NICKEL ALLOY STEEL PLATES

NICKEL ALLOYSTEEL PLATES

A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO THE USE OF NICKEL-CONTAINING ALLOYS

NO 1108

Distributed byNICKEL

INSTITUTEProduced byINCOnco I~~ Nickel

I,~ INSTITUTE knowledge for a brighter future

NICKEL ALLOY STEEL PLATES

A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO THE USE OF NICKEL-CONTAINING ALLOYSNO 1108

Originally, this handbook was published in 1972 by INCO, The International Nickel Company Inc. Today this company is part of Vale S.A.The Nickel Institute republished the handbook in 2021. Despite the age of this publication the information herein is considered to be generally valid.Material presented in the handbook has been prepared for the general information of the reader and should not be used or relied on for specific applications without first securing competent advice.The Nickel Institute, INCO, their members, staff and consultants do not represent or warrant its suitability for any general or specific use and assume no liability or responsibility of any kind in connection with the information herein.

Nickel Institute

[email protected]

........................................................................................

Table of Contents

Location of Data

Page No.

4

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Standard Specifications for Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 American Society for Testing and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 American Society of Mechanical Engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Government: Not Restricted to Specific Compositi.on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Government: Composition Specified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . 7

AISI Nickel Alloy Steels for Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Compositions and Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Plate Data on 4330 Modified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Nickel Alloy Steel Plates for 37,000 to 50,000 psi Minimum Yield Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Nickel-Copper High Strength Low Alloy-Hot Rolled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2¼ Nickel-Normalized (ASTM A 203, A 300 ahd A 593, Grades A and B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3½ Nickel-Normalized (ASTM A 203, A 300 and A 593, Grades D and E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Nickel Alloy Steel Plates for 50,000 to 75,000 psi Minimum Yield Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.3 Mn-0.5 Mo-0.3 Ni-Quenched and Tempered (ASTM A 533) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.3 Mn-0.5 Mo-0.5 Ni-Normalized or Quenched and Tempered (ASTM A 302 or A 533). . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.3 Mn-0.5 Mo-0.8 Ni-Normalized or Quenched and Tempered (ASTM A 302 or A 533). . . . . . . . . . . 14 3½ Nickel-Quenched and Tempered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5 Nickel-Quenched and Tempered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5 Ni-0.25 Mo-Quenched and Double Reheated (ASTM A 645) . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 9 Nickel-Double Normalized and Tempered (ASTM A 353) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Nickel Alloy Steel Plates for 80,000 to 100,000 psi Minimum Yield Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 0.5 Ni-0.5 Cr-0.25 Mo-.06 V-8-Quenched and Tempered (ASTM A 514 & A 517, Grade H) . . . . . . . . 16 0.9 Ni-0.5 Cr-0.5 Mo-.06 V-Cu-8-Quenched and Tempered (ASTM A 514 & A 517, Grade F) . . . . . . . 17 0.9 Ni-1.2 Cu-.03 Cb-Hot Rolled and Aged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1.4 Ni-0.5 Mo-8-Quenched and Tempered (ASHA A 514 and A 517, Grade M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1.4 Ni-1 Cr-0.5 Mo-8-Quenched and Tempered (ASTM A 514 and A 517, Grade P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 1.4 Ni-1.3 Cr-0.35 Mo-0.7 Cu-Cb or V-Hot Rolled, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.6 Ni-1.4 Cr-0.4 Mo-HY-SO-Quenched and Tempered (MIL-S-16216G (SHIPS)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.9 Ni-1.4 Cr-0.4 Mo-HY-100-Quenched and Tempered (MIL-S-16216G (SHIPS)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3 to 4 Ni-1.8 Cr-0.5 Mo-.03 V-Quenched and Tempered (ASTM A 543) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 8 Nickel-Quenched and Tempered (ASTM A 553, Grade 8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 9 Nickel-Quenched and Tempered (ASTM A 553, Grade A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Steel Pl-ates for 130,000 to 140,000 psi Minimum Yield Strength . . . . . . . . . 25 5 Ni-0.5 Cr-0.5 Mo-.07 V-HY-130/ 140 (T)-Quenched and Tempered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Nickel Alloy Steel Plates for Minimum Yield Strengths of 180,000 psi and Higher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 0.5 Ni-1 Cr-1 Mo-0.1 V (0.47 C)-Quenched and Tempered (AMS 6438A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 9 Ni-4 Co-Cr-Mo-V (0.20 and 0.30 C)-Quenched and Tempered (ASTM A 605) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 10 Ni-8 Co-2 Cr-1 Mo (0.10 C)-HY-180-Quenched and Tempered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

3

Location of Data

Steel Type 3 Tables and Figures Page No.

4330 Modified ....................... Fig. 1, 2 ........................................ 7, 8 4340 .............................. Table I ........................................... 6 E4340 ............................. Table I ........................................... 6 4615, 4617 and 4620 ................. Table I ........................................... 6 8615,8617,8620,8622,8625,8627,

8630, 8637, 8640 and 8655 ........... Table I ........................................... 6 8742 .............................. Table I ........................................... 6

21/4 Ni (A 203b) ...................... Tables 11, XXXIV; Fig. 3, 4 ................... 8, 38-39; 8, 9 3½ Ni (A 203b) ...................... Tables Ill, XXXIV; Fig. 5, 7 ................. 9, 38-39; 10, 13 5 Ni ............................... Data in text only ................................... 14 8 Ni (A 553b) ........................ Tables XXI, XXXIV; Fig. 15, 16 ............. 24, 38-39; 23, 24 9 Ni (A 353,b A 553b) ................. Tables VIII, XXI, XXXIV; Fig. 8, 17, 18 .. 15, 24, 38-39; 15, 24, 25

0.5 Ni-0.5 Cr-0.25 Mo-.06 V-B (A 514,b A 517b) ............... Tables IX, X, XI, XXXIV ..................... 16, 17, 38-39

0.5 Ni-1 Cr-1 Mo-0.1 V (AMS 6438Ac) ...... Tables XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX; Fig. 24, 25 .... 29, 30; 29, 30 0.9 Ni-0.5 Cr-0.5 Mo-.06 V-Cu-B

(A 514,b A 517b) ............... Tables X, XI, XII, XXXIV; Fig. 9 ............ 16, 17, 38-39; 16 1.4 Ni-1 Cr-0.5 Mo-B (A 514,b A 517b) .... Table XXXIV ................................... 38-39 1.4 Ni-1.3 Cr-0.35 Mo-0.7 Cu-Cb or V ...... Table XVII ........................................ 20 2.6 Ni-1.4 Cr-0.4 Mo-HY-80 ............ Tables XVIII, XIX; Fig. 11, 12 ................... 21; 21, 22 2.9 Ni-1.4 Cr-0.4 Mo-HY-100 .......... Tables XVIII, XIX ................................... 21 3 to 4 Ni-1.8 Cr-0.5 Mo-.03 V (A 543b) ..... Tables XX, XXXIV; Fig. 13, 14 ............. 22, 38-39; 22, 23 5 Ni-0.5 Cr-0.5 Mo-.07 V-HY-130/140 (T) .. Tables XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV;

Fig. 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 ............. 26, 27, 28; 26, 27, 28

1.4 Ni-0.5 Mo-B (A 514,b A 517b) ........ Tables XIV, XV, XVI, XXXIV .................. 19, 20, 38-39

0.9 Ni-1.2 Cu-.03 Cb .................. Table XIII; Fig. 10 ............................... 18; 18

5 Ni-0.25 Mo ........................ Table VII ......................................... 14

9 Ni-4 Co-Cr-Mo-V (A 605b) ............• Tables XXX, XXXl,XXXII, XXXIV; Fig. 26 ........ 31, 38-39; 31

10 Ni-8 Co-2 Cr-1 Mo (0.10 C)-HY-180 .... Table XXXIII; Fig. 27 ............................. 32; 33

1.3 Mn-0.5 Mo-0.3 Ni (A 533b) .......... Tables IV, XXXIV ............................. 11, 38-39 1.3 Mn-0.5 Mo-0.5 Ni (A 302,b A 533b) .... Tables V, XXXIV; Fig. 6 ..................... 11, 38-39; 12 1.3 Mn-0.5 Mo-0.8 Ni (A 302,b A 533b) .... Tables VI, XXXIV ............................. 13, 38-39

a The Al SI-SAE system for numbering steels is used if applicable. b ASTM Specification. c Aerospace Material Specifications.

4

Nickel Alloy Steel Plates

INTRODUCTION

This bulletin describes the nickel alloy steel compositions that are used currently in plate form for such applications as fired and unfired pressure vessels, fabricated structural applications, nuclear reactor vessels and equipment for the processing, storage, and transportation of gases and liquids at cryogenic temperatures. Although many of the properties of the lowcarbon nickel steels containing nominally 2 ¼, 3 ½, 5, 8 or 9 per cent nickel are discussed in this bulletin, the properties of specific interest for cryogenic applications are dealt with more extensively in another bulletin.*

Steel quality and other manufacturing details for plates are covered by the American Iron and Steel Institute. 1 Hot-rolled alloy steel plate is produced customarily in two dimensional ranges:

1. A minimum thickness of 0.230 inch for widths over 8 to 48 inches, and

2. A minimum thickness of 0.180 inch for widths over 48 inches.

Thinner material is classified as sheet, strip or flat wire. The types of mill heat treatments applied to steel plates vary, depending on composition and desired strength level; details are given with each composition. Background information relating to the use of steel plates for pressure vessels and fabricated structures is provided in References 2 to 30. Information on specific steels is covered in References 31 to 112.

Alloy steel plates and their compositions have developed around two basic areas of need: ( 1) One class comprises structural applications where strength is the basic requirement and today's products have minimum yield strengths up to about 100,000 psi; (2) The second class was developed to meet the demands of pressurevessel applications where both strength and resistance to fracture are basic requirements. This class started with early steels at yield strengths around 40,000 psi for steam boilers and now has been extended to steels at yield strengths of 180,000 psi and higher.

In recent years the consideration of fracture toughness has been of predominant interest for high-strength steels for pressure-vessel and other demanding applications. This interest resulted in the development of the concepts of linear-elastic fracture mechanics which has

* Bulletin 4-C: "Low Temperature Properties of Nickel Alloy Steels."

5

been used widely to obtain plane-strain K 10 t values on ultra-high-strength steels (yield strengths greater than about 200,000 psi) that usually do not show a ductileto-brittle transition. 11a-i 15 Most of these K10 tests have been made at room temperature. In this bulletin such Krc data are limited largely to the three steels with minimum yield strengths of 180,000 psi and higher. More recently efforts have been directed to extend the use of the Krc approach to steels of much lower yield strength, including those that have yield strengths below 100,000 psi and exhibit a ductile-to-brittle transition behavior with decreasing temperature.11 6- 117 No K1c values for plate steels in this lower strength region are included because, despite much progress, 118 - 121 this approach is in the developing stage.

STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR PLATES

The most commonly used standard specifications applying to nickel alloy steel plates are:

American Society for Testing and Materials (Standards, Part 4, 1972)

A 203 Nickel Alloy Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels.

A 300 Notch Toughness Requirements for Normalized Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels.

A 302 Manganese-Molybdenum and ManganeseMolybdenum-Nickel Alloy Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels.

A 353 Nine Per Cent Nickel Alloy Steel Plates, Double-Normalized and Tempered, for Pressure Vessels.

A514 High-Yield-Strength, Quenched and Tempered, Alloy Steel Plate Suitable for Welding.

A 517 High-Strength Alloy Steel Plates, Quenched and Tempered, for Pressure Vessels.

A 533 Manganese-Molybdenum and ManganeseMolybdenum-Nickel Alloy Steel Plates, Quenched and Tempered, for Pressure Vessels.

A 543 Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Alloy Steel Plates, Quenched and Tempered, for Pressure Vessels.

t Kie is the critical stress-intensity factor for significant new fracture to occur at the tip of an existing crack.

A 553 Eight and Nine Per Cent Nickel Alloy Steel Plate, Quenched and Tempered, for Pressure Vessels.

A 593 Charpy V-Notch Testing Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels.

A 605 Nickel-Cobalt-Molybdenum-Chromium Alloy Steel Plates, Quenched and Tempered, for Pressure Vessels.

SA 553 Eight and Nine Per Cent Nickel Alloy Steel Plate, Quenched and Tempered, for Pressure Vessels.

SA 593 Charpy V-Notch Testing Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels.

SA 645 Five Per Cent Nickel Alloy Steel Plate, Specially Heat Treated, for Pressure Vessels.

A 645 Five Per Cent Nickel Alloy Steel Plate, Specially Heat Treated, for Pressure Vessels.

American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II, Material Specifications (Part A, Ferrous, 1971)

Government: Not Restricted to Specific Composition

MIL-S-12505A Steel, Structural, High-Strength, Low-Alloy; Shapes, Plates, and Bars for Welded, Riveted, and Bolted Structures.

SA 203 Nickel Alloy Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels.

SA 302 Manganese-Molybdenum and ManganeseMolybdenum-Nickel Alloy Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels.

SA 353 Nine Per Cent Nickel Alloy Steel Plates, Double-Normalized and Tempered, for Pressure Vessels.

SA 517 High Strength Alloy Steel Plates, Quenched and Tempered, for Pressure Vessels.

SA 533 Manganese-Molybdenum and ManganeseMolybdenum-Nickel Alloy Steel Plates, Quenched and Tempered, for Pressure Vessels.

TABLE I

MIL-S-13326B Steel, Alloy, Plate (Firebox Quality) and Sheet, High Strength, Heat Treated for Welded Structures.

MIL-S-18957A (SHIPS) Steel Deck Plates: Dimpled, and Dimpled and Tie-Down Fitted.

MIL-S-20154A (SHIPS) Steel Plate, SpecialTreatment, for Protective Hull Plating.

MIL-S-13281B (MR) Steel, Carbon, Alloy, and High Strength Low Alloy, for Welded Structures ( Stress Relieved).

MIL-S-24238 (SHIPS) Steel Plate, Carbon and Low Alloy.

MIL-S-46099A Steel, Armor Plate, Roll-Bonded, Dual Hardness.

MIL-S-46100 (MR) Steel Armor Plate, Wrought, High Hardness.

AISI Nickel Alloy Steels for Plates

AISI No. C Mn

4340 0.36-0.44 0.55-0.80 E4340 0.37-0.44 0.60-0.85

4615 0.12-0.18 0.40-0.65 4617 0.15-0.21 0.40-0.65 4620 0.16-0.22 0.40-0.65

8615 0.12-0.18 0.60-0.90 8617 0.15-0.21 0.60-0.90 8620 0.17-0.23 0.60-0.90 8622 0.19-0.25 0.60-0.90 8625 0.22-0.29 0.60-0.90 8627 0.24-0.31 0.60-0.90 8630 0.27-0.34 0.60-0.90 8637 0.33-0.40 0.70-1.00 8640 0.36-0.44 0.70-1.00 8655 0.49-0.60 0.70-1.00

8742 0.38-0.46 0.70-1.00

a Phosphorus is .035% max, sulfur .040 max.

Composition,a %

Sib Ni

0.15-0.30 1.65-2.00 0.15-0.30 1.65-2.00

0.15-0.30 1.65-2.00 0.15-0.30 1.65-2.00 0.15-0.30 1.65-2.00

0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70

0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70

Notes:

Cr

0.60-0.90 0.65-0.90

0.35-0.60 0.35-0.60 0.35-0.60 0.35-0.60 0.35-0.60 0.35-0.60 0.35-0.60 0.35-0.60 0.35-0.60 0.35-0.60

0.35-0.60

Mo

0.20-0.30 0.20-0.30

0.20-0.30 0.20-0.30 0.20-0.30

0.15-0.25 0.15-0.25 0.15-0.25 0.15-0.25 0.15-0.25 0.15-0.25 0.15-0.25 0.15-0.25 0.15-0.25 0.15-0.25

0.20-0.30

b Silicon is available also in ranges of 0.10-0.20%, 0.20-0.35%, and 0.35% maximum (when carbon deoxidized) when so specified by the purchaser.

I. When electric furnace steel is ordered, the maximum of phosphorus and sulfur is .025% each.

2. Boron or lead may be added to the above compositions.

6

Government: Composition Specified

MIL-S-7809A Steel, High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Bars, Shapes, Sheet, Strip and Plate.

MIL-S-8949 (ASG) Steel Bars, Plates, Sheets, Billets and Reforging Stock, Type D6AC.

MIL-S-16216G (SHIPS) Steel Plate, Alloy, Structural, High Yield Strength (HY-80 and HY-100).

MIL-S-18728C Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip, Alloy, 8630, Aircraft Quality.

MIL-S-20147 Steel, Nickel, Plate. MIL-S-21515A (ASG) Steel Bars, Plates, Sheets

and Strips, 4335, Modified Vacuum Melted. MIL-S-24238 (SHIPS) Steel Plate, Carbon and

Low Alloy. MIL-S-24286 (SHIPS) Steel Armor Plate,

Wrought, High Hardness. MIL-S-24371 (SHIPS) Steel Plate, Alloy, Struc

tural, High Yield Strength (HY-130). MIL-S-813 7 8 (AS) Steel Bars, Plates, and Reforg

ing Stock, Low Alloy, High Quality. QQ-S-626a Steel Plate, Alloy.

A summary of composition and mechanical property requirements of ASTM Specifications for nickel alloy steel plates appears as Table XXXIV on pages 38 and 39. The same data appear in smaller tables in the body of this bulletin.

AISI NICKEL ALLOY STEELS FOR PLATE

Compositions and Properties

The AISI Steel Products Manual 1 for alloy steel plates includes a number of compositions that approximate the "Standard" grades also commonly produced in other product forms. The plate grades containing nickel are listed in Table I and generally show little, if any, difference in composition from the corresponding AISI-SAE Standard bar and billet grades. Consequently, data in other bulletins* are applicable in general to the similar composition in plate form, providing the effects of section size and shape are taken into account. The information in these bulletins covers mechanical properties, low and high temperature properties, hardenability, austenite transformation and annealing.

* Bulletin 2-A: "Quenched and Tempered Nickel Alloy Steels." Bulletin 4-C: "Low Temperature Properties of Nickel Alloy

Steels." Bulletin 4-D: "Elevated Temperature Properties of Nickel Al

loy Steels." Bulletin 6-A: "Hardenability of Nickel Alloy Steels." Bulletin 6-B: "Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of Nickel

Alloy Steels." Bulletin 6-C: "Annealing Characteristics of Nickel Alloy

Steels."

7

300

250 ·.; .,_ C> C>

S! ~ !; en

200

150

=:= ;/:! 80

~~ <.)

~~ 60 a,Z ~, .,:> -c-., - 40 ""'-' ... i;g_ ~.§ 0 >,

LU ~ 20 ..c c.:,

0

Tempering Temperature, C

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 I I I I I'

4330 Modified ~::: 1-in. Plate _ ..

Oil Quenched 1600 F ~i I "1::C r-.... 600 " ) 1':<"JJ~ -,.....-~ j I""' 17%, .. ~ . I ,. Str. ~0 I'-.. I - <"IJ.ffq I

500 <$,, (() I ~eq * I~ ~ ·o.

1'. i"{."1-..,,) I\.. I I "1'. K J

C Mn Ni Cr Mo '"' ,.,_""J.. 0.30 0.80 1.65 1.10 0.40 ..... , .... ~

~

1

V1

Al1

I

~,' 0.10 0.14 I I I s:.1,

I I I I I ~ 'I ~

Approximate Max Safe I

Tempering Temp = 1250 F / I I

I ~ 300 1 I r----

I......_ i-- ,, I ~',~

act i - C\lalP~ \ll\\1:.:;,...,,-"" , I I -

Elongation \4Dl

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Tempering Temperature, F

4000

3000

2000.B!

1000

0 1400

-..c .!!!> 3: .,_ 0

,5

Fig. 1. Influence of tempering temperature on the average of nearly identical longitudinal and transverse mechanical properties of 4330 modified steel piate. 31-33

Plate Data on 4330 Modified

Data on 4330 modified steel ( AMS 6433, 6434 and 6435) in the quenched and tempered condition are given in Figures 1 and 2. The effect of tempering temperature on tensile and impact properties of 1-inch plate is shown in Figure 1 with the average of longitudinal and transverse specimens in fairly close agreement. Figure 2 shows the effect of section size on the tensile and impact properties of transverse specimens tempered at 600 F.

NICKEL ALLOY STEEL PLATES FOR 37,000 TO 50,000 PSI MINIMUM YIELD STRENGTH

Nickel-Copper High Strength Low Alloy-Hot Rolled

A number of proprietary grades of the high-strength low-alloy steels included in ASTM A 242 and A 588 are produced in plate form. They are furnished usually in the hot-rolled condition and develop yield strengths in the range 42,000 to 50,000 psi, depending upon plate thickness. The properties of plates and other forms of these steels are covered in another bulletin.t

t Bulletin 4-E: "Nickel-Copper High Strength Low Alloy Steels."

250 !

~w

200

"' Tensile Strength - .. i-6 ·c= ""= Yield Strength (0.2 % Offset) 500

Brinell

I

I I 150

·;;; 400 4330 Modified

=- Oil Quenched 1600 F c:, c:, 5!

Tempered 600 F ,,; ., I I I I

I I I I

E t.i

100

r--· - C Mn Ni Cr Mo

300 _ 0.30 0.80 1.65 0.90 0.40 ..__ I I I -i-,-~d.Area

50 Charpy Impact at 75 F *

- Elongation

* lzod impact for 5 and 6 - in. plate

2 4 6 8

Section Size, in.

V Al 0.10 -

10 12

60 :§ 0 z I

> 50 .::

<-> "'

40 I e "'

30 5 I

lR

20 :if .:. -g

10 "" "" ... C:

0 t5

Fig. 2. Influence of section size on transverse mechanical properties of plates and square billets of 4330 modified steel.31-33

2¼ Nickel-Normalized

Low-carbon 2 ¼ per cent nickel steel is described by Grades A and B, ASTM A 203 and ASME SA 203, when it is to be specified for fusion-welded pressure vessels for use down to -90 F. Table II gives the requirements for composition and tensile properties. Normalizing or heating uniformly for hot forming is the specified heat treatment for all plate thicknesses (A 203 or SA 203 and A 300). A suitable normalizing temperature is 1650 F and tempering or stress relief, if employed, should not exceed 1200 F.

Properties

Figure 3 presents some typical tensile properties for heat-treated plates conforming to ASTM A 203 and shows how these properties meet the requirements for Grades A and B. The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,2 Table UCS-23, lists the maximum allowable design stresses for SA 203 for temperatures below 650 F as 16,200 psi for Grade A and 17,500 psi for Grade B. Alternatively, the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 3 Table ACS-1, allows higher maximum design stresses for service up to 300 F, namely 19,600 psi for Grade A and 21,100 psi for Grade B.

8

TABLE II

2¼ Nickel Alloy Steel Plate for Pressure Vessels

ASTM A 203 Grade A Grade B

Composition, % Carbon 0.17 max a 0.21 max a Manganese 0.70 max a 0.70 max a Silicon 0.15-0.30 0.15-0.30 Nickel 2.10-2.50 2.10-2.50

Thickness, in. Gmax Gmax

Heat Treatmerrt Normalized b Normalizedb

Tensile Properties Tensile Strength, psi 65,000-77,000 70,000-85,000 Yield Point, min, psi 37,000 40,000 Elongation (2 in.), min, % 23C 21 C

Elongation (8 in.), min, % 19 C 17c

Notch Toughness, ASTM A 300 Charpy Impact (Keyhole Notch),

min, ft-lb 15 at -75 F 15 at -75 F

Notch Toughness, ASTM A 593 Charpy Impact (V-Notch),

min, ft-lb 13 at -90 fd 15 at -90 fd

a To 2-inch thick plate, carbon and manganese higher for thicker plate.

b Normalized or equivalent treatment. c Varies with thickness, see specification. d For plates 2 inches or less in thickness, but -75 F for 2 to 3-inch

plates. Note: These data are presented also in Table XXXIV, pages 38 and 39.

Tensile 21/4 Nickel Strength

90

80

70

Yield -

~ ~J Point Red. Area -

~ ~ ... - =· -

80

70

·;;; 60 Cl.

g 50 $?

~ 40 E t.i

30

20

.... - \ ~

1\ Note: Longitudinal and II F. transverse specimens -II = are included.

~ II -\\ F· \\

Elong ~ 1-- -,--

\Nh f- -~ -- Grade A, ASTM A 203

~ -- Grade B, ASTM A 203 -

~ 60 ..

E 50

cc ..,; .. a::

40 "" 30 .5

~

20 ... C: 0

(Normalized Plate) w 10 f- 10

0 0

Nor NT W+:Uj Range for 4 plates 0.5 and 2-in. thick.

QT ~ Range for 3 plates 0.5 and 1.6-in. thick.

N = Normalized: 1600 F, air C cool. Mn Si Ni

NT = Normalized & Tempered: 0.14- 0.36- 0.15- 2.20-1600 F, air cool, 1100 F. 0.16 0.53 0.24 2.35

QT = Quenched & Tempered: (Composition range of plates tested) N + 1525 F, water quench, 1100-1150 F.

Fig. 3. Representative tensile properties of 2¼ per cent nickel steel plates and how they compare with the minima for the normalized plates specified in ASTM A 203. More details on this specification are given in Table XXXIV.34, 35

ASTM A 300, as shown in Table II, requires the two grades of 2 ¼ per cent nickel steel to maintain a minimum of 15 foot-pounds Charpy keyhole-notch impact at -75 F. Figure 4 (left side) indicates that more than adequate values are achieved. Alternatively, ASTM A 593, also as shown in Table II, requires 13 foot-pounds Charpy V-notch for Grade A and 15 footpounds for Grade B at -90 F for plates 2 inches and less in thickness, and at -75 F for plates 2 to 3 inches in thickness. Figure 4 (right side) gives data on the effects of heat treatment and plate thickness on Charpy V-notch impact at -90 F. Both grades are being used in vessels and equipment for storing and handling cold gases down to -90 F.

Welding

For pressure vessel work the 2 ¼ per cent nickel steel falls into Group P-9A, Table Qll.1, Section IX of the ASME Code governing welding procedure qualifications.17 Preheating to 300 F may be advisable under conditions of heavy restraint. The ASME Code, in Tables UCS-56 2 and AF-402-1, 3 specifies that postweld heat treatment (stress relief), except when omission is permitted, consist of holding at a temperature

100

90

80

70

'!¥ 60 :t:::

•·· c.,

"' .§ 50 >,

e "' 40 ..c:

C:.>

30

20

10

2¼ Nickel Charpy Impact Data

C Mn p s Si 0.12- 0.36- .DOB- .020- 0.15-0.16 0.77 .018 .039 0.25

(Composition range of plates tested)

Keyhole Notch at -75 F

( Longitudinal and Transverse)

QT

K: 1600 F, air cooled. NT; 1600 F, air cooled, 1100 f, water quenched.

Nor NT: Range of 5 plates 0.5 and 2-in. thick.

Ni 2.20- N =Normalized.

2.35 NT= Normalized and Tempered. QT = Quenched and Tempered.

V-Notch at -90 F

( Longitudinal)

QT

N: 1525 or 1650 F, air cooled. MT: 1525 F, air cooled, 1150 F, air cooled.

N. or NT: Range for 5 plates 0.5 or 1.6-in. thick. *Plate not more than 2-in. thick.

QT: N + 1525 F, water quenched, 1100 F, water quenched. QT: N + 1525 F, water quenched, 1150 F, air cuoled. Range for 1 plate 0.5-in. thick. Range for 2 plates 0.5 and 1.6-in. thick,

Fig. 4. Representative Charpy impact data on 2¼ per cent nickel steel plates and how they compare with the minima specified for normalized plate.3 4, 35

9

of 1100 F minimum.* For metal-arc welding, coated electrodes of the E8016-Cl and E8018-Cl classifications conforming to A WS Specification AS.5 are used. These electrodes deposit weld metal of the same composition as the base material. Steel wire containing 3 ½ per cent nickel for inert-gas consumable-electrode welding has been used for joining the 2 ¼ per cent nickel steel for low-temperature applications. Submerged-arc welding of the 2 ¼ per cent nickel steel has been accomplished by using nickel-containing fluxes and low-carbon steel welding wire.

3½ Nickel-Normalized

Plates of this composition are used primarily for processing equipment that operates at temperatures down to -150 F, and are covered by Grades D and E of Specifications ASTM A 203 and ASME SA 203. Composition and tensile requirements for both grades are given in Table III. Normalizing or heating uniformly for hot forming is the heat treatment specified in A 203 or SA 203 and in ASTM A 300 for all plate thicknesses. A suitable normalizing temperature is 1600 F and tempering or stress relief, if used, should not exceed 1175 F.

* Editor's Note: To minimize the possibility of exceeding the Ae, temperature, a maximum of 1200 F is suggested.

TABLE Ill

3½ Nickel Alloy Steel Plate for Pressure Vessels

ASTM A 203 Grade D Grade E

Composition, % Carbon 0.17 max a 0.20 max a Manganese 0.70 max a 0.70 max a Silicon 0.15-0.30 0.15-0.30 Nickel 3.25-3.75 3.25-3.75

Thickness, in. 4max 4max

Heat Treatment Normalized b Normalized b

Tensile Properties Tensile Strength, psi 65,000-77,000 70,000-85,000 Yield Point, min, psi 37,000 40,000 Elongation (2 in.l, min, % 23c 21 C Elongation (8 in.l, min, % 19c l7c

Notch Toughness, ASTM A 300 Charpy Impact (Keyhole Notch),

min, ft-lb 15 at -150 F 15 at -150 F

Notch Toughness, ASTM A 593 Charpy Impact (V-Notchl,

min, ft-lb 13 at -150 fd 15 at -150 fd

a To 2-inch thick plate, carbon and manganese higher for thicker plate.

b Normalized or equivalent treatment. c Varies with thickness, see specification. d For plates 2 inches or less in thickness, but -125 F for 2 to 3-inch

plates. Note: These data are presented also in Table XXXIV, pages 38 and 39.

Properties

Some typical properties for normalized and tempered plate conforming to ASTM A 203, A 300 and A 593 are given in Figure 5 which also shows how they meet the specifications for the two grades. The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,2 Table UCS-23, lists allowable design stresses for temperatures below 650 F as 16,200 psi for Grade D and 17,500 psi for Grade E. Alternatively, the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,8 Table ACS-1, allows higher maximum design stresses up to 300 F, specifically 19,600 psi for Grade D and 21,200 psi for Grade E.

When Grades D and E are used for vessels and equipment operating down to -150 F, ASTM A 300, as shown in Table III, requires a minimum of 15 footpounds Charpy keyhole-notch impact at -150 F. Alternatively, ASTM A 593, again as shown in Table III, requires 13 foot-pounds Charpy V-notch for Grade D and 15 foot-pounds for Grade Eat -150 F for plates 2 inches and less in thickness, and at -125 F for plates 2 to 3 inches in thickness. Figure 5 shows that these requirements are met for a number of plate thicknesses.

Welding

For pressure vessel work the 3 ½ per cent nickel steel falls into Group P-9B, Table Qll.1, Section IX of the ASME Code governing welding procedure qualifications.17 Preheating to 300 F may be advisable under conditions of heavy restraint. Postweld heat treatment ( stress relief) is required ( except when omission is permitted) at a temperature of 1100 F minimum* in the ASME Code, Paragraphs UCS-56 and UCS-67, 2

and in AF-402-1. 8 For metal-arc welding, coated electrodes of the E8016-C2 and E8018-C2 classifications conforming to A WS Specification AS.5 are used. These electrodes deposit weld metal of the same composition as the base material. Austenitic nickel-chromium-iron electrodes, corresponding to Classification ENiCrFe-2 under AWS Specification A5.ll, also are suitable for joining 3 ½ per cent nickel steel. Wires for inert-gas metal-arc welding and submerged-arc welding of 3 ½ per cent nickel steel are available commercially.

* Editor's Note: To minimize the possibility of exceeding the Aea or Ae, temperature, a maximum of 1175 F is suggested.

3½ Nickel Normalized or Normalized and Tempered

Note: Longitudinal and transverse specimens are included.

C Mn Si Ni

Fig. 5. Representative tensile and Charpy impact properties for a number of normalized or normalized and tempered plates of 3½ per cent nickel steel and how these properties compare with the minima specified for normalized plate.84, 35

90

80

70

60 ·;;; ... g 50 So:!

~ 40 In

30

20

10

0

Tensile Strength

Yield Point

\ I

\\ \\ ,, ,, ,,

\\ II \\ \ \

\ ,, ..

Red. Area

Elong

\ \ ---GradeE

--+E--GradeD ASTM A 203

0.10- 0.40- 0.21- 3.25-0.18 0.65 0.28 3.56 (Composition range of plates tested)

Charpy Impact at -150 F

V-Notch

GradeD

90

80 :!¥ ;::

70 -g ... .§

60 e .. -= c.>

50 I ~ ...

40 i al

30:

= 20 ;i

l!? 10 ill

i---~-~---';::==!::====================:--~-~----, 0 Normalized: 1600 F, air cooled.

Normalized and Tempered: 1600 F, air cooled, 1100 F. (1150 F temper used for a few tensile specimens)

* Plate not more than 2-in. thick.

Tensile Data: Range for 7 plates 0.5 to 2-in. thick.

Charpy Keyhole-Notch Data: Range for 3 plates 0.5 and 2-in. thick.

Charpy V-Notch Data: Range for 2 plates 0.5-in. thick.

10


The following alloy steel compositions are utilized commonly to develop yield strengths in the 50,000 to 75,000 psi range for pressure vessels and other engineering components fabricated from plate.

1.3 Mn-0.5 Mo-0.3 Ni-Quenched and Tempered

The composition and property requirements of this steel, Grade D (Classes 1, 2 and 3) of ASTM A 533, are listed in Table IV. It is relatively lightly alloyed and requires a quench-and-temper treatment to reach the specified properties. This low-carbon steel and its 0.5

TABLE IV

1.3 Manganese-0.5 Molybdenum-0.3 Nickel Alloy Steel Plate

ASTM A 533

Compositioll', % Carbon Manganese Silicon Nickel Molybdenum

Thickness, in.

Heat Treatment

Tensile Properties Tensile Strength, psi Yield Strength <0.2% Offset), min, psi Elongation (2 in.), min, %

Notch Toughness

Grade D Class 1

0.25 max 1.15-1.50 0.15-0.30 0.20-0.40 0.45-0.60

¼min

QTa

80-000-100,000 50,000

18

Grade D Class 2

0.25 max 1.15-1.50 0.15-0.30 0.20-0.40 0.45-0.60

¼min

QTa

90,000-115,000 70,000

16

Grade D Class 3

0.25 max 1.15-1.50 0.15-0.30 0.20-0.40 0.45-0.60

¼-2

QTa

100,000-125,000 82,500

16

Manufacturer and purchaser may agree on impact and other tests, see "Supplementary Requirements" in ASTM A 533.

a QT = Quenched and Tempered. Note: These data are presented also in Table

XXXIV, pages 38 and 39. When minimum thickness is specified, as above, the maximum thick-

ness is limited only by the capacity of the composition to respond to the heat treatment and meet the specified mechanical properties.

TABLE V


ASTM Specification A 302 Grade C

Composition, % Carbon 0.20 max a Manganese 1.15-1.50 Silicon 0.15-0.30 Nickel 0.40-0.70 Molybdenum 0.45-0.60

Thickness, in. ¼minb

Heat Treatment Normalized

Tensile Properties Tensile Strength, psi 80,000-100,000 Yield Strength (0.2% Offset),

min, psi 50,QQQd Elongation (2 in.), min, % 2oe Elongation (8 in.), min, % l]e

Notch Toughness Charpy Impact (¥-Notch), ft-lb

a To 1-inch thick plate, carbon higher for thicker plate.

b When minimum thickness is specified, the maximum thickness is limited only by the capac· ity of the composition to respond to the heat treatment and meet the specified mechanical properties.

c QT = Quenched and Tempered.

A 533 A 533 A 533 Grade B Grade B Grade B Class 1 Class 2 Class 3

0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25 max 1.15-1.50 1.15-1.50 0.15-1.50 0.15-0.30 0.15-0.30 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.70 0.45-0.60 0.45-0.60 0.45-0.60

¼minb ¼minb ¼-2

QTc QTc QTc

80,000-100,000 90,000-115,000 100,000-125,000

11

50,000 70,000 82,500 18 16 16

30 at 10 Ff 30 at 10 Ff 25 at-85 Ff

d Yield point. e Varies with thickness, see specification. f Value is typical but not part of the specifica•

tion. Manufacturer and purchaser may agree on impact and other supplementary tests.

Note: These data appear also in Table XXXIV, pages 38 and 39.

and 0.8 per cent nickel counterparts, described in the next two sections of this bulletin, are intended for the construction of pressure vessels and other pressure equipment to be fabricated by fusion welding.

1.3 Mn-0.5 Mo-0.5 Ni-Normalized or Quenched and Tempered

Grade C in ASTM A 302 covers this steel in normalized or equivalent condition which is optional for plates 2 inches and under in thickness but mandatory for plates more than 2 inches thick. Grade B ( Classes 1, 2 and 3) in ASTM A 533 applies to the quenched and tempered condition.

Properties

Table V summarizes the composition and tensile property requirements. The specified minimum yield point is 50,000 psi if normalized (ASTM A 302). If quenched and tempered, the minimum yield strengths are 50,000, 70,000 or 82,500 psi (Grade B, Classes 1, 2 and 3 in ASTM A 533 ). Minimum plate thickness

is specified as ¼ inch, Table V, and the maximum thickness is limited only by the capacity of the selected composition to respond to the heat treatment and meet or exceed the specified minimum mechanical tests. An exception is Grade B, Class 3, for which the thickness is limited to 2 inches to achieve the 82,500 psi minimum yield strength.

The high base-plate notch toughness required in heavy sections, such as for nuclear pressure vessels, is contributed both by the nickel content and by quenching and tempering to give a fine microstructure of ferrite, pearlite and bainite. 36 Representative tensile and notch toughness data, based on many heats and tests, are presented in Figure 6 which also shows that the tensile requirements of A 533, Grade B, Class 1, are met readily.

Welding

This steel can be welded by using coated electrodes and by the submerged-arc, electroslag and MIG processes to give tensile and impact data similar to those shown in Figure 6 for base plate. 37

1.3 Mn - 0.5 Mo - 0.5 Ni Water Quenched 1600 - 1700 F

Tempered 1150 - 1200 F

Tensile Data 'i Tensile Charpy V-Notch Data

I 100 1--------'S_tr_en-=gt_h ________________ ~ 30 ft-lb ---------------------,

.,; Temperature

~ I 80 f-----1---1--,t--~ ~ .. < -g 60 I-------, "" .., . 5 N - 40 1------------1

~ ~

\ \

\ 1 Elong \

Drop Weight Data

\ 20 ,___ _ __, ASTM A 533 _____________________ --a

1---t--(--+----t- Grade B

Class 1

0I---L__L_L__j__L__j__.L..___J__i_____J_ _____ --,--------------------1

4-inch plate

- 12-inch plate

Data are based on many heats and tests.

80

40

... l!!

0 .s l.':! Cl) Cl. = .. ....

-40

-80

-120

Fig. 6. Representative longitudinal tensile and notch toughness properties at ¼ of the plate thickness of 1.3 manganese-0.5 molybdenum-0.5 nickel steel and how the tensile properties compare with the minima specified in ASTM A 533. 36, 37

12

110

Tensile 100 Strength

90

80

70

·;;; Q.

c::, 60 c::,

~ ,.,; "' 50 ~ in

40

30

20

10

0

TABLE VI


ASTM Specification A 302 Grade D

Composition, % Carbon 0.20 max a Manganese 1.15-1.50 Silicon 0.15-0.30 Nickel 0.70-1.00 Molybdenum 0.45-0.60

Thickness, in. ¼minb

Heat Treatment Normalized

Tensile Properties Tensile Strength, psi 80,000-100,000 Yield Strength (0.2% Offset),

min, psi 50,000d Elongation (2 in.l, min, % 2oe Elongation (8 in.l, min, % 17e

Notch Toughness Charpy Impact (V-Notchl, ft-lb

a To 1-inch thick plate, carbon higher for thicker plate.

b When minimum thickness is. specified, the maximum thickness is limited only by the capacity of the composition to respond to the heat treatment and meet the specified mechanical properties.

3½ Nickel Quenched and Tempered


A 533 A 533 A 533 Grade C Grade C Grade C Class 1 Class 2 Class 3

0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25 max 1.15-1.50 1.15-1.50 1.15-1.50 0.15-0.30 0.15-0.30 0.15-0.30 0.70-1.00 0.70-1.00 0.70-1.00 0.45-0.60 0.45-0.60 0.45-0.60

¼minb ¼minb ¼-2

QTc QTc QTc

80,000-100,000 90,000-115,000 100,000-125,000

50,000 70,000 18 16

_f _f

c QT = Quenched and Tempered. d Yield point.

82,500 16

_f

e Varies with thickness, see specification. f Manufacturer and purchaser may agree on

impact and other supplementary tests. Note: These data appear also in Table XXXIV,

pages 38 and 39.

C Mn p .010-.018

s .017-.038

Si Ni 110 0.11- 0.45- 0.16- 3.25-0.18 0.64 0.25 3.37


_______ Red.Area --------------1

Elong

Charpy Impact

at -150 F

13

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Fig. 7. Representative tensile and impact properties for a number of water quenched

.c and tempered plates of 3½ per cent nickel T

.::: steel.3, 34, 35, 38 -= e c:, z: I ~ -.., "' C.

.E >. e-"' -= u I

1~ .,;-~ CZ:

"0 ., "' °" .5 Range of properties of 7 plates 0.5 to 1.3-in. thick.

~ Tensile Specimens: Normalized + 1525 F or 1600-1660 F, bO water quenched, 1100-1175 F, C: c:, ;;::; air cooled or water quenched.

Impact Specimens: 1600-1660 F, water quenched, 1100-1175 F, air cooled or water quenched.

1.3 Mn-0.5 Mo-0.8 Ni-Normalized or Quenched and Tempered

Just as for the preceding steel, the specified minimum yield strengths are 50,000 to 82,500 psi. ASTM A 302, Grade D, covers this steel in the normalized or equivalent condition for a minimum yield point of 50,000 psi, shown in Table VI. ASTM A 533, Grade C (Classes 1, 2 and 3 ), covers it in the quenched and tempered condition for minimum yield strengths, respectively, of 50,000, 70,000 and 82,500 psi, Table VI. Details on composition and tensile requirements also are given in Table VI. Again the specified plate thickness varies from ¼ inch to the thickest plate in which the specified minimum mechanical properties can be developed. For Grade C, Class 3, the thickness is limited to 2 inches to achieve the minimum yield strength of 82,500 psi.

'3½ Nickel-Quenched and Tempered

The 3 ½ per cent nickel steel plate, quenched and tempered, in thicknesses at least up to 2 inches, can develop yield strengths in the 50,000 to 75,000 psi range with better low-temperature impact properties than those achieved by normalizing and tempering heat treatments. 16 • 34

Typical tensile and impact properties for waterquenched and tempered 3 ½ per cent nickel steel are presented in Figure 7. A comparison of Figure 7 with Figure 5 shows the advantage of water quenching over normalizing.

5 Nickel-Quenched and Tempered

Plates of this grade are used in the United Kingdom and Europe 39 for pressure vessels operating at sub-zero temperatures. The steel is covered by British Standard Specification En 37 and by German Iron and Steel Association Specification 680, Low Temperature Steels.

5 Ni-0.25 Mo-Quenched and Double Reheated

This steel was developed for plate applications down to -275 F. 40 , 41 It is covered by ASTM A 645. Table VII gives its composition, heat treatment and mechanical properties as specified in A 645. In the Drop-Weight test ( ASTM E 208), its Nil-Ductility-Transition (NDT) temperature for plate of Pressure Vessel Quality is -275 F orlower.

The 5 Ni-0.25 Mo steel can be welded with austenitic nickel-chromium alloy filler metals, such as INCOWELD * A Electrode or INCONEL* Filler Metal 92. Preheating ordinarily is unnecessary except for welding joints in heavy or highly restrained members; a

* Registered Trademark of The International Nickel Company, Inc.

14

temperature of 200 to 400 F usually is applied to joints of this type. Postweld stress-relief heat treatment is generally unnecessary for cryogenic service.

TABLE VII

Composition and Mechanical Properties of 5 Nickel-0.25 Molybdenum Steel Plate

ASTM Specification

Composition, a % Carbon Manganese Silicon Nickel Molybdenum Aluminum, total Nitrogen

Thickness

Heat Treatment

Tensile Properties Tensile Strength, psi Yield Strength (0.2% Offset), min, psi Elongation (2 in.J, min, %

Charpy Impact (V-Notchl (1 Ox 1 O mm) Energy Absorbed, c min, ft-lb

Longitudinal Transverse

Lateral Expansion, e min, in. {Transverse)

a Phosphorus and sulfur are .025% max. b Details are given in ASTM A 645.

A 645

0.13 max 0.30-0.60 0.20-0.35 4.75-5.25 0.20-0.35 .05-0.12 .020 max

Max thickness limited only by capacity to meet specified requirements

Heat to 1575 to 1675 F, water quench; reheat to 1325 to 1400 F, water quench; reheat to 1150 to 1225 F, water quench or air cool.b

95,000-115,000 65,000

20

25 at -275 Fd 20 at -275 Fd

.015 at -275 Fd

c Average of 3 specimens. Supplementary requirement. d A lower temperature may be specified if agreed upon between pur

chaser and manufacturer. e Required on each specimen.

9 Nickel-Double Normalized and Tempered

The low-carbon 9 per cent nickel steel was developed for pressure vessel service at temperatures down to that of liquid nitrogen, -320 F. For the doublenormalized and tempered condition, it is specified under ASTM A 353 and ASME SA 353; plate thickness is limited to 2 inches and the specified minimum yield strength is 75,000 psi. Table VIII gives the composition, tensile and impact requirements for plates covered by the ASTM specification.

ASTM A 353 and ASME SA 353 give details on procedures for heat treatment. Briefly, the double normalize and temper comprises: 1650 F, air cool, 1450 F, air cool, 1050 to 1125 F, air cool or water quench at a rate not less than 300°F per hour.

TABLE VIII

9 Nickel Steel Plate in Double-Normalized and Tempered Condition for Pressure Vessels

ASTM Specification

Composition, % Carbon Manganese Silicon Nickel

Thickness, in.

Heat Treatment

Tensile Properties Tensile Strength, psi Yield Strength {0.2% Offset), min, psi Elongation (2 in.), min, %

Charpy Impact (Keyhole-Notch) (ASTM A 300) Energy Absorbed, min, ft-lb (Long.)

Charpy Impact (V-Notchl (ASTM A 353) Energy Absorbed,a min, ft-lb

Longitudinal Transverse

Lateral Expansion,b min, in. (Transv.)

A 353

0.13 max 0.90max 0.15-0.30 8.50-9.50

2 max

Double Normalized and Tempered

100,000-120,000 75,000

20

15 at -320 F

25 at -320 F 20 at -320 F

.015 at -320 F

a Average of 3 specimens. Supplementary requirement. b Required on each specimen. Note: These data are presented also in Table XXXIV, pages 38 and 39.

9 Nickel Double Normalized and

Tensile Tempered

Strength Note: Longitudinal and transverse

120 specimens are included.

110 C Mn p s Yield .08- 0.44- .007- .010-

100 Strength 0.10 0.60 .014 .013

Si 0.22-0.49

\ ( 0.2 % Offset) (Composition range of plates tested)

90

80 Red.·Area

-~ 70 c:::> 0

s

Properties

Some typical tensile properties are given in Figure 8, which also shows how these properties meet the specifications. For the fabrication of pressure vessels, ASME, 2 Table UHT-23, indicates maximum allowable design stresses of 22,700 psi for parent metal and 21,500 psi for weldments of 9 nickel steel in this heattreated condition. For large low-pressure welded storage tanks for liquefied natural gas, the American Petroleum Institute lists a maximum allowable design stress of 28,500 psi.18

Figure 8 shows that this steel meets the Charpy keyhole-notch requirement of ASTM A 300 for both longitudinal and transverse specimens. Table VIII, ASTM Specification A 353, indicates that a minimum lateral expansion of .015 inch in the Charpy V-notch impact test must be maintained at -320 F.

Welding

Pressure vessels can be manually or TIG and MIG welded with austenitic nickel-chromium alloy filler metals, such as !NCO-WELD A Electrode or INCONEL Filler Metal 92, to achieve welds with high strength, good ductility and thermal expansion closely matching the base plate. Using these welding processes the X-ray requirements of ASME can be met. No postweld stress relief is required for plates up to 2 inches thick.

Ni 8.61 9.45

90

80

70

60

:!j! ;::::: -u ., C.

.5 >,

e-

Fig. 8. Representative tensile cmd impact properties for a number of double-normalized and tempered plates of 9 per cent nickel steel and how these properties compare with the specified minima. 34, 35, 42-44

60 Charpy Impact .. .,; -= .., .,

at -320 F ~ 50 50 I .,, 1#:_ V-Notch oi

Double Normalized and Tempered: 1650 F, air cooled, 1450 F, air cooled, 1050-1100 F, water quenched.

40 40 s I Elong

.,; ., 30 30 "" oll

Tensile Data: Range of 8 plates 0.4 to 2-in. thick .

Keyhole-Notch Data: Range of 3 plates 0.5 to 2-in. thick .

ASTM A 353 20 . :l 20 ~ V-Notch Data: Range of 6 plates 0.5 to 1-in. thick.

"" ASTM A 300 C

10 10 ~ <15 ft-lb min at -320 Fl

* Supplementary requirement. Lateral expansion of 0.015-in. minimum at -320 Fis specified for transverse specimens.

0 0

15


Requirements for stronger structures of reduced mass have led to the development of quenched and tempered steels with yield strengths higher than those obtainable with the combinations of compositions and heat treatments already discussed. 48 - 58 Because the best combination of mechanical properties is derived from a fully martensitic structure, compositions have been developed to achieve this structure throughout the thickness of quenched plates. Good response to welding is also an essential requirement for these plate steels; therefore, carbon content has been restricted and the required strength has been obtained by increasing hardenability through alloy addition.

Two compositions, HY-80 and HY-100, were developed specifically for plates requiring particularly good notch toughness in this strength range.

Also, some of the AISI "Standard" compositions of low carbon content have been used successfully.

0.5 Ni-0.5 Cr-0.25 Mo-.06 V-B Quenched and Tempered

The composition and mechanical properties of this steel, specified as Type H in ASTM A 514 and Grade H in A 517, are listed in Table IX. It has good toughness and weldability. It is utilized widely in plate thicknesses from T36 to 2 inches. Longitudinal tensile tests are normally made but transverse tests may be specified, thus the transverse tensile data in Table IX are mandatory for plates in Grade H, ASTM A 517. Impact tests may be specified subject to agreement between producer and buyer for plates in A 517, as indicated in Table IX. Cold-bend properties and coldforming data are given in Table X.

Temperature, C

50 .--_,1,-50-.-,--1-,-2_5 .---,--_10;-0,----,---7,,5_,------,,-50_,-----r,2,-5 -,---, I

-= 40 "T

0.9 Ni-0.5 Cr-0.5 Mo -.06 V-Cu-B -+----+----, Water Quenched and Tempered

= .c

~ 30 l---+-+--+-+----+--+------1--+--l---+-z I

c::: .... :g_ 20 l---+-+--+-+----+--+------1--+--.5 >,

E-"' .c c.> 10 t----t---t----,

-240 -200 · -160 -120' -80

Temperature, F -40 0

Fig. 9. Typical Charpy impact data for the 0.9 nickel-0.5 chromium-0.5 molybdenum-.06 vanadium-copper-boron plate steel of Table XII. Longitudinal specimens.38

16

TABLE IX

Composition and Mechanical Properties of Commercial 0.5 Nickel-0.5 Chromium-0.25 Molybdenum-

.06 Vanadium-Boron Steel Plate with Minimum Yield Strength of 100,000 psi

ASTM Specifications

Composition,a % Carbon Manganese Silicon Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Vanadium Boron

Thickness, in.

Heat Treatment

Tensile Properties Tensile Strength, psi Yield Strength, min, psi

Elongation (2 in.), min, % Reduction of Area, min, %

Plates ¾ in. and under Plates over ¾ to 2 in.

A 514, Type H A 517, Grade H

0.12-0.21 0.95-1.30 0.20-0.35 0.30-0.70 0.40-0.65 0.20-0.30 .03- .08 .0005 min

2 max

Water quench 1650-1750 F, temper 1100-1275 F

115,000-135,000 100,000

Longitudinal 18b

40c 40c, 50d

Transverse 16b

35c 35c, 50d

Charpy Impact (V-Notch) (ASTM A 517) Lateral Expansion, e min, in. (Transverse} .015 f

a If added corrosion resistance is needed, 0.20 to 0.40% copper may be specified.

b For plates under 5/16 inch, a deduction in elongation of 1.25% (but not exceeding 3%) shall be made for each reduction of 1/32 inch in thickness below 5/16 inch.

c Measured on 1½-inch wide full-thickness rectangular specimen (Fig. 4, ASTM A 370) which is mandatory for plate ¾-inch thick and under.

d Measured on ½-inch diameter specimen (Fig. 6, ASTM A 370). • Required on each specimen. I Orientation, temperature and acceptance criteria are to be agreed

upon between purchaser and manufacturer. Note: These data are presented also in Table XXXIV, pages 38 and 39.

TABLE X

Cold-Bend Test and Cold-Forming Procedure for 0.5 Nickel-0.5 Chromium-0.25 Molybdenum-

.06 Vanadium-Boron and 0.9 Nickel-0.5 Chromium-0.5 Molybdenum-.06 Vanadium-Copper-Boron

Steel Plates a

Thickness, in.

Up to 1, incl Over 1 to 2½, incl Over 2½ to 4, incl

Cold-Bend Test,b,c ASTM

180°, D = 2T 180°, D = 3T 180°, D = 4T

Cold-Forming Procedure, b Suggested Minimum

Inside Diameter

D=4T D=6T

a ASTM A 514, Types H and F, and ASTM 517, Grades H and F. Reference 38.

b T = Thickness. D = Diameter of bend. c Longitudinal bend tests are made except when transverse bend

tests are specified.

This steel's mean coefficient of linear expansion per °F is 6.5 X 10- 6 in the range -50 to 150 F. Its yield strength in shear is approximately 58 per cent of its tensile yield, and its ultimate shear strength is approximately 75 per cent of its tensile strength.

Weldability is good with 100 per cent joint efficiency using AWS E11018 or equivalent electrodes, the submerged-arc process or the gas metal-arc process. Minimum preheat or interpass temperatures for these processes are given in Table XI.

0.9 Ni-0.5 Cr-0.5 Mo-.06 V-Cu-B Quenched and Tempered

This steel is Type Fin ASTM Specifications A 514 and Grade Fin A 517.57 Its composition and mechanical properties are given in Table XII. Additional data are presented in Figure 9. It is specified in plate thicknesses up to 2½ inches in A 517 but can be obtained commercially up to 6 inches. 38 Thicker plates may be obtained on special order. Cold-forming and cold-bend

TABLE XI

Minimum Preheat or lnterpass Temperatures for Welding 0.5 Nicket-0.5 Chromium-0.25 Molybdenum-.06 Vanadium-Boron and 0.9 Nickel-

0.5 Chromium-0.5 Molybdenum-.06 Vanadium-Copper-Boron Steel Plates3

Minimum Preheat or lnterpass Temperature, Fb

Shielded Thickness, Metal-Arc

in. Process

Up to½, incl 50c Over ½ to 1, incl 50c Over 1 to 2, incl 150 Over 2 200

a ASTM A 514, Types H and F, and ASTM 517, Grades H and F. Reference 38.

b A preheat temperature above the minimum shown may be required for highly restrained welds; low-hydrogen electrodes for shielded metalarc welding, as well as fluxes for submerged-arc

Submerged-Arc Process

Gas Alloy or Carbon- Carbon-Steel Metal-Arc Steel Wire, Wire, Process Neutral Flux Alloy Flux

50c soc 50c 50c 50c 200

150 150 300 200 200 400

welding and gases for gas metal-arc welding, must be properly dry.

c Welding at any initial temperature below 100 F will require extreme care to minimize moisture on the steel being welded.

TABLE XII

Composition and Mechanical Properties of 0.9 Nickel-0.5 Chromium-0.5 Molybdenum-.06 Vanadium-Copper-Boron Steel Plate with

Minimum Yield Strength of 100,000 psia,b

Thickness, in. 3/16 to 2½, incl Over 2½ to 4, incl Over 4 to 6, incl

Heat Treatment Water quench 1650-1750 F, temper 1100-1275 F

Tensile Properties Tensile Strength, psi Yield Strength, min, psi

Elongation (2 in.}, min, % c Reduction of Area, min, %

Plates ¾ in. and under Plates¾ in.

Impact Properties t Charpy V-Notch, min, ft-lb

At 0 For higher Below 0 to -50 F

115,000-135,000 100,000

Long. Trans. 18 16

40d 35d 50e 45e 40d 35d

30 20 20 15

105,000-135,000 105,000-135,000 90,000 90,000

Long. Trans. Long. 17 15 16

50e 45e 45e

a Composition, % : _C"'-----'M""n-'--------"S-'--i __ .:..N:..:.i __ ....:C:..:.r __ --"M-'--'o'-------=--V __ ...cC-=--u-----"-B-(Reference 57) 0.10- 0.60- 0.15- 0.70- 0.40- 0.40- .03- 0.15- .002-

0.20 1.00 0.35 1.00 0.65 0.60 .08 0.50 .006 b ASTM A 514, Type F, and ASTM A 517, Grade F.

Reference 38. c For plates under 5/16 inch, a deduction in

elongation of 1.25% (but not exceeding 3%) shall be made for each reduction of 1/32 inch in thicknesses below 5/16 inch.

d Measured on 1½-inch wide full-thickness rec-

17

tangular specimen (Fig. 4, ASTM A 370), which is mandatory for plate ¾-inch thick and under.

e Measured on ½-inch diameter specimen (Fig. 6, ASTM A 370).

f Applicable to Pressure Vessel Quality and higher when specified on the order.

properties are given in Table X. In the Drop-Weight test, its Nil-Ductility-Transition (NDT) temperature is -130 to -30 F for½ to 2 ½-inch plates. It must pass the Drop-Weight test for service temperature below

. -20 F. In the explosion-bulge test, its Fracture-Transition"Elastic (FTE) temperature is -60 to -40 F, respectively, for ½ to 2-inch plates. It must meet a transverse Charpy V-notch lateral expansion of .015 in. at the lowest temperature of use or design. 2 Charpy V-notch energy absorption and fracture appearance are recorded for information.

The mean coefficient of linear expansion is 6.5 X 10- 6 per °Fin the range -SO to 150 F and 7.7 X 10- 6

in the range 70 to 1300 F. Its yield and tensile strengths in shear are, respectively, 58 and 75 per cent of its tensile strength in tension. Its rotating-beam fatigue ( endurance) limit for a polished specimen is approximately 50 per cent of its tensile strength, as expected. Its creep-rupture strength at 800 F is three times that of carbon steel.

~ ... -~ .,:; ., c:: oal ... C: 0 ;:;:;

I ·;;; Cl.

Q Q

l=

"' "' e in

:m

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Tensile s•:ength

0.9 Ni-1.2 Cu-.03 Cb Hot Rolled and Aged 1000-1050 F 1 hour Note: Longitudinal specimens. Some transverse

tensiles are included.

Tensile Data (Round and flat specimens from 0.25 to 0.75-in. plate l

Elong

(2 in. or 4D)

Red. Area

C .02-.06

Welded joint efficiency is 100 per cent using AWS El1018 or an equivalent electrode, the submerged-arc process or the gas metal-arc process. The minimum preheat or interpass temperatures are listed in Table XI .

0.9 Ni-1.2 Cu-.03 Cb-Hot Rolled and Aged

This steel is designed to develop its properties in the hot-rolled and aged condition. Its suggested composition is presented in Table XIII. It is intended primarily for light plate, 0.25 to 0.50-inch thick. However, with

TABLE XIII

Suggested Composition for 0.9 Nickel-1.2 Copper.03 Columbium Steel

Carbon, % . . . . . . . . .06 max Manganese, % . . . . . 0.40-0.65 Silicon, % . . . . . . . . . 0.20-0.35

Nickel, % ......... 0.70-1.00

Mn 0.45-0.60

pt st Si Ni .004- .015- 0.18- 0.74-.007 .020 0.30 0.87

1 For commercial heats only.

Copper, % . . . . . . . . 1.00-1.30 Columbium, % . . . . . .03 min

Cu Cb Al 1.05- .03- .02-1.32 .06 .06


70 F

Charpy Impact (V-Notchl (0.4 and 0.5-ilt plate)

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

=¥ ~

= !:l 0 z I

=:::: ..... <.> ... Cl.

.§ >-e ...

..c: (.)

Fig. 10. Typical mechanical properties of three commercial and seven laboratory heats of 0.9 nickel-1.2 copper-.03 columbium steel plate. 59• 60

18

higher nickel and copper and/ or a molybdenum addition, similar properties can be achieved in plate up to 0.75 inch. Its high strength, relative to the conventional nickel-copper high-strength low-alloy steels, is derived largely from the effect of columbium and from precipitation of copper on aging at 1050 F for one hour. 59- 64

Nickel provides toughness and improves hot workability at this relatively high copper level. Columbium contributes to fine grains; a ferrite grai~ size of ASTM 13 is common.

Mechanical Properties

Representative tensile and impact properties for this steel are given in Figure 10, which shows yield points up to 90,000 psi and toughness adequate for ambient temperature applications. The steel can develop yield strengths up to 100,000 psi, depending on plate thickness and alloy content. A relatively high uniform elongation permits severe cold forming; in fact, it is usually possible to bend plate 90 degrees or more over a diameter equal to one half its thickness, up to 0.75-inch thick, in both longitudinal and transverse directions. Fatigue-type tests indicate a fatigue limit of about 50 per cent of the tensile strength, as expected.

Weldability

This steel is well adapted to flame cutting, flame straightening, etc., because it develops no hard ( martensitic) spots when heated locally. A further benefit

TABLE XIV

Composition and Mechanical Properties of Commercial 1.4 Nickel-0.5 Molybdenum-Boron Steel Plate with Minimum Yield Strength of l 00,000 psi a, b

Thickness, max, in.

Heat Treatment

Mechanical Properties Tensile Strength, psi Yield Strength (0.2% Offset), min, psi Elongation (2 in.l, longitudinal, min, % Reduction of Area, longitudinal, min, % Brinell Hardness (typical) Charpy Impact (V-Notch), longitudinal

or transverse, ft-lb

2

Water quench 1650-1700 F, temper 1100 For higher

115,000-135,000 100,000

18C 40d, 50d 235-293

15 at-50 Fe

a ASTM A 514, Type M, and ASTM A 517, Grade M. Reference 65. C Mn Si Ni Mo B

b Composition, %: 0.12- 0.45- 0.20- 1.20- 0.45- .001-0.21 0.70 0.35 1.50 0.60 .005

• For plates under 5/16 inch in thickness, a reduction in elongation of 1.25% (but not exceeding 3%) shall be made for each decrease of 1/32 inch in thickness under 5/16 inch.

d If full-section flat specimens are used, 40% applies. If a standard, machined, round specimen is used, 50% applies.

e Impact tests, when required, apply only to Firebox and higher qualities. For plates lighter than ½-inch thick, minimum energy values are reduced according to test specimen size. Longitudinal and/or transverse may be specified.

19

of its low carbon content is that the weldability of the 0.9 nickel-1.2 copper-.03 columbium steel is as good as that of carbon steel.

A joint efficiency of 100 per cent has been achieved by the submerged-arc, manually deposited coated-electrode, and gas metal-arc processes. This steel is insensitive to under-bead cracking caused by hydrogen. Preheating is not required; in fact, using manual electrodes held in an extremely humid environment and not dried before welding, sound welds have been made in 0.5-inch plate at temperatures as low as -60 F.

Completely reversed-flexure (cantilever) fatigue tests of as-welded plate ( not ground) show a fatigue limit of 37,000 psi, which is more than double that of other as-welded structural steels tested under the same conditions.

1.4 Ni-0.5 Mo-B-Quenched and Tempered Composition and Properties

Suggested composition and mechanical properties of this steel are listed in Table XIV. It is Type M of ASTM Specification A 514 and Grade M of A 517. It is recommended for plate thickness to 2 inches. Coldforming data and cold-bend properties are given in Table XV. Its mean coefficient of linear expansion is 6.2 X 10- 6 per °Fin the range 32 to 212 F. The fatigue limit is 60 per cent of its tensile strength. Its yield strength in shear is 60 per cent of its tensile yield, and ultimate shear strength is 75 per cent of its tensile strength.

TABLE XV

Cold-Bend Test and Cold-Forming Procedure for 1.4 Nickel-0.5 Molybdenum-Boron Steel Platea

Thickness, in.

Up to 1, incl 1 to 2, incl

Cold-Bend Test,b ASTM

180°, D = 2T 180°, D = 3T

Cold-Forming Procedure, b,c Suggested Minimum

Inside Diameter

D=4T D=6T

aASTM A 514, Type M, and ASTM A 517, Grade M. Reference 65. b T = Thickness of specimen or plate. D = Diameter of bend. • Applies if improved formability is required and this steel is ordered

to 100,000-115,000 psi yield strength and minimum tensile strength is waived.

This steel can be heat treated to various minimum hardness levels (321, 340 or 360 Brinell) to increase its abrasion resistance. In this case all other properties will differ form those associated with its normal condition of heat treatment.

Welding

Welded joint efficiency with AWS El2018-M electrode or equivalent electrodes* is 100 per cent. The selection of the welding electrode is normally made to match the tensile properties of the plate. When notch toughness is the major criterion, E12018-M electrodes are recommended because they provide notch toughness equivalent to the base plate. The recommended arc-welding procedure is given in Table XVI.

TABLE XVI

Recommended Arc Welding Procedure for 1.4 Nickel-0.5 Molybdenum-Boron Steel Platea

Thickness, in.

To 1, incl Over 1 to 1 ¼, incl Over 1¼ to 2, incl

Minimum Preheat,b Low Hydrogen Type F El 10 or El 20 Electrode

50 Class 15, 16 or 18 100 Class 15, 16 or 18 200 Class 15, 16 or 18

a ASTM A 514, Type M, and ASTM A 517, Grade M. Reference 65. b Welding of massive or highly restrained parts may require addi

tional preheat, weld sequence control, or peening.

1.4 Ni-1 Cr-0.5 Mo-B-Quenched and Tempered

The 1.4 nickel-0.5 molybdenum-boron steel has been modified by adding 1.0 per cent chromium to provide a grade with enough hardenability for a plate thickness of 2½ inches. This steel is Type Pin ASTM A 514 and Grade Pin A 517.

1.4 Ni-1.3 Cr-0.35 Mo-0.7 Cu-Cb or V-Hot Rolled

The composition and mechanical properties of this steel are shown in Table XVII. It is a fine-grain type of steel used in the hot-rolled condition which provides a bainitic microstructure. Formability is good and weldability is excellent. It has four times the abrasion resistance and six times the atmospheric resistance of structural carbon steel.

This steel can be welded readily by all arc processes. Close control of heat input is not required. Alloy content is sufficient to resist over-tempering of the heataffected zone and carbon content is low enough to avoid hardening during welding. For ¾-inch plate preheated to 300 F, for example, heat input as high as 100,000 joules/in. has not caused loss of strength in the heataffected zone. Tests also show that weldments made by

* Because these electrodes contain vanadium, stress relief of their weldments is not recommended because some loss of toughness may be encountered.

20

production processes are at least as strong as the base plate. In addition, the steel can be stress relieved at 1000 to 1150 F without adverse effects on properties.

TABLE XVII

Composition and Mechanical Properties of 1.4 Nickel-1.3 Chromium-0.35 Molybdenum-

0.7 Copper-Columbium or Vanadium Steel Plate with Minimum Yield Strength of 100,000 psi in

Hot-Rolled Condition

Composition, % (Typical) Carbon Manganese Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Aluminum Columbium or Vanadium

Thickness, max, in.

Heat Treatment

Tensile Properties Tensile Strength, min, psi Yield Strength (0.2% Offset), min, psi Elongation (2 in.l, min, psi

Brinell Hardness

Fatigue (Endurance) Limit,* psi

Impact (Transverse) Charpy (V-Notch), min, ft-lb

Cold Bend <ASTM A 370)

0.12 1.30 .015 .020

0.30 1.40 1.30 0.35 .04

.05 or .08

Hot Rolled

140,000 100,000

18

320

60,000-70,000

15 at -20 F

2T**

• Axially loaded machined specimen in tension-compression load cycles, N = 107 and R=-1.

** Longitudinal or transverse, T = Thickness. Note: Data from Republic Steel Corporation.

2.6 Ni-1.4 Cr-0.4 Mo-HY-80 Quenched and Tempered

Specification MIL-S-16216G(SHIPS), "Steel Plate, Structural, High Yield Strength," applies to a highstrength, high-toughness plate steel developed initially for heavy naval hull plate. 53 - 55 It is known widely as HY-80 and its composition and tensile requirements are listed in Table XVIII. Table XIX covers impact requirements. Figure 11 gives some tensile and impact properties in plate thicknesses up to 12 inches. Figure 12 shows how the mechanical properties of HY-80 meet the MIL-S-16216G(SHIPS) specification.

Considerable data are available on the welding of HY-80. 67-7° HY-80 is normally welded successfully in all positions with stick electrodes or by the shielded metal-arc process. It can be welded also by the semi-

140

120

·;;; C. ..

100 en e! .;;

80

60

40

30

~ 20 c 0

~ "" C 0 10 Lij

0 0

I 0~5 Mn 0.28

...__ -

TABLE XVIII

Specification Requirements for Composition and Tensile Properties of Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Steel Plates HY-80 and HY-100

Steel 2.6 Ni-1.4 Cr-0.4 Mo (0.18 Cl 2.9 Ni-1.4 Cr-0.4 Mo (0.20 Cl Type HY-80 HY-100 Specification MIL-S-16216G (SHIPS) MIL-S-16216G (SHIPS)

Composition,a % Carbon 0.18 maxb 0.20 max Manganese 0.10-0.40 0.10-0.40 Phosphorus c .025 max .025 max Sulfurc .025 max .025 max Silicon 0.15-0.35 0.15-0.35 Nickel 2.00-3.25 2.25-3.50 Chromium 1.00-1.80 1.00-1.80 Molybdenum 0.20-0.60 0.20-0.60

Heat Treatment Quenchd and temper 1100 F min Quench d and temper 1050 F min

Tensile Properties Plate Less than Plate% in. Plate Less than Plate% in. %in. and Over % in. and Over

Tensile Strength, psi Recorde Recorde Recorde Recorde Yield Strength (0.2% Offset), psi 80,000-100,000 80,000-95,000 100,000-120,000 100,000-115,000 Elongation (2 in.l, min, % 19 20 18 18 Reduction of Area, min, %

Longitudinal - 55 - 50 Transverse - 50 - 45

a Maximum % permitted: .02 Ti, .03 V, 0.25 Cu. b Add .02% carbon for HY-80 plates 6 inches

thick and over.

ceed .045%. d The quench must produce at least 80% mar

tensite. • Phosphorus and sulfur together shall not ex-

I HY-80 I

Tensile Strength

Water Spray Quench Tempered 1150 F

1 hr per in. of thickness

p s Si Ni .016 .015 0.19 2.86

Elongation

!l

----Cr Mo I

1.72 0.44

J :-,

~

50

0

..... 'i:: 0 ·;;; C .. C.

~

-50 ~ !l .. ...

e! .s ; 150 c.

E {!!. C C :;::;

-200 -~ .. ,=

•Tobe recorded for information only.

automatic or automatic inert-gas metal-arc process in the horizontal or flat position. 69 U. S. Navy requirements can be met by using the submerged arc with either spray or short-circuiting transfer. 70 The steel has been fabricated in plates as heavy as 16 inches employing the submerged-arc process.

2.9 Ni-1.4 Cr-0.4 Mo-HY-100 Quenched and Tempered

This slightly higher nickel grade also is covered in MIL-S-16216G (SHIPS). It develops a higher yield strength (100,000 psi) than HY-80 but is limited to plate thicknesses of 3 inches or less. Composition and tensile requirements are given in Table XVIII and impact requirements are covered in Table XIX.

TABLE XIX

Impact Requirements for Nickel-ChromiumMolybdenum Steel Plates HY-80 and HY-100a

Specimen Test Charpy Impact Thickness, Size, Temperature, IV-Notch), min, b

in. mm F ft-lb :#' ~ I --- ,c\\at\\'I I Under½ 10 x 5 (½ size) -120 C

½ to 2 10 X 10 -120 50 2 4 6 8 10 12

250 Over 2 10 X 10 -120 30

Plate Thickness, in. a Specification MIL-S-16216G (SHIPS).

Fig. 11. Tensile and impact properties of HY-80 steel at 0.5 to 12-inch plate thicknesses.56

b No single test of the three required shall be below the minimum average required by more than 5 foot pounds.

• Tests with half-size Charpy specimens are required for information only. Tests are not required for plate less than ¼-inch thick.

21

120

"i 100

g 80 S!

i 60 ti,

40

20

Tensile Strength Yield

Strength

HY-80 Water Quenched and Tempered

1100 to 1150 F 1 and 4-in. Plate

Fig. 12. Representative mechanical properties of l and 4-inch plate of nickel-chromium-molybdenum HY-80 steel and how they compare with the minima in the standard specification, MIL-S- l 62 l 6G(SHIPS), for this steel.38, 52, 66

3 to 4 Ni-1.8 Cr-0.5 Mo-.03 V Quenched and Tempered

The plate steel designated as ASTM A 543 in Table XXXIV, pages 38 and 39, is essentially similar to several compositions that have given good service in large forgings such as the turbine and generator rotors that are discussed in another bulletin.* For plate normally 2 inches or more in thickness, the composition provides high tensile properties and good notch tough-

* Bulletin 3-A: "Nickel Alloy Steels for Heavy Forgings."

TABLE XX

Typical Tensile Properties and Transition Temperatures of 3.5 Nickel-1.6 Chromium-

0.32 Molybdenum-0.10 Vanadium Steel Platea

Heat Treatment

Tensile Properties Tensile Strength, psi Yield Strength, psi

.01 % Offset 0.2% Offset 0.5% Offset

Elongation (2 in.), % Reduction of Area, %

Transition Temperatures FATTc (Charpy V-Notchl, F 30 ft-lb (Charpy V-Notchl, F NOTd (Drop Weight Test), F

1050 FTemperb

167,000

141,000 156,000 161,000

17 60

-5 -50

-120

a Reference 71. Composition (Near ASTM A 543), %: C 0.17 Cr 1.63 P .004 Mn 0.34 Mo 0.32 S .010 Si 0.22 V 0.10 Al .005 Ni 3.53 Cu 0.11 Ti .005

N .008

1100 FTemperb

139,000

123,000 130,000 131,000

20 65

-120 -150 -150

Sn .012 As .006 Sb .002 0 .002

b 4½-inch plate 1500 F, water quenched before tempering. c FATT = Fracture Appearance Transition Temperature (50% shear

fracture). d NDT = Nil-Ductility Transition.

22

ness, especially for pressure vessels and other structures in nuclear power plant applications. ASME Code Case 1358 accepts it for nuclear pressure vessels at 85,000 psi minimum yield strength. Its alloy content gives sufficient hardenability to develop high mechanical properties even at the center of plates 12 inches or more in thickness.

Properties

Minimum yield strengths are specified in ASTM A 543 at 85,000 and 100,000 psi. The tensile and toughness properties of a slightly modified composition are presented in Table XX. This steel displays good notch toughness, particularly if cooled rapidly from tempering or postweld heat treatments, as illustrated by the relatively low transition temperatures in Table XX and by the as-quenched-and-tempered curve in Figure 13. If cooling from these tempering temperatures is

-100 I I

I

Test Temperature, C

-50 0 I

f-- f- 3 to 4 Ni - 1.8 Cr - 0.5 Mo - .03 V _

80

70

60

.c,

J ~ 50 -= <> 'o :z:

I ~ 40 -<> "' C. E

i30 "' -= c.,

20

f-- f-

/ 10 /

0 -200

/ /

Quenched and Tempered 4 and 8-in. Plate -

I I --

Quenched ,/ ......-,

:

and Tempered/ I -

I Aged 9

I Months --

J ./ ,,. I

i

I I/ / / V Aged 14

' / Months

I J \)' I ,

~Quenched , J )

/ V I/ and Tempered

+ Aged at 665 F

I

-100 0 Test Temperature, F

-

-

-

-

I

I

I

:

i 100

Fig. 13. Minimum longitudinal impact data at¼ plate thickness for 3 to 4 nickel-1.8 chromium-0.5 molybdenum-.03 vanadium steel (ASTM A 543) as water quenched and tempered and after aging at 665 F.36

slow, the notch toughness may be lessened somewhat. In long-time elevated-temperature tests, no deterioration of strength or toughness was observed after 12 months at 600 F. 71 However, notch toughness is decreased by service exposure above 600 F, as shown by the two right-hand curves in Figure 13. Short-time tensile data for the temperature range O to 1200 F are presented in Figure 14.

Welding

Development of a suitable weld metal for this steel for nuclear applications is in progress. One composition showing some promise is a low-copper ( .02 per cent) weld metal containing, in per cent: .06 carbon, 0.94 manganese, .012 phosphorus, .016 sulfur, .03 silicon, 0.7 nickel, 2.1 chromium, 1 molybdenum and .02 vanadium.72

Test Temperature, C

250 O 100

' ' 200 300 400 500 600 700

- ~ 3.5 Ni - 1.6 Cr - 0.3 Mo - 0.10 V - I----

~I- Air Cooled from 1750 F -1------

1------1- Water Quenched from 1500 F -~

200 -- Tempered 1050 F, 4 ½ hr, Water Quenched -I----

4 ½-in. Plate ~- -~

I 1'..

150 ·;;; Cl.

Q Q

~ ,,; Cl)

f!

r---... I ....... .... -r--~ilest

re11gft, I',.._ --,:.:::__

'fields~ r---..._ trengtt, r.

! 0.2% ;;;;: .... 1'. · Set},

1'. ~!,.

i;; 100

,,'\ I'\' 100

Composition: Given in Table XX -,v

v \\ 80

~ .; .,

50

Reduction of r,.rea__ i..-,.... ,, ,-

' c

60 ... ., "' ail

) 40 c ~

Elongation ~V

-...

20 C: C jjj

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 0

Test Temperature, F

Fig. 14. Short-time elevated-temperature transverse tensile properties at ¼ plate thickness of 3.5 nickel-1.6 chromium-0.3 molybdenum-0.1 vanadium steel plate (ASTM A 543 modified). 71

23


An 8 per cent nickel steel has been developed for plate applications requiring low-temperature service down to -275 F. The steel is water quenched from 1475 F and tempered at 1050 to 1125 F, followed by cooling or water quenching at a rate not less than 300°F per hour. The maximum plate thickness is 2 inches. The steel is described in ASTM A 553, Grade B, and Table XXI gives the composition, tensile and impact requirements. This steel has been approved by the ASME Code for pressure vessel construction.

Properties

Representative tensile properties are shown in Figure 15 where they can be compared with the requirements of A 553, Grade B. Figure 16 shows that in the Charpy V-notch impact test this steel greatly exceeds the requirement of a .015-inch lateral expansion at -275 F for transverse specimens.

8 Nickel

Tensile

110 Strength Yield

Quenched and Tempered

Note: Longitudinal and transverse specimens

Strength are included. <0.2 % Offset)

100 \ C .08-.09 \

90 \ Mn 0.39-0.41

p .002-.005 s .013-.014

80 \ Si 0.20-0.21 I

Ni 7.50-7.70 \ 70 \ (Composition range of

I plates tested) ·;;; \ c,.

Q 60 \ 30 0

~ \ ,,; \ Cl)

50 25 ~ en

40 ASTM A 553 20 ll's

Grade B .5

15 ~

30 = C :;::: "' ...

20 10 = C jjj

10 5

0 0

Tensile Data: Range for 3 plates %, ½ and ¾-in. thick.

Fig. 15. Representative tensile properties for quenched and tempered 8 per cent nickel steel plate and how they compare with the minima specified in ASTM A 553.73

90

80

70

~ 60

.J:

.i=l 0 z 50 I ::: - 40 "' "' § e: 30 "' .J: u

20

10

0

Energy Absorption at -275 F

Long.

Trans

Supplementary Requirement

8 Nickel Quenched and Tempered Composition: Same as Fig. 15

Lateral Expansion at -275 F

Long.

Trans

Impact Data: Range of 2 plates % and ¾-in. thick.

60

50 .!!l

40 .E g ·;;; C

30 "' ... >< .... 20 1:!

!! "' ....I

10

0

TABLE XXI

8 Per Cent and 9 Per Cent Nickel Steel Plates in Water Quenched and Tempered Condition for

Pressure Vessels

ASTM Specification A 553 A 553 Grade A Grade B

Composition, % Carbon 0.13 max 0.13 max Manganese 0.90 max 0.90 max Silicon 0.15-0.30 0.15-0.30 Nickel 8.50-9.50 7.50-8.50

Thickness, irr. 2max 2max

Tensile Properties Tensile Strength, psi Yield Strength (0.2% Offset},

100,000-120,000 100,000-120,000

min, psi 85,000 85,000 Elongation (2 in.l, min, % 20 20

Charpy Impact IV-Notch) Energy Absorbed.a min, ft-lb

Longitudinal 25 at -320 F 25 at -275 F Transverse 20 at -320 F 20 at -275 F

Lateral Expansion,b min, in. .015 at -320 F .015 at -275 F

Fig. 16. Representative Charpy V-notch impact data on 8 per cent nickel steel plate and how they compare with the minima specified in ASTM A 553.73

a Average of 3 specimens. Supplementary requirement. b Required on each specimen. Note: These data appear also in Table XXXIV, pages 38 and 39.

Tensile

120 Strength

110

100

90

80

·;;; 70 ... c:::, c:::, S2 .,;-

60 "' f! .;;

50

40

30

20

10

0

9 Nickel Quenched and Tempered


C Mn .06- 0.44-

0.10 0.61

p .005-.018

s .008-.020

Si Ni 0.22- 8.60-0.49 9.45


h------- Red. Area ________ _,

I I I

Elong

24

Fig. 17. Representative tensile and impact properties for a number of quenched and

90 tempered plates of 9 per cent nickel steel ... ~ and how these properties compare with

80 :i: the specified minima.34, 42-44, 74-76 .i=l 0 z

70 I ::: -"' "' 60 § >,

e 50 ~ u

I -~ 40

.,; ., < -g

30 "' "" ci Quenched and Tempered: 1450-1475 F, water quenched, .... 1060-1100 F, water quenched. 20 0 C: Tensile Data: Range of 17 plates 0.4 to 2-in. thick. ·1

10 <:::! Charpy Impact Data: Range of 15 plates ... 0.4 to 1-in. thick. C .2 * Supplementary requirement, longitudinal. ....

0

Welding

Plates %-inch thick welded by the manual shielded metal-arc process with !NCO-WELD A Electrodes develop -275 F Charpy V-notch impact properties of the weld metal and the weld heat-affected zone that match or exceed those of the base metal. The steel meets radiographic quality, joint efficiency, and bend ductility requirements satisfactorily. Crack-starter explosion-bulge performance is excellent for base plate and butt-welded plate, both with and without postweld stress relief, with Fracture-Transition-Elastic (FTE) temperatures below -275 F.


Quenched and tempered plates of low-carbon 9 per cent nickel steel come under ASTM A 553, Grade A, which requires a minimum yield strength of 85,000 psi. This specification includes plate thicknesses only up to 2 inches and Table XXI gives the composition, tensile

· and impact requirements. ASTM A 553 gives details on procedures for heat

treatment. Briefly, heat treatment consists of water quenching from 1475 F, tempering at 1050 to 1125 F, and air cooling or water quenching at a rate not less than 300°F per hour.

9 Nickel Quenched and Tempered

80 Energy Absorption

=f 70

=-60 .c .s 0 50 z: I ~ 40 .... [ 30 E

at -320 F

Lateral Expansion at -320 F

Trans long.

Fracture Appearance, Broken at -320 F

long. 80 ~

i 70 =-t,

60 £: "' 50 ~ "' I

40 ~

30 § ·.; C

20 g:_ -;:_ 20 e ~

10 '"§ !l

O l--;:::=:!:='=='==:::::::===~=:;;:=====;---J O !l Impact Data: Range of 4 plates ½ and ¾-in. thick.

ASTMA

Supplementary 61;]; A Requrement

"' c3 10

C Mn .08- 0.44-

0.10 0.50

p .005-.012

s .008-.013

Si Ni 0.22- 8.60-0.24 8.86


Fig. 18. Charpy impact properties of quenched and tempered 9 per cent nickel steel plate at -320 F and how they compare with those specified in ASTM A 553.77

25

Properties

Some typical tensile properties and longitudinal impact data are given in Figure 17, which also shows the minimum values in the specification. ASME,2 Table UHT-23, indicates maximum allowable design stresses of 22,700 psi for parent metal and 21,500 psi for weldments, both for temperatures not exceeding 250 F. Alternatively, ASME, 3 Table AQT-1, indicates maximum allowable design stresses of 33,300 psi for parent metal and 31,600 psi for welded plate, both for temperatures not exceeding 250 F. For low-pressure storage tanks for liquefied natural gas, the American Petroleum Institute allows a maximum design stress of 28,500 psi, based on 30 per cent of the 95,000 psi minimum tensile strength of the deposited weld metal. 18 In all of the above cases, welded design values are based on the use of austenitic nickel-chromium-iron alloys that under-match the base plate in strength.

Figure 18 shows ( 1) that the .015-inch lateral· expansion specified for transverse Charpy V-notch specimens is exceeded substantially, and (2) that the supplementary requirements for absorbed energy are met easily for both longitudinal and transverse specimens. Figure 18 also provides data on the fracture appearance of broken Charpy specimens.

Welding

The welding of 9 per cent nickel steel in the quenched and tempered condition is similar to that already covered for this steel in the double-normalized and tempered condition in the 50,000 to 75,000 psi minimum yield strength section. No postweld stress relief is required.

NICKEL-CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM STEEL PLATES FOR 130,000 TO 140,000 PSI MINIMUM

YIELD STRENGTH

5 Ni-0.5 Cr-0.5 Mo-.07V-HY-130/140(T) Quenched and Tempered

This quenched and tempered 0.10 per cent carbon steel, containing 5 nickel-0.5 chromium-0.5 molybdenum-.07 vanadium, is capable of developing a minimum yield strength of 130,000 or i40,000 psi ( depending on tempering temperature) with an optimum combination of toughness, hardenability, weldability, formability and fatigue properties in plate thicknesses through 4 inches. 20 • 79-ioo

Composition and Properties

MIL-S-243 71 covers the composition, heat treatment and mechanical properties of the HY-130 grade with its minimum yield strength of 130,000 psi. On oc-

casion the same steel is furnished to a minimum yield strength of 140,000 psi. When so required, it has been designated HY-140(T) although a standard specifi-

cation for the higher strength has not been issued. The higher strength is obtained by modifying the heat treatment only.

200

180

160

'jg_ 140 c:::,

~ 120 ~-vi 100

80

60

TABLE XXII

Specified Composition and Quenched and Tempered Tensile Properties of 5 Nickel-0.5 Chromium-0.5 Molybdenum-.07 Vanadium (0.10 Carbon)

HY-130/140(1) Steel Platea,b

Thickness, in. % to 9/ 16, inclusive % to 4, inclusive

Designation HY-130 HY-140ffi HY-130 HY-140ffi MIL-S-24371 MIL-S-24371

(SHIPS) (SHIPS)

Tensile Properties (Transverse) For information only For information only Tensile Strength, psi

Yield Strength (0.2% Offset), psi 130,000-150,000 I 140,000-160,000 130,000-145,000 140,000-155,000 Elongation (2 in.l, min, % Reduction of Area, min, %

Transverse Through Thickness

a Reference 38.

b Composition, % : C

0.12 max

Mn 0.60-0.90

l4c l4c 15d

For information only 50 - I - 2oe

P S Si Ni Cr .010 .015 0.20- 4.75- 0.40-max max 0.35 5.25 0.70 Residuals are .02 Ti max and 0.25 Cu max.

Mo 0.30-0.65

15d

50 -

c ASTM E 8 Sheet Specimen (Fig. 6). A reduc- d ASTM E 8 Standard Specimen (Fig. 8).

V .05-

0.10

tion !)f 1.25% from the percentage of elongation e A through-thickness test is required for plates ~pec1f1ed shall bE; !"'ade for each decrease of }./32 2 inches and greater in thickness, using a 0.625-inc,:h of the_ spec1f1ed thickness under 5/ 16 inch; in. diameter specimen. this reduction shall not exceed 3%.

Temperature, C

-150 -100 -50 0

120 n I I I

~ HY-130 HY-130

a!3 100 J ,.:; 80

Charpy Impact I ~Y Absorb~d C---- (V-Notch) ~ 1/ I

50

Yield Tensile strength

5/s to 4- in. Plate, incl Water Quenched 1500 F Tempered 1040-1100 F

Water Quenched 160 1l

0 z 140 ~

60 C .... "' ., 40 -e

/1 ~ Spe~ified _.,/

Strength (0.2 % Offset)

Longitudinal

~ Transverse

I \

\ Elong

Data represent many heats and plates.

Charpy Impact at OF

* Specification MIL-S-24371

.... 120 [

.5 100 e:

"' ..,::

80 1 \;". ... -1!!

40 : ., "" 20 o11

Cl

::!: ... C 0 ;:;::;

0

"' .., 20 <

0

ls"- 100

e 15 .a

NDT

i...--

I/

Minimum ft-lb at OF

i

l I

l7 Fracture Appearance

~ 50 ... ~ 25 A

..,::

"' 0

~ 100

g 75 ·;;; C

:li. 50 ~

~ 25 !l !I 0

I___.....

___,..,,, ... -320 -240 -160

NOT

7 y ..,.... Lateral Expansion

' INDT

-80 0 80 Temperature, F

100

160 240 Fig. 19. Representative mechanical properties of 5 nickel-0.5 chromium-0.5 molybdenum-.07 vanadium (0.10 carbon) HY-130 steel and how they compare with the specified minima in MIL-S-24371 (Tables XXII and XXlll).ss,s1,s9,90,95 Fig. 20. Charpy V-notch impact test results for HY-130 steel.95

26

The composition, heat treatment and tensile properties for both the 130,000 and 140,000 psi grades are given in Table XXII. Impact properties are shown in Table XXIII. Figure 19 gives the results of extensive tensile and impact testing and shows how these properties meet the specified values listed in Tables XXII and XXIII. Figure 20 provides impact data in terms of energy absorbed, fracture appearance and lateral expansion. The steel was designed to have very high resistance to crack propagation in heavy sections down

to about -80 F.

TABLE XXIII

General information on HY-130/140(T) is given in Table XXIV, covering pertinent metallurgical characteristics and physical properties. The Drop-Weight (DW) test shows a Nil-Ductility-Transition (NDT) temperature of -120 F for this steel, 95 when tested per ASTM E 208-63T. Dynamic Tear (DT) test data are summarized in Figure 21. The typical fracturemechanics value for K1c is 270,000 psi y'in. in the longitudinal direction at room temperature. 20

Specified Impact Properties of 5 Nickel- 8000 The correlations with performance in the explosion tear test in the presence of 2-inch flaws are indicated by crosshatched lines and legend below . 0.5 Chromium-0.5 Molybdenum-.07 Vanadium

(0.10 Carbon) HY-130/140(T) Steel Platea

Thickness, in.

Less than½ ½ to 4, incl

Specimen Size, mm

10 x 5 (½ size) 10 X 10

Charpy Impact IV-Notch), Longitudinal and Transverse,b

min, ft-lb

HY-130 I HY-140(T)

For information only c 60 at O F to I 50. at O F Room Tempd

a Source, composition and specification status are given in Table XXII.

b Transverse tests are made perpendicular to the final direction of rolling.

.c T :t::

~ 6000 ., .l:i :a ~ 4000 .c b/l

j I e 2000

C

RD = Rolling Direction

Yield Strength, 1000 psi

o Tests are not required for plates less than ¼-inch thick. d The average ft-lb at room temperature (70 F min) shall not exceed

by more than 10 ft-lb the average at O F.

Fig. 21. Summary of Dynamic Tear and yield-strength relationships for steels, showing values for HY-130 steel.31 , 95

TABLE XXIV

General Information on 5 Nickel-0.5 Chromium-0.5 Molybdenum.07 Vanadium (0.10 Carbon) HY-130/140(T) Steel Platea

Ac, temperature, F ............................................. . Ac3 temperature, F ............................................. . Ms temperature, F ............................................. . Recommended final austenitizing temperature, F ...................... . Recommended quenching media ................................... . Recommended tempering temperature range, F ....................... .

Microstructure (as quenched) Midthickness of ½-in. thick plate ................................ . Midthickness of 4-in. thick plate .........................•...•••.•

Coefficient of linear expansion/° F (80-1100 F) ....................... . Density (at 30 Cl (86 Fl, g/cc ..................................... . Compressive yield strength (0.2% offset), psi ....................... .

Magnetic Properties Bsat (Flux density at saturation}, gausses ...................•....... H sat (Magnetizing force for saturation), oersteds .................... . Br (Residual flux density), gausses (when Bmax = 15,000 gausses) ..•.•. He (Coercive force), oersteds (when Bmax = 15,000 gausses) ...••. Permeability max ........•......•.....••......•.........•••••..

a Reference 85.

27

1210 1415 715

1500 Water 1000 to 1140

Martensite 60 to 75% martensite, remainder bainite

7.3 X 10-s 7.89 About 1500-2000 psi higher than tensile yield strength

20,500 2,200

11,200 11.0 630

Welding

HY-130/140(T) has excellent heat-affected zone toughness as illustrated in Figure 22. This is the result of its high hardenability and low carbon content which contribute to the formation of a tough, ma1tensitic microstructure in the heat-affected zone over a practical range of welding conditions.

The status of the development of weld metals for joining high-strength steels, including HY-130/140-(T), was reviewed in 1969.20 Work has been continued and the compositions and mechanical properties of

Peak Temperature, C

600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 120 ,----,-,--,-~---,--,--.,-----rr--~--,,..-~---~

-= 80 .s 0 z: I ~ 60 -<> "' 0.

s 40 "" e-"' -= u 20

HY-130

t Distance Through Heat-Affected Zone A(. -----~I

=Tempered I Region I= Bond Line

0 .__ _ _,__--'-----''----'---__j_-_j__ _ __j_ __ L___J

1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 Peak Temperature, F

Fig. 22. Toughness of heat-affected zone of 0.5-inch HY-130 steel plate welded with a heat input of 47,000 joules per inch, no preheat. 90, 95

three weld metals developed for HY-130/140(T) are given in Table XXV. Data are presented for these three weld metals deposited from covered electrodes. and for one of them when deposited by the metal-arc inert-gas (MIG) process. Two of these weld metals were developed for use in the as-welded condition and one for use in the heat-treated ( quenched and tempered) condition.

Low-Cycle Fatigue

Low-cycle plastic-fatigue data are presented for the HY-130/140(T) steel and its weldments in Figure 23, which also shows a regression line summarizing the behavior of many steels.

0.1 .08 HY-130 ✓Regression Equation

(}"

.06 for All Steels

~€ -= .04 ~ET N0.34 = 0.17 '-' C: ::::: CJ ., ., -= .02 '-' ·= At 10 cycles ~

"" .01 C:

"' .008 ~ "" C: .006 -~ et1men ,~a t, .004 ;; oated Electrode .., I-

.002

.001 102 103 104 105

Number of Cycles to Failure

Fig. 23. Low-cycle plastic-fatigue data for HY-130 steel and its weldments compared with the regression line for many steels (not welded).87, 97

TABLE XXV

Composition and Typical Mechanial Properties of Weld Metals Developed for Welding HY-130/140(T) Steel a

Yield Tensile Strength Elong Red.

&harpy lmoact IV-Notch), ft-lb Weldin1 Strength, (0.2% Offset), (1 in.), Area, Prm;e,s psi psi % % -&OF OF 30F 70F

Weld Metal: 2 Mn-2 Nl-1 Cr-0.55 Mo, As Deposited 87, 89

Gas Metal Arc I 168,000 I 145,000 I 16 62 53 67 69 69b Covered Electrode 155,000 141,000 19 60 26 36 45 46b

Weld Metal: 3.5 Ni-0.5 Cr-0.75 Mo, As Depositedc Covered Electrode I 152,000 I 140,000 17 55 50 60 65 70

Weld Metal: 8.2 Ni-0.4 Cr-0.5 Mo, Heat Treated 4-in. Section c, d Covered Electrode I 160,000 I 147,000 I 18 58 49 51 54

a Weld Metal Composition, % Weld Metal Tl/]!e C Mn p s Si Ni Cr Mo Other 2 Mn-2 Ni-1 Cr-0.55 Mo .05- 1.8- .010 .010 0.25- 2.0- 0.8- 0.5· .01-

0.10 2.2 max max 0.45 2.5 1.2 0.6 .02Ti 3.5 Ni-0.5 Cr-0.75 Mo .08 1.0 .005 .005 0.35 3.5 0.5 0.75 8.2 Ni-0.4 Cr-0.5 Mo .09 0.6 .006 .004 0.45 8.2 0.4 0.5 .08V

bAt60F. • Data from The McKay Company (Teledyne), 1972. d Heat treatment: 1500 F, 1 hour, water quench, 1100 F, 1 hour, water quench. Note: At this high-strength level the hydrogen content of the weld metal must be kept extremely low to

prevent hydrogen-induced cracking. Preheat and interpass temperatures of 250-300 F are recommended for as-deposited weld metal and 350-400 F if weld metal is to be heat treated, both with enough delay time between passes to allow the hydrogen to escape.

28

NICKEL ALLOY STEEL PLATES FOR MINIMUM YIELD STRENGTHS OF 180,000 PSI AND HIGHER

Three types of low-alloy steels are available commercially in plate form at a yield strength of above 180,000 psi or higher. More highly alloyed steels that depend upon combined martensitic and aging treatments ( e.g., maraging) are not included in this bulletin. The 18 per cent nickel maraging steels at yield strengths of 200,000 to 300,000 psi and 12 per cent nickel maraging steel around the lower side of this range are covered in specifications ASTM A 538 and A 590. They are described in separate International Nickel publications.

0.5 Ni-1 Cr-1 Mo-0.1 V (0.47 C) Quenched and Tempered

This steel is covered by AMS 6438A specification which requires consumable-electrode vacuum melting for premium quality. The specified composition, heat treatment and mechanical properties are listed in Table XXVI. To achieve a minimum yield-strength level of 195,000 psi, carbon is maintained at 0.45 to 0.50 per cent with a consequent sacrifice in weldability. Tests indicate that 10-inch sections of this steel can be oil quenched and tempered to approximately 48 Rockwell C hardness without appreciable hardness variation from the surface to center.

TABLE XXVI

Specification Requirements for Composition and Mechanical Properties of Steel Plate with

Yield Strength of 195,000 psi

Steel Type Specification

Composition, % Carbon Manganese Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Vanadium Copper

Heat Treatment a

Mechanical Properties Tensile Strength, min, psi Yield Strength (0.2% Offset), min, psi Elongation (2 in.), min, % Rockwell C Hardness, min

0.5 Ni-1 Cr-1 Mo-0.1 V !0.47 Cl AMS 6438A

0.45-0.50 0.60-0.90 .015 max .015 max

0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.90-1.20 0.90-1.10 .08-0.15

0.35 max

Oil quench 1600-1650 F, stress relieve 400 F, air cool, temper 1000 F min, 4 hr, air cool

224,000 195,000

7 47

a Ac 1 = 1400 F. Ac 3 = 1450 F. For thicknesses up to 1 inch, normalize or oil quench from 1500-1550 F and temper.

29

Properties

The effect of tempering on tensile properties is given in Figure 24. Short-time tensile properties at elevated temperatures are presented in Figure 25. Table XXVII lists available impact data and Table XXVIII gives some notch-tensile data.

Reversed-bending fatigue tests of transverse specimens from material oil quenched and tempered at 107 5 F indicate an endurance limit of 110,000 psi for a tensile strength of 220,000 psi. The effect of test temperature on fatigue strength is indicated in Table XXIX.

Room-temperature K 1c values have been reported on 2-inch plate austenitized at 1625 F, cooled to 950 F, quenched to 400 F and double tempered. The Kie

values are 62,000 psi yin. for 650 F double tempering and 86,000 psi yin. for 1025 F.

Welding

The tungsten inert-gas (TIG) shielded-arc process, using wire of the same composition as the steel, produces welds with composition and hardness compara-

350

300

250 ·;;; .,.. C, C,

S! .; "' ~ t.i

200

150

100

Tempering Temperature, C

100 200 300 400 500 600 700

600 " I I I I I' I 'I

AMS 6438A -' \. "' 0.5 Ni-1 Cr-1 Mo-0.1 V <0.47 Cl -~"'

\ \. - Q)

GL§ 1-in. Section ·2 «i \ f\.. Quenched 1550-1650 F ""::c

' '"'" Tempered, Air Cooled

500 \. "'l_lJ,1.

"''" I', ....:f.1Je11 e/J.r4?.' ...._

I',,. .. '8

~re~I ' l~q \. 400 ~ - -%, V ro_<o,.~ S't.,..8~1 "\. ' 'o 0. ~Q r\. \ ?51

.ret)' \ \ ! "\. \ ..l I \.Y ,

300 \' 0 ~sea /

: V.!,.:--- '\ I / \\

,Iv I \1 V l

200 !

--., £\Oil~ -200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Tempering Temperature, f

--

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 1400

~

~ Q)

.:.: -d Q)

"" oll

.5 ~

"" C: 0 i:il

Fig. 24. Influence of tempering temperature on tensile properties of 0.5 nickel-1 chromium-1 molybdenum-0.1 vanadium (0.47 carbon) steel, AMS 6438A. 10l

ble to the parent metal for any type of heat treatment. Preheat and interpass temperatures should be maintained in the range 400 to 550 F. Highly restrained weldments should be postheated at about 600 F for about 1 ½ hours after welding is completed, followed

by a still air cool to 300 F, then stress relieved immediately at 1200 to 1300 F. In general, experience indicates that this steel can be welded by the techniques used and controls normally employed in welding medium-carbon low-alloy steels of high hardenability.

TABLE XXVII

·;;; CL

0 0 S:'! .,; "' :!! t;

300 O I

~

250 ---

200

150

100

-----

"

Impact Data on 0.5 Nickel-1 Chromium-1 Molybdenum-0.1 Vanadium Steel, AMS 6438A 8

Approximate Approximate Charpy Impact (V-Notchl, ft-lb c Tensile Yield Strength Tempering

Strength, (0.2% Offset), Temperature, b psi psi F

165,000 145,000 1175 180,000 165,000 1150 210,000 195,000 1050 230,000 215,000 950 265,000 245,000 650

a Reference 101. b Oil quenched from 1550-1650 F before tempering. c Average of three tests.

(longitudinal) -65 F -40 F OF 7DF

- 57 - 64 - 44 - 52 - - - 21 16 - - 18 14 15 13 14

TABLE XXVIII Test Temperature, C

200 300 400 500 I

600 ,, Notch Tensile Properties of 0.5 Nickel-1 Chromium-1 Molybdenum-0.1 Vanadium Steel, AMS 6438A 8

I AMS 6438A I 0.5 Ni-1 Cr-1 Mo-0.1 V W.47 Cl

+-.... - 1-in. Section -,, Oil Quenched 1550-1650 F Tempered 50 F above

\ test temperature*

Tempering Tensile Strength, psi NTS Temperature, b

F Smooth Notchedc TS 400 302,000 346,000 1.14

' .... 500 287,000 317,000 1.10 1, ... \\I

'° 600 275,000 326,000 1.19 700 258,000 322,000 1.24 .

i\ \~ \ ,~

~

' \':' ...

' \

800 245,000 302,000 1.23 900 230,000 304,000 1.32

1000 220,000 310,000 1.41 1100 187,000 275,000 1.49 1200 137,000 217,000 1.59

.......... JJeA \. 0 ~J)i :'\_ ·<".,.. ,...,,?; i

"¾ "°'~ ~ I\ .r..,l' \ ")'

a Reference 101. b Oil quenched from 1575 F. • Neuber stress concentration factor 4.2.

TABLE XXIX * 70 F specimens tempered at 550 F \ ' '

'\. \ \ y

100

Red. Area _/ " - \ __.. i- \ - I

' Elongation /

~ - --i

200 400 600 800 1000 Test Temperature, F

I 80

~ ... 60 :!!

< ... &!

40 ""

0 1200

Effect of Test Temperature and Notching on Fatigue Properties of 0.5 Nickel-1 Chromium-

1 Molybdenum-0.1 Vanadium Steel, AMS 6438A

Temperature, F

75 450 550

Fatigue Strength at 1 D 7 Cycles, psi a Smooth Notched (K, = 3)

Completely Reversed Alternating Stress

I 100.000 I 90,000 75,000

Reversal from Zero to Applied Sress 150,000

50,000 40,000 40,000

Fig. 25. Short-time elevated-temperature tensile properties of 0.5 nickel-1 chromium-1 molybdenum-0.1 vanadium (0.47 carbon) steel, AMS 6438A. 101

75 450 550

135,000 130,000

80,000 60,000 55,000

a Specimens made from ½-inch diameter bars oil quenched from 1500 F, double tempered at 500 F to a tensile strength of 270,000 psi. 9 8

30

9 Ni-4 Co-Cr-Mo-V (0.20 and 0.30 C) Quenched and Tempered

The 9 nickel-4 cobalt type of steel develops a combination of yield strength above 180,000 psi and good resistance to crack propagation. 98 • 102 - 110 Two grades of this type are available commercially: 9-4-20 (9 nickel-4 cobalt-0.20 carbon) and 9-4-30 (9 nickel-4 cobalt-0.30 carbon). Their compositions are shown in Table XXX and their end-quench hardenabilities in Figure 26. The 9-4-20 grade is covered by ASTM A 605 for quenched and tempered alloy steel plates for pressure vessels.

Properties

Suggested minimum mechanical properties for

60

50

~ 40 .. C

"E ., ::c <-> 30

10

I

~

f-

f-

~

f-

~

I

0

I I

I I I I

I I

9 Ni-4 Co

9-4-20 -

I -'

i I

C Mn Ni Cr Mo V Co 0.17- 0.20- 8.50- 0.65- 0.90- .06- 4.25-0.23 0.30 9.50 0.85 1.10 0.10 4.75

-

I I i I I

8 16 24 32 40 Distance from Quenched End, sixteenths of an inch

Fig. 26. End-quench hardenability of 9 nickel-4 cobalt-chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steel.108

plates of the 9-4-20 and 9-4-30 grades of Table X}i C are listed in Table XXXI which also shows the ht- .. treatments employed. Table XXXII gives representa-

TABLE XXX

Composition of 9 Nickel-4 Cobalt-ChromiumMolybdenum-Vanadium Steels8

Steel Composition, b % Type C Mn Ni Cr Mo V Co

9·4-20 0.17- 0.20- 8.50- 0.65- 0.90- .06- 4.25-0.23 0.30 9.50 0.85 1.10 0.10 4.75

9-4-30 0.29- 0.15- 7.25- 0.90- 0.90- .08- 4.25-0.34 0.35 7.75 1.10 1.10 0.14 4.75

a Reference 108. b Maximum percentages are .010 phosphorus, .010 sulfur and 0.10

silicon.

TABLE XXXI

Heat Treatment and Minimum Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties Suggested for

9 Nickel-4 Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum-Vanadium Steel Plate a

Steel Type 9-4-20b 9-4-30

Heat Treatmentc Normalize, F 1650-1700, AC 1650-1700, AC Austenitize, F 1550, WO or 00 1550, WO or 00 Temper, F 1000 1000

Properties (to 4-in. thick) Microstructure Tempered Tempered

Martensite Martensite Tensile Strength, psi 190,000 220,000 Yield Strength (0.2% Offset), psi 180,000 190,000 Elongation (2 in. or 4 Dl, % 14 10 Reduction of Area, % 55 50 Charpy Impact (V-Notchl, ft-lb 40 20

a Reference 108. b This steel is covered by ASTM A 605 (see Table XXXIV). c AC = Air Cool. WQ = Water Quench. OQ = Oil Quench.

TABLE XXXII

Representative Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties of 9 Nickel-4 CobaltChromium-Molybdenum-Vanadium Steel Plate 8

Steel Type 9-4-20 9-4-30

Condition Microstructure Tempered Tempered Tempered Tempered Bainite

Martensite Martensite Martensite Martensite Temper, F 400 1000 400 1000 1000

Mechanical Properties (Average) Rockwell C Hardness 41 40 49 44 44 Tensile Strength, psi 215,000 202,000 250,000 230,000 230,000 Yield Strength (0.2% Offset), psi 180,000 190,000 205,000 195,000 195,000 Elongation (2 in. or 4 Dl, % 14 17 12 14 14 Reduction of Area, % 50 60 49 55 55 Charpy Impact (V-Notchl, ft-lb 45 54 18 23 28 Precracked Charpy (W/~n.-lb/sq in. - - 825 1250 1250 Kie (Notch Bend), psi m. - - 75,000 110,000 110,000

a Reference 108.

31

tive mechanical properties and indicates that the average yield strength ranges from 180,000 to 195,000 psi, depending on carbon content, alloy content and heat treatment.

The 9-4-20 and 9-4-30 steels can be formed readily by bending, rolling and shear spinning when heat treated to the martensitic microstructure and tempered at lOOOF.

Welding

The 9-4-20 and 9-4-30 steels can be welded readily by the TIG process when heat treated to martensite and tempered at 1000 F. Neither preheat nor postheat is required.

10 Ni-8 Co-2 Cr-1 Mo (0.10 C)-HY-180 Quenched and Tempered

This low-carbon alloy steel was developed specifically for a high yield strength of 180,000 psi minimum in combination with good toughness and weldability for pressure vessels and other demanding applications.

It has been produced in limited quantities for specialized applications. 111 • 112

Composition

Data available on two heats of HY-180 indicate the following approximate composition, 111 in per cent: 0.11 C, .OS Mn, .004 P, .003 S, .07 Si, 9.4 Ni, 8.0 Co, 2.2 Cr and 0.93 Mo. The heats were produced by the VIM (Vacuum Induction Melting) and VAR (Vacuum Arc Remelt) processes.

Heat Treatment

The recommended heat treatment of plates comprises austenitizing at 1500 F, water quenching, tempering at 950 F for 5 to 16 hours ( depending on plate thickness) and water quenching.

Properties

The effect of a number of heat treatments on tensile properties and on Dynamic Tear (DT) values of HY-180 is summarized in Table XXXIII. The influence of heat treatment on fracture characteristics is

TABLE XXXIII

Summary of Heat-Treatment Conditions, Tensile Properties and Dynamic Tear Energy for VIM and VAR 10 Nickel-8 Cobalt-2 Chromium-1 Molybdenum

Quenched and Tempered Steelsa

Heat Treatment Tensile Yield Strength Elonga- Reduction Dynamic Austenitized Tempered Strength, (0.2% Offset), tion, of Area, Tear at 30 F,

F/hrb F/hrb psi psi % % ft-lb

1500/1 None 211,000 148,000 16.0 60 3723 1500/1 950/7 208,000 193,000 16.5 70 4028 1500/1 950/ 7 plus 190,000 183,000 18.0 68 5287

950/7

1500/1 900/7 210,000 188,000 16.5 64 3785 1700/1 900/3 215,000 191,000 16.7 63 3002 1400/1

1700/1 900/7 212,000 192,000 16.5 64 2728 1400/1

1500/1 None 206,000 151,000 17.2 66 5510 1500/1 950/8 196,000 181,000 18.0 71 5652 1500/1 950/8 plus 184,000 177,000 18.0 72 6882

950/5

1500/1 950/ 8 plus 167,000 164,000 20.0 73 7759 950/24

1500/1 950/8 195,000 183,000 17.7 70 1500/1 950/8 plus 6800

950/7

1500/2 950/10 190,000 180,009 18.5 72 7150c

a 15-ton heats.I11 Tensile test data based on b Water quenched. 0.505-in. diameter specimens. VIM = Vacuum In- c 1-in. dynamic-tear specimen. duction Melted. VAR = Vacuum Arc Remelted.

32

illustrated by the position of the various data points in Figure 2 7 which is a Ratio Analysis Diagram* (RAD). 30 , 111 The DT values are exceptionally high when this steel is tempered at 950 F.

When tempered for 8 hours at 950 F, the material from the two heats developed yield strengths of 180,000 to 190,000 psi, as shown in Figure 27. Prolonged holding at 950 F lessened the yield strength by 10,000 to 20,000 psi but produced a dramatic increase in toughness, greater than might be expected from the slope of the 1968 Technological Limit (TL) line. One heat

* The Ratio Analysis Diagram shows how tempering to a series of yield strengths affects the steel's DT energy, Kie values and Charpy impact values. Charpy impact can be correlated reasonably satisfactorily with DT and K1, data only for the lower part of the impact vs. temperature curve, hence it sometimes is omitted from RAD but is included here to inform the reader of the approximate trend.

also developed approximately 190,000 psi yield strength when tempered at 900 F, but fracture toughness was a little lower than for the 950 F temper.

The high level of performance indicated by a position on the RAD line above the infinity ratio line (Krc/ays = co), Figure 27, reflects the benefits from improved melting practice as well as composition and heat treatment. In fact, the VIM and VAR processed HY-180 steel shifts the TL line for 1968 substantially upward in the 180,000 to 190,000 psi yield-strength range.

9000 .---s,o __ -,--__ 8,o __ -,--__ 10,o __ ,-- __ 12,--o_.-~~-14,o __ -,--__ 1,60 __ ~ __ 1,80 __ .- __ 2~oo __ ~(kg/mm 2)

120 8000 IO Ni-2 Cr-I Mo-8 Co-0.10 C

950 F/8 hr+ 950 F /24 hr

I One-Inch Plate

("Weak" Direction) 110 1500 F / W0/950 F /10 hr

7000 I ♦ VIM + VAR-1st 15 Ton Heat Technological Limit 950 F/8 hr+ 950 F/5 hr/ ---------- ◊ VIM + VAR-2nd 15 Ton Heat

100 1968 ....... , / ■ VIM + VAR-2-in. Plate Tested

6000 ,950 F/8 hr B/ with 1-in. Dynamic Tear 90 .,

1500 F /1 hr /WO ' 950 F/7 hr+ 950 F/7 hr

-= 80 @ 'T 5000 (As Quenched) -= / .Cl Flaw Size :i::' 70 ' .............. @ ,., ~ Calculations 240 ~ ,.:; Practical z 4000 // I e.o 220 ,!'. 60 .. = t;

..... / 1500 F /1 hr /WO ~ 200 "' "' // (As Quenched) Cl. 50

.. 1700 F /WQ/1400 F /WQ/900 F /3 hr .5 .... 3000 ,., 1700 F /WQ/1400 F /WQ/900 F /7 hr 180 >. ·e e "' // ~ "' 40 = 160 = >,

' <-> Q

/// K,c Ratio :!:: 2000 ..

' ITys 140 • = 30 Cl)

~ Proof

120 ·;;; 20 -""

1000 ', Test -100 -"

X: , ........ 80

500 -----60 10 180 190 40

5 ksi ksi ~ 20

80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 (ksi) Yield Strength

Fig. 27. RAD definition of the influence of tempering heat treatment on the fracture characteristics and yield strength of l O nickel-8 cobalt-2 chromium-1 molybdenum steel. 111

33

REFERENCES

1. "Alloy Steel Plates," Steel Products Manual, AISI, 1970.

2. "Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels," ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, 1971.

3. "Alternate Rules for Pressure Vessels," ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 2, 1971.

4. Pense, A. W., Gross, J. H., and Stout, R. D., "Effect of Elevated-Temperature Exposure on Heavy-Section Pressure-Vessel Steels," Welding J., 39, 1960, p 231-s.

5. Matas, S. J., Hill, M., and Munger, H.P., "Current and Future Trends for Steels with High Strength and Toughness," Metals Eng. Quart., 3, No. 3, Aug. 1963, p 7.

6. Gross, J. H., "PVRC Interpretive Report of Pressure Vessel Research, Section 2-Materials Considerations," Welding Research Council Bulletin 101, Nov. 1964.

7. ASTM Special Committee on Fracture Testing of High Strength Metallic Materials, "Progress in Measuring Fracture Toughness and Using Fracture Mechanics," Materials Research and Standards, 4, 1964, p 107.

8. Ingraham, J. M., "Fracture Behavior of Steel Pressure Vessels at the Ductile-Brittle Transition," Materials Research and Standards, 4, 1964, p 649.

9. Fellini, W. S., Goode, R. J., Puzak, P. P., Lange, E. A., Huber, R. W., "Review of Concepts and Status of Procedures for Fracture-Safe Design of Complex Welded Structures Involving Metals of Low to UltraHigh Strength Levels," Report No. 6300, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, June 1965.

10. DeBarbadillo, J. J., Pense, A. W., and Stout, R. D., "The Creep Rupture Properties of Pressure Vessel Steels," Welding J., 45, 1966, p 357-s.

11. Stern, I. L., "Steels for Hydrospace," Ordnance, 50, No. 274, Jan.-Feb. 1966, p 432.

12. Korbin, C. L., "Materials Vie for Inner Space," Iron Age, 198, July 28, 1966, p 64.

13. Pense, A. W., and Stout, R. D., "Characterization of Heat Treated Pressure Vessel Steels for Elevated Temperature Service," Symposium on Heat Treated Steels for Elevated Temperature Service, ASME, 1966, p 8.

14. Srawley, J.E., and Brown, W. F., Jr., "Fracture Toughness Testing," ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ. 410, 1966, p 133.

34

15. Schwartz, I. A., Lange, E. A., and Martin, M. L., "Notch Toughness Properties of Pressure Vessel Steels," Task 4A024401A891-02, TR 67-021, OCE, U. S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Progress Report I (UNCLASSIFIED), Feb. 1, 1968.

16. Doty, W. D., "Welding of Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steels," presented at ASM Symposium on WELDING OF MODERN STEELS, Detroit, Mich., Oct. 15 and 16, 1968.

17. "Welding Qualifications," ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, 1971.

18. "Low-Pressure Storage Tanks for Liquefied Natural Gas," Appendix Q, API Standard 620, American Petroleum Institute, 1970.

19. Fellini, W. S., "Advances in Fracture Toughness Characterization Procedures and in Quantitative Interpretations to Fracture-Safe Design for Structural Steels," Welding Research Council Bulletin 130, May 1968.

20. "Where We Stand in Welding High-Strength Steels," Metal Progr., 95, Feb. 1969, p 66.

21. Parry, G. W., and Lazzeri, L., "The Application of Fracture Mechanics to the Assessment of Failure of Cylindrical Pressure Vessels under Yielding Conditions," Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 1, (3), April 1969, p 519.

22. Puzak, P. P., and Lange, E. A., ''Fracture Toughness Characteristics of the New Weldable Steels of 180,000-210,000 lb/in. 2 (126.6-147.6 kgf/mm 2 ) Yield Strengths," ASM Tech. Report No. P9-20.6, Am. Soc. Metals, Metals Park, Ohio 44073, 1969, 18 pages (Pamphlet). Published also in NRL Report L951, Sept. 18, 1969.

23. Murphy, W. J., and Yeo, R. B. G., "Developments in Plate and Structural High-Strength Steels," Metal Progress, 96, (3), Sept. 1969, p 85.

24. Wullaert, R. A., "Applications of the Instrumented Charpy Impact Test," Impact Testing of Metals, 1970, p 148.

25. Puzak, P. P., and Lange, E. A., "Fracture-Toughness Characteristics of the New High-Strength Steels," ASM Tech. Paper No. W70-72, 1970, 20 pages (Pamphlet).

26. Brown, W. F., "Review of Developments in Plane Strain Fracture Toughness Testing," Spec. Tech. Puhl. 463, ASTM, 1970, 269 pages.

27. Brown, W. F., and Srawley, J.E., "Commentary on Present Practice," Spec. Tech. Puhl. 463, ASTM, 1970, p 216.

28. Clark, W. G., "Effect of Temperature and Section Size on Fatigue Crack Growth in Pressure Vessel Steel," J. Materials, 6, No. 1, March 1971, p 134.

29. Doty, W. D., "Weldability of Constructional SteelsUSA Viewpoint," Welding J., 50, No. 2, February 1971, p 49-s.

30. Pellini, W. S., "Principles of Fracture-Safe Design," 1971 Adams Lecture, Part I, Welding J., 50, No. 3, March 1971, p 91-s and Part II, Welding J., 50, No. 4, April 1971, p 147-s.

31. Puzak, P. P., Lloyd, K. B., Goode, R. J., Huber, R. W., Howe, D. G., Crooker, T. W., Lange, E. A., and Pellini, W. S., "Metallurgical Characteristics of High Strength Structural Materials" (Third Quarterly Report), Report No. 6086, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Jan. 1964.

32. "Data on Some Republic Steel Consumable Electrode Vacuum Arc Remelt Steels," Data Brochure, Special Metals Division, Republic Steel Corporation.

33. "Data Sheet on 4300 Steel," Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation.

34. Seens, W. B., Jensen, W. L., and Miller, 0. 0., "Notch Toughness of Four Alloy Steels at Low Temperatures," Proc. ASTM, 51, 1951, p 918.

35. Unpublished Data, The International Nickel Company, Inc.

36. Lorentz, R. E., Jr., and Harding, W. L., "Quenched and Tempered Heavy Section Steels," ASME, pre• sented at 23rd Annual Petroleum Mechanical Engineering Conference, Dallas, Texas, Sept. 22-23, 1968.

37. Hawthorne, J. R., and Potapovs, U., "Initial Assessments of Notch Ductility Behavior of A 533 Pressure Vessel Steel with Neutron Irradiation," Report 6772, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Nov. 22, 1968.

38. Data from United States Steel Corporation.

39. Lancaster, J. F., "A Comparison of British, European and United States Pressure Vessel Steels," ASME, presented at Petroleum Mechanical Engineering Conference, Los Angeles, Sept. 20-23, 1964.

40. Havens, F. E., and Sarno, D. A., "New 5 Percent Nickel Steel for Cryogenic Service," Petroleum Div. of ASME, 70-Pct-18. Presented at Petroleum Mech. Enging. and Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Denver, Colo., Sept. 13-17, 1970.

41. Sarno, D. A., Havens, F. E., and Bowley, D. L., "Transformations Involved in Developing Notch Toughness in a New 5% Nickel Steel for Cryogenic Applications," Tech. Report No. C70-39.2, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio 44073, 1970, 15 pages (Pamphlet).

42. "Final Results from Operation Cryogenics-9% Nickel Steel Vessels Impact and Burst Tests," The International Nickel Co., Inc., Chicago Bridge and Iron Co., and United States Steel Corp., 1961.

43. "9% Nickel Steel-Qualification Tests," Centro di Informazioni del Nickel (CIN) and Societa Italiana Acciaierie di Cornigliano (SIAC) Circa 1963. Ap-

35

proved by Associazione Nazionale Controllo Combustione, Registro Italiano Navale, American Bureau Shipping, Bureau Veritas, Lloyd's Register of Shipping and Norske Veritas.

44. Susukida, H., Ando, S., and Tsuji, I., "Characteristics of 9% Nickel Steel for Low Temperature Service," Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review, 3, No. 4, 1966, p 384.

45. Watanabe, M., Watanabe, I., Harasawa, H., and Yoshino, Y., "Study on Notch Toughness of 9% Nickel Low-Carbon Steel," Technol. Rep. Osaka Univ., 19, 876/907, Oct. 1969, p 493. (In English)

46. Yamane, T., Takahashi, J., Inoko, F., and Mirna, G., "Tempering of a 9% Nickel Steel," Technol. Rep. Osaka Univ., 19, 876/907, Oct. 1969, p 409.

47. Munro, P. M., "Low-temperature Impact Properties of 9 Percent Nickel Steels in Heavy Section Sizes," Iron and Steel (London), 44, No. 1, Feb. 1971, p 21.

48. Doty, W. D., "Properties and Characteristics of a Quenched and Tempered Steel for Pressure Vessels," Welding J., 34, 1955, p 425-s.

49. Gross, J. H., and Stout, R. D., "The Performance of High Strength Pressure Vessel Steels," Welding J., 35, 1956, p 115-s.

50. Carpenter, 0. R., and Floyd, C., "Heat Treatment of Carbon and Low Alloy Pressure Vessel Steels," Welding J., 36, 1957, p 67-s.

51. Gross, J. H., and Stout, R. D., "Properties and Weldability of High Strength Pressure Vessel Steels in Heavy Sections," Welding J., 36, 1957, p 157-s.

52. Gross, J. H., Kottcamp, E. H., and Stout, R. D., "Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Low Temperature Properties of Pressure-Vessel Steels," Welding J., 37, 1958, p 160-s.

53. Sibly, C. R., "Welding of HY-80 Steel with the GasShielded Metal Arc Process," Welding J., 42, 1963, p 219-s.

54. Doty, W. D., and Szekeres, E. S., "Welding HeatTreated Steels-Special Report No. 572," American Machinist, 109, No. 14, July 5, 1965, p 91.

55. Heller, S. R., Jr., Fioriti, I., and Vasta, J., "An Evaluation of HY-80 Steel as a Structural Material for Submarines," Naval Engineers Journal, 17, 1965, No. 1 (Feb.), p 29 and No. 2 (April), p 193.

56. Stout, R. D., and Pense, A. W., "Selecting Higher Strength Steels for Pressure Vessels," Metal Progr., 88, Aug. 1965, p 147.

57. Hodge, J.M., and Manning, R. D., "Low-Alloy HighYield Strength Weldable Steel," U. S. Patent 2,586,-042, Feb. 19, 1952.

58. Puzak, P. P., and Lloyd, K. B., "High Strength Steels," Section in Metallurgical Characteristics of High Strength Materials, Report No. 6405, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Nov. 1965, p 34.

59. Hurley, J. L., and Shelton, C. H., "Age-Hardenable Nickel-Copper Steels," Metals Eng. Quart., 6, No. 2, May 1966, p 25.

60. Hurley, J. L., "Alloy Steel," U. S. Patent 3,132,025, May 5, 1964.

61. Cassidy, D. P., and Shelton, C. H., "Nickel-CopperColumbium Steel-A New Concept in High Strength Constructional Materials," Paper 680246, presented at SAE Earth-Moving Industry Conference, Peoria, Ill., April 9-10, 1968.

62. Fisher, G. L., and Geils, R.H., "The Effect of Columbium on the Alpha-Gamma Transformation in a LowAlloy Ni-Cu Steel, Trans. AIME, 245, (11), Nov. 1969, p 2405.

63. DePaul, R. A., and Kitchin, A. L., "The Role of Nickel, Copper, and Columbium (Niobium) in Strengthening a Low-Carbon Ferritic Steel," Met. Trans., 1, Feb. 1970, (2), p 389.

64. Snape, E., "The Effects of Experimental Rolling on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a NiCu-Cb (Nb) Steel, Met. Trans., 1, (5), May 1970, p 1375.

65. Data from Bethlehem Steel Corporation.

66. Data from Lukens Steel Company.

67. Lewis, W. J., Faulkner, G. E., and Rieppel, R. J., "Flux and Filler-Wire Developments for Submerged-Arc Welding HY-80 Steel," Welding J., 40, 1961, p 337-s.

68. Rote, R. S., "Investigation of the Properties of Electroslag Welds in Various Steels," Welding J., 43, 1964, p 421.

69. "Fabrication, Welding and Inspection of HY-80 Submarine Hulls," NAVSHIPS 250-637-3, Bureau of Ships, U. S. Navy Department, Jan. 2, 1962.

70. Kubli, R. A., and Freeman, N. D., "Welding of Modern Special Property Steels," Welding J., 43, 1964, p 679.

71. Wessel, E.T., and Hovan, R.R., "Effect of Long Time Exposures at 400 to 1000 F on the Strength and Toughness of a Ni-Cr-Mo-V High Strength Weldable Steel," Symposium on Heat Treated Steels for Elevated Temperature Service, ASME, 1966, p 86.

72. Hawthorne, J. R., and Potapovs, U., "Relative Resistance of Two A 543 Alternate Weld Metal Compositions to 550 F Radiation Embrittlement," Report of NRL Progress, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Feb. 1968, p 23.

73. Spaeder, G. J., Majetich, J. C., and Benter, W. P., Jr., "A Quenched and Tempered 8-Percent Nickel Steel for Applications Down to -275 F," ASME, presented at Petroleum Mechanical Engineering Conference, Phila., Pa., Sept. 17-20, 1967.

74. "9% Nickel Steel Bursting Tests at Low Temperatures," Acciaieria e Tubificio di Brescia, Centro di Informazioni del Nickel, Centro Sperimentale Metallurgico, Italsider-Stabilimento SIAC, and Societa per l'Industria dell'Ossigerno e di altri Gas, Circa 1964.

75. Pitaud, J., "Moving Liquid Methane by Tanker," International Oil and Gas, March 1965.

76. Pearson, T. F., and de Lippa, M., "Quenched and Tempered Plate Steels," J. Iron Steel Inst. (London), 205, 1967, p 257.

36

77. Benter, W. P., Jr., and Murphy, W. J., "ExplosionBulge and Drop-Weight Tests of Quenched and Tempered 9-Percent Nickel Steel," ASME, Petroleum Mechanical Engineering Conference, Phila., Pa., Sept. 17-20, 1967.

78. Spaeder, G. J., and Berger, J. A., "Factors That Contribute to the Strength and Toughness of Quenched and Tempered 9 Percent Nickel Steel," presented at Petroleum Division, ASME, at Petroleum Mechanical Engineering and Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference, Denver, Colo., Sept. 13-17, 1970.

79. Campbell, H. C., "How Metal-Arc Welding Compares with Other Methods," Metal Progress, 95, (2), Feb. 1969, p 68.

80. Reid, H. E., "E14018 Electrode Is Designed for HY-130," Metal Progress, 95, (2), Feb. 1969, p 69.

81. Telford, R. T., "Filler Metals for HY Steels Took Years to Develop," Metal Progress, 95, (2), Feb. 1969, p 71.

82. Sipe, R. A., and Jennings, W. A., "Fabrication Techniques-HY-140 for Flight-Type Pressure Vessels," Paper No. 690680, SAE, 2 Pennsylvania Plaza, New York, N. Y. 10001, 1969, 10 pages (Pamphlet).

83. Barsom, J. M., and Rolfe, S. T., "Fatigue and Burst Analysis of HY-140(T) Steel Pressure Vessels," J. Eng. Ind. (Trans. ASME), 92, (1), Feb. 1970, p 11.

84. Judy, R. W., Jr., Puzak, P. P., and Lange, E. A., "Characterization of Fracture Toughness of 5 Ni-Cr-Mo-V Steel by Charpy V-Notch and Dynamic Tear Tests," Welding J., 49, (5), May 1970, p 201-s.

85. Manganello, S. J., Dabkowski, D. S., Porter, L. F., and Gross, J. H., "Development of a High-Toughness Alloy Plate Steel with a Minimum Yield Strength of 140 ksi," Welding J., 43, 1964, p 514-s. Also Metals Eng. Quart., 5, No. 1, Feb. 1965, p 1.

86. Rathbone, A. M., Connor, L. P., and Gross, J. H., "Weldability of a High-Toughness Alloy Plate Steel with a Minimum Yield Strength of 140 ksi," Welding J., 43, 1964, p 551-s.

87. Rolfe, S. T., Haak, R. P., and Gross, J. H., "Structural Suitability of a High-Toughness Alloy Plate Weldment With a Minimum Yield Strength of 140 ksi," Welding J., 44, 1965, p 40-s. Also Metals Eng. Quart., 5, No. 1, Feb. 1965, p 33.

88. Rathbone, A. M., Connor, L. P., and Gross, J. H., "Weldability of a High-Toughness Alloy Plate Steel With a Minimum Yield Strength of 140 ksi," Metals Eng. Quart., 5, No. 1, Feb. 1965, p 7.

89. Rathbone, A. M., Gross J. H., and Dorschu, K. E., "A Tough Weldable Steel With a 140,000 Psi Yield Strength," Metal Progr., 87, May 1965, p 63.

90. Gross, J. H., Manning, R. D., Porter, L. F., Rathbone, A. M., and Rolfe, S. T., "Steels for Hydrospace Pressure Hulls," Metals Eng. Quart., 5, No. 3, Aug. 1965, p 7.

91. Porter, L. F., Manganello, S. J., Dabkowski, D.S., and Gross, J. H., "Ultraservice Steels With Yield Strengths of 130 to 200 Ksi," Metals Eng. Quart., 6, No. 3., Aug. 1966, p 17.

92. Breismeister, F., "Welding High-Strength Steel Plate," Tool and Manufacturing Engineer, 56, No. 6, 1966, p 49.

93. Stern, I. L., and Quattrone, R., "A Multiple Test Approach to the Prediction of W eldments Cracking," Welding J., 46, 1967, p 203-s.

94. Connor, L. P., Rathbone, A. M., and Gross, J. H., "Development of Procedures for Welding HY-130(T) Steel," Welding J., 46, 1967, p 309-s.

95. Rathbone, A. M., "Review of Recent Armor Plate Developments," AISI Regional Technical Meetings, 1967, p 181.

96. Dorschu, K. E., and Lesnewich, A., "Development of a Filler Metal for High-Toughness Alloy Plate Steel With a Minimum Yield Strength of 140 Ksi," Metals Eng. Quart., 5, No. 1, 1965, p 20.

97. Gross, M. R., "Low Cycle Fatigue of Materials," Naval Engineers J., 75, 1963, p 783.

98. Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook, Vol. 1, "Ferrous Alloys," Syracuse University Press, March 1968.

99. Barsom, J. M., and Rolfe, S. T., "Fatigue and Burst Analysis of HY-140(T) Steel Pressure Vessels," ASME, presented at Joint Conference of Pressure Vessel and Piping Division and Petroleum Division, Dallas, Texas, Sept. 22-25, 1968.

100. Abbott, Ward D., "Procedures for Welding HY140 Pressure Vessels," Metal Progress, 95, (2), Feb. 1969, p 72.

101. Data from Ladish Company.

102. Perry, T. E., Poole, S. W., and Matas, S. J., "Development and Melting of an Ultrahigh Strength 9% Ni-4% Co Steel," Electric Furnace Proceedings, 20, 1962, p 308.

103. Matas, S. J., Hill, M., and Munger, H. P., "Current and Future Trends for Steels with High Strength and Toughness," Metals Eng. Quart., 3, No. 3, Aug. 1963, p 7.

104. Matas, S. J., "Influence of Impurities and Related Effects on Strength and Toughness of High-Strength Steels," Metals Eng. Quart., 4, No. 2, May 1964, p 49.

105. Pascover, J. S., and Matas, S. J., "Relationships Between Structure and Properties in the 9Ni-4Co Alloy System," Spec. Tech. Publ. 370, ASTM, 1965, p 30.

106. Pascover, J. S., Hill, M., and Matas, S. J., "The Application of Fracture Toughness Testing to the Development of a Family of Alloy Steels," Spec. Tech. Publ. 381, ASTM, 1965, p 310.

107. Ries, G. D., and Poole, S. W., "Welding of Quenched and Tempered 9Ni-4Co Steels," Welding J., 45, 1966, p 465-s.

37

108. "Properties of Republic HP 9Ni-4Co Steels," Republic Steel Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio, March 1967.

109. Ries, G.D., and Munger, H.P., "9-4-20: A Weldable Alloy for Tough Applications," Metal Progress, 95, (2), Feb. 1969, p 76.

110. Munger, H. P., and Gulya, J., "Heavy-Section HP 9 Ni-4 Co Alloys," TMS Paper No. A68-46, Metallurgical Society of AIME, 1969, 21 pages (Pamphlet).

111. Puzak, P. P., and Lange, E. A., "Fracture Toughness Characteristics of the New High-Strength Steels," ASM Tech. Paper No. W70-7.2, 1970, 20 pages (Pamphlet); also NRL Report 6951, Sept. 18, 1969.

112. Stonesifer, F. R., Smith, H. L., and Romine, H. E., "Properties of Hot-Pressed 10 Ni-Cr-Mo-Co Steel," NRL Memorandum Report 2065, AD 669530, Nov. 1969.

113. "Fracture Toughness Testing and Its Applications," Spec. Tech. Publ. 381, ASTM, 1965.

114. Brown, W. F., Jr., and Srawley, J. E., "Plane Strain Crack Toughness Testing of High-Strength Metallic Materials," Spec. Tech. Puhl. 410, ASTM, 1967.

115. Panel Session on Plane Strain and Crack Toughness, 71st Annual Meeting, ASTM, San Francisco, California, June 23-28, 1968.

116. Rolfe, S. T., and Novak, S. R., "Slow-Bend Krc Testing of Medium-Strength High-Toughness Steels," AD 817373L, August 1, 1967.

117. Greenberg, H. D., Wessel, E. T., and Pryle, W. H., "Fracture Toughness of Turbine-Generator Rotor Forgings," Eng. Fracture Mechanics, 1, No. 4, April 1970, p 653.

118. Barsom, J.M., and Rolfe, S. T., "K1c Transition-Temperature Behavior of A517-F Steel," Eng. Fracture Mechanics, 2, No. 4, July 1971.

119. Shabbits, W. 0., Pryle, W. H., Wessel, E. T., "Heavy Section Fracture Toughness Properties of A533 Grade B Class 1 Steel Plate and Submerged Arc Weld-· ment," Westinghouse Research Labs., Research Report 69-1E7-BFPWR-Rl, Proprietary Class 3, Dec. 10, 1969.

120. Barsom, J.M., and Rolfe, S. T., "Correlations Between K 1c and Charpy V-Notch Test Results in the Transition-Temperature Range," Spec. Tech. Puhl. 466, ASTM, 1970, p 281.

121. Barsom, J. M., "Relationship Between Plane-Strain Ductility and K 1c for Various Steels," presented at First National Congress on Pressure Vessels and Piping, San Francisco, California, May 10-12, 1971.

Specification

ASTM A 203 Grade A Grade B Grade D Grade E

ASTM A 300

ASTM A 302 Grade C Grade D

ASTM A 353

ASTM A 514 Type F

Type H

Type M Type P

ASTM A 517 Grade F

Grade H

Grade M Grade P

TABLE XXXIV

Summary of Composition and Mechanical Property Requirements of ASTM Specifications for Nickel Alloy Steel Plates 8

C Mn Si

Nickel Alloy Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels - Nd 0.17 max• 0.70 max• 0.15-0.30 0.21 max e 0.70 max e 0.15-0.30 0.17 max e 0.70 max e 0.15-0.30 0.20 max e 0.70 max e 0.15-0.30

Composition, b %

Ni

2.10-2.50 2.10-2.50 3.25-3.75 3.25-3.75

Notch Toughness Requirements for Normalized Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels (See ASTM A 203 and A 353 for composition and tensile properties)

Cr Mo

Manganese-Molybdenum and Manganese-Molybdenum-Nickel Alloy Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels - Nd 0.20 maxi 1.15-1.50 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.45-0.60 0.20 maxi 1.15-1.50 0.15-0.30 0.70-1.00 0.45-0.60

Nine Per Cent Nickel Alloy Steel Plates, Double-Normalized and Tempered, for Pressure Vessels 0.13 max 0.90 max 0.15-0.30 8.50-9.50

High-Yield-Strength, Quenched and Tempered, Alloy Steel Plate Suitable for Welding 0.10-0.20 0.60-1.00 0.15-0.35 0.70-1.00 0.40-0.65 0.40-0.60

0.12-0.21 0.95-1.30 0.20-0.35 0.30-0.70 0.40-0.65 0.20-0.30

0.12-0.21 0.45-0.70 0.20-0.35 1.20-1.50 0.45-0.60 0.12-0.21 0.45-0.70 0.20-0.35 1.20-1.50 0.85-1.20 0.45-0.60

High-Strength Alloy Steel Plates, Quenched and Tempered, for Pressure Vessels 0.10-0.20 0.60-1.00 0.15-0.35 0.70-1.00 0.40-0.65 0.40-0.60

0.12-0.21 0.95-1.30 0.20-0.35 0.30-0.70 0.40-0.65 0.20-0.30

0.12-0.21 0.45-0.70 0.20-0.35 1.20-1.50 0.45-0.60 0.12-0.21 0.45-0.70 0.20-0.35 1.20-1.50 0.85-1.20 0.45-0.60

Other

.03-.08 V 0.15-0.50 Cu .002-.006 B .03-.08 V

.0005-.005 B .001-.005 B .001-.005 B

.03-.08 V 0.15-0.50 Cu .002-.006 B .03-.08 V

.0005 min B .001-.005 B .001-.005 B

ASTM A 533 Manganese-Molybdenum and Manganese-Molybdenum-Nickel Alloy Steel Plates, Quenched and Tempered, for Pressure Vessels Gr B, Cl 1 0.25 max 1.15-1.50 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.45-0.60 Gr B, Cl 2 0.25 max 1.15-1.50 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.45-0.60 Gr B, Cl 3 0.25 max 1.15-1.50 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.45-0.60 Gr C, Cl 1 0.25 max 1.15-1.50 0.15-0.30 0.70-1.00 0.45-0.60 Gr C, Cl 2 0.25 max 1.15-1.50 0.15-0.30 0.70-1.00 0.45-0.60 Gr C, Cl 3 0.25 max 1.15-1.50 0.15-0.30 0.70-1.00 0.45-0.60 Gr D, Cl 1 0.25 max 1.15-1.50 0.15-0.30 0.20-0.40 0.45-0.60 Gr D, Cl 2 0.25 max 1.15-1.50 0.15-0.30 0.20-0.40 0.45-0.60 Gr D, Cl 3 0.25 max 1.15-1.50 0.15-0.30 0.20-0.40 0.45-0.60

ASTM A 543 Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Alloy Steel Plates, Quenched and Tempered, for Pressure Vessels Gr A & B, Cl 1 0.23 max 0.40 max 0.20-0.35 2.60-3.251 1.50-2.00 0.45-0.60 .03 max VP Gr A & B, Cl 2 0.23 max 0.40 max 0.20-0.35 2.60-3.251 1.50-2.00 0.45-0.60 .03 max VP

ASTM A 553 Eight and Nine Per Cent Nickel Alloy Steel Plate, Quenched and Tempered, for Pressure Vessels Grade A 0.13 max 0.90 max 0.15-0.30 8.50-9.50 Grade B 0.13 max 0.90 max 0.15-0.30 7 .50-8.50

ASTM A 593 Charpy V-Notch Toughness Requirements of Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels (See ASTM A 203 for composition and tensile properties and ASTM A 300 for Charpy keyhole-notch toughness)

ASTM A 605 Nickel-Cobalt-Molybdenum-Chromium Alloy Steel Plates, Quenched and Tempered, for Pressure Vessels 0.16-0.23 0.20-0.40 0.10 max 8.50-9.50 0.65-0.85 0.90-1.10

ASTM A 645 Five Per Cent Nickel Alloy Steel Plate, Specially Heat Treated, for Pressure Vessels 0.13 max 0.30-0.60 0.20-0.35 4.75-5.25 0.20-0.35

4.25-5.00 Co .06-0.12 V

.05-0.12AI .020 max N

a Status of ASTM Specifications in April, 1972. b Percentage of P is .035 and S .040, except both are .020 max in

ASTM A 543, Grade B; .010 max in ASTM A 605; and .025 max in ASTM A 645.

d N = Normalized or equivalent treatment. NNT = Double Normal• ized and Tempered.

c Specimens are longitudinal for energy absorbed and transverse for lateral expansion, unless otherwise specified. Notch-axis direction is to be normal to plate surface.

38

e To 2-inch thick plate, carbon and manganese higher for thicker plates.

f Yield point. u Varies with thickness. see specification.

TABLE XXXIV (continued)

Summary of Composition and Mechanical Property Requirements of ASTM Specifications for Nickel Alloy Steel Plates 8

Tensile Properties Charpy Impact !V-Notchl c

Specification

ASTM A 203 Grade A Grade B Grade D Grade E

Thickness, in.

Tensile Strength,

psi

Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)

min, psi

Nickel Alloy Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels - Nd 6 max 65,000-77,000 37,000 f 6 max 70,000-85,000 40,000 f 4 max 65,000-77,000 37,0001 4 max 70,000-85,000 40,000 f

Reduction Elongation, min, % of Area,

2 i11. B in. min, %

23g 2U 23g 2U

ASTM A 300 Notch Toughness Requirements for Normalized Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels ASTM A 203, Grades A and B, Nd ASTM A 203, Grades D and E, Nd ASTM A 353, NNT d

Energy Absorbed, min, ft-lb

-i -i -i -i

15h at -75 F 15 hat -150 F 15h at -320 F

ASTM A 302 Manganese-Molybdenum and Manganese-Molybdenum-Nickel Alloy Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels - Nd Grade C ¼ min 80,000-100,000 50,00Qf 20g 17g -i Grade D ¼ min 80,000-100,000 50,000f 20g 17g -i

ASTM A 353 Nine Per Cent Nickel Alloy Steel Plates, Double-Normalized and Tempered, for Pressure Vessels 2 max 100,000-120,000 75,000 20 25 at -320 Fi

ASTM A 514 High-Yield-Strength, Quenched and Tempered, Alloy Steel Plate Suitable for Welding Type F 4max 115,000-135,000 g 100,000g 18g 40g

Type H 2max 115,000-135,000 g 100,000g 18g 40g

Type M 2 max 115,000-135,000 g lOO,OOOg 18g 40g Type P 4max 115,000-135,000g 100,000g 18g 40g

ASTM A 517 High-Strength Alloy Steel Plates, Quenched and Tempered, for Pressure Vessels Grade F 2½max 115,000-135,000 100,000 16 35g 20 at -50 Fi

Grade H 2 max 115,000-135,000 100,000 16 35g 15 at -50 Fi

Grade M 2max 115,000-135,000 100,000 16 35g 15 at -50 Fi Grade P 2½ max 115,000-135,000 100,000 16 35g -i

Lateral Expansion,

min, in.

-i -i -i -i

-i -i

.015 at -320 F

.015 at 32 Fk

.015 at 32 Fk

.015 at 32 fk

.015 at 32 Fk

ASTM A 533 Manganese-Molybdenum and Manganese-Molybdenum-Nickel Alloy Steel Plates, Quenched and Tempered, for Pressure Vessels Gr B, Cl 1 ¼ min 80,000-100,000 50,000 18 30atl0Fi -i Gr B, Cl 2 ¼ min 90,000-115,000 70,000 16 30at 10 Fi -i Gr B, Cl 3 ¼-2 100,000-125,000 82,500 16 -i -i Gr C, Cl 1 ¼ min 80,000-100,000 50,000 18 -i -i Gr C, Cl 2 ¼ min 90,000-115,000 70,000 16 -i -i Gr C, Cl 3 ¼-2 100,000-125,000 82,500 16 -i -i Gr D, Cl 1 ¼ min 80,000-100,000 50,000 18 -i -i Gr D, Cl 2 ¼ min 90,000-115,000 70,000 16 -i -i Gr D, Cl 3 ¼-2 100,000-125,000 82,500 16 -i -i

ASTM A 543 Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Alloy Steel Plates, Quenched and Tempered, for Pressure Vessels Gr A & B, Cl 1 3/ 16 min 105,000-125,000 85,000 14 35at lOFi -i Gr A & B, Cl 2 3/16 min 115,000-135,000 100,000 14 35at10Fi -i

ASTM A 553 Eight and Nine Per Cent Nickel Alloy Steel Plates, Quenched and Tempered, for Pressure Vessels Grade A 2 max 100,000-120,000 85,000 20 25 at -320 Fi .015 at -320 F Grade B 2 max 100,000-120,000 85,000 20 25 at -275 Fi .015 at -275 F

ASTM A 593 Charpy V-Notch Toughness Requirements of Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels (See ASTM A 203 for composition and tensile properties and ASTM A 300 for Charpy keyhole-notch toughness)

ASTM A 203, Grade A, fully deoxidized, Nd 13 at -90 Fm ASTM A 203, Grade B, fully deoxidized, Nd 15 at -90 Fm ASTM A 203, Grade D, fully deoxidized, Nd 13 at -150 f n ASTM A 203, Grade E, fully deoxidized, Nd 15 at -150 Fn

ASTM A 605 Nickel-Cobalt-Molybdenum-Chromium Alloy Steel Plates, Quenched and Tempered, for Pressure Vessels 3/16 to 6 190,000-220,000 175,000g 14 50 40 at 75 Fi -i

ASTM A 645 Five Per Cent Nickel Alloy Steel Plate, Specially Heat Treated, for Pressure Vessels 1½ max 95,000-115,000 65,000 20 25 at -275 Fi .015 at -275 F

h Charpy keyhole notch. I Nickel 3.00 to 4.00% if thickness is over 4 inches. i To 1-inch thick plate, carbon higher for thicker plates. J Manufacturer and purchaser may agree on impact tests, see "Sup

plementary Requirements." If value is given, it is typical (not part of specification) or only a supplementary requirement.

mfor plates 2 inch or less in thickness, but -75 F for 2 to 3-inch plates.

k Or at a lower temperature as agreed by purchaser and manufac-

n For plates 2 inch or less in thickness, but -125 F for 2 to 3-inch plates.

turer. P V may be specified at .05% max. Note: If only minimum or no thickness is specified, the maximum thickness is limited only by the capacity of the composition to respond to the

heat treatment and meet the specified mechanical properties.

39

NICKEL ALLOY STEEL PLATES

Documents

Transcript of NICKEL ALLOY STEEL PLATES