Seventh International Conference on

INFORMATICS AND URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING

Planning Support Tools: Policy Analysis, Implementation and Evaluation

Cagliari, 10 – 12 Maggio 2012

Assessment of Public Programs

Evaluation of structural funds programs of the

European Union. The study case of Reggio Calabria: European Union. The study case of Reggio Calabria:

two different seasons, two different leadership, and

two different groups of results.

Francesca Nicolò

TO EVALUATE THE IMPACTS OF STRUCTURAL FUNDS PROGRAMS ON

URBAN FORM, PROCESS AND EVOLUTION IN THE CITY OF REGGIO

CALABRIA

synonymous with marginality, URBAN DECAY, backwardness,

UNAUTHORIZED BUILDING, welfarism, INEFFICIENCY of the Public

Administration and of essential public services, MAFIA, resignation and

STANDING TOWN?

AAIMIM OFOF THETHE PAPERPAPER

STANDING TOWN?

1

or synonymous with a reality that could be the center of the

Mediterranean, SIGNIFICANT NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE,

growth contrary to expectations, MOVEMENTS AGAINST MAFIA, and

REDISCOVERED CAPACITY ON PLANNING?

SUMMARYSUMMARY

� The study case: the city of Reggio Calabra

� Urban framework

� Evaluation of structural funds programs

� Methodological notes

� Round 1994-1999

� Rounds 2000-2006, 2007-2013

2

� Rounds 2000-2006, 2007-2013

� Final reflections

� Evolution/involution of the local capacity on planning

� Two different city models

A SINGULAR, AND AT THE SAME TIME, A CENTRAL PLACE

Because of:

- the physical space within which it is placed (on one hand the Massive

Aspromonte, on the other the Strait of Messina);

- its history of South Italy centre: it was a greek colony (Reghion), founded around

the 8th century b.C., but it has been hit several times by earthquakes (1783,

1908);

- its social and economic problems which reflect, and in part exacerbate, regional

TTHEHE CITYCITY OFOF RREGGIOEGGIO CCALABRIAALABRIA

- its social and economic problems which reflect, and in part exacerbate, regional

trends such as those related to:

- youth unemployment (67,4%);

- failure to take off in the industrial sector;

- difficult conversion of the economy towards tourism (focused only during

the summer, inadequate links).

3

TTHEHE CITYCITY OFOF RREGGIOEGGIO CCALABRIAALABRIA: : URBANURBAN FRAMEWORKFRAMEWORK

A DEVELOPMENT ALWAYS FOREORDAINED TO UTOPIAN PROJECTS NEVER FULLY

UNDERSTOOD: THE “GREAT REGGIO” (1920), THE NEW GENERAL PLAN (1970),

THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF THE STRAIT (2009).

THE CONSEQUENCE: 3.000.000 CUBIC METERS OF HOUSING BUILT ILLEGALLY

which means:

- absence of forms of control in site selection;

- absence of quality of building tipologies;

4

- an urban landscape made by block houses and “unfinished”;

- absence of essential public services and relation spaces;

- difficulties in connecting the different parts of the territory;

-increase in pollution (air and marine).

UURBANRBAN FRAMEWORKFRAMEWORK: : ANALYZEDANALYZED INITIATIVESINITIATIVES ANDAND NEWNEW DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

PATHSPATHS

1975-1989APPROVAL OF THE

GENERAL PLAN AND

1975-2011: INITIATIVES MULTIPLY AND INTERTWINE THEMSELVES WITH

INNOVATIONS FROM THE LEGISLATIVE POINT OF VIEW.

1989-2001

THE REGGIO DECREE AND THE FIRST ROUND OF STRUCTURAL FUNDS:

L.246/89, REGGIO DECREE

URBAN, 1994

LACIO GAVE INTEGRA, 1997

CDQ TREMULINI-BORRACE, 1998

TERRITORIAL PACT FOR THE AREA OF THE STRAIT, 2001

5

2008- 2011TOWARDS THE SP, AND NEW URBAN

POLICIES:

PLAN FOR THE PROVINCE, 2008

REGIUM WATERFRONT, 2009

REGIONAL TERRITORIAL PLAN, 2009

GENERAL PLAN AND

UNAUTHORIZED

BUILDING

2002-2007

SECOND ROUND OF STRUCTURAL FUNDS AND INITIATIVES:

L.19/2002, REGIONAL PLANNING LAW

PSU, 2002

RIURB RAVAGNESE, 2003

BEGINNING OF THE ITER FOR THE SP, 2004

PIT 22, 2005

STRATEGIC PLAN, 2007

THE TERRITORIALIST APPROACH TO LOCAL DEVELOPMENT

“Without going into the conceptual and terminological differences […] is

immediately clear that local development is seen not only as a process of growth

of an industry or aggregation of local companies, but as a process of territorial

development, based on sustainable exploitation of tangible and intangible

resources present in a certain territory, which also involves social and cultural

sphere and subjects’ self-organization ability” (Dematteis, Governa, 2005).

EEVALUATIONVALUATION OFOF STRUCTURALSTRUCTURAL FUNDSFUNDS PROGRAMSPROGRAMS__METHODOLOGICALMETHODOLOGICAL NOTESNOTES

ISSUES CONSIDERED:ISSUES CONSIDERED:

6

ISSUES CONSIDERED:ISSUES CONSIDERED:

• GOALS

• PROMOTER AND INVOLVED SUBJECTS

• VISION OF THE TERRITORY

• DEPARTURE CONDITIONS

•MOBILISED RESOURCES

• ROLE OF THE PROJECT WITH RESPECT TO OTHER PROGRAMS

• TERRITORIAL IMPACTS

VILLA SAN GIUSEPPE

EEVALUATIONVALUATION OFOF STRUCTURALSTRUCTURAL FUNDSFUNDS PROGRAMSPROGRAMS: : ROUNDROUND 19941994--19991999

�TERRITORIAL PACT FOR THE AREA OF THE STRAIT

GALLICO

CATONA

S.CATERINA

TREMULINI

CENTRO

STORICO

GEBBIONE-

SBARRE

RAVAGNESE-ARANGEA

7

URBAN- Northen suburbs

LACIO GAVE – Southern suburbs

VILLA SAN GIUSEPPE

EEVALUATIONVALUATION OFOF STRUCTURALSTRUCTURAL FUNDSFUNDS PROGRAMSPROGRAMS: : ROUNDSROUNDS 20002000--2006, 2006, 20072007--20132013

� PIT 22_INTEGRATED DISTRICT

� STRATEGIC PLAN 2007-2013

8

GALLICO

CATONA

S.CATERINA

TREMULINI

CENTRO

STORICO

GEBBIONE-

SBARRE

RAVAGNESE-ARANGEA

PSU

RROUNDOUND 19941994--19991999:: THETHE FIRSTFIRST MAYORSMAYORS’’ SEASONSEASON ANDAND THETHE ““REGGIOREGGIO

SPRINGSPRING”” ASAS AA DISRUPTIVEDISRUPTIVE ELEMENTELEMENT INTOINTO AA PROGRESSIVEPROGRESSIVE DISINTEGRATIONDISINTEGRATION

MECHANISMMECHANISM OFOF THETHE CITYCITY

POSITIVE RESULTS NEGATIVE ELEMENTS

GOALS: recovery of degraded areas, social integration, the Straits city

PROMOTER AND INVOLVED SUBJECTS: Institutions, Academic world, business

organizations, Third sector, private citizens, ‘ndrangheta

VISION OF THE TERRITORY: positive despite the extreme decay and marginality

MOBILISED RESOURCES: all, tangible and intangible

TERRITORIAL IMPACTS: positive and found in most

9

POSITIVE RESULTS

�Growth of local administration;

� Rapprochement of citizens to local

authority;

� Greater sinergy between public and

private subjects.

NEGATIVE ELEMENTS

� Urban: the case of the Park

Ecolandia;

�Wrecked attempt of general

variant to PRG (1995).

RROUNDSOUNDS 20002000--2006, 20072006, 2007--2013: 2013: THETHE RREGGIOEGGIO MMODELODEL, , THETHE DEFECTSDEFECTS OFOF

THETHE ADMINISTRATIONADMINISTRATION CHANGECHANGE..

GOALS: recovery of the whole municipal territory, social integration,

enhancement of the role of the city within the Mediterranean basin

PROMOTER AND INVOLVED SUBJECTS: Institutions, Academic world, business

organizations, Third sector, private citizens, ‘ndrangheta

VISION OF THE TERRITORY: positive despite the extreme decay and marginality

MOBILISED RESOURCES: all, tangible and intangible

TERRITORIAL IMPACTS: not detectable considering the ongoing state of projects

POSITIVE RESULTS

� Growth of local

administration;

NEGATIVE ELEMENTS

� Absence of knowledge of overall city

problems;

10

administration;

� Greater sinergy between

public and private subjects.

problems;

�Absence of a strategic developmen vision;

�Patronage in the construction of the arena

decision;

� Inability to manage the vast area;

�Absence of corrective and general variants to

PRG;

� Persistence of urban decay and social

problems.

FFINALINAL REFLECTIONSREFLECTIONS__11:: EVOLUTIONEVOLUTION//INVOLUTIONINVOLUTION OFOF THETHE LOCALLOCAL

CAPACITYCAPACITY ONON PLANNINGPLANNING

1975-1989

1989-2001

THE GENERAL

THE “REGGIO SPRING”

1989-2011: INITIATIVES MULTIPLY BUT THEY BECOME A DODGE TO FIND

ADDITIONAL PUBLIC RESOURCES , EVEN IF, TODAY, A NEW POSSIBLE PATH OF

DEVELOPMENT OPENS: LAW N.19/2002, THE NEW STRUCTURAL PLAN AND THE

PROVINCIAL PLAN.

11

2008- 2011

1975-1989

2002-2007

THE GENERAL

PLAN AND THE

WILD

URBANIZATION

CONFIRMATION OF ALL THE

STEREOTYPES ON SOUTH ITALY

TOWARDS THE

STRUCTURAL PLAN, AND

NEW URBAN POLICIES

FFINALINAL REFLECTIONSREFLECTIONS_2: _2: TWOTWO DIFFERENTDIFFERENT CITYCITY MODELSMODELS

THE MODEL OF THE SPRING

1989-2001

THE REGGIO MODEL

2002-2011

…so city that is/where:

- home of ephemeral entertainment;

RC - SUSTAINABLE CITY

..so city that is/that:

- home of legalty and antimafia

movements;

- alternative, multicultural and

owned;

RC - EMBLEM OF A “QUESTION”

THAT PASSES TROUGH THE

FRAGILITY OF THE ACTORS OF THE

GOVERNMENT AND THE

DEVELOPMENT OF

TRANSFORMATIONS

12

- home of ephemeral entertainment;

- already inherent problems persist

and aggravate themselves;

- suburb of the suburbs.

- invests for its future on young

people and training;

- takes care of its urban

environment.

THE QUESTION IS: WHICH OF THE TWO MODELS WILL BE REPEATED NOW THAT

THE CYCLE OF STRUCTURAL FUNDS 2007-2013 IS RUNNING OUT?

Thanks for attention

Any questions?

13