NIGERIANIGERIA

By: Wilfredo GalarzaBy: Wilfredo GalarzaJoseph PalmisanoJoseph PalmisanoMiron LevestonMiron Leveston

Gary ChungGary ChungRene SotoRene Soto

Alex AlavezAlex Alavez

GeographyGeography

Nigerian Nigerian GeographyGeography

Nigeria has a diverse Nigeria has a diverse geographical makeup.geographical makeup.

It has lush jungle areasIt has lush jungle areasSandy deserts.Sandy deserts.Raging riversRaging rivers

Nigerian JungleNigerian Jungle

Jungles of Nigeria are rich with plant and Jungles of Nigeria are rich with plant and animal life.animal life.

Home to native animal the Drill Monkey.Home to native animal the Drill Monkey. Tropical weather is only found in this Tropical weather is only found in this

area of Nigeria as it does not spread to area of Nigeria as it does not spread to the rest of the country.the rest of the country.

Nigerian RiversNigerian Rivers

Niger River and Niger River and Benue Rivers are Benue Rivers are the main rivers of the main rivers of Nigeria.Nigeria.

The Niger is The Niger is provided with water provided with water by the Benueby the Benue

They come together They come together at the Niger Deltaat the Niger Delta

Nigerian DesertsNigerian Deserts

Contains part of the Sahara DesertContains part of the Sahara Desert Due to droughts, desert is growing Due to droughts, desert is growing

2,000 square miles every year.2,000 square miles every year. The northeastern state of Yobe is The northeastern state of Yobe is

50% desert.50% desert.

The Land of the The Land of the PeoplePeople

The Land and Its PeopleThe Land and Its People

There is a strong There is a strong relationship relationship between the between the people of Nigeria people of Nigeria and its land.and its land.

The people of The people of Nigeria believe Nigeria believe that the land is that the land is very resourceful.very resourceful.

NigeriaNigeria

The people of The people of Nigeria are very Nigeria are very serious when it serious when it comes to their landcomes to their land

They try to take They try to take care of it as much care of it as much as possible.as possible.

Their farming is Their farming is done on the land.done on the land.

NigeriaNigeria

The land has The land has always been a part always been a part of the people.of the people.

They do not know They do not know anything else.anything else.

They are not very They are not very used to used to technology.technology.

NigeriaNigeria

The people of Nigeria worship their The people of Nigeria worship their land like a god.land like a god.

They try to please it by watering it They try to please it by watering it and plowing it.and plowing it.

They believe if they do this, they will They believe if they do this, they will be rewarded.be rewarded.

Their reward will be fruits and Their reward will be fruits and vegetables.vegetables.

NigeriaNigeria

The people of The people of Nigeria hate when Nigeria hate when others pollute their others pollute their land.land.

If they see If they see destruction to their destruction to their land, they will rebel.land, they will rebel.

their land is sacredtheir land is sacred It is treated like It is treated like

another member of a another member of a family.family.

Nigeria Before Nigeria Before ColonizationColonization

Nigeria Before Nigeria Before ColonizationColonization

The Nok culture is The Nok culture is the earliest the earliest identifiable identifiable civilization in civilization in Nigeria’s north. Nigeria’s north.

The Nok are also The Nok are also the earliest of the earliest of West Africa’s West Africa’s known known ironworkers.ironworkers.

The Kanem-Bornu The Kanem-Bornu Empire Empire

The northern region’s first documented The northern region’s first documented state was the kingdom of Kanem. state was the kingdom of Kanem. (West Chad)(West Chad)

By the 9By the 9thth century profited from trade century profited from trade with N. Africa and the Nile valley.with N. Africa and the Nile valley.

The kingdom never had a period of The kingdom never had a period of peace. peace.

The Kanem soon intermarried the The Kanem soon intermarried the people, Kanueri and the Bornu. people, Kanueri and the Bornu.

Education Before Education Before ColonizationColonization

Before the Europeans, groups in Before the Europeans, groups in Nigeria had their own education Nigeria had their own education systems, taught cultural skills and systems, taught cultural skills and community awareness. community awareness.

Public schools did not exist, nor did any Public schools did not exist, nor did any schools higher than primary level.schools higher than primary level.

For Nigerian children, education took For Nigerian children, education took place in the home or village courtyard. place in the home or village courtyard.

The Hausi- Fuluni The Hausi- Fuluni

The Hausi culture in the 7The Hausi culture in the 7thth century century were smelting iron ores.were smelting iron ores.

The Ife kingdom was the first of the The Ife kingdom was the first of the Yoruba kingdoms in the 11Yoruba kingdoms in the 11thth and 12 and 12thth centuries. The city Oyo soon arose centuries. The city Oyo soon arose as major city.as major city.

The Oyo empire collapsed when it The Oyo empire collapsed when it went into a civil war.went into a civil war.

Relation To BookRelation To Book

Nigeria was slow to feel the Nigeria was slow to feel the penetration of Europe. So in a sense penetration of Europe. So in a sense Nigeria was lucky. Nigeria was lucky.

In 1884 and 1885 European powers In 1884 and 1885 European powers made their way into Africa. Britain made their way into Africa. Britain soon claimed Nigeria. soon claimed Nigeria.

Before Europeans and oil made their Before Europeans and oil made their way to Nigeria. Nigeria was way to Nigeria. Nigeria was peaceful. The majority of people are peaceful. The majority of people are now uneasy and feel betrayed.now uneasy and feel betrayed.

Nigeria’s Struggle Nigeria’s Struggle for Independencefor Independence

Unity and FaithUnity and Faith Nigeria achieved it’s Independence on Nigeria achieved it’s Independence on

October 1October 1stst, 1960, 1960 It was originally a constitutional It was originally a constitutional

MonarchyMonarchy The government leaders were a The government leaders were a

coalition of conservative parties:coalition of conservative parties: Nigerian People's Congress (NPC), Nigerian People's Congress (NPC), IgboandIgboand National Council of Nigeria and the National Council of Nigeria and the

Cameroons (NCNC) Cameroons (NCNC)

Fighting for its share of power was the Fighting for its share of power was the liberal party called the Action Groupliberal party called the Action Group

Nigeria left its British legacy behind in Nigeria left its British legacy behind in 1963, and declared itself a federal republic1963, and declared itself a federal republic

The Nigerian National Democratic Party The Nigerian National Democratic Party beat the Action Group to power of beat the Action Group to power of Nigeria’s Western Region in 1965.Nigeria’s Western Region in 1965.

This left the Action Group and National This left the Action Group and National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons to Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons to join together.join together.

Struggle for PowerStruggle for Power

Sectarian ViolenceSectarian Violence

In 1966, the Igbo people started a military In 1966, the Igbo people started a military coup to take back power.coup to take back power.

The coup proved to be successful, but it The coup proved to be successful, but it led to much sectarian violence against the led to much sectarian violence against the Igbo people.Igbo people.

In 1967 the Eastern region of Biafran In 1967 the Eastern region of Biafran declared itself independentdeclared itself independent

The Nigerian Gov’t declared war against The Nigerian Gov’t declared war against the Biafrans, which led to Biafran being the Biafrans, which led to Biafran being apart of Nigeria again apart of Nigeria again

Long Term CorruptionLong Term Corruption

The founding of OPEC was the first sign of The founding of OPEC was the first sign of Nigerian gov’t being more dependent on Nigerian gov’t being more dependent on oil production that agricultural oil production that agricultural production.production.

Nigerian rulers over the past thirty years Nigerian rulers over the past thirty years have been accused of being corrupthave been accused of being corrupt

Each of these corrupt rulers have been Each of these corrupt rulers have been forcibly removed through military coupforcibly removed through military coup

Nigeria’s current president Olusegun Nigeria’s current president Olusegun Obasanjo has shown a commitment to Obasanjo has shown a commitment to ridding the government of corruption.ridding the government of corruption.

Nigerian PoliticsNigerian Politics

Politics of NigeriaPolitics of Nigeria

Nigeria’s government is a federal Nigeria’s government is a federal presidential representative presidential representative democratic republic.democratic republic.

Has executive, legislative and Has executive, legislative and judicial powers.judicial powers.

Very similar to the U.S.Very similar to the U.S.

Executive BranchExecutive Branch

The president is the head of state and The president is the head of state and the head of government.the head of government.

The president is elected by the people.The president is elected by the people. The president heads the Federal The president heads the Federal

Executive Council.Executive Council. The executive branch is divided into The executive branch is divided into

twenty-nine different ministries.twenty-nine different ministries. Ministries include health, Ministries include health,

transportation, police affairs, education, transportation, police affairs, education, defense, etc. defense, etc.

Legislative BranchLegislative Branch

Consists of two chambers.Consists of two chambers. The House of Representatives has The House of Representatives has

360 members, all elected to a four 360 members, all elected to a four year term.year term.

The Senate has 109 members, also The Senate has 109 members, also elected to four year terms.elected to four year terms.

Legal SystemLegal System

Four systems of law in Nigeria.Four systems of law in Nigeria. English Law – derived from English English Law – derived from English

colonistscolonists Common LawCommon Law Constitutional LawConstitutional Law Sharia Law – high Muslim population in Sharia Law – high Muslim population in

the Norththe North There is a Supreme Court like the U.S.There is a Supreme Court like the U.S. Highest court of the landHighest court of the land

States of NigeriaStates of Nigeria

Relation To BookRelation To Book

Nigerian government reflects the Nigerian government reflects the influence of the English colonistsinfluence of the English colonists

The white men’s beliefs impacted The white men’s beliefs impacted the Nigeriansthe Nigerians

The government has greatly evolved The government has greatly evolved from how the clan was governed in from how the clan was governed in the bookthe book

Nigerian LeadersNigerian Leaders

Past LeadersPast Leaders It was not until the 1960s when Nigeria It was not until the 1960s when Nigeria

achieved their independences, that they have achieved their independences, that they have leaders. leaders.

The political scene was a struggle between The political scene was a struggle between two corrupted politicians who abused their two corrupted politicians who abused their power.power.

In the 1964-1965 election, there were brutal In the 1964-1965 election, there were brutal violence among the elections, leading to the violence among the elections, leading to the death of 2,000 people.death of 2,000 people.

Then the army decided to take over, under Then the army decided to take over, under the command of Major General Johnson the command of Major General Johnson Aguiyi Ironsi, an Ibo. Aguiyi Ironsi, an Ibo.

Gowon Regime Gowon Regime It turns out that Ironsi leadership was short-It turns out that Ironsi leadership was short-

lived because he was overthrew.lived because he was overthrew. The new leader was Gowon, a Christian.The new leader was Gowon, a Christian. Tension increased at this time, and a civil war Tension increased at this time, and a civil war

broke, killing 2 million people.broke, killing 2 million people. Gowon planned to use military forces to Gowon planned to use military forces to

maintain power, thus, he build a strong armed maintain power, thus, he build a strong armed force. He wanted a new constitution force. He wanted a new constitution

Nigerian fear that Gowon sought to maintain Nigerian fear that Gowon sought to maintain military power over the nation.military power over the nation.

Gowon was eventually overthrew in a bloodless Gowon was eventually overthrew in a bloodless coup. coup.

General Murtala General Murtala MuhammadMuhammad

Muhammad was elected to demobilized Muhammad was elected to demobilized the military and cut off civil service, the military and cut off civil service, creating a new states.creating a new states.

He removed the previous officers that He removed the previous officers that were in office for Gowon.were in office for Gowon.

He openly supported the Soviet Union.He openly supported the Soviet Union. Muhammad was assassinated in 1976, Muhammad was assassinated in 1976,

and was replaced by Obasanjo who and was replaced by Obasanjo who reformed a new constitution for Nigeria.reformed a new constitution for Nigeria.

The Leaders from 1980-The Leaders from 1980-PresentPresent

The Nigerian government undergo years of The Nigerian government undergo years of corruption and was unable to gain a strong corruption and was unable to gain a strong leader.leader.

Babagida was the most corrupted president, Babagida was the most corrupted president, because he self-declared himself as president because he self-declared himself as president causing a spark violence among the people of causing a spark violence among the people of Nigeria.Nigeria.

General Abacha took the presidency in 1993 and General Abacha took the presidency in 1993 and he made Nigeria the most violent nation with his he made Nigeria the most violent nation with his military rule; fortunately, he would die later military rule; fortunately, he would die later under mysterious causes.under mysterious causes.

The Nigerian current president today is The Nigerian current president today is Obasanjo, who was re-elected in 1998 and 2003.Obasanjo, who was re-elected in 1998 and 2003.

Olusegun Obasanjo-Olusegun Obasanjo-Current PresidentCurrent President

Olusegun Obsanjo was in the presidency Olusegun Obsanjo was in the presidency for three times in the election of 1976, for three times in the election of 1976, 1998 and 2003.1998 and 2003.

He is a Christian, and his religion has lead He is a Christian, and his religion has lead to violence in Nigeria due to a large to violence in Nigeria due to a large number of Muslims there.number of Muslims there.

He has lead a public campaign against He has lead a public campaign against corruption and hope to bring forth corruption and hope to bring forth economic reforms.economic reforms.

Obsanjo hopes to re-build a strong Obsanjo hopes to re-build a strong Nigerian government. Nigerian government.

ConclusionConclusion

Nigeria is a very sacred place to its Nigeria is a very sacred place to its people.people.

Family is a major part of Nigerian’s lives.Family is a major part of Nigerian’s lives. Nigeria has greatly evolved since its pre-Nigeria has greatly evolved since its pre-

colonization times.colonization times. Nigeria is a place of much diversity.Nigeria is a place of much diversity. Nigerian people have experienced many Nigerian people have experienced many

hardships, but remain to be an influential hardships, but remain to be an influential people in our time.people in our time.

Works CitedWorks Cited 17 Oct. 2006. 26 Oct. 2006 17 Oct. 2006. 26 Oct. 2006

<https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/fact<https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ni.html>. book/geos/ni.html>.

26 Oct. 2006 26 Oct. 2006 <http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studi<http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Country_Specific/Nigeria.html>. es/Country_Specific/Nigeria.html>.

26 Oct. 2006 26 Oct. 2006 <http://www.scholars.nus.edu.sg/landow/<http://www.scholars.nus.edu.sg/landow/post/nigeria/nigeriaov.html>. post/nigeria/nigeriaov.html>.

Country StudiesCountry Studies. 15 June 2006. 26 Oct. . 15 June 2006. 26 Oct. 2006 2006 <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/ngtoc.html>. <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/ngtoc.html>.