NGEO REVIEWRay Sparling, Technical Support

January 20, 2016

Agenda

– Natural Gas

– Stationary Engines

• Types/Applications

– Vehicular Engines

• Types/Applications

• OEMs and Approvals

– Summary

– Open Discussion

Stationary Gas Engine Overview

• Generally very durable, robust designs

– Typically 40,000 hours between overhaulswith quality engine oils

– Engines rebuilt many times

– Engine reliability important to customer

• Generally operate at

– Constant speed

– High, continuous load

• Come in all power ranges

– 100 kW to 16 MW

– Most common application ~1 MW

– Typical cost ~1+ MM U.S. dollars

Why do gas engines need special oils?Because the engines run on methane gas!

The engines often generate severe oil stress

– Gas burns very hot (cogeneration engines run even hotter)

– Engines run at high load (often above full rated load)

– Stationary engines are often in remote operations

– Oxidation control is important, especially in 4-cycle applications

Natural gas usually contains no sulfur

– Less TBN is required

Gas is dry

– Oil ash controls valve wear in 4-cycle engines

– Minimum ash level is required for 4-cycle application

Ash deposits can lead to pre-ignition or port plugging

– Ash level must be optimized for 4-cycle applications

– Ashless oils are required for 2-cycle application

Recoverable Shale Gas in the U.S.

Horizontal Wells +Hydraulic Fracturing

NGEO ApplicationsFrom the Wellhead to the Powerplant

Typical Natural Gas Engine Type4-cycles with some 2-cycles

Large 2-cycles / large 4-cyclesLarge 2-cycles / large 4-cycles / Turbines

Large 4-cycles / TurbinesLarge 4-cycles / TurbinesMobile CNG / LNG engines

ApplicationWellhead Gathering

Gas Processing PlantsGas Pipelines / Compressor Stations

Residential Electric Power PlantsIndustrial Electric Power Plants

Natural Gas Vehicles

Main Gas Engine Builder

– America

• Caterpillar, Waukesha, GE Jenbacher, Cummins,

Detroit / Volvo, Dresser Rand, Cooper Compression, Wärtsilä.

– Europe

• GE Jenbacher, Waukesha, Caterpillar, MWM (Deutz Power

Systems), Wärtsilä, Rolls Royce, Guascor, MDE/MTU, MAN.

– Asia

• Caterpillar, GE Jenbacher, Weichai, Yammar, Komatsu,

Waukesha, Wärtsilä.

Gas Engine Technology Performance & Approvals

– No universal industry performance specifications as with Automotive Oils

– Most OEMs place the responsibility for oil selection and performance on the oil supplier

– Most OEMs have established oil selection guidelines

• Chemical and physical properties

• Proven field service

– Many OEMs have approval processes or recommend oils by brand name

No Industry-wide Specifications

Performance is determined by Extensive Field Testing

⦁ TYPICAL PROPERTIES

15w40

Specific Gravity @ 60° F 0,876

Flash (COC), °C (° F) 228 (440)

Pour Point, °C (° F) -36 (-33)

Viscosity, Kinematic

cSt @40 °C 114

cSt @100 °C 15.2

Viscosity Index 139

Total Base Number (TBN), ASTM D2896 6.2

Sulfated Ash, ASTM D874, wt % .77

Phosphorus, wt % 0.08

Zinc, wt % 0.088

Cold Cranking Viscosity, cP @ -20 °C 6,300

RUGGED NATURAL GAS ENGINE OIL

Rugged Natural Gas Engine Oil is a premium quality, dispersant-detergent natural gas engine oil

designed for use in mobile equipment. The formulation is low-ash and features excellent anti-

wear properties to protect pistons, liners and valve-trains against excessive wear. It provides

outstanding performance in transit, school and delivery fleets powered by Detroit Diesel,

Cummins or John Deere CNG or LNG engines in both normal and extended drain service

intervals.

Rugged Natural Gas Engine Oil possesses excellent oxidation and nitration resistance, as

well as outstanding protection against wear, rust, corrosion, foaming and aeration.

APPLICATIONS:•Transit buses

•School buses

•Delivery trucks

•Equipment with CNG or LNG engines

SPECIFICATIONS:•Cummins CES 200074

•Detroit Diesel Company 93K216

•Volvo CNG

•Renault RGD

•Mercedes Benz DC 226.9

•API CF-4

Endorsements:

Mack endorses this specific formulation

•A SUPERIOR PRODUCT BY COLORADO PETROLEUM

04-06-2015 TH

– Proven Field Performance

– Cummins CES 20074

• Excellent performance in double length Cummins C8.3G

– Excellent wear and deposit control

• Field test in Cummins B5.9 engines required for approval

• Cummins 20074 Approval obtained

– Detroit Diesel Corporation (DDC) – 93K216

• DDC completed a 1000 hour in-house engine test

• Field test completed in DDC 50G Series engines

• DDC Mobile Gas Engine Oil (MGO)

OEM & API Claims

– Additional OEM Claims:

• Volvo CNG

• MB 226.9

• Renault RGD

– API CF-4

OEM & API Claims

North America Natural Gas

Engines

ISB 6.7 G ISL G ISX 12 G HD 15ISX 15 G

No Image Available

No Image Available

D13G

• 6.7 liter• SEGR

• 8.9 liter• SEGR•250-320 hp

• 11.9 liter• SEGR• 320-400 hp

• 13 liter• HPDI

• 15 liter• SEGR

• 15 liter• HPDI• 400-550 hp

• 2015 launch • 2015 launch• 2014 launch• 2013 launch• Widely used • Available (costly)

Cummins C8.3G Engine

Test Duration 200 h

Engine Speed 2400 RPM

Power Output 200 kW

Fuel Feed Rate 43 kg/h

Gallery Oil Temp 106 °C

Coolant Temp 90 °C

Intake Air Temp 46 °C

Fuel Temp 20 °C

For Cummins CES 20074

Cummins - C8.3G Liner wear

CES 20074

Pass/Fail Limit for

200 h Test : 5 µm

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

GoodReference

Average Liner Wear, µm

GoodReference

PoorReference

PoorReference

Rugged Technology

@ 200h @ 400h

Lower

is Better

Cummins B5.9 CNG Field Test Valve RecessionValve Recession (In)

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

INTAKE EXHAUST

Valve Position

45400-1429545400-14296HDMO-14280

RuggedRugged

HDEOHDEO

Rugged vs HDEO

NGEO Field Test Unit– Detroit Diesel Approval

DDC Series 50G Field Test-Phase II

– Rugged NGEO Technology

• 275 hp, Detroit Diesel Series 50G

• Rugged NGEO technology has been field tested in a city bus fleet

• Field test protocol

• Test Duration: 120,000 miles (Approximately 2 years)

• Drain Interval: 6,000 miles

• Final inspections involved:

• Complete dismantling of all the engines

– Four Complete Engine Tear-Down Inspections done at DDC Dealership witnessed by DDC Field Representative

• Rating of piston deposits, valve deposits, sludge, etc.

• Visual inspection for valve train wear and bore polish

Detroit Diesel Piston deposit formation

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

Average Piston Deposit Rating (Demerit)

Good Reference (Fleet Oil) Rugged NGEO Technology

Lower

is Better

Detroit Diesel

DDC Series 50G field test conclusions

• Rugged NGEO Technology offers excellent performance in the areas of

– TBN depletion, TAN increase

– Oxidation/Nitration and bearing corrosion

• Engine cleanliness was excellent :

– Good ratings for sludge and valve deposits

– Piston deposit control was better than the lower ash Fleet Oil

Summary• Rugged NGEO provides

improved performance for Mobile

Gas Engines

• The product has improved

oxidation & nitration control in

addition to outstanding wear and

deposit benefits

• Rugged NGEO is formulated for

Extended Drain Mobile

Applications

• Excellent field and engine test

performance

Questions?