Nguyen Van Hoa
Transcript of Nguyen Van Hoa
![Page 1: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
By Nguyen Van Hoa , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh, Nguyen Thi Hong Van, Tran Huu Le, Patrick Sorgeloos and
Gilbert van Stappen
Kenya, 27 – 29 October 2014
SUSTAINABLE ARTEMIA POND
PRODUCTION IN COASTAL SALTWORKS
AS A TOOL TO SOLVE AQUACULTURE
CHALLENGES
![Page 2: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
(FAO, 2014)
World Fisheries and Aquaculture production
50 %
2
![Page 3: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Vietnam Fisheries and Aquaculture production Thousand tonnes
Aquaculture Fisheries
Source: VASEP
≥ 50 %
3
70 %
Total production in Vietnam is 6.05 mill tons in 2013
![Page 4: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why Artemia? (Search in Google, 11/2011, 9/2014)
1. Environment: 224,000 ; 257.000 sites 2. Flocculation: 14,100; 514.000 3. Water treatment: 56,000; 88.100 4. Toxicology: 48,100; 68.000 5. Genetic: 105,000; 162.000 6. Biological: 243,500; 203,000 7. Culture systems: 37,200; 40,000 8. Nutrient: 103,000; 292,000 9. Application in aquaculture: 66,000; 234.000 10. Pet-fish: 25,900; 40,900 11. As feed for human: 113,000; 103,000 12. Biotechnology: 1,030,000; 1.660.000 13. Molecular: 162,000; 149,000 14. Bacteria: 248,000; 210,000 15. Production: 332,000; 3,140,000 16. Cyst production: 2,250,000; 89.900 17. Biomass production: 17,300; 59,200
![Page 5: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Several aquatic organisms require rotifers as starter food
umbrella Artemia
5
![Page 6: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Demand of Artemia cyst for 1 million
of PL’s
3 kg white shrimp
10-13 kg
prawn
3 kg for 5000 cobia fry
50-days old
3 kg
tiger shrimp
30 kg
mud-crab
6
![Page 7: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Artemia cyst demand forecast
1.600
1.720 ( 7.05)
1.858 ( 8.02)
2.043 ( 9.96)
2.248 ( 10.03)
2.472 ( 9.96 %)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
metric tons
7
![Page 8: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Urmia Lake, Iran Bohai Bay, China
![Page 9: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Great Salt Lake, USA
![Page 10: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
San Francisco Bay, USA
![Page 11: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Schematic diagram of a solar salt operation with natural occurrence of Artemia
Seawater intake wind direction 50g salt/l 100g/l 150g/l
200g/l 250g/l
salt precipation
Ovoviviparous Artemia
(continuous recruitment)
Ovoviviparous Artemia
Oviparous Artemia (no more recruitment)
Dying Artemia
Crystallisation cyst accumulation
gravitary flow
![Page 12: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
ADULTS
SUB-ADULT NEWLY HATCHED
NAUPLII
RIDING COUPLE
NAUPLII/CYST-BEARING FEMALE
DRY CYSTS = eggs
BREAKING STAGE
UMBRELLA STAGE
HYDRATED CYSTS
SW 35 ppt
Ovoviviparous
Oviparous
LIFE CYCLE OF ARTEMIA
Hatcheries
hooked graspers appear at 10th stage
![Page 13: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Vinh chau solar saltworks
![Page 14: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec jan feb mar
Salt production season Aquaculture season
Artemia culture season in Vinh Chau and Bac Lieu
Artemia production season
![Page 15: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15/86
Experimental station in Vinhchau solar saltworks
Sea
Mangrove forest
Reservoir 1
Reservoir 3
Crystallizer
Reservoir 2
![Page 16: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Artemia culture in Vinh Chau and
Bac Lieu salt-fields, Vietnam
16
Sea water 12-40 ppt
Reservoir 35-50 ppt
Crystallizer
Crystallizer
Evap.170-250 ppt
Crystallizer
Evap. 50-70 ppt
Evap. 90-150 ppt
Crystallizer
A saltstreets in Vinhchau saltworks (not to scale)
![Page 17: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Production
Artemia
Cyst
Culture system
Production model
Biomass
Culture system
products
Mono- or integration
Stagnant or flow-through
Batch or continuous harvesting
Alive or frozen
![Page 18: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Traditional
• Stagnant
• No fertilizer pond
Semi-/Intensive
• Fert. pond
• Extra-feeding
Bio-floc
• N:P
• C:N
• Formulated feed
Production
![Page 19: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Cu
ltu
re a
rea
(h
a)
Pro
du
cti
on
(T
on
ra
w c
ysts
)Y
ield
(k
g/h
a/cro
p
Culture area (ha) Total production (Ton, raw cysts) Yield (Kg/ha/crop)
Artemia cyst production in Vinh
chau and Bac lieu
19
Traditional/static/semi-inte
Intensive/N-P
Intensive/bio-floc
![Page 20: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20/38
Glance at Artemia production in Vinhchau
•Artemia pond culture
•Solar saltworks
•Season: dry period
•Earthen pond
•Salinity 80-100 ppt
•Feeding: GW, RB
•Current culture area: 500-700 ha
• Cyst yields: 40-200 kg ww/ha/season
•Total cyst production: 30-50 Tons/season (year)
![Page 21: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21/38
Cyst yield related to:
In which, 0 : Intercept 1, 2, ……., 7 : Parameters of respectively independent variables
X1 :(experiential years),
X2 :(training),
X3 :( risk of weather/materials quality),
X4 :(cost for variety per hectare),
X5 :(cost for feed and fertilizers per hectare),
X6 :(cost for labor) and
X7 :(cost for pond modification)
Number of households: 28
Y = 0 + 1X1 + 2X2 + 3X3 + 4X4 + 5X5 + 6X6 + 7X7
Nguyen Phu Son, 2010
![Page 22: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22/38
Pond management
•Pond monitoring
•Pop observation
•Applying GW
•Raking
•Feeding
![Page 23: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23/38
Stocking density > 20 naupli litre -1
Ponds are managed intensively (i.e. inoculation of selected strains, manipulation of primary and secondary production, predator control etc.)
evaporation ponds (0.5-0.7 ha), i.e. where salinity varies from 90 ppt to 150 ppt
a “kitchen pond” to produce green water as feed for Artemia
Traditional/static/semi-inte
Vu Do Quynh anh Nguyen, 1987
Tackaert and Sorgeloos, 1991
![Page 24: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24/38
“kitchen pond” to produce green water as feed for Artemia, in which basic fert.:
Organic manure: 0.5-1.25 Ton/ha
Inorg fert: 50-100 kg/ha
Additional fert.: Organic manure: 0.5 Ton/ha/wk
Inorg fert: 30-50 kg/ha/wk
Total: org manure app. 7 Ton/ha/crop
Inorg fert app.: 0.5-0.7 Ton/ha/crop
Vu Do Quynh anh Nguyen, 1987 Tackaert and Sorgeloos, 1991
Traditional/static/semi-inte
![Page 25: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25/38
Recently, rice-bran or formulated feed are used as supplementary feeds to enhance the cyst production.
In average, cyst production in Vinh Chau varies from less than 5 to 40 kg/ha/month, depending on the culture system (extensive vs. semi-intensive and intensive, respectively), and the climatic conditions.
Vu Do Quynh anh Nguyen, 1987 Tackaert and Sorgeloos, 1991; Nguyen Van Hoa et al., 2012
Traditional/static/semi-inte
![Page 26: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26/38 Control algae bloom, selected suitable algal species and mass culture
R11-SUB-PROJECT
•Stocking density,
•Culture systems and pond management procedures.
Cyst production
Nutrient management in Artemia pond culture
Nutrients (i.e. N,P...)
algae
Artemia
Sea water &
Pond bottom,
Fertilization
N, P Controlled
primary production
Enhancement
KEY ELEMENTS CONTROL AIM
Intensive/N-P
![Page 27: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27/38
Experimental set up
Stocking density 100 naupli liter -1, Fertilization, food: rice-bran, pig manure
•GW5+RB: green water (N:P=5:1) + rice bran;
•GW5+PM: green water (N:P=5:1) + pig manure;
•GW10+RB: green water (N:P=10:1) + rice bran;
•GW10+PM: green water (N:P=10:1) + pig manure;
day 5 after inoculation. Pig manure was applied at 200-300 kg DW ha-1 week-1 and rice-bran was added at a rate of 20-30 kg ha-1 day-1
Total: org manure app. 2-3 Ton/ha/crop Inorg fert app.: 0.2-0.3 ???Ton/ha/crop Rice-bran: 2.4 Ton/ha/crop
Intensive/N-P
Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh, 2009
![Page 28: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28/38
Table 7. Estimates of conversion ratio of rice bran, pig manure and chlorophyll a to Artemia biomass (300m2 pond-1).
Treatment GW5+RB GW10+RB GW5+PM GW10+PM
Total feed applied in Artemia pond
Rice bran (DW) (kg pond-1) 40.66 40.66 - -
(kg ha-1) 1355.27 1355.27 - -
Pig manure (DW)
(kg pond-1) - - 76.50 76.50
(kg ha-1) - - 2550.00 2550.00
Chl a (mg/L? pond-1)
52.71 60.72 52.71 60.72
(g ha-1) 1.76 2.02 1.76 2.02
Total Artemia biomass yield kg WW pond-1 67.512.3 63.711.4 69.619.3 54.69.8
kg ha-1 crop-1 2251410 2123380 2321643 1821327
Conversion ratio (kg rice bran kg-1 biomass) 0.62 0.12 0.65 0.13 - -
Conversion ratio (kg pig manure kg-1 biomass) - - 1.170.38 1.430.26
Conversion ratio (mg/L Chl a kg-1 biomass) 0.800.16 0.980.19 0.810.27 1.140.21
Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh, 2009
![Page 29: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29/38
Conclusions •applied N:P=5 and 10 in the fertilization pond; No differences in chlorophyll a concentration and algal composition. Bacillariophyta (diatoms) were the dominant group over the sampling period (Nitzschia longissima, N. longissima var reversa and N. acicularis).
•using N:P=5 combined with rice bran or pig manure Artemia growth, fecundity and total yields were enhanced >> N:P=10. However, biomass yield was not sig diff. (p >0.05).
•N:P=5 gave a slightly higher income, net profit and economic return than the N:P=10 treatments.
N:P=5 + RB 2251410 kg ha-1 crop-1
N:P=5 + PM 2321643 kg ha-1 crop-1 N:P=10 + RB 2123380 kg ha-1 crop-1 N:P=10 + PM 1821327 kg ha-1 crop-1
Intensive/N-P
![Page 30: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Environment
Traditional
• Stagnant
• No fertilizer pond
Semi-/intensive
• Fert. pond
• Extra-feeding
Bio-floc
• C:N
• Formulated feed
![Page 31: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31/38
If carbohydrate was added to the water column to enhance heterotrophic bacterial protein production, the protein level in the diet could be reduced from 40% to 25%, without compromising shrimp production. Carbohydrate addition in combination with a decreased dietary protein level improved the sustainability of shrimp farming in extensive shrimp.
Floc in aquaculture
Intensive/bio-floc
Hari et al. (2006)
![Page 32: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32/38
Bio-flocs technology (BFT) offers the possibility to: (1) maintain a good water quality within aquaculture systems and (2) produce additional food for the aquaculture organisms
P. De Schryver, R. Crab, T. Defoirdt, N. Boon, W. Verstraete (2008)
Intensive/bio-floc
Nyan Taw, 2009
Biochemical Composition of the Floc:
–Crude protein: 35-50 %
–Crude lipid: 0.6-12%
–High ash: 21-32%
Floc in aquaculture
![Page 33: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33/38
Treat 3 Treat 1 Treat 2
Recycling of nutrients in eutrophicated coastal waters of the Mekong delta, Vietnam, by Artemia production (Bilateral Project (2009-2010) and RIP project (2012-2016)
Intensive/bio-floc
![Page 34: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Experimental set-up (3 replicate each). Treatment 1: 35 ‰ (control) Treatment 2: 60 ‰
Treatment 3: 80 ‰
Treatment 4: 100 ‰
Monitoring
Temp(ºC), pH: twice a day (7 am and 2 pm)
Oxy, salinity, hardness, turbidity, water level, water color: daily (7 am): TN, NH4
+, NO2- , TP, PO4
3- , TOC,TSS, VSS, volume bio-floc: every 3 day. Bacteria. Alage (composition, density)
Experiment 1: Formation of biofloc in fertilizer pond at different salinities (35, 60, 80 and 100 ‰)
![Page 35: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Total count bacteria
Vibrio, Baccillus, Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter, Bacillus is dominant group
CF
U/m
l Experiment 1: Formation of biofloc in fertilizer pond at different salinities (35, 60, 80 and 100 ‰)
![Page 36: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21
Thời gian thí nghiệm (ngày)
Th
ể t
ích
bio
-flo
c (
ml/
L)
35 ppt 60 ppt 80 ppt 100 ppt
a
a
aa a
abab
b
aaa
aa
aaaa
aaa
a
a
a
aa
a
ab
b
a
aa
a
Volume of bio-floc
Shrimp pond varied 2 – 40 ml/L, fish pond goes up to 100 ml/L (Avnimelech, 2009)
Experiment 1: Formation of biofloc in fertilizer pond at different salinities (35, 60, 80 and 100 ‰)
![Page 37: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Treatment
Day 35 ppt 60 ppt 80 ppt 100 ppt
Width Length Width Length Width Length Width Length
7 62,6±30,2 93,6±30,4 59,8±25,9 76,7±27,4 51,6±28,8 81,4±46,6 39,7±11,4 74,5±30,5
14 71,0±20,4 105,3±30,9 57,5±22,3 102,6±36,4 61,5±30,5 97,9±51,4 37,1±26,1 61,3±36,8
21 52,3±18,7 98,2±55,7 55,3±19,4 80,6±41,6 32,5±19,6 66,3±28,3 33,8±15,8 49,7±22,2
Dimension of bio-floc (xstd, µm; n= 30)
Dimension of bio-floc increased slightly at day 14
Experiment 1: Formation of biofloc in fertilizer pond at different salinities (35, 60, 80 and 100 ‰)
![Page 38: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
35 ppt 60 ppt
80 ppt 100 ppt
1 scale = 25 μm
![Page 39: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Treatme
nt
Experimental duration
Day 7 Day 14 Day 21
Protein Lipid Tro* Protein Lipid Tro Protein Lipid Tro
35 ppt 12,2 b 0,80 a 69,9 b 17,4 a 1,05 a 67,1 a 9,3 a 0,65b 86,4 a
60 ppt 10,5ab 0,89 a 76,2 ab 16,4 a 0,92 a 70,4 a 12,4 b 1,02 a 74,8 a
80 ppt 9,8 a 0,77 a 80,6 a 15,6 a 1,08 a 69,9 a 10,4 a 0,83 ab 81,0 a
100 ppt 8,5 a 0,67 a 82,2 a 15,9 a 0,94 a 71,7 a 9,6 a 0,91 a 78,9 a
Basic biochemical composition of bio-floc
* Na+ (Sodium), K+ (Potassium), and Ca2+ (Calcium
Experiment 1: Formation of biofloc in fertilizer pond at different salinities (35, 60, 80 and 100 ‰)
![Page 40: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
•Bacteria were classified into: Baccillus/Nitrosomonas/Nitrobacter; vibrio was negligible and no observation at 100 ppt. However, more than 50% in the sample were not yet identified.
•Dimension of biofloc at salinity of 35 and 60 ppt > 80 and 100 ppt. Bio-floc at salinity of 80 and 100 ppt (Length x Width) 50 um, are suitable for Artemia.
•Biochemical of bio-floc: protein content is a bit low (the higher the salinity the lower the protein content be indicated)
40
Conclusion
Experiment 1: Formation of biofloc in fertilizer pond at different salinities (35, 60, 80 and 100 ‰)
![Page 41: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
(1) Batch culture to adult:
survival and growth
(2) Ind. Couple culture:
reproductive characteristics
and life-span
Experiment 2: Nutritional level of bio-floc and used as feed to Artemia
Bio-floc as feed to Artemia
![Page 42: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
BF_100
BF_80
BF_60
BF_35
Wild algae Culture volume: 7 L (x 4)
Aeration
salinty: 80 ppt
density: 100 ind./L
feeding: bio-floc was
screened with 50 µm mesh-
size prior feeding
duration: 13 day
Experiment 2: Nutritional level of bio-floc and used as feed to Artemia
ARTEMIA LAB CULTURE
![Page 43: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
BF_35 BF_60
BF_80 BF_100
magnified x400 (1 scale = 2,6 µm)
dimension of bio-floc
Experiment 2: Nutritional level of bio-floc and used as feed to Artemia
![Page 44: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Parameters Wild algae
(control)
BF_35 BF_60 BF_80 BF_100
Total embryo/
female 870,3±25,2b 435,1±40,1a 768,8±52,8b 764,5±100,4b 728,5±65,8b
Cyst ratio /life
span (%) 12,4±4,8a 26,2±11,0a 29,8±15,3a 33,9±8,5a 26,4±6,4a
No of brood 7,6±0,3b 5,3±0,4a 7,2±0,4b 7,2±0,5b 7,4±0,6b
Reproductive characteristics of Artemia
Experiment 2: Nutritional level of bio-floc and used as feed to Artemia
![Page 45: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Đối chứng BF_35 ppt BF_60 ppt BF_80 ppt BF_100 ppt
Tota
l em
bry
os p
er
fem
ale
Tổng số nauplii
Tổng số trứng cyst
Total embryos
Experiment 2: Nutritional level of bio-floc and used as feed to Artemia
Control
Total Nauplii
Total Cysts
![Page 46: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
ARTEMIA POND CULTURE
Control_100
BF_100
Control_80
BF_80
Culture volume: 150 m2 (x3)
salinty: 80 and 100 ppt
density: 100 ind./L
feeding: bio-floc Vs control
duration: 6 weeks
![Page 47: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Treatment Week 2 Week 3 Week 5 Week 6
Fecundity
(No Cyst/
female)
ĐC_80 36,1±16,3a 48,8±22,0a 90,5±20,2c 77,1±10,0b
BF_80 58,9±57,9b 60,8±28,2b 73,8±16,9b 92,6±15,1c
ĐC_100 60,3±39,9b 62,2±38,8b 66,8±8,5a 70,9±8,6a
BF_100 112,7±40,5c 104,3±27,0c 75,9±11,2b 78,1±9,8b
Fecundity of Artemia
Experiment 3: formation and development of bio-floc in Artemia pond
ĐC : control
![Page 48: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Cyst yield (kg/ha)
Experiment 3: formation and development of bio-floc in Artemia pond
Treatment
Cy
st y
ield
(k
g/h
a)
![Page 49: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Bio-floc developed well at 80 -100 ppt.
Bio-floc formed at 80-100 ppt are suitable feed for Artemia.
Bio-floc improved water quality and enhanced cyst production of Artemia (37,9 up to 50,4 kg/ha and 26,5 up to 42,1 kg/ha at 80 ppt and 100 ppt, respectively).
Conclusion
Experiment 3: formation and development of bio-floc in Artemia pond
![Page 50: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Extensive Semi-Int Intensive
Extensive org manure app. 7 Ton/ha/crop Inorg fert app.: 0.5-0.7 Ton/ha/crop
Semi-Int org manure app. 2-3 Ton/ha/crop Inorg fert app.: 0.2-0.3 Ton/ha/crop Rice-bran: 2.4 Ton/ha/crop
Intensive (BFT) org manure app. 1.5 Ton/ha/crop Inorg fert app.: negligible Tapioca: 0.72 Ton/ha/crop
7.0 (4.7)
2.5 (1.7)
1.5 (1.0)
Conclusion
![Page 51: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Ext
7.0
30-50
1.5-2.0
Semi
2.5
60-120
3.5-4.0
Int
1.5
150-200
6.0-7.5
Manure (T)
Yield (kg/ha)
Profit (x 1000 usd)
Conclusion
![Page 52: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Don’t forget …Artemia biomass is also an excellent
food for human being!!!
![Page 53: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Please....
![Page 54: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Enjoy with us…
![Page 55: Nguyen Van Hoa](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021420/587f3faa1a28ab8f108b7b82/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
thank you for your attention