Nexus 1304 - new times magazine

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Transcript of Nexus 1304 - new times magazine

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JUNE – JULY 2006 www.nexusmagazine.com NEXUS • 1

N E X U SNEW TIMES MAGAZINE

Volume 13, Number 4 JUNE – JULY 2006

UK/Europe edition Website: http://www.nexusmagazine.com

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.............................................4

Comments from readers on NEXUS-related topics.

GLOBAL NEWS.............................................................6

We report on American physicists' protests againstUS nuclear policy, high-voltage electricity dosesthat kill cancer cells, RFID chip hacking and more.

WAS MARTIN BRYANT FRAMED?—Part 1.................1 1

By Carl Wernerhoff. It's been 10 years since themassacre at Port Arthur, Tasmania, but authoritiesstill ignore concerns that there is no firm evidenceimplicating Martin Bryant as the gunman.

HEALTH DANGERS OF INDOOR MOULDS..............19

By Luke Curtis et al. Moulds and the mycotoxinsthey produce are a major health threat around theworld. Tests to detect their presence and aiddiagnosis need to be adopted on a wide scale.

THE FAR WEST DRUG META-GROUP—Part 1...........25

By Peter Dale Scott. The international drug trafficserves not just local drug lords and their armies butpowerful poli tical and economic interests,particularly in Russia and America.

PARASITE ELIMINATION: CARBON ARC LAMP........33

By Carmi B. Hazen. An ear ly 20th-centurytechnology utilising high-energy, full-spectrum lighthas been rediscovered in the fight against parasites.

THE SCALE-EXPANDING COSMOS THEORY.............39

By C. Johan Masreliez. A new model of cosmicscale expansion agrees better with astronomicalobservations than the Big Bang theory does, andmay provide the missing link between generalrelativity and quantum mechanics.

SCIENCE NEWS..........................................................47

This edition we feature the Rainbox water generatorthat extracts water from air, the "Massive Yet Ti n y "engine that has a high power-to-weight ratio, andMarcus Reid's crystal units that run on ambient heator perhaps the energy of the vacuum.

SENATOR BARRY GOLDWATER ON UFOs................51

By Clark C. McClelland. A chance encounter withSenator Barry Goldwater during the Apollo 11launch countdown was an opportunity to discussclassified information on UFO sightings.

THE QUEST FOR THE METAL LIBRARY......................57

By Philip Coppens. A system of tunnels and cavesbeneath Ecuador and Peru is said to hold anancient treasure-house of artefacts including twolibraries, one containing inscribed metal books.

THE TWILIGHT ZONE................................................62

Our news from "out there" includes the UFO revela -tions of "Pentagon hacker" Gary McKinnon, whofaces extradition to the USA; and testimony from aformer military intelligence analyst who saw UFOevidence in his work with photo-interpreters.

R E V I E W S — B o o k s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7"The Electric Mirror on the Pharos Lighthouse..." by L. B. Radka"The Sion Revelation" by Lynn Picknett and Clive Prince"The Chaos Point" by Ervin Lazslo"Conversations with the Soul" by Lawrence Follas"Work Wonders: Feed...Raw Meaty Bones" by Tom Lonsdale"The Hidden Story of Cancer" by Brian Peskin with Amid Habib"Iraq Confidential" by Scott Ritter"Genuine Freedom" by Matt Engelman"Cancer: Its Cause and Treatment..." by Robert Bell, MD"An American Demonology" by Colin Bennett"Conscious Healing: the Regenetics Method" by Sol Luckman"The Great War for Civilisation" by Robert Fisk"The Ringing Cedars Series" by Vladimir Megre

REVIEWS—DVDs & Videos.........................................74"Rooted: Dangers of Root Canal Therapy" by Robert Gammal"Secret Space: The Illuminati's Conquest of Space" by Enigma TV"lightSOURCE with Hemi-Sync: A Sacred Geometry Experience"

R E V I E W S — M u s i c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5"One World, One Kid" by various artists"A Visit to Ali Farka Touré" by Marc Huraux"Música Para Después de Almuerzo" by Bitman & Roban"Honoring" by various artists"Brazilian Lounge" by various artists

NEXUS BOOKS, VIDEOS, ADS, SUBS...................81–88

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NEXUS MAGAZINEVolume 13, Number 4

JUNE – JULY 2006PUBLISHED BY

NEXUS Magazine Pty Ltd, Australia

EDITORDuncan M. Roads

CO-EDITORCatherine Simons

ASSISTANT EDITOR/SUB-EDITORRuth Parnell

OFFICE ADMIN/EDITORS' ASSISTANTSJenny Hawke; Susie Foster

UK OFFICE ADMINMarcus Allen; Alex Allen

CONTRIBUTORS THIS ISSUECarl Wernerhoff; Luke Curtis, MS, CIH et al.,

Peter Dale Scott, PhD; Carmi B. Hazen;C. Johan Masreliez, PhD;

Clark C. McClelland; Philip Coppens

CARTOONSPhil Somerville

COVER GRAPHICJeff Edis, [email protected]

PRINTINGGoodhed Print Group, Bicester, Oxon., UK

DISTRIBUTIONSeymours, London, UK

NEXUS UK OFFICE - 55 Queens Rd, E. Grinstead,West Sussex, RH19 1BG.

Ph: 01342 322854; Fax: 01342 324574e-mail address: [email protected]

Website: www.nexusmagazine.com

EUROPE OFFICE - Postbus 10681, 1001 ERAmsterdam, The Netherlands.

Ph: +31 (0)228 324076; Fax: +31 (0)228 312081e-mail address: [email protected]

HEAD OFFICE - Articles, Reviews, etc.PO Box 30, Mapleton, Qld 4560, Australia.

Ph: +61 7 5442 9280; Fax: +61 7 5442 9381e-mail address: [email protected]

ITALY OFFICE - c/- Avalon Edizioni, PiazzaMazzini 52, 35137 Padova, Italy

e-mail address: [email protected]

USA OFFICE – PO Box 1248, Walterboro, SC 29488

Tel: +1 843 549 5985; Fax: +1 877 349 1928Email: [email protected]

STATEMENT OF PURPOSENEXUS recognises that humanity is undergoing amassive transformation. With this in mind, NEXUSseeks to provide 'hard-to-get' information so as toassist people through these changes. NEXUS is notlinked to any religious, philosophical or politicalideology or organisation.

PERMISSION-TO-REPRODUCE POLICYWhile reproduction and dissemination of the infor-mation in NEXUS is actively encouraged, anyonecaught making a buck out of it, without our expresspermission, will be in trouble when we catch them!

WARRANTY AND INDEMNITY

Advertisers upon and by lodging material with the Publisher for publication or authorising or approving of the publication of any material INDEMNIFY thePublisher and its servants and agents against all liability claims or proceedings whatsoever arising from the publication and without limiting the generality of theforegoing to indemnify each of them in relation to defamation, slander of title, breach of copyright, infringement of trademarks or names of publication titles, unfaircompetition or trade practices, royalties or violation of rights or privacy AND WARRANT that the material complies with all relevant laws and regulations and thatits publication will not give rise to any rights against or liabilities in the Publisher, its servants or agents and in particular that nothing therein is capable of beingmisleading or deceptive or otherwise in breach of the Part V of the Trade Practices Act 1974. All expressions of opinion are published on the basis that they arenot to be regarded as expressing the opinion of the Publisher or its servants or agents. Editorial advice is not specific and readers are advised to seek professionalhelp for individual problems. The publisher reserves the right to refuse any advertising material for any reason. © NEXUS New Times 2006

Editorial

It is now 10 years since the infamous Port Arthur massacre in Tasmania. For as manyyears, people from diverse backgrounds have been investigating and collectinginformation which they believe is evidence that Martin Bryant (who "confessed" to the

shootings) was not the killer and has been framed. Several mainstream publications ranarticles to mark the 10th anniversary, but even they were accused of opening wounds inorder to sell papers. The trouble is, using their own metaphor, wounds which are nothealing need to be reopened and re-examined, which is certainly the case with events atPort Arthur. Part one of our three-part series looks at some of the basic problems with thetheory that Martin Bryant single-handedly killed all those people. For example, witnessesclaim the shooter was firing from the right hip, yet Bryant is left-handed. There are morethan enough problems to cast considerable doubt on the entire "official" story.

It doesn't take much to see that there is a growing rift between the USA under theneocons, and Russia under Putin. Putin has kicked out, or locked up, foreign controllersof what he considers to be Russia's natural assets. This means that some seriouslyannoyed oligarchs are licking their wounds in Israel and the UK, plotting revenge onPutin. Their plans involve using "terrorists" to destabilise key areas surrounding Russia.Recently, the anti-Putin oligarchs recruited Neil Bush to help them in the undeclared waralready being waged against Russia. If you want to become more informed on thebackground, read Peter Dale Scott's series on "The Far West Drug MetaGroup", part oneof which is in this issue.

Speaking of Russia, I must comment on The Ringing Cedars series of books I havestarted reading. They have sold millions of copies in Russia and have been translated intomany other languages, but are only now being published in English. You may recall areader recently sending a Letter to the Editor, saying he had found some Russian bookswhich made everything he had read in the last 20 years seem like a complete waste ofpaper (and this from a serious truth-seeker!). Well, I checked out the books, and I findmyself agreeing with him. These books are absolutely amazing! They are certainly themost thought-provoking material to come my way in quite a while, and that is sayingsomething! I have included a review of the first three books in the Book Reviews section,and I will cover more in future issues.

NEXUS has published many articles discussing the role of parasites and other micro-organisms that take up residence (or mutate into new organisms) in the body after pH orother changes in the blood. More diseases than you'd think are the result of theseorganisms, even though we usually blame a "virus". Ways to rid the body of these critterscan vary, as can the success rate. Successful choices available include herbs, zapping,urine therapy and colloidal silver, to name a few. One of the most difficult parasites toremove is the tapeworm—or should I say was. Be sure to read the article this issue on theamazing effects of high-energy light from the carbon arc lamp. The author even describeshow you can build your own lamp.

While on the subject of health, be sure to read the article on the health effects of indoormoulds (or "molds" if you are in the US empire). If you can smell mould or dampness inyour house or work environment, then you need to realise that you are inhaling zillions ofspores of micro-organisms that can gradually, or dramatically, alter your health for theworse. In fact, every time you "smell" anything, it basically means that foreign moleculesare going straight up the nose, into the bloodstream and into the brain. Think about that.Fragrances from personal care products and even subliminal smells that affect you withoutyour knowledge (e.g., pheremones) all add to the workload for your immune system.

We've decided not to hold any NEXUS conferences in 2006, but we are planning atleast one conference, probably two, for 2007. If you can recommend any "different"venues or locations, I am keen to hear from you.

In closing this editorial, I'm sorry to have to inform readers of the sudden death in earlyMay of Robert Adams in New Zealand. Among other things, Robert invented the PulsedElectric Motor Generator and put it into public domain through NEXUS Magazine back inthe early 1990s. I will miss all our great chats, Robert.

Duncan

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Kenneth Arnold UFO SearchDear colleagues: I wonder if you

could help me, please. I am tryingto trace the daughter of the lateKenneth Arnold. It is my hope andintention to try to make thedefinitive documentary on the lateKenneth Arnold and firmly cementhis rightful place in ufologicalhistory. His daughter is KimPurvis, or Kim Arnold Purvis.

If you know where I can contactKim Purvis, or know of anyonewho may be able to help me locateher, then I would be extremelygrateful if you could contact me.

Thank you very much for yourassistance with this request.

Yours sincerely,Philip Mantle, 49 East Leigh

Drive, Tingley, near Wakefield,West Yorkshire WF3 1PF, UK,email [email protected] s w o r l d . c o . u k

9/11 and Other ConspiraciesDear Duncan: In reply to Mark

L.'s letter on 9/11 in yourApril–May issue [13/03], I havespent the past nine yearsresearching the NWO's agenda andhave recently published two booksin Australia: C o n s p i r a c y ? and itssequel, The Face of Evil. Both ofthese novels seek to expose thetruth behind what really happenedat Dunblane, Port Arthur andOklahoma City and during theevents of 9/11 and its aftermath.

There is no doubt in my mind that9/11 was a "put-up job". Bothbuildings were demolished. Theplanes were only a smokescreen todisguise this fact (as was the ANFObomb that supposedly broughtdown the Murrah Building inOklahoma City). For those whowant to pursue this further, mybooks, although written as novels,are based on fact and use realnames, dates and verifiable c o d enames to prove the point.

As Mark says, there is nowoverwhelming video evidence thatat least one of the planes hitting thetowers was a military refuelling j e t ,not a commercial airliner. Of theothers, no plane wreckage was everfound at the alleged "crash site" inPennsylvania (early news footage,which was later rapidly changed,showed debris spread over an eight-mile radius, indicative of a mid-airexplosion). Likewise, no planedebris was ever found at the

Pentagon, nor any "identifiable"debris at the towers.

Former German cabinet ministerAndreas von Bülow is nowclaiming that Building 7—MayorGiuliani's emergency commandcentre—was used as the controlcentre for the attack and that it, too,was demolished that sameafternoon—without being hit bya n y t h i n g !

As an architect, I know howdifficult it is to calculate the correctplacement of just the right amountof explosives in the right locationsto bring down a building of that sizein a perfect sequence. It would takemany days, if not weeks, tocalculate placement in the structureand rig the demolition of onebuilding, let alone three...

The major world media are nowcontrolled by only eight individuals.We are being fed only what theywish to dish up and if questions areever asked of our politicians, theyinevitably claim total amnesia ordepartmental incompetence...

It is only through publications likeN E X U S and access to the Internetthat we have any voice at all. Thetruth is out there. Wake up beforeit's too late!

John Wollaston, Sydney,Australia, website http://www.conspiracytruths.com

Solar Cells and Super-BatteriesHello. I saw your news snippet

last issue about the South Africansolar cells, and was very excited[see Science News, 13/03]. I'mgoing to South Africa on businessfor the first time in 2–3 months, andwill look into this further. I havefound some more articles on this.

In 1986 at the University of NSW,Australia, a super-battery wasdeveloped, called the VanadiumRedox system.

Combine those solar cells withthis technology and you have asolution to the bulk of energyneeds. A Canadian company tookover the Redox invention and isslowly developing it. Too bad wecould not have done it in Australia.

Regards, Tom M., Arcadia, NSW,

A u s t r a l i a

Is Time Speeding Up? Hi, Duncan: I am a sometime

reader of NEXUS, generally when I

am flying around Australia for myjob, as it always seems to beavailable in the airport newsagencybut not so much at my local outlet.

Your opening paragraph in youreditorial caught my attention:"Does time appear to be speedingup?" The short answer is, "Yes, itis"; most people feel it, and theanswer why is simple.

Many years ago I joined theSukyo Mahikari organisation,mostly because it was able to offeranswers to questions the variousreligions and science could notgive. I heard many predictionsabout the planet's c u r r e n t p e r i o d ,all of which have come horriblytrue, but the part that relates to yourquestion concerns what is calledthe "age of fire" or "reversal ofheaven's will" or "baptism by fire".

Many organisations and prophetshave spoken of this time where Godreasserts his control of the world.Because we are returning to a spirit-centred era, karma must bebalanced and this calls for the so-called natural disasters, diseases andconflicts to increase dramatically.

We are approaching the peak ofthis great cleansing; and as the "fireenergy" in the universe i n c r e a s e s ,humans because of their connectionto the Creator are able to perceivethis increase as a speeding up oftime. It's as simple as that. I amsure many would want to disagree,but it works for me.

Best regards,Gary S., Montrose, Tasmania

DuPont's Teflon DeceptionHi Duncan: We recently came

across a deceptive line of salesregarding the use of the word" T e f l o n " . Apparently DuPont hasbeen given 10 years to withdraw allTeflon from the market because theproduct does not break down and isbeing found in humans and theenvironment.

This seems to have spurredDuPont into releasing Teflon ontothe market as its chemical namepolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) andproclaiming it "Teflon-free". It isall based on the same chemical, andit seems that DuPont is trying tomaintain its market while using thesame product. Have you noticedhow the majority of cookware isnow PTFE-coated? DuPont ismaking it cheap enough for all

manufacturers to use it. All non-stick cooking surfaces are

based on PTFE—even if it isproclaimed as Teflon-free.

Great magazine; keep up the goodwork.

Cheers, James

Writing from the HeartDuncan: Just received NEXUS

vol. 13, no. 3. As always, I amappreciative of the mail delivery ofyour magazine, more so than theothers I receive. I was rathercurious that in your editorial youasked: "What does it mean to 'writefrom the heart'?" Were you beingfacetious, or are you truly in doubtabout what "from the heart" means?

"From the heart" is the initialfeeling we sense in regards to anysituation; that very first feeling inthe heart, your very being speakingto you. Following that comes therationalisations, the fears, e.g., I'dbetter not write that; they'll thinkI'm crazy, or I may offend myadvertisers, etc.

If you see a beggar on the streetand your initial reaction is to givehim some money, feed him,whatever, this is followed by thethoughts that he's probably acharlatan, probably drives anexpensive car that is parked aroundthe corner, will probably blowwhatever money I give him ondrugs, etc. Yet your heart spoke toyou, saying, "Stretch out your handand be a source of love andinspiration", but your ego gives youa thousand reasons why not to.

So can you write from the heart?Not many journalists do today; theyare too motivated by money, powerand prestige, and are not concernedabout publishing their true feelings,beliefs or facts.

In your case, my friend, I ampositive you are fully capable ofwriting from the heart; if not,NEXUS Magazine may not have avery long future life.

Actually, every editorial, everyletter and every article prompts meto write from the heart, but myegotistical fears usually prevent mefrom doing so.

Keep up the fine work, and pleaseconsider a monthly publication:two months is just too long to wait.

S i n c e r e l y ,Gary M. L.

Letters to the Editor ...

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MNCs Ruin Poultry FarmersThe multinational companies

(MNCs) of Western countrieshave deliberately sought to destroythe poultry industry in China, Indiaand many Asian countries.

A massive campaign has beenlaunched against the poultryfarmers of India, with the help oftraitors among the politicians andbureaucrats.

It is as clear as daylight that theM N C s are behind this massivefraud against the Indian poultryfarmers. They are hellbent ondestroying the poultry industry inIndia, which employs more thanthree million persons and has ahuge turnover of Rs 35,000 crore(Rs 350 billion). It is one of thelargest industries of India; ourcountry cannot afford to suffer hugel o s s e s .

Where have all the dead chickensgone in India? All the chickenskilled in the name of bird flu havenot been buried. Most of the meatof these killed chickens has beensecretly sold and supplied for Rs 15or more per kilo on the blackmarket. At the behest of corruptpoliticians, the chickens have beengrabbed by the bureaucrats for onlyone or two rupees from the poor,helpless poultry farmers.

Now farmlands will be snatchedfrom the bankrupt poultry farmersby the corrupt politicians andbureaucrats with the help of loansharks. These farmlands will besold to the MNCs, rich NRIs [non-resident Indians] and even therelatives of politicians andbureaucrats in many b e n a m i d e a l sat very low prices after taking heftybribes.

The bankrupt farmers will beforced to part with their lands b ythe loan sharks, politicians andbureaucrats to pay off their loans.

Many other poultry farmers w i l lalso be forced to commit suicidedue to the bankruptcy caused bytheir inability to pay back thel o a n s . . .

A s h o k T. Jaisinghani, editor andpublisher, Pune, India,A s h o k J a i @ S a n c h a r n e t . i n ,h t t p : / / w w w . S i n d h i K a l a k a r . c o m

Jenner's Inoculation Fraud Dear Sir: I would like to add a

bit to Patrick C.'s excellent letter"Failure of Vaccinations" (NEXUSApril–May 2006, 13/03), in which

he states: "Edward Jenner'sdiscovery was not a medicalbreakthrough..." It certainly wasn o t .

But to get a true understanding ofthe global multibillion-dollarvaccination/immunisation crime,one must refer to Dr CharlesCreighton's book Jenner andV a c c i n a t i o n ( 1 8 8 9 ) . In this, thegreat pathologist (1847–l927)pursued a meticulous study ofJenner's pernicious confidencetrick—namely, that the "inoculationof cowpox will protect the humanbody from the smallpox". Ofcourse it could not. C r e i g h t o nfound that Jenner was so desperateto have his "discovery" accepted bythe medical and veterinary trades(1796–1800s) that he had theaudacity to call cowpox "smallpoxof the cow". Of course, suchdiseases are entirely different. B u t ,if you tell a lie long enough...

During the course of the 19thcentury, medics realised thatvaccinating—Jenner never usedthat word—against smallpox was awonderful money-spinner, and hehimself was given 30,000 poundsby the British government. In1810, that was a huge fortune.

With the invention of the syringe,there was no stopping themonstrous vaccine push for manyd i s e a s e s . To this day, a vaccine isbeing pushed for almost everymedical and veterinary condition.It is 21st-century voodoo medicineand is causing medical andveterinary disasters.

Jenner was not a qualified doctor:he b o u g h t his medical doctoratefrom a university.

Yours faithfully, Terence M., London, UK

Cymatics and Toxic Mercury Thanks for the article on

cymatics! Just to let you know,there is an upcoming conferencededicated to cymatics: "Cymatics:The Science of Sound andVibrational Healing", October20–22, 2006, Atlanta, Georgia. Seethe websitehttp://www.cymatherapy.com.

On another note, thanks for all theinformation on mercury toxicity. Idiscovered my high levels ofmercury came from using contactlens solutions, (unknowingly)containing thimerosal, for 15+years. These solutions were taken

off the market in the mid- to late'80s. Another source of mercury!

Mandara C., Atlanta, GA, USA

Energy Healing Relieves MSDear Editor: I have spent close to

three years in a wheelchair sincebeing diagnosed with MS in '95.

After my initial diagnosis, Icontinued to work and travel theworld as part of my duties: sellingand training customers withsoftware for public transportdeveloped here in Adelaide.

After a six-month period inFrance, followed by 12 months inthe UK, I returned to Adelaideweighing 127 kg. My movementhad also deteriorated, as had myself-esteem. Having been forced toleave work, my overall well-beingdeclined further. I was forced touse a wheelchair in 2003. I tried anumber of alternative therapies thathad slight benefits for me. But mymood was somewhat dark.

Then, on 13 May 2005, I met MsWendy Starick, a talented healer.Wendy uses energy healingmassage and chakra cleaning. Afterthree treatments I noticed adifference, firstly to my mood.Then, after my fifth treatment, Istarted to walk, startling a numberof friends who had never seen mestand.

Each week I see Wendy, there is asteady improvement. She has notonly improved my mobility, but hashelped me lose fear, dread anduncertainty, replacing them withself-confidence and certainty thatsoon I will be back to my pre-'95c o n d i t i o n .

Wendy has given me back my lifeby having me rejoin life. At everychance I get, I try to tell people ofmy journey. The greatestpercentage are very impressed tohear of this wonderful, empathic,intuitive healer. Wendy deserves somuch recognition; she performs heramazing work and only chargesA$45 for up to a 90-minute session.She is totally remarkable, and Ibelieve of benefit to anyone whoseeks her out. Wendy wants tomake her talent available toeveryone in need, no matter theirfinancial or social status.

I am happy to provide furtherdetails if you feel that Wendy'sremarkable story has merit; mycontact details are below.

Yours sincerely, Malcolm Kean, 2B Gosse

Avenue, Glenelg North SA 5045,Australia, tel (08) 8295 1451, [email protected]

Out-of-Body ResearchDear Editor: I am a PhD student

researching out-of-bodyexperiences. I am trying to reachpeople who have had suchexperiences; hence this email.

I think NEXUS Magazine is thebest possible way of letting peopleknow what I am doing and to"recruit" participants for my study.Is it possible to advertise a"research notice" in your magazine?

For more information about mystudy, please visit my website,http://www.gooutofbody.com.

Thank you for your time and help.Have a nice day,

Tomas Pernecky, PhD candidate,Wageningen University, TheN e t h e r l a n d s

C O R R E C T I O N :The article "Al-Qaeda, US Oil

Companies and Central Asia" by DrPeter Dale Scott (NEXUS, v o l u m e13, no. 3) gave the misleadingimpression that the Al-Amoudiinterest controlled Delta Oil andcontributed to the Muwafaq(Blessed Relief) charity and thisreference might be widelyinterpreted as referring to the Saudibusinessman and philanthropistSheikh Mohammed Hussein Al-A m o u d i .

In fact, the Sheikh had noshareholding or managementinterest in Delta Oil during theperiod in question, nor has he at anytime contributed funds to theMuwafaq (Blessed Relief)charitable foundation.Furthermore, he wishes it to beknown that he has never knowinglycontributed to any charitysupporting terrorism and is a strongopponent of terrorism as aninstrument of policy.

The reference to Muwafaq wasnot part of the original submissionof Dr Peter Dale Scott to N E X U Sbut was accidentally included froman earlier draft that had beensubsequently corrected by Dr DaleScott after he was satisfied that itwas based on incorrect information.

... more Letters to the EditorNB: Please keep letters toapprox. 150 to 250 words

in length. Ed.

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MYSTERY MOUSE VIRUSFOUND IN PROSTATE

CANCER PATIENTS

Researchers say they havefound a virus in the prostate

of some cancer patients—aremarkable discovery that maysuggest micro-organisms couldplay a role in causing this cancer.

The virus, closely related toone previously found only inmice, was found in cancerousprostates removed from menwith a certain genetic defect.The researchers, with theUniversity of California, SanFrancisco, and the ClevelandClinic, presented the findings atan American Society of ClinicalOncology meeting in SanFrancisco.

"We have made a veryfascinating discovery never before seen inhumans [of a virus] that is very similar toone found in a mammal that causescancer," said Dr Eric Klein of theCleveland Clinic. "But we have notproven this virus causes prostate cancer."

This finding has planted naggingsuspicions in the minds of scientists thatsome diseases may play important rolesalongside genetics, environment andchance in causing breast, stomach andseveral other forms of cancer.

Researchers are not sure how the mousevirus infected people, but suspect it hasbeen passed on genetically for manygenerations.

"This is a class of virus no one wouldhave looked for in prostate cancer," said

UCSF researcher Joe DeRisi, whodeveloped the so-called "gene chip" thatmade the discovery. DeRisi's chipcontains 20,000 snippets of vital geneticmaterial from every known virus. It is thesame chip that confirmed a previouslyundiscovered virus in the cold family thatcaused the SARS outbreak three years ago.

"We haven't really been thinking alongthose lines," said Dr Anthony Zietman, aradiation oncologist at MassachusettsGeneral Hospital. "This is an interestingfinding that will take off in a whole newdirection."(Source: San Jose Mercury News , 24 Feb2006, http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/living/health/13950601.htm)

HIGH-VOLTAGEELECTRICITY DOSES KILL

CANCER CELLS

Scientists from Old DominionUniversity and Eastern Virginia

Medical School say they've killedmelanomas in mice usingextremely short, high-voltagedoses of electricity. T h eresearchers told the Virginian-Pilotthat they've never had a tumourthat did not respond to thetreatment.

Richard Nuccitelli, associateprofessor of electrical andcomputer engineering at OldDominion, said the method mighteventually turn into an effectivecancer treatment.

The electric bursts oftendisrupted the blood flow to thetumour cells and shrank their

nuclei by 50 per cent, Nuccitelli said. Thetumours died after two or three weeks oftreatments. Each session involvedhundreds of electrical pulses, each lessthan one one-millionth of a second andcarrying 4,000 volts.

Nuccitelli said he and his colleaguesbelieve the process works by severelydamaging DNA in the cells. The treatmentproduced no scarring and did not harmadjacent cells. All of the research micesurvived, with no ill effects.

The scientists said additional researchwill be needed before they can experimenton people.

The research is to appear online in thejournal Biochemical and BiophysicalResearch Communications. (Source: Physorg.com, 13 March 2006,http://www.physorg.com/news11697.html)

BRAIN CELLS FUSED WITHSILICON CHIP

The line between living organisms andmachines has just become a whole lot

blurrier. European researchers havedeveloped "neurochips" in which livingbrain cells and silicon circuits are coupledtogether.

The achievement will one day enable thecreation of sophisticated neural prosthesesto treat neurological disorders, or thedevelopment of organic computers thatcrunch numbers using living neurons.

To create the neurochip, researcherssqueezed more than 16,000 transistors andhundreds of capacitors onto a silicon chipjust one millimetre square in size.

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They used special proteins found in thebrain to glue brain cells—neurons—ontothe chip. However, the proteins acted asmore than just a simple adhesive.

"They also provided the link betweenionic channels of the neurons andsemiconductor material in a way thatneural electrical signals could be passed tothe silicon chip," said study team memberStefano Vassanelli from the University ofPadua in Italy.

The proteins allowed the neurochip'selectronic components and its living cellsto communicate with each other.Electrical signals from neurons wererecorded using the chip's transistors, whilethe chip's capacitors were used to stimulatethe neurons.

"Pharmaceutical companies could usethe chip to test the effect of drugs onneurons, to quickly discover promisingavenues of research," Vassanelli said.

The researchers are now working onways to avoid damaging the neuronsduring stimulation.

The team is also exploring thepossibility of using a neuron's geneticinstructions to control the neurochip.(Source: LiveScience, 27 March 2006,h t t p : / / w w w . l i v e s c i e n c e . c o m / h u m a n b i o l o g y / 0 60327_neuro_chips.html)

PHYSICISTS WARN AGAINSTNUCLEAR WAR WITH IRAN

Thirteen of the most prominentphysicists in the USA have written a

letter to President Bush, calling US plansto reportedly use nuclear weapons againstIran "gravely irresponsible" and warningthat such action would have "disastrousconsequences for the security of the UnitedStates and the world".

The physicists include five Nobellaureates, a recipient of the National Medalof Science and three past presidents of theAmerican Physical Society, the nation'spre-eminent professional society forphysicists.

The letter was initiated by Jorge Hirsch,a professor of physics at the University ofCalifornia, San Diego, who last autumnput together a petition signed by more than1,800 physicists that repudiated new USnuclear weapons policies that include pre-emptive use of nuclear weapons againstnon-nuclear adversaries.

"The fact that the existence of this planhas not been denied by the Administrationshould be a cause of great alarm, even if itis only one of several plans being

considered," Professor Hirsch commented."The public should join these eminentscientists in demanding that theAdministration publicly renounce such amisbegotten option against a non-nuclearcountry like Iran."

The letter, which is available at webpage http://physics.ucsd.edu/petition/physicistsletter.html, points out that"nuclear weapons are unique amongweapons of mass destruction", and that intoday's arsenals they have a total power ofmore than 200,000 times the explosiveenergy of the bomb that levelledHiroshima, which caused the deaths ofmore than 100,000 people.(Source: University of California, SanDiego, 17 April 2006; NewsWise, http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/519690/)

MI6 ADVERTISES FOR SPIES

Ahalf-page advertisement in the T i m e scareers supplement offers jobs for

"operational officers", technology expertsand "thoroughly efficient administrators".

MI6 has been shrouded in secrecy formost of its 97-year history. Theorganisation was not even officiallyacknowledged to exist until just over adecade ago.

"Staff who join SIS can look forward toa career that will have moments when thegap narrows just a little and the certaintyof a stimulating and rewarding careerwhich, like Bond's, will be in the service oftheir country," says the MI6 ad.

It says the agency operates around theworld to make Britain "safer and moreprosperous" and hires "people we can

depend on because everyone in the UKdepends on them".

Those applying are warned that theyshould not tell anyone other than a spouseor closer partner that they are putting theirname in.(Source: BBC News, 27 April 2006)

FORMER MI6 AGENTTOMLINSON STARTS BLOGSITE

Former MI6 agent Richard Tomlinsonhas decided to start his own blogsite in

an effort to publicly air his long-runningbattle with his former employer.

Tomlinson was famously imprisoned in1997 for breaking the 1989 OfficialSecrets Act by attempting to publish abook detailing his career. The book wasfinally published in 2001 after the Court ofAppeal of England and Wales ruled in hisfavour.

It is alleged that Tomlinson published alist of 116 alleged MI6 agents on one ofLyndon LaRouche's websites. He hasalways denied being responsible for itspublication. In the book, he states: "IfMI6 had set out to produce a list thatcaused me the maximum incrimination,but caused them the minimum damage,they could not have done a better job." Nodefinitive proof has ever been provided tolink him with the list.

Says Tomlinson: "I've been involved ina long-running battle since April 25th,1996, with my former employees, MI6(British Secret Intelligence Service)....MI6 relied on their considerable budget(from the taxpayer) and lots of threats,writs and pompous claims that I was a

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'danger to national security', in order tosilence and discredit me. They evenmanaged to imprison me for a while.

"In order to keep me quiet and bash mearound so much, they relied on the fact thata l i t t le guy like me did not have thefinancial means to fight back against theirinjunctions and legal assaults against me.But with a blog, I'm newly empowered—and how I wish I had known about themyears ago..."

On the subject of MI6's recruitmentcampaign, Tomlinson says: "Good luck toany applicants: it is a very interestingcareer. I really enjoyed my time there. Butbe warned: they are a bullying employer,and are thoroughly vindictive towards anyex-employee who dares to criticise them.

"If I were to return to the UK, I would bearrested and imprisoned, simply for thecrime of having written a book. It's not thesort of behaviour one would expect from asupposedly civilised employer in this dayand age."(Source: Richard Tomlinson blogsite, 9 April2006, http://www.richardtomlinson.typepad.com/)

DO DRUG COMPANY LINKSSWAY PSYCHIATRY?

Adisturbing number of the experts whohelp write psychiatry's most influential

diagnostic manual have financial ties todrug companies, raising concerns about theindependence of diagnostic advice in themanual.

While such possible conflicts of interestare not uncommon, psychiatry is of

particular concern because diagnosis is sotricky. Physicians rely heavily on theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual ofMental Disorder s, or D S M , whichcategorises psychiatric illnesses and theirdiagnostic criteria.

"The existence of disease categoriesvalidates the need for drugs," says MildredCho, a bioethicist at Stanford University inCalifornia. "Companies have an incentiveto influence those creating the categories."

Lisa Cosgrove, a clinical psychologist atthe University of Massachusetts in Boston,began to worry about such conflicts whenshe discovered that a majority of themembers of a panel formed to considerwhether to include "premenstrual dysphoricdisorder" in the manual had receivedmoney from Eli Lilly. In 2000, Lilly wonapproval from the US Food and DrugAdministration to market Prozac,rebranded as Sarafem, to treat thecondition.

Together with Sheldon Krimsky of TuftsUniversity in Medford, Massachusetts,Cosgrove looked at whether members ofother DSM panels had financial ties to drugfirms. Such ties included receipt offunding for research, acting as a consultantand being paid for speaking. Overall, 56per cent of panel members had such links,and all members of the panels for"schizophrenia and other psychoticdisorders" and "mood disorders" had suchlinks (Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics,vol. 75, p. 154).

Even subtle changes to the D S M c a nhave a big effect on patterns of prescribing.

This is a worry for conditions such asattention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).

"There has been a gradual broadening ofthe diagnostic criteria," says JamesSwanson of the University of California,Irvine.

Cosgrove and Krimsky found that 62 percent of the D S M panel dealing withdisorders such as ADHD had links topharmaceutical firms.

The American Psychiatric Association(APA), which publishes the DSM, says itsexperts are not influenced by their financialties. However, those recruited for the nextedition, to appear in 2011, will be requiredto declare such interests.

Krimsky argues that the APA shouldensure that no DSM panel has a majority ofmembers with ties to drug companies. "Itis time that the profession of psychiatrytakes a serious look at itself from an ethicalstandpoint," he says.(Source: by Peter Aldhous, New Scientist, 29April 2006, http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19025494.100.html)

MERGER MAY CREATE AMERICA'SNEW SECRET POLICE

Intelligence experts warn that a proposalto merge two Pentagon intelligence units

could create an ominous new agency. Theturf grab by a controversial Pentagonintelligence unit is causing concern amongboth privacy experts and some of theDefense Department's own personnel.

An informal panel of senior Pentagonofficials has been holding a series ofunannounced private meetings during thepast several weeks about how to proceedwith a merger between theCounterintelligence Field Activity (CIFA),a post-9/11 Pentagon creation that has beenaccused of domestic spying, and theDefense Security Service (DSS), a well-established older agency responsible forinspecting the security arrangements ofdefence contractors. DSS also maintainsmillions of confidential files containing theresults of background investigations ondefence contractors' employees.

CIFA, a mysterious and secretive unitcreated in 2002, became the subject ofpublic controversy when, late in 2005,documents surfaced indicating that CIFAhad put together a database that includedreports on anti-administrationdemonstrators including peace activistsprotesting alleged "war profiteering".

Both Pentagon insiders and privacy

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"Why, yes, I am the CEO of a transnational oil company. How did you know?

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RFID CHIPS FALL PREY TO EASY HACKING

They can steal your smart card, lift your passport, jack your car, even clone the chip inyour arm. And you won't feel a thing.

RFID chips are everywhere: companies and labs use them in access keys, Prius ownersuse them to start their cars, and retail giants like Wal-Mart have deployed them asinventory tracking devices. Drug manufacturers like Pfizer rely on chips to trackpharmaceuticals. The tags are also about to get a lot more personal: next-generation USpassports and credit cards will contain RFIDs, and the medical industry is exploring theuse of implantable chips to manage patients.

According to the RFID market analysis firm IDTechEx, the push for digital inventorytracking and personal ID systems will expand the current annual market for RFIDs fromUS$2.7 billion to as much as $26 billion by 2016.

Dozens of companies, from Motorola to Philips to Texas Instruments, manufacture thechips. The tags work by broadcasting a few bits of information to specialised electronicreaders. Most commercial RFID chips are passive emitters, which means they have noonboard battery; they send a signal only when a reader powers them with a squirt ofelectrons. Once juiced, these chips broadcast their signal indiscriminately within a certainrange, usually a few inches to a few feet. Active emitter chips with internal power cansend signals hundreds of feet; these are used in the automatic toll-paying devices that siton car dashboards, pinging tollgates as autos whiz through.

For protection, RFID signals can be encrypted. The chips that will go into passports,for example, will likely be coded to make it difficult for unauthorised readers to retrievetheir onboard information (which will include a person's name, age, nationality andphoto). But most commercial RFID tags don't include security, which is expensive. Thisleaves most RFIDs vulnerable to cloning or—if the chip has a writable memory area, asmany do—data tampering. Chips that track product shipments or expensive equipment,for example, often contain pricing and item information. These writable areas can belocked, but often they aren't because the companies using RFIDs don't know how thechips work or because the data fields need to be updated frequently. Either way, thesechips are open to hacking.

"The world of RFID is like the Internet in its early stages," says Ari Juels, researchmanager at the high-tech security firm RSA Labs. "Nobody thought about buildingsecurity features into the Internet in advance, and now we're paying for it in viruses andother attacks. We're likely to see the same thing with RFIDs."

Take the Future Store. Located in Rheinberg, Germany, the Future Store is the world'spre-eminent test bed of RFID-based retail shopping. All the items in this high-techsupermarket have RFID price tags, which allow the store and individual productmanufacturers—Gillette, Kraft, Procter & Gamble—to gather instant feedback on what'sbeing bought. Meanwhile, shoppers can check out with a single flash of a reader. In July2004, Wired hailed the store as the "supermarket of the future". A few months later,German security expert Lukas Grunwald hacked the chips.

Grunwald co-wrote a program called RFDump, which let him access and alter pricechips using a PDA (with an RFID reader) and a PC card antenna. With the store'spermission, he and his colleagues strolled the aisles, downloading information fromhundreds of sensors. They then showed how easily they could upload one chip's data ontoanother. "I could download the price of a cheap wine into RFDump," Grunwald says,"then cut and paste it onto the tag of an expensive bottle."

Today, Grunwald continues to pull even more elaborate pranks with chips from theFuture Store. "I was at a hotel that used smart cards, so I copied one and put the data intomy computer," Grunwald says. "Then I used RFDump to upload the room key card datato the price chip on a box of cream cheese from the Future Store. And I opened my hotelroom with the cream cheese!"

In 1997, ExxonMobil equipped thousands of service stations with SpeedPass, whichlets customers wave a small RFID device attached to a key chain in front of a pump topay for gas. Seven years later, three graduate students, using a laptop and a simple RFIDbroadcasting device, tricked the system into letting them fill up for free from a gas stationin Baltimore.(Source: Wired, 6 May 2006, http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.05/rfid_pr.html)

experts fear that if CIFA merges with, or,in effect, takes over DSS, there would be aweakening of the safeguards that aresupposed to regulate the release of theestimated 4.5 million security files ondefence-contractor employees currentlycontrolled by DSS. Those files are storedin a disused mine in western Pennsylvania.

Defence analyst and Washington Postblogger Bill Arkin, who first broughtallegations about CIFA's domestic spyingto light, says that in trying to eliminatewaste and better coordinate intelligenceactivities, "we are creating an Americanmilitary secret police that is clearlyacquiring way too much information andway too much power".(Source: N e w s w e e k, 14 April 2006,h t t p : / / w w w . m s n b c . m s n . c o m / i d / 1 2 2 9 0 1 8 7 / s i t e /newsweek/)

OLD SHIPS' LOGBOOKSUNLOCK EARTH'S MYSTERIES

The Earth's magnetic field has weakenedby five per cent each century since

1840, when the first accurate measurementswere made. But a new study looking at themagnetic field strength between 1590 and1840 finds the field was relatively stableduring that time.

The modelling of historical magneticdata was started in the early 1980s by studyteam member David Gubbins, a researcherfrom the University of Leeds, UK. Theresearchers began with readily availabledata like those in the logbooks of famedEnglish sailor and explorer, James Cook.

Gubbins told LiveScience that they then"progressed to searching archives inEurope" and also found "50,000 'lost' 18th-century measurements in the East IndiaCompany archives in London".

Using the old sailing ships' logbooks,which recorded magnetic field directionsuseful in reconstructing field strength, andcombining these records with a globalmodel of directions, they produced 250years' worth of measurement data.

This recent finding suggests that thecurrent decline in field strength comesfrom growing and migrating patches ofreverse magnetic flux in the southernhemisphere. The Earth's magnetic field hasreversed many times.

The findings of this study are detailed inthe 12 May 2006 issue of the journalScience.(Source: LiveScience, 11 May 2006,h t t p : / / w w w . l i v e s c i e n c e . c o m / f o r c e s o f n a t u r e / 0 60511_magnetic_logs.html)

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Australians reacted with horror and outrage when, on the evening of Sunday 28April 1996, they learned that over 30 people had been murdered and many othersinjured in an orgy of violence at the Port Arthur Historic Site (PAHS),Tasmania, one of the nation's most venerable historic sites, and at adjacent

locations. The alleged perpetrator—a young Caucasian male with long blond hair, named Martin

Bryant—was apprehended by police the following morning after he emerged from aburning tourist guest house, Seascape Cottage, which was located a short distance fromPort Arthur.

Bryant instantly became the most vilified individual in Australian history and wasrapidly enlisted in the serial killers' hall of infamy as the world's second-most-lethalgunman. However, the case—which never went to trial—is full of clues, direct andindirect, to suggest that Bryant, a 29-year-old man with an IQ of only 66, was framed.

However, even today, the case is regarded by most people as so delicate that it isconsidered insensitive to discuss it at all—a perfect means of perpetuating a cover-up, ifever there was one.

Martin Bryant's guilt: the problem of lack of evidenceStrikingly absent from the recent media coverage of the 10th anniversary of the most

traumatic event in modern Australian history was evidence to support the official claim thatMartin Bryant had been responsible for the massacre.

The matter of whether Bryant had really been the perpetrator was only touched upon inan interview with Bryant's mother, Carleen Bryant, that was published in the Bulletin of 4April 2006:

"She likes to talk about her boy's hair. It's another reason she thinks he has been framed.'He had beautiful, shampooed soft hair.' Carleen wants to set the record straight. 'The guywho did it had dark, greasy hair and pocked skin. My Martin has lovely soft baby skin.'"

The writer of the report, Julie-Anne Davies, of course does not raise the subject ofwhether Carleen Bryant has any evidence to support her claims, simply observingpatronisingly that Mrs Bryant "lives in a state of denial". As I will show in this report,however, it is Julie-Anne Davies who is living in a state of denial—as are all Australianswho think that Martin Bryant was responsible for the tragedy. There is simply no hardevidence to support this belief.

Most Australians, when confronted by the heretical idea that Bryant might not have beenthe gunman, respond in knee-jerk fashion: "Of course he was! People saw him do it!" Infact, it has never been proven that Bryant was the man "people" saw do it. It was the policeand the media, not the eyewitnesses, who identified Bryant as the gunman.

As we shall see, only two eyewitnesses have ever specifically identified Bryant as theperpetrator, and both of them gave their statements a month later—after they had beeninfluenced by the publicity given to Bryant in the media.

If you ignore the media propaganda and study the details of the case, what becomesreadily apparent is that there is no evidence that Martin Bryant—alone and to the exclusionof all other young men with long blond hair—executed the massacre. What's more, thereare compelling reasons to believe that Bryant could not have done it. As Carleen Bryanttold the Bulletin, "He didn't have the brains". Above all, he didn't possess the shootingability.

In the 10 yearssince the massacre

at Port Arthur,Tasmania, the

authorities continueto ignore concerns

that there is no hardevidence to

implicate MartinBryant as the

gunman.

Part 1 of 3

by Carl Wernerhoff © May 2006

Email: [email protected]

Website: http://www.ourmedia.org/user/95839

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Bryant's physical appearance• Age

Of the 40-odd persons who survived the shootings inside theBroad Arrow Café, only a few provided physical descriptions ofthe gunman. In these, his estimated age is 20 or less. Karen Atkinsof Sydney told the Australian (29 April 1996) that, very soon afterthe shootings, she had spoken to a woman who had met thegunman in the café. According to this woman—who can beidentified as Rebecca McKenna, on account of the content of theconversation she had with the gunman—he was: "...a youngfellow, about 18 or 19. He looked like a surfie. He arrived in aVolkswagen and he walked into the cafeteria carrying a tennisbag."

This description could perhaps be dismissed on the grounds thatit is second-hand. However, it tallies with the description given byCarol Pearce. According toPearce, the gunman, whom shepassed on her way into the BroadArrow Café, was: "...between18–20 years of age; he had reallyblonde [s i c] hair which wascollar length; it was fairlystraight with a bit of a wave in it.He was clean-shaven, he wasaverage in height and build."Pearce's description isinvaluable, as it was given on 28April 1996, the very day of themassacre. Like the woman towhom Atkins spoke—RebeccaMcKenna, as mentionedabove—Pearce therefore couldnot have been influenced by themedia campaign of vilificationagainst Martin Bryant. Nopicture of him had as yet beenpublished.

The same age-range isspecified by former RAF officerGraham Collyer, who was shotin the throat inside the café. Inhis untainted witness statementtaken on 7 May 1996, Collyerdescribed the gunman thus: "He seemed somewhere about 20. Hehad long blonde [sic] bedraggled hair, about 3–4 [inches?] belowthe shoulder. He looked like he might have had a lot of acne. Apitted face. He had scraggly trousers; I don't remember whatcolour." Collyer is a valuable witness because, in his statementfrom a second interview on 8 May, he noted: "I still haven't seenanything in the media about the person who shot me. I have beensedated or sleeping since the shooting."

On 10 May, Jim Laycock, who was the co-owner of the PortArthur Motor Inn at the entrance to the PAHS, told police that theman was in his "low twenties". Another witness, Joyce Maloney,told the police: "I thought he was about 18–22 years old, only ayoung lad." Betty Daviess described him as a "young maleperson".

Of the individuals who gave their statements to the police beforethe barrage of images of Martin Bryant appeared in the media,Carmel Edwards, who held the door open for the gunman as he leftthe café to eat his lunch on the balcony, and Justin Noble, amember of the New South Wales police force who said he saw thegunman exiting the café after the shooting, gave the oldest age

estimates. Edwards described him as "22–23 years old". Nobledescribed him as "20–25 years of age".

Thus no actual witness to the shootings at Port Arthur cited anage above twenty-five. The only witness who did so (JustinNoble) cited the figure as the top end of the range, and would beequally comfortable with twenty. It would therefore be accurate tosay that all actual witnesses said that the man was in his late teensor early twenties.

Yet at the time of the massacre, Bryant was a few days awayfrom his 29th birthday and could not reasonably have beenmistaken for anyone under about twenty-seven. This much is clearfrom a photograph which shows Bryant together with the womanwe have been told was his girlfriend: Petra Wilmott. Since thepair reportedly only became romantically involved in February1996, the photograph had to have been taken within three months

of the massacre. Despite its poorquality, it shows Bryant's faceunframed by hair, and so gives avery good idea of what he lookedlike at the time. It's obvious fromthis picture that Bryant was by nomeans "a young lad". [ S e ephoto A]

It is also obvious that thosewho saw the gunman at closedistance and who gave theirdescriptions before anythingabout Bryant's appearance hadbeen made public are to beconsidered by far the mostreliable. The only eyewitnesseswho estimated the gunman's agein the upper 20s are witnesseslike Yannis Kateros, who onlysaw him from a considerabledistance, and most of them gavestatements to the police a weekor more after the shootings whenthe matter of Bryant's age hadalready been established by themedia.

Kateros, who gave hisstatement on 10 May, estimated

the shooter's age as twenty-eight. Is it only a coincidence that thisis the same age the media were citing for Bryant?

• Facial featuresBut there were more than years separating Bryant and the Port

Arthur gunman. Only one witness, Rebecca McKenna, got a goodlook at the man's face. (Most witnesses saw very little on accountof the long blond hair.) Although there are major problems withher statement—what kind of physical description omits a referenceto the person's age?—McKenna's description of the gunman'sappearance makes disturbing reading for anyone who thinks thathe could have been Bryant:

"I would describe this male as follows:- Approximately 173 cmtall. Slim build. Blonde [sic] hair, past his ears, wavy with a partin the middle. Unshaven dirty looking.

"His eyes appeared to be blue... He appeared to be Germanlooking. His eyebrows appeared to be blonde [sic] and bushy. Heappeared 'dopey' looking, his eyes appeared to be bloodshot. Hisfacial skin appeared to be freckley [sic] and he was pale. His faceseemed skinny and withdrawn. His ears were fairly large..."

Photo A: This photograph of Petra Wilmott and Martyn Bryanthad to have been taken within three months of the massacre.

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It is interesting that while McKenna's account of the man'sconversation was widely quoted—he talked about EuropeanWASPs and Japanese tourists—her description of his face was not.Perhaps this is because in no photo does Bryant seem to havebushy eyebrows or prominent ears (indeed, his ears seem to be onthe small side). Bryant's most memorable facial characteristic is,in fact, a broad nose with a somewhat bulbous tip—a feature whichis obvious from the photos, but never mentioned by any witnesses.

Although McKenna's description is uniquely detailed, it is atleast partly corroborated by that of Graham Collyer who, as wesaw, stated that the shooter's complexion was acne-scarred.However, Bryant's complexion is perfectly smooth, as all availablephotographs show. In particular, thephotos taken at Richmond by PetraWilmott three days before the massacreshow a healthy, ruddy face.

McKenna's description of thegunman's height is certainly odd: shemakes an estimate of the gunman'sheight that gives an exact figure("approximately 173 cm"). It would beinteresting to compare this most precise"estimate" with Bryant's real height,except that nowhere on record can onefind his height specified. If McKenna'sfigure of 173 cm is correct, though, thiswould surely raise questions about whether McKenna had beeninfluenced by police during the course of giving her statement.

• HairAnother problem for the official story is raised by Bryant's hair.

The photos taken at Richmond show that it was wavy throughout,not "fairly straight with a bit of a wave in it" as Pearce stated. Yetmost witnesses said that the gunman's hair was straight, with awave only at the bottom. Witness statements fluctuate betweenthose that said his hair was collar-length and those that stated thatit went down to his shoulders.

The aforementioned photos of Bryant taken at Richmond raisequestions about his hair colour. According to one witness, a MrWoods, the gunman stood out by virtue of his "white surfie hairand clothes". Yet in the 25 April 1996 portrait of Bryant that wasfeatured on the cover of Who Weekly magazine on 2 November

1996, Bryant's hair is very clearly brownish with blond highlightsand streaks. [Photo B] Further doubts about the whiteness ofBryant's hair are raised by the news footage showing Bryantarriving at the Royal Hobart Hospital. In frames from this videofootage—the last images of the accused man ever captured—it isapparent that he had brownish hair with blond streaks, rather thanwhite or "really blond" hair. (It is also obviously collar length.)[Photo C] One possibility is that the real gunman had simplyperoxided his hair in an effort to emulate Bryant's hair, which mayhave looked white or blond in very strong sunlight.

Bryant identified as the gunman?In terms of the allegation that the

witnesses have identified Bryant as theman they saw shooting at the PAHS, themost serious difficulties are raised byJim Laycock in his statement. Laycockis of outstanding importance in this case,as he is the one and only witness whoobserved the gunman in the act andactually knew Bryant. In his policestatement, Laycock—who, as notedearlier, got a good enough look at theman to be able to estimate his age ("lowtwenties")—said that he "did notrecognise the male as Martin Bryant".

He stated only that he saw "a blonde [sic] headed person" shootZoe Hall and take Glenn Pears captive.

Another witness, Yannis Kateros, said he had never seen thegunman before. Yet Kateros had lived at Port Arthur since 1991,and, according to Laycock, Bryant had visited the PAHS on abouta dozen occasions in the five-year period between about 1991 and1995.

At least two other witnesses have also stated that Bryant was notthe gunman. These are PAHS Information Centre employeeWendy Scurr, who, according to one report, saw the gunman insidethe centre immediately prior to the attack, and Vietnam Warveteran John Godfrey, who was waiting outside the centre whenthe shooting commenced. Godfrey viewed the gunman twice. Hesaw him drive by and saw him put a bag into the boot of his car."In my opinion the picture I saw in the newspapers was not thesame person," he stated in his police statement taken on 7 June

Of the 40-odd persons who survived the shootings

inside the Broad ArrowCafé, only a few providedphysical descriptions of

the gunman.

Photo C: Video still photo (left) of Martin Bryant arriving atRoyal Hobart Hospital on the morning of 29 April 1996.

Photo B: Close-up of the Martin Bryant photo, headlined"Australian Psycho", on the cover of Who Weekly (2 Nov 1996)

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1996. Wendy Scurr has changed her mind on the subject; she nolonger believes that Bryant was the man she saw that day.

So when people tell me that everyone knows that Bryant "did it"because people saw him doing it, I tend to wonder which witnessesthey can possibly be referring to. To my knowledge, the onlywitnesses who positively identified Bryant as the gunman wereLinda White and Michael Wanders, both persons whose statementswere taken a full month after the shooting, after they had beenexposed to plenty of media coverage about the case.

On 27 May 1996, White viewed the 14 May police photoboardand decided: "Photograph no. 5 in this folder [i.e., Bryant] is themale who shot us near Port Arthur." However, White's only reasonfor selecting photo no. 5 seems to have been because of the factthat, in this photo, Bryant appeared to be wearing a top that was"very similar" to that worn by the gunman. "It could even be thesame top," she said.

Unfortunately, White's statement is of no value whatsoever. Anidentification can scarcely be based upon an item of clothing,which can obviously be worn by anotherperson. (Indeed, someone seeking toimpersonate Bryant would have taken care toacquire an item of his clothing, or at least avery similar item.) What's more, no previouswitness recalled the gunman wearing the sametop as that worn by Bryant in photo no. five.White was clearly basing her identificationentirely upon a photo she had seen in themedia.

As for Michael Wanders, in his statementtaken the same day as White's, he pickedBryant out from the police photoboard as "theperson who shot at Linda and I on 28/4/96".Unfortunately, Wanders's identificationis also of no value. On 28 April 1996, hetold the police: "I would not be able toidentify the person who shot at us." Inhis statement a month later, he admittedthat he hadn't been able to "get a goodenough look at the male to see how oldhe was or what he was wearing". Hisstatement suggests that, really, all he hadseen was a male with long blond hair.Yet, somehow, his original statement didnot deter him from picking Bryant outfrom the police photoboard a month lateras the man who had shot at him. It ishard to credit the positive identificationof Bryant a month after the attack by a witness who, on the day ofthe attack itself, told the police explicitly that he would not be ableto identify the gunman.

White's and Wanders's statements prove one thing: not thatBryant perpetrated the shootings, but that the laws prohibitingmedia organisations from publishing photos of accused personsbefore they have been tried are sensible ones which ought alwaysto be rigorously enforced.

In view of the fact that no serious efforts were ever made toprevent the media from publishing photos of Bryant, the questionhas to be asked whether the police ever wanted the gunmanproperly identified, or whether they colluded with the media in therelease of these photos in a deliberate effort to taint the pool ofwitness testimony. Certainly, they seem to have done their best toavoid placing Bryant together with eyewitnesses in the same room.Graham Collyer, who was on the same floor as Bryant in the Royal

Hobart Hospital on the day his witness statement was taken, wasnever given the opportunity to look at him. On this occasion, apositive ID could have been obtained in a matter of minutes, if thepolice officers taking his statement had really wanted one.

In this regard, it is striking that none of the witnesses whoshowed a tendency not to identify Bryant as the gunman was giventhe opportunity to pick him out from the police identity board—noteven NSW police officer Justin Noble, who said that he thought hecould identify the man if shown a photo of him taken from theappropriate angle. The fact that Noble was never asked to view thepolice photoboard implies that Tasmania police anticipated anegative response.

A related issue is the uncertainty that surrounds the matter of thegunman's clothing. In no context of which I am aware did theallegations against Bryant ever raise the matter of the items ofclothing that the gunman had been seen wearing. It is striking thatthere is no consistent evidence as to the colour of the gunman'sclothing; one can only wonder whether witness statements were

tampered with to prevent a clear picture fromemerging, for fear that it would raise thequestion of whether there was any proof thatBryant had ever owned the items.

It is only when one realises that Bryant hasnever been positively identified as the PAHSshooter that one begins to understand why acourt trial was never held. If a trial had beenheld, the authorities would have been in anextremely awkward position if some witnesseshad either denied that Bryant was the man orexpressed serious doubts about theidentification. That a trial was avoided meansthat such problems were never permitted to

arise. It is hard not to see why the legalstrategy took the form of coercing Bryantinto pleading guilty to all 72 chargesagainst him—a process that took sevenmonths—rather than risk the case goingto trial.

Lack of Bryant's fingerprints orDNA at Port Arthur

Martin Bryant is adamant that he nevervisited the PAHS on the day of themassacre. Most Australians—if theyknew of this denial at all—wouldprobably dismiss it as a lie. A fact thatshould deeply unsettle them is that

neither Bryant's fingerprints nor his DNA has ever been found atthe PAHS. This much has effectively been conceded by SergeantGerard Dutton, officer in charge of the Ballistics Section ofTasmania Police, in an article he wrote about the case which waspublished in the December 1998 Australian Police Journal.

There is no good reason why no evidence of this kind exists. Anobvious source of fingerprints and DNA would have been the foodtray (with a can of Solo soft drink, a plastic Schweppes cup, fooditems and eating utensils) that Rebecca McKenna saw the gunmaneating from immediately prior to the shooting. We know that thetray was recovered by the police, because it is shown in a policetraining video that turned up in a second-hand shop in September2004. Although the tray would have contained fingerprints, thumbprints, palm prints, saliva, sweat, skin and possibly hair from theshooter, there is no evidence that it yielded anything that camefrom Martin Bryant. The only reason we have heard nothing about

...it is striking that none of the

witnesses who showeda tendency not to

identify Bryantas the gunman was given theopportunity to

pick him out from the police identity

board.

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forensic evidence of this kind, surely, is that none of itincriminated him.

It is true that Damian Bugg, QC, is on record as giving theimpression that a sample of Bryant's DNA was found on a largeknife that is suspected of having been used to murder David Martinat Seascape Cottage, a few kilometres from the PAHS. Bugg saidthat the knife was subjected to a "very refined test" which allegedlyyielded "a DNA sample which was unable to be identified initiallybut it has now been identified as being consistent with that ofMartin Bryant". (The public has never been told what the sourceof the DNA was—whether it was blood, for example, or someother substance. If it was Bryant's blood, this would imply thatBryant was a victim rather than a villain.)

It is, however, a mystery how Tasmania Police came by thisknife. According to the official story, the knife was found inside aPrince sports bag that was discarded by the gunman inside theBroad Arrow Café. However, after the gunman exited the café,several witnesses looked inside the bag and none of them observeda large knife there.

What's more, "Jamie", the perpetrator of thesubsequent siege at Seascape Cottage (by theway, the official claim is that Bryant was"Jamie"), mentioned having a large combatknife in his possession during the course of aphone call with police interrogator SergeantTerry McCarthy on the evening of 28 April. Ifthis is the knife Bugg is referring to, then itcould only have emerged from the Seascapefire in a condition that rendered it useless forforensic purposes.

The mystery over the knife may explainwhy Bugg's terminology verges on thedevious. The DNA on the knife, he tellsus, is "consistent with" that of MartinBryant. However, DNA either is or isnot a match. If the DNA matchedBryant's, Bugg should have been able tosay so. The term "consistent with" issemantic sleight-of-hand designed toencourage the misperception amongthose who know nothing about DNAtesting that the DNA had been Bryant's.In fact, the term "consistent with" meanslittle in this instance. It could plausiblyrefer to DNA sequences found in everyone of us. It is entirely possible that theDNA sample to which Bugg is referringis also "consistent with" both your DNA and mine!

In any case, it is obvious that the presence of Bryant's DNA onthe knife would do nothing to prove that he was the Port Arthurshooter. Even if his DNA had been found on the knife, and wewere so rash as to draw the conclusion that the presence of hisDNA proved that he had killed David Martin (which of course itdoesn't), this does not constitute evidence that Bryant was the PortArthur shooter. The man who did stab David Martin could havebeen party to a conspiracy to frame Bryant. He could have stabbedboth David Martin and Martin Bryant with the same knife, forinstance. If so, the relevant question is whether anyone else's DNAwas on the knife, in addition to that of David Martin and MartinBryant. The real killer's DNA could have been all over the knife,but we will never know because Tasmania's Director of PublicProsecutions was only interested in telling the public about asample that was "consistent with" Bryant's DNA.

Everything to do with the knife is extremely suspicious indeed.Since David Martin was murdered by being shot twice rather thanby being stabbed, the sole point of stabbing him would seem tohave been to plant a sample of his blood on the knife. The onlyreason for "Jamie" at Seascape to specifically inform SergeantMcCarthy that he had a large combat knife in his possession wouldhave been to provide a link between Martin Bryant and the murderof David Martin. So Jamie appears to have been trying to frameBryant. This is very hard to explain if we believe that Bryant washimself Jamie. Why would Bryant have wanted to incriminatehimself? And even if Bryant had been perverse enough to want toincriminate himself by leaving the knife he had used to stab DavidMartin some place where the police would be able to find it later,why did he subsequently deny murdering him?

Abundant examples of Bryant's fingerprints and DNA shouldhave been retrieved from the Volvo driven by the gunman into thePort Arthur Historic Site, but no such evidence was recovered fromthe vehicle—a circumstance that seems most difficult to explain.

Nonetheless, there is an explanation—onethat, understood in its true light, amounts toevidence that the yellow Volvo used by thePort Arthur shooter was not Bryant's.

A little-known fact about the case is that theVolvo was left in the open air, at the tollgate,for the night of 28–29 April. (It was still thereat the tollgate at 9.00 am on 29 April, whenPeninsula resident Michael Copping, a witnessto movements of the Volvo on 28 April, saw itwhile on his way to collect PAHS workerSteven Howard from Port Arthur. By the way,Copping didn't identify Bryant as the driver,although he said in his statement of 10 May

that he had known him "through casualcontact".) With the vehicle's rearpassenger-side window missing (thegunman presumably removed it as ameans of minimising the noise/blasteffect of shooting from the driver's seat),fingerprints and DNA inside the vehiclewould have been vulnerable to the effectsof night moisture. In fact, according topolice, the overnight moisture eliminatedall traces of fingerprints and DNA.

The question inevitably has to be askedof why the police did not take due care toensure the preservation of whateverfingerprints and DNA were inside the

car. At this stage—and recall here that Bryant was not taken intocustody until the morning of 29 April—fingerprints and DNAinside the car represented essential proof of the perpetrator'sidentity. As darkness descended on the Tasman Peninsula on 28April, the only reason to connect the massacre to Bryant was apassport that reportedly had been found inside the Volvo at around4.30 pm by a detective. At this time, the fingerprints and DNAfrom the Volvo therefore represented the most reliable means ofdetermining whether the greatest homicidal maniac in Australianhistory had really been Bryant (as the presence of the passportsuggested) or someone else. It would have been absolutely criticalto preserve them in as perfect condition as possible for use duringfuture criminal proceedings.

The fact that a major portion of the evidence required for thepurpose of identifying the perpetrator vanished overnight invitesonly one sound conclusion: the police wanted it to vanish.

...according to mostwitnesses, the

Broad Arrow Caféshooter shot from

his right hip. Not only is Bryant

left-handed, he toldpolice he had never

fired a gun from his hip.

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Unless the police had a reason not to want the massacreconnected to Bryant (and I know of no evidence that would invitesuch a possibility), the outcome is consistent with only oneconclusion: Tasmania Police did not want evidence to survive thatwould have proven that Bryant had not been the person using thecar that afternoon. The Port Arthur shooter therefore has to havebeen someone other than Bryant whose identity the police wereanxious to protect.

Bryant's "gunmanship"For many people, the most important reason to doubt that Bryant

was the killer is on account of the latter's impressive gunmanship.In 1998, Wound Ballistics Review pointed out that the Port Arthurincident: "...is unique in relation to the wounds for several reasons.Twice as many people were killed as injured (the reverse normallybeing true)."

What's more, the Broad Arrow Café gunman managed to shootthe first 19 out of 20 people dead with single accurate shots to thehead, fired from his right hip. Some researchers maintain thatBryant, who was an amateur shooter with virtually no shootingexperience whatsoever, would have entirely lacked the skills tocarry out such a feat. A powerful case hasbeen made to this effect by Perth researcherJoe Vialls (now deceased), based on the factthat amateur shooters generally achieve amuch lower KIR (killed-to-injured ratio) thandid the Broad Arrow Café shooter. In anenclosed space like the Broad Arrow Café,targets would have to be shot in a carefulsequence with split-second timing tomaximise the kill rate. Yet the Broad ArrowCafé gunman managed a kill rate well abovethat required of a fully trained soldier—animpossible task for a man like Bryant, with anIQ in the mid-60s and his total lack of militarytraining. Vialls concluded that theshooter was a military-trained marksmanwho would probably rank among the top10 or 20 shooters in the world.

Brigadier Ted Serong, former head ofAustralian forces in Vietnam, was just asimpressed. In 1999, Serong—whoexplained that his eyes had first beenopened by the "astonishing proportion ofkilled to wounded"—told Melbournenewspaper the Age:

"There was an almost satanic accuracyto that shooting performance. Whoeverdid it is better than I am, and there are nottoo many people around here better thanI am."

One reason why most members of the general public haveaccepted the official story that Bryant was the gunman is that theypossess a greatly exaggerated idea of what amateur gunmen areable to do. Not only do amateurs tend to injure many more personsthan they kill, they are usually overpowered before they havecompleted their sinister work. By contrast, the Port Arthurgunman was a thorough professional who was at all times inperfect control. Vialls wrote:

"The shooter in the Broad Arrow Café at Port Arthurdemonstrated all of the qualities of a trained counterterroristmarksman but made no amateur mistakes. Always in motion andpoint-shooting from the right hip with devastating accuracy, he

killed twenty of the occupants with single shots to the head andwounded twelve more, firing a total of only 29 rounds. Usingknown techniques reported by witnesses, he ensured his ownsafety from attack by turning on the spot and staying outsidegrappling range. It was an awesome display of expertise, even byspecial forces standards."

However, we don't have to take the word of people like Viallsand Serong who never saw the Port Arthur gunman shoot withtheir own eyes. According to eyewitness (and victim) NevilleQuin: "He [the gunman] appeared to be the best-trained army guyI've ever seen; his stance was unbelievable."

Also important to consider is that, according to most witnesses,the Broad Arrow Café shooter shot from his right hip. Not only isBryant left-handed, he told police he had never fired a gun from hiship. We should believe him. It is doubtful that anyone except ahighly trained professional shooter could.

Weapons and ammunition used at Port ArthurThe prosecution claims that Bryant perpetrated the massacre

using two fireams, a Colt AR-15 semi-automatic .223 mm rifle anda Belgian FN-FAL semi-automatic .308 mm SLR (self-loading

rifle), both of which were recovered fromSeascape Cottage after detectives went overthe burned-out site on the afternoon of 29April 1996. However, it is not clear whetherthese were really the weapons used at PortArthur. Both were recovered in a badlydamaged condition which effectively ruled outballistics testing.

However, the matter is complicated by thefact that the earliest newspaper reports do notmention a Colt AR-15. No eyewitnessmentions it either. Graham Collyer said thatthe weapon used by the gunman inside theBroad Arrow Café "looked like a standard

SLR service semi-automatic". Thisdescription is more consistent with theFN-FAL than the Colt AR-15, although itis this latter weapon that we are now toldwas the weapon used inside the café.

The day after the massacre, theExaminer reported that police had founda .223 mm Armalite M16 at Port Arthur.Nothing has been heard since about theweapon that was found that day insidethe PAHS. Then, on 1 May 1996, theWest Australian told the public that thetwo weapons used had been a 5.56 mmArmalite AR-15 and a Chinese-madeSKS .762 mm assault rifle. It is

interesting that it took only two days for the Armalite M16—aprohibited import—to disappear from the public record, to bereplaced by a weapon which could be legally bought and sold inAustralia. From this point onwards, the SKS became the weaponmost frequently referred to in the media as the weapon "Bryant"had used. Then, finally, the SKS was dropped altogether and itsplace in narratives of the massacre was taken by the Belgian FN-FAL. To me, these intriguing shifts look like shifts from the realmurder weapons to weapons that could be connected to Bryant, ifonly because, like him, they also emerged from the Seascapeinferno.

Continued on page 76

16 • NEXUS www.nexusmagazine.com JUNE – JULY 2006

"There was an almostsatanic accuracy to

that shootingperformance.

Whoever did it isbetter than I am, and there are not too many people

around here betterthan I am."

— Brigadier Ted Serong, former head of Australian

forces in Vietnam.

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Introduction

In recent years, public attention has become increasingly focused on the very realproblem of mould (fungi) inside both home and workplace and on the very realdangers to human health posed by such mould exposure. This position paper ispresented by the American Academy of Environmental Medicine (AAEM) to

describe the current knowledge of adverse health effects of indoor mould. There isconsiderable evidence in the medical literature validating the many different health effectsreported in airborne-mould-exposed patients.

Indoor airborne mould exposure frequently causes adverse human health effects withinjury to and dysfunction of multiple organs and systems including: 1) respiratory, 2)nervous, 3) immune, 4) haematological systems, and 5) the skin. Indoor mould is also acommon cause of life-threatening systemic infections in immuno-compromised patients.

Moulds are Common in the Indoor EnvironmentFungi (or moulds) are ubiquitous in both indoor and outdoor environments. Moulds are

frequently spread by airborne spores. Mould and mould spores require moisture and afood source like cellulose or decaying food to grow.1 As mould spores swell with waterand grow, they elongate, forming balloon-like protuberances (hyphae) which secretedigestive enzymes and mycotoxins. The fungus then digests the food source to support itsgrowth.

About 100,000 fungal species have already been identified; in fact, fungi are estimatedto comprise an astounding 25% of the world's biomass.2 Various surveys of homes inNorth America and Europe have reported that visible mould and/or water damage arefound in 23% to 98% of all homes. 3 – 6 There are no official standards, at this time, forindoor airborne fungus concentrations. However, indoor fungal levels above a range of150 to 1,000 colony-forming units per cubic metre of air (cfu/m3) are considered to besufficient to cause human health problems.4, 7–9 Numerous reports have documented thatindoor air can often be contaminated with indoor fungal spore levels well in excess of1,000 cfu/m3. The most common indoor fungi generally collected are C l a d o s p o r i u m,A s p e r g i l l u s and P e n i c i l l i u m. A l t e r n a r i a, S t a c h y b o t r y s, R h i z o p u s, M u c o r, W a l l e m i a,T r i c h o d e r m a, yeasts, B o t r y t i s, E p i c o c c u m and F u s a r i u m species are often being foundindoors as well.10–17

Foreclosures, lawsuits and insurance claims due to mould problems are common.Policyholders of America reports receiving about 50 calls a week about homes withmould problems undergoing foreclosure.1 8 In 2002, an estimated 10,000 mould-relatedcases were pending in US courts.19 In 2002, the insurance industry paid out US$2 billionin mould-related claims in Texas alone.20

Mould Related Health Symptoms are Common and VariedMany patients have been reporting multiple ill health effects from their exposures to

mould. Studies of more than 1,600 patients suffering ill effects from fungus exposurewere presented at one meeting in Dallas in 2003 (21st Annual Symposium of Man andHis Environment, Dallas, Texas, June 200319–22).21–25 To cite a couple of studies...

L i e b e r m a n2 1 examined 48 mould-exposed patients who had the following healthproblems: 1) muscle and/or joint pain, 71%; 2) fatigue/weakness, 70%; 3) neurocognitivedysfunction, 67%; 4) sinusitis, 65%; 5) headache, 65%; 6) gastrointestinal problems,58%; 7) shortness of breath, 54%; 8) anxiety/depression/irritability, 54%; 9) vision

Moulds and themycotoxins theyproduce are a

growing threat tohealth around

the world, and teststo detect and

diagnose them needto be adopted on a

wide scale.

by Luke Curtis, MS, CIH Allan Lieberman, MD

Martha Stark, MD William Rea

Marsha Vetter, MD, PhD© 2004

From: http://www.acnem.org/journal/23-1_april_2004/indoor_moulds.htm

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problems 42%; 10) chest tightness, 42%; 11) insomnia, 40%; 12)dizziness, 38%; 13) numbness/tingling, 35%; 14) laryngitis, 35%;15) nausea, 33%; 16) skin rashes, 27%; 17) tremors, 25%; and 18)heart palpitations, 21%.

R e a ' s2 3 study of 150 indoor-mould-exposed patients found thefollowing health problems: 1) fatigue, 100%; 2) rhinitis, 65%; 3)memory loss and other neuropsychiatric problems, 46%; 4)respiratory problems, 40%; 5) fibromyalgia, 29%; 6) irritablebowel syndrome, 25%; 7) vasculitis, 4.7%; and 8) angio-oedema,4.0%.

These clinical reports demonstrate the multi-system adverseeffects of airborne mould. There is now considerable evidence inthe medical literature that indoor airborne fungus exposure cancause numerous adverse health effects in multi-organ systems.

Mechanisms of Mould-Related Health EffectsFungi can exert ill health effects by three mechanisms: 1)

infection; 2) allergy; and 3) toxicity.Serious infections by such fungi as

C a n d i d a, A s p e r g i l l u s and P n e u m o c y s t i s a r ecommon and mostly involve severelyimmuno-compromised patients. 2 6 – 2 8 F u n g isuch as C a n d i d a, H i s t o p l a s m o s i s ,Cryptococcus, Blastomyces and Coccidioidescan infect internally immuno-competentp e o p l e .2 9 Fungi such as T r i c h o p h y t o n ,C a n d i d a and M a l a s e z i a commonly causeminor skin infections in immuno-competenthumans.28

At least 70 allergens have been wellcharacterised from spores, vegetative partsand small particles from fungi (0.3microns and smaller).30, 31 Allergies tofungal allergens are very common, witha review of 17 studies finding that6%–10% of the general population and15%–50% of atopics had immediateskin sensitivity to fungi.32

Fungi produce a wide variety of toxicchemicals called mycotoxins. 1, 33, 34

Some common mycotoxins include:1) Aflatoxins: very potent

carcinogens and hepatotoxins producedby some Aspergillus species;

2) Ochratoxins: nephrotoxic andcarcinogenic; produced by someAspergillus and Penicillium species;

3) Sterigmatocystin: immuno-suppressive and a livercarcinogen produced by A s p e r g i l l u s species, especially A .versicolour; and

4) Trichothecenes: produced primarily by Stachybotrys andFusarium species, and reported to inhibit protein synthesis andcause haemorrhaging and vomiting.

Fungi also produce beta glucans which have immunologicaleffects.35

The smell of moulds comes primarily from volatile organiccompounds.36

Adverse human and animal effects from mycotoxin-contaminated foodstuffs have been well recognised since the early20th century.33, 37 But the pathway of mycotoxin injury throughinhalation is questioned.38

In the absence of ethical, controlled studies on human-inhaledmycotoxin exposure, only animal-controlled exposure and human

epidemiology studies can be used. The literature demonstratesthat significant amounts of mycotoxins (including ochratoxin,sterigmatocystin and trichothecenes) are present in indoor dust39–43

and in fungal spores which can be absorbed through therespiratory route.34, 37, 44, 45 Patients exposed to indoor Stachybotryshave been found to have measurable blood levels of theS t a c h y b o t r y s haemorrhagic toxin stachylysin. 4 6 Levels oftrichothecene mycotoxins in the urine have also been found insignificantly higher levels in patients exposed to high indoorfungus levels, as opposed to a control group not exposed to highindoor fungus levels.47 Blood ochratoxin levels have been foundto be significantly higher in food industry workers exposed toairborne ochratoxin versus in unexposed controls. 4 3 T h e s efindings clearly demonstrate an inhaled pathway for entry into thebody.

Sampling for Mould ExposureIndoor fungus sampling is most

commonly performed by measuring airbornelevels of viable (culturable) or total (viableand non-viable) spores. 48, 49 Some of theairborne viable sampling methods, such asAndersen samplers, collect air for only a fewminutes.

Settle plates are an inexpensive method toget a semi-quantitative measure of indoorairborne fungus levels. Viable and non-viable airborne spore counts can varyconsiderably over a period of minutes, so airsampling over several periods of time maybe necessary to characterise airborne fungal

spore levels accurately .48, 49

However, airborne fungusmeasurements fail to take intoconsideration non-airborne mouldcontamination such as mouldcontamination in dust or surfaces(often visible to the naked eye) andmycotoxins in air, dust and ons u r f a c e s .48, 50 Therefore, testing thesettled dust for fungi and mycotoxins isoften recommended. 48, 49 In order tosecure a more complete assessment,therefore, it is often recommended thatairborne measurements besupplemented by testing for moulds

and mycotoxins in already-settled dust or air.48, 49

Other techniques such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction),ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and measurementof fungal volatile organic chemicals, polysaccharides, ergosteroland beta glucans can also be useful in assaying indoorenvironments for moulds and their allergens and mycotoxins.48

For a helpful overview of sampling methods, please seeP a s a n e n4 8 and Macher. 5 1 For an informative guide to theclassification, identification and biology of common indoor fungi,see Samson. 1 Several good guides exist for prevention andremediation of indoor fungi problems.51–53

Indoor Mould Exposure and Respiratory ProblemsMany epidemiological studies have noted that residential

exposure to moulds and/or chronic dampness can increaseasthma/wheezing incidence or morbidity in both children andadults.4–6, 54–67 Asthma and related conditions are very common in

...significant amounts of mycotoxins are

present in indoor dustand in fungal spores

which can be absorbed through the

respiratory route.

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the USA, with an overall incidence of about 5.4% among all agegroups and incidences as high as 27% in inner-city children. 6 8

Studies with infants have reported that higher fungal exposuresare associated with more wheezing, coughing and respiratoryillness.69, 70 Higher indoor beta glucan levels have been associatedwith significantly higher levels of chest tightness and joint pain.71

Non-industrial occupational mould exposure has been reported tobe associated with significantly higher levels of asthma, sinusitis,irritated skin and eyes, and chronic fatigue.72–76

One study found that patients exposed to high indoor funguslevels had significantly lower lung function than unexposedcontrols.24 Higher outdoor fungal concentrations have been linkedto higher asthma death rates 7 7 and high asthma incidence78, 79 i nchildren or young adults. Challengeexposures with P e n i c i l l i u m a n dA l t e r n a r i a extracts equivalent to highoutdoor levels of fungus were noted tolower lung function severely ina s t h m a t i c s .8 0 Skin sensitivity toA l t e r n a r i a has been linked to muchhigher risk of respiratory arrest. 8 1

Various epidemiological studies havelinked skin sensitivity to commonindoor fungi and higher asthmaincidence or severity 8 2 – 8 6 and higherrates of sinusitis.87

Airborne fungal exposure causessinusitis, bronchopulmonaryaspergillosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis.8 8 – 8 9 An estimated14% of the US population suffers from rhinosinusitis and relatedconditions.90

Allergic fungal sinusitis was diagnosed on the basis of fungalgrowth in nasal secretions and the presence of allergic mucin in93% of 101 consecutive patients undergoing sinus surgery. 9 0

Another study was able to recover and culture fungi from thesinuses of 56% of 45 patients undergoing endoscopic sinussurgery for chronic rhinosinusitis.91 A long-term cohort study of639 patients with allergic fungal sinusitis demonstrated thatremedial steps taken to reduce fungal exposure (by utilising, forexample, air filters, ionisers, moisture control systems andantimicrobial nasal sprays) significantlyreduced rhinosinusitis and improved nasalmucosa morphology. This study concludedthat failure to reduce airborne fungus levelsto less than four per hour on a settle platefailed to resolve the sinusitis.22

Although, historically, antifungal drugshave generally not been recommended fortreatment of fungal sinusitis,88–89 recent stud-ies have found beneficial effects of oral andnasal medication for sinusitis patients. 22, 92

Several studies have linked residentialexposure to fungi with hypersensitivitypneumonitis.93–95

Stachybotrys and HaemorrhagicEffects

Exposure to high indoor levels ofS t a c h y b o t r y s, A s p e r g i l l u s and other fungihas been epidemiologically associated withinfant lung haemorrhage. 9 6 – 1 0 0 A l t h o u g hquestions were raised after this associationwas discovered, 1 0 1 it meets many

epidemiologic criteria for causality. 1 0 2 Acute infant pulmonaryhaemorrhage can be rapidly fatal; when the infant survives, lungblood vessel damage is present and deposits of haemosiderin willremain in the lung macrophages and can be seen in tissueobtained during bronchoscopy.97

S t a c h y b o t r y s fungi produce a wide range of trichothecenemycotoxins (including satratoxins), several roridin epimers,verrucarin J and B and haemolysin.34, 99 A haemorrhagic proteincalled stachylysin has been isolated from S t a c h y b o t r y s c o l l e c t e dfrom homes of infants with lung haemorrhage 103, 104 and fromserum of patients with residential S t a c h y b o t r y s e x p o s u r e .4 6 It ishypothesised that infants, with their rapidly growing lungs, aremore susceptible to the toxic effects of S t a c h y b o t r y s

m y c o t o x i n s . 1 0 5 Studies withS t a c h y b o t r y s-exposed adults havenoted a significantly higher incidenceof health problems such as lowerairway problems, wheezing, skin andeye irritation, flu-like symptoms andchronic fatigue. 1 0 6 S t a c h y b o t r y s h a sbeen isolated from the lungs of a childwith pulmonary haemosiderosis.107

Immunological ChangesFungal exposure can alter

immunological parameters. Somestudies have reported that indoor-fungus-exposed patients have higher

serum levels of IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies to common fungi,trichothecenes and satratoxins. 1 0 8 – 1 1 0 IgG antibodies to ninecommon indoor fungi were significantly higher in subjects withsinusitis, versus non-sinusitis subjects in a mouldy school. 1 1 1

Other studies note no significant increases in fungal IgG112, 113 o rfungal IgE108 in fungus-exposed patients.

Indoor fungal exposure has been associated with altered levelsof T4, T8 and NK cells and higher levels of auto-antibodies.23, 114, 115

Indoor glucan exposure has been associated with a lowerproportion of cytotoxic T cells (CD8+SF61+) and with secretionof tumour necrosis factor higher than from homes with lowerlevels of beta-glucans.116

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Fungal exposure can alter immunological

parameters.

The figure above illustrates some fungi of medical importance. A: Microsporum, causative agent ofringworm and other skin diseases. B: Blastomyces dermatidis, causative agent of North Americanblastomycosis. C: Histoplasma capsulatum, causative agent of histoplasmosis.(Source: http://www.botany.utoronto.ca/ResearchLabs/MallochLab/Malloch/Moulds/Source.html)

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Studies of animals orally given such common mycotoxins asaflatoxins, ochratoxins and trichothecenes show considerableimmune impairment, including depression of T cell, B cell andmacrophage immunities.1 1 7 Human cell-line studies have alsofound that many mycotoxins can suppress T cell, B cell and NKactivity at serum concentrations similar to those found in indoor-mould-exposed patients.118

Thus, airborne exposure to mycotoxins is seen to cause harmfuleffects to the immune system.

Neurological DysfunctionIndoor airborne mould exposure

causes neurologic dysfunction andcognitive deficits. Clinical reports onlarge numbers of mould-exposedpatients found significant fatigue andweakness in 70%–100% of cases, andneurocognitive dysfunction includingmemory loss, irritability, anxiety anddepression in over 40% of the patients.Numbness, tingling and tremor werealso found in a significant number ofpatients.21, 23 These signs and symptomsconstitute classic manifestations ofneurotoxicity.119

A study of 43 mould-exposed patients found they performedsignificantly more poorly than 202 controls on manyneuropsychiatric tests including balance sway speed, blinkingreflex, colour perception, reaction times and left grip strength(P<0.0001 in each case).120

Quantitative electro-encephalogram studies have also notedsignificant longer nerve latencies in fungus-exposed patients.120 Atriple-headed SPECT brain scan revealed neurotoxic patterns in26 of 30 (87%) mould-exposed patients.121

An iriscorder study of autonomic nervous function in 60 mould-exposed patients found 95% had abnormal autonomic responsesof the pupil. 2 3 Visual contrast sensitivity studies were often

abnormal in indoor-mould-exposed patients.23

Additional studies have reported that mould-exposed patientsdo significantly more poorly on tests of attention, balance,reaction time, verbal recall, concentration, memory and fingert a p p i n g .24, 122–124 Most of these patients also experienced manyhealth problems including chronic fatigue, headaches, insomnia,and decreased balance, concentration and attention.

Studies of 10 indoor-mould-exposed children and 378 indoor-mould-exposed adults found significantly more

neurophysiological abnormalities than incontrols; these included abnormalEEGs and abnormal brainstem, visualand somatosensory-evoked potentialsas compared to 10 control children.25, 125

The large number of objectiveneuropsychological findings insymptomatic patients support thefindings that exposure to indoor mouldscan have adverse health effects.

Renal DysfunctionExposure to fungi may also cause

kidney dysfunction. It is well knownthat ochratoxin-contaminated food is

n e p h r o t o x i c .126, 127 Indoor exposure to ochratoxin may also benephrotoxic. A study was presented of a family who presentedwith increasing thirst and urination, lethargy and skin rash.Considerable amounts of ochratoxin were found in the house dust.The family recovered after moving to another home.38

Life-Threatening Fungal Infections in the Immuno-Compromised

In recent years, the incidence of life-threatening infections inimmuno-compromised patients from A s p e r g i l l u s and othercommon fungi has been growing rapidly. 128, 129 I n v a s i v easpergillosis is very common among immuno-compromisedpatients, with reported incidence rates in the following patients:

lung transplants, 17%–26%; allogenic bonemarrow transplants, 5%–15%; acuteleukaemia, 5%–24%; and heart transplants,2%–13%.130, 131 Even with strong anti-fungaldrugs and intense hospital treatment,mortality rates from invasive aspergillosisrange from 50% to 99% in the immuno-compromised.132, 133

Environmental control plays a key role inpreventing Aspergillus infections. Severalstudies have linked hospital constructionwork to increased rates of invasivea s p e r g i l l o s i s .1 3 4 – 1 3 7 Environmental controlssuch as using HEPA filters, sealing rooms,cleaning rooms regularly and using anti-fungal copper-8-quinolate paint have beenshown to significantly reduce airbornelevels of A s p e r g i l l u s and significantlyreduce rates of invasive aspergillosis inimmuno-compromised hospitalpatients.135–141

Other recent research has indicated that alarge number of A s p e r g i l l u s spores canspread through water supplies 1 4 2 and thatcleaning shower facilities can significantlylower airborne levels of Aspergillus.143

22 • NEXUS www.nexusmagazine.com JUNE – JULY 2006

The image above illustrates conidiophores and conidia of a Stachybotrys species collected on tapefrom a basement in southern Quebec. (Source: http://www.botany.utoronto.ca/ResearchLabs/MallochLab/Malloch/Moulds/Source.html)

Indoor airborne mouldexposure causes neurologicdysfunction and cognitive

deficits...including memoryloss, irritability, anxiety

and depression...

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Mould-Related HealthProblems

A careful environmental and medical history is an essential firststep in evaluating a patient for mould-related health problems.5 2 ,

1 4 4 – 1 4 6 Particular attention should be paid to any history ofexposure to visible mould and/or water damage at the home orworkplace. Environmental sampling for viable spores, totalspores and mycotoxins in the air and dust can provide importantexposure information. For patients suspected of havingsubstantial fungal exposure, a battery of sophisticated laboratorytests has been developed to test for:

1) antibodies to moulds and mycotoxins in the sera of thesepatients;108, 109

2) immunological factors;115

3) mycotoxins in urine and blood;47 and4) several important parameters (including electrolytes, blood

sugar and kidney status) using a basic metabolic panel.Visual contrast sensitivity tests should be

done on all mould-exposed patients. The use ofstandard neuropsychological test batteries 2 3 ,

122–124 as well as autonomic nerve testing, EEGand brain-imaging techniques like SPECT andMRI can be very helpful tools in documentingmould-related neurological damage.25, 120, 121, 125, 144

Use of pulmonary function tests is also usefulfor patients with respiratory symptoms. 24, 120

If patient symptoms and/or a review ofsystems suggest involvement of ears, nose,throat, gastrointestinal system, the eyes orthe heart, then consultation withphysicians knowledgeable aboutenvironmental exposures (be they adoctor, an ENT specialist, a gastro-enterologist, an ophthalmologist or acardiologist) may be very useful. Failureto perform objective evaluations forassessing system or organ dysfunctionaccounts for the presently acceptedposition that airborne mould exposureshave no significant adverse healtheffects.38

Other common indoor environmentalexposures should also be considered as a potential source ofhealth problems. Common non-fungal indoor environmentalfactors include poor ventilation, carbon monoxide from faultyheat sources, pesticides, second- hand tobacco smoke,petrochemicals such as those found in cleaners, building materialsand solvents, formaldehyde from outgassing carpets and buildingmaterials, bacteria, and allergens from the fur, feathers and salivaof common household animals like cockroaches, dust mites, cats,dogs, caged birds and pigeons. Exposure to ozone, second-handtobacco smoke, formaldehyde, cockroach allergen and viralinfections can also have a synergistic effect with fungal exposureto worsen asthma and rhinitis.147–151

The most important part of treatment for mould-exposedpatients is avoidance of fungal exposure and remediation ofmould contamination in the home and workplace. Any waterleaks and flooded or damp areas should be rectified immediately.Non-porous surfaces like floors and walls which have visiblemould growth should be cleaned. Porous waterlogged materialslike carpet and furniture should be thrown out. Control ofhumidity is important to control mould growth.

The use of air conditioners and dehumidifiers can significantly

reduce summertime indoor airborne mould concentrations. 10, 152

HEPA air filters can also significantly reduce indoor airbornefungus concentrations.141 For clean-up of severe indoor water ormould problems, use of protective equipment like face masksand/or use of a professional remediation firm may be essential.50–52

Use of sublingual or injective fungal immunotherapy has beenshown to be beneficial to some patients sensitised to commonindoor moulds such as A l t e r n a r i a and C l a d o s p o r i u mherbarium.153, 154 Other therapies found helpful include:

1) detoxification (sauna, massage, exercise);2) correction of identified immune deficiencies;3) use of topical, nasal or oral antifungal drugs when indicated.Some studies with laboratory animals suggest that a high-

quality diet with adequate anti-oxidant vitamins, selenium,phytochemicals, methionine and total protein can reduce theharmful effects of food mycotoxins.155, 156

SummaryIndoor airborne mould and/or mycotoxin

exposures cause many multi-system adversehuman health effects, as indicated by the morethan 100 references cited. Healthcareprofessionals, building managers, homeowners and the general public need to be muchmore aware of the potential adverse healtheffects of moulds and mycotoxins, the need forproper building remediation and the need forappropriate patient diagnosis and treatment.

There is sufficient data from the medicalliterature and the large number of clinicalreports to substantiate the reportedadverse health effects of indoor airbornemould. Indoor mould and mycotoxinexposure absorbed through the respiratoryroute can be a major pathway of injury byall three mechanisms: infection, allergyand toxicity. ∞

Editor's Note:The above article first appeared in theJournal of the Australasian College ofNutritional & Environmental Medicine,

vol. 23, no. 1, April 2004, pp. 3–8. Unfortunately, due to spaceconstraints, we are unable to publish the extensive endnotes. Toview these, go to web page http://www.acnem.org/journal/23-1_april_2004/indoor_moulds.htm. The article is reproducedhere with permission of the authors, and copyright is vested withACNEM, the Australasian College of Nutritional & EnvironmentalMedicine: PO Box 324, Black Rock, Vic. 3193, Australia, tel+61 (0)3 9589 6088, fax +61 (0)3 9589 5158, [email protected], website http://www.acnem.org.

About the Authors:At the time of their collaboration for this article, the authors'details were as follows: • Luke Curtis , MS, CIH, School of Public Health, University ofIllinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA• Allan Lieberman , MD, Center for Occupational andEnvironmental Health, North Charleston, South Carolina, USA• Martha Stark , MD, Harvard University, Newton Center,Massachusetts, USA• William Rea, Environmental Health Center, Dallas, Texas, USA• Marsha Vetter , MD, PhD, Environmental Health Center,Hoffman Estates, Illinois, USA.

JUNE – JULY 2006 www.nexusmagazine.com NEXUS • 23

Additional studieshave reported that

mould-exposedpatients do

significantly morepoorly on tests ofattention, balance,

reaction time, verbalrecall, concentration,memory and finger

tapping.

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24 • NEXUS www.nexusmagazine.com JUNE – JULY 2006

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Violence and the Political Requirements of the Global Drug Traffic

In the last three decades, three important facts have emerged about the internationaldrug traffic. The first is that it is both huge and growing.

Narcotics are estimated to be worth between [US]$500 billion and $1 trillion a year, anamount, according to UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan in remarks to a United NationsGeneral Assembly session in June 2003, that is greater than the global oil and gasindustry, and twice as large as the overall automobile industry.1

The second is that it is both worldwide and, above all, "highly integrated".2 At globaldrug summits, such as the one in Armenia in 1993, representatives of the Sicilian Mafia,the Brighton Beach Organizatsiya and Colombian drug lords have worked out a commonmodus operandi, with the laundering of dirty money entrusted chiefly to the lawlessRussian banks.3

The third important fact, undeniable since the 1980 US intervention in Afghanistan, isthat governments with global pretensions will avail themselves, in pursuit of their ownpolitical ends, of the resources, both financial and political, of the drug traffic. It wasstriking in the 1980s that the CIA, in its choice of Afghan mujahedin leaders to backagainst the Soviet Union, passed over those with indigenous support in favour of those—notably, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar—who dominated the heroin trade. The result was toenhance Hekmatyar's power until he became a leading heroin trafficker, not just inAfghanistan but in the world.4

Three more important features of the global drug traffic have been less noticed; thus,although I regard them as facts, I shall refer to them not as facts but as propositions to betested against evidence. The first proposition is that the highly integrated drug trafficindustry, in addition to serving the political ends of world powers, has its own political aswell as economic objectives. It requires that in major growing areas there must be limitedstate control—a condition most easily reached by fostering regional rebellion and warfare,often fought by its own private armies. This is the ongoing situation of designed violencein every major growing area from Lebanon to Myanmar, Colombia to Afghanistan. All ofthese countries have been labelled "failing states", or (the term preferred by politicalscientists) "anocracies".5

Once the local power of drug armies was enough in itself to neutralise the imposition ofstate authority. But today there are increasing signs that those at the highest level of thedrug traffic will plot with the leaders of major states to ensure, or even to stage, violencethat serves the power of the state and the industry alike.

Thanks to extensive research in Russia, we now have initial evidence of a second andeven more significant proposition: that there exists on the global level a drug meta-group,able to manipulate the resources of the drug traffic for its own political and business endswithout being at risk for actual trafficking. These ends include the creation of designedviolence to serve the purposes of cabals in political power—most conspicuously in thecase of the Yeltsin "family" in the Kremlin, but allegedly, according to Russian sources,also for those currently in power in the United States.

One piece of evidence for this consists in a meeting which took place in July 1999 insouthern France near Nice, at the villa in Beaulieu of arms merchant Adnan Khashoggi,once called "the richest man in the world". Those at the meeting included a member ofthe Yeltsin cabal in the Kremlin and four representatives from the meta-group, with

The internationalillegal drug trade

serves not only thepolitical and

economicobjectives of the

drug traffic but thestate itself,

including powerfulinterests in the USA

and Russia.

Part 1 of 2

by Peter Dale Scott, PhD© October 2005 – January 2006

Website:http://www.peterdalescott.net

JUNE – JULY 2006 www.nexusmagazine.com NEXUS • 25

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passports from Venezuela, Turkey, United Arab Emirates andGermany. Between them they allegedly enjoyed excellentrelations with:

1) Ayman al-Zawahiri, the acknowledged mastermind of 9/11and senior mentor to Osama bin Laden;

2) Soviet military intelligence;3) the FARC, the Colombian revolutionary group that has

become increasingly involved in the drug traffic;4) the Kosovo Liberation Army, a similarly involved group;5) (according to a well-informed Russian source) the CIA.The third important proposition is that a meta-group of this

scale does not just help government agencies make history. Ihope to show that its members, and its predecessors, are powerfulenough to help make history themselves. However, they do notdo so overtly but as a hidden "Force X" whose presence is notnormally acknowledged in the polite discourse of academicpolitical scientists. On the contrary, as we shall see, references toit are usually suppressed.

A Digression: Drugs, Meta-Groups and theCompradorial Revolution

The question arises whether this is the only such meta-group inthe international drug milieu. My tentative answer is that thereare indeed other focal nodes for organised international drugtrafficking, often above the reach ofthe law. (The remnants of thedissident Hekmatyar drug network inAfghanistan would be a primeexample.) What is special about thismeta-group is its global reach, whichmakes it of especial interest to theCIA and other pro-Americanagencies committed to globalisation.It also has its own business front, FarWest, Ltd., which has interfacedwith prominent politicaltransnational firms like Halliburton.

A drug meta-group with suchbroad connections is notunprecedented. As I argue elsewhere, I see an historicalsuccession of meta-groups influencing US governmental relationsto the international drug traffic. This succession reaches back,through the CIA-sponsored activities of BCCI, to what I call thefirst post-war meta-group: the overlapping global operations ofWilliam Donovan, E. Howard Hunt, Paul Helliwell and MeyerL a n s k y .6 If there is an historical pattern of evolution in thissuccession, it is that successive meta-groups have become morepowerful, more highly organised and more independent of theirgovernment connections.

A clear predecessor for the Far West meta-group was the Bankof Credit and Commerce International (BCCI), a drug-launderingbank which was of use to CIA Director William Casey preciselybecause of its corrupt global reach. As a Washington insider saidto two Time reporters covering BCCI:

They were the only way we could talk to certain folks, and theywere the only vehicle available for some transactions. Who elsecould wire something together to Saudi Arabia, China, Israel, andthe US?7

It is worthy of note that Khashoggi has enjoyed intimateconnections to both Far West and BCCI, as well as to Westernintelligence and politicians. He was listed in the 1992 US SenateBCCI report as one of the "principal foreign agents of the US".7a

The "wiring together" effected by drugs has helped give asignificant boost to the global banking network, particularly inRussia and Southeast Asia. In these areas it has also fosteredtrade and investment, bringing businessmen from previous,diverse, commercial areas into increasing contact with each other.From this perspective, globalisation can be seen as a compradorialrevolution: compradorial classes have moved into positions ofpower, and in some cases their international networks have beenmore than a match for local state power.8

As to how many drug meta-groups exist in the world, I believethere are at least two. A second, which we will not examine here,oversees the new drug highway from northern Myanmar (Burma)through the entrepreneurial zones of southern China, and managesthe international connections necessary to arrange for thesmuggling of heroin and people into Australia and the eastern andwestern United States.9

The relation of the West to this second or Eastern meta-group isunknown, and in all probability it is highly complex andambiguous. It is probably safe to say, however, that the globalreach of the second meta-group, overseeing the much smallerflow of drugs east from Myanmar, is less than the first or Westernmeta-group we shall discuss here, overseeing the far greater flowof drugs west from Afghanistan. It has been estimated that bynow Afghanistan supplies 87 per cent of the global heroin trade.10

There is an undeniable Westernface to the dominant meta-group.One member of the meta-group at the1999 meeting, Anton Surikov, hadspent time at the London Centre forDefence Studies; in addition, Surikovhad had contacts with at least onesenior CIA representative.11 (Anothermember of the meta-group, formerLithuanian Defence Minister AudriusButkevicius, was with Surikov at theLondon Centre.) We shall see that athird member, Ruslan Saidov, is saidto have been paid as a CIA contractagent.

But there are much more important functional links betweenthis meta-group and corporations close to the White Houseof President George W. Bush. The group's business front, FarWest, Ltd, is said to have CIA-approved contractual dealings withHalliburton for geopolitical purposes in the Caucasus as well asdealings in Iraq with Diligence LLC, a group with connections toJoe Allbaugh (the FEMA chief in 2001) and to the President'syounger brother Neil Bush. The head of Far West recently told aRussian outlet that "a well-known American corporation...is a co-founder of our agency".12

One of the alleged purposes of the meeting at the villa—but notthe only one—was to give the Yeltsin "family" what it supposedlyneeded: a Russian 9/11.

The "Russian 9/11": Bombings and Plans for WarRussia has been familiar for some time with charges that the

bombings in Moscow in September 1999, and an accompanyinginvasion of Russian Dagestan that rekindled the ongoing war inneighbouring Chechnya, were both planned by representatives ofthe Islamist element in the Chechen resistance in collusion with arepresentative of the Russian Kremlin.

Read synoptically, these stories indicate that the well-connecteddrug-trafficking meta-group, with connections to both theKremlin and the CIA, arranged in advance for the bombings and

But there are much moreimportant functional linksbetween this meta-group

and corporations close to theWhite House of President

George W. Bush.

26 • NEXUS www.nexusmagazine.com JUNE – JULY 2006

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invasion at the July 1999 meeting at a French villa owned byAdnan Khashoggi. The group allegedly operated with supportfrom Saudi Arabia and organised global drug trafficking, some ofit probably through Kosovo.

The evidence for this Western face of the group is laid out in anarticle by a so-called Yuri Yasenev, which is clearly acompilation of extracts from intelligence reports, on a Russianwebsite [see http://www.compromat.ru/main/surikov/s a i d o v . h t m ] . 1 3 The article is cited—very selectively—asauthoritative by a reputable Hoover Institution scholar, John B.Dunlop [see the October 8, 2004, paper "Storm in Moscow" ath t t p : / / w w w . s a i s - j h u . e d u / p r o g r a m s / r e s / p a p e r s / D u n l o p _paper.pdf].14

But Dunlop completely ignores—one might say, suppresses—Yasenev's case as I have summarised it above. He uses the articleinstead to document a more familiar case: that in 1999, theYeltsin "family" in the Kremlin dealt withthis same group to create what might becalled the "Russian 9/11".

When I say that Dunlop suppresses certaindetails, I do not mean to suggest that he doesso conspiratorially or even consciously. Mynotion of deep politics, which I havedeveloped elsewhere, posits that in everyculture and society there are facts which tendto be suppressed collectively because of thesocial and psychological costs of not doings o .1 5 Like all other observers, I too haveinvoluntarily suppressed facts and evenmemories about the drug traffic that were tooprovocative to be retained with equanimity.16

The drug traffic is often thebeneficiary of this suppression, whichleaves it more free to act withoutinterference. In Deep Politics I referredto the pervasive influence of a USgovernment–drug collaboration which Icalled "Operation X", looking at it fromthe perspective of a parapoliticalmanipulation of the traffic by thegovernment.17

I wish now that I had written of a"Force X": a force which was nolonger under total government controland, indeed, could influencegovernment behaviour for its ownends.18

Dunlop's thesis is in itself an alarming one. It is that men ofinfluence in the Kremlin, building on the connections establishedby the wealthy oligarch Boris Berezovsky, were able to arrangefor staged violence in order to reinforce support for an unpopularRussian government. This staged violence took the form of lethalbombings in the capital and an agreed-upon incursion byChechens into Russian Dagestan.

This credible thesis is even more alarming when we considerthat both Khashoggi and Berezovsky have purchased significantpolitical influence in the West as well. In 2003 Khashoggi wasnegotiating with Richard Perle, a member of theCheney–Rumsfeld clique who at the time was still Chairman ofthe US Defense Policy Board, to invest considerable Saudi moneyin Perle's company Trireme.19 Berezovsky is a shareholder in thesoftware company, Ignite, of President Bush's delinquent brotherNeil Bush.20

By the "Russian 9/11", I mean the Kremlin-approved bombingsof Russian apartment buildings in 1999, along with the pre-arranged (and partly staged) invasion of Dagestan which led to thesecond Russian invasion of Chechnya. For some time the Westhas heard versions of the claim that both events were planned atthe time by Russian intelligence. For example, Patrick Cockburnreported as follows in the Independent of January 29, 2000:

Boris Kagarlitsky, a member of the Russian Academy ofSciences Institute of Comparative Politics, writing in the weeklyNovaya Gazeta, says that the bombings in Moscow and elsewherewere arranged by the GRU (the Russian military intelligenceservice). He says they used members of a group controlled byShirvani Basayev, brother of the Chechen warlord ShamilBasayev, to plant the bombs. These killed 300 people in Buikask,Moscow and Volgodonsk in September.21

Western scholarly analyses have seen thebombings and war as part of a stratagem toboost the popularity of the Kremlin, andparticularly the little-known new PrimeMinister Putin, in preparation for thepresidential elections in November 1999.The most thorough study, by John Dunlop,blames the plotting on three protégés of theRussian oligarch Boris Berezovsky—Valentin Yumashev, Alexander Voloshinand Roman Abramovich—who at this pointwere members of Yeltsin's "family" in theK r e m l i n .2 2 (As for Berezovsky himself,Dunlop writes that by mid-1999 "all of hisreal but beginning-to-dwindle political

influence was obtained through theintercession of D'yachenko [Yeltsin'sdaughter] and Yumashev".23)

The Meeting in Khashoggi's Villa,July 1999

A crucial piece of evidence for thisthesis of Kremlin-structured violence isthe meeting in July 1999, whenAlexander Voloshin met in southernFrance with the Chechen warlordShamil' Basaev. In Dunlop's words[pp. 40-41]:

On the day following the initialincursion of rebel forces into the

Dagestani highlands in early August of 1999, the investigativeweekly V e r s i y a published a path-breaking report claiming thatthe head of the Russian Presidential Administration, AleksandrVoloshin, had met secretly with the most wanted man in Russia,Shamil' Basaev, through the good offices of a retired officer in theGRU, Anton Surikov, at a villa belonging to international armsmerchant Adnan Khashoggi located between Nice and Monaco.109

A source in French intelligence was credited by V e r s i y a w i t hsupplying this information. The article stirred major interest inthe Russian media, but at the time documentary confirmation waslacking...

"This villa, according to the French special services, belongs tothe international arms dealer Adnan Khashoggi. He is an Arabfrom Saudi Arabia, a billionaire with a complicated reputation.According to the French special services, and also to the Frenchpress, in June of 1999 there took up residence at the villa aVenezuelan banker named Alfonso Davidovich. 1 1 1 In the Latin

JUNE – JULY 2006 www.nexusmagazine.com NEXUS • 27

Dunlop's thesis...is thatmen of influence in

the Kremlin, building on the connectionsestablished by thewealthy oligarch Boris Berezovsky,

were able to arrange for staged violence in

order to reinforcesupport for an

unpopular Russiangovernment.

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American press, he is said to be responsible for laundering thefunds of the Colombian left insurrection organization FARC,which carries out an armed struggle with the official authorities,supported by the narcotics business."

Dunlop's massively documented essay is 52 pages long, with142 footnotes. But having thus provocatively included referencesto both Khashoggi and narcotics, Dunlop does not mention eitheragain.

Khashoggi's Interest in ChechnyaJust as Berezovsky was at one point the richest man in Russia,

so Khashoggi was once (according to his American biographer)"the richest man in the world". At one point, indeed, Khashoggihad an influence in American politics analogous to Berezovsky'sin Russia. For example, Khashoggi attendedboth Nixon inaugurals and contributedmoney to his election campaigns. Headmitted to giving $58,000 in 1968, butallegedly told Pierre Salinger he gave $1million in 1972.24 He also arranged a fund-raising event for Jimmy Carter's Center inPlains, Georgia—an event which probablyoriginated from Khashoggi's and Carter'sconnections to the Bank of Credit andCommerce International (BCCI).25

Khashoggi is usually thought of as anarms salesman. Although he has never beendirectly linked to the drug traffic, he wasintimately involved in the affairs of the drug-money-laundering BCCI, with whichhe arranged an arms shipment as part ofOliver North's dealings inI r a n – C o n t r a . 2 5 a He also becamenotorious for flying into Las Vegasfrom abroad and then rapidly losingvast sums of cash at the casino tables—a traditional form of money-laundering.25b His name has surfaced inconnection with a number of otherscandals, from the illicit real estateventures of the Marcos family in NewYork to a major defrauding of a Thaibank in 1998, which was followed bythe Asian financial crisis.

Khashoggi had had a financial interest in Chechnya andconnections with its leaders since 1996, from his participation in aconsortium called Caucasian Common Market AO. This wasdesigned to raise US$3 billion in the West and Japan forinvestment in Chechnya. 2 5 c A principal organiser was formerChechen First Deputy Premier Khozh-Akhmed Nukhaev, inconjunction with Lord McAlpine of the Goldsmith familyinterests in London and also American capital.25d But according tothe late Paul Klebnikov, Nukhaev had a background in Chechenorganised crime before developing "a radical ideology in line withthe one espoused by Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda network".25e

Despite this background, Nukhaev found support and financingin Washington for his Caucasian–American Chamber ofCommerce. According to one source, in 1997 Khashoggiintroduced Nukhaev to former US Secretary of State JamesBaker.25f However, Dunlop's inquiry is focused not on Khashoggibut on Berezovsky and his representative Voloshin in the Kremlin[p. 45]:

In March of 2002 Interfax reported that, through his long-timebusiness partner Badri Patarkatsishvili, Berezovskii had"supplied Chechen figures Kazbek Makhashev and MovladiUdugov with money to purchase the raid against Dagestan.According to witnesses, Berezovskii contributed 30 million rublesfor the purpose".1 2 0 This payment, amounting to more than $1million, if it occurred, may have been only one of several intendedto underwrite a "short victorious war" in Dagestan.

1 2 0 "Berezovskii Sponsored Dagestan Raid, Top Policeman'sAbduction—Prosecutors", Interfax, 5 March 2002. A well-knownjournalist for RFE-RL, Andrei Babitskii, who frequently visited Chechnyaduring this period and was acquainted with a number of leadingseparatists, writes that he can confirm that Berezovskii did indeed speakby telephone with both Basaev and Movladi Udugov at this juncture. SeeAndrei Babibitskii, "Na voine”, hro.org, 2 March 2004.

Dunlop is not alone in suspecting the handof Berezovsky behind Voloshin's meetingwith Basaev. So does Cockburn's source,Boris Kagarlitsky (about whom we shallhave more to say).25g The Russian observerLilia Shevtsova reports a rumour at this timethat Berezovsky himself, along with hisagent Alexander Voloshin, had met inFrance with Basaev in the summer of 1999,just before the Dagestan invasion of August2nd.25h

Dunlop's Redactions of His SourceYasenev

Though he says nothing more aboutKhashoggi or drugs, Dunlop doeshowever make one more reference tothe alleged drug-money-laundererAlfonso Davidovich [pp. 42-43]:

"It soon emerged," V e r s i y acontinued, "that a very frequent visitorto Davidovich was a certain Frenchbusinessman of Israeli-Soviet origin, anative of Sokhumi [Abkhazia], 53-year-old Yakov Kosman. [ 1 1 2 ] Soon Kosmanbrought with him six persons whoarrived via Austria carrying Turkishp a s s p o r t s .[ 2 6 ] In one of the passportsthe French [authorities] identified a

certain Tsveiba, who is accused by the Tbilisi authorities ofhaving committed genocide during the Georgia-Abkhaz conflict."All of the visitors settled into the villa for a three weeks' stay.

"Soon," the account continues, "the special services succeededin establishing that Kosman and Tsveiba went to the Nice airport,where they met two men who had arrived from Paris. Judgingfrom their documents, one of those who arrived was SultanSosnaliev, who in the years of the Georgian-Abkhaz war served asthe minister of defense of Abkhazia. [ 1 1 3 ] Second there emergedfrom the airport one more native of Sokhumi—Anton Surikov.According to rumors, during the years of the war in Abkhazia, hewas subordinated to Sosnaliev and was responsible for questionsof the organization of sabotage and was friendly with fieldcommander Shamil' Basaev, who at that time headed the Chechenbattalion."

The next arrival came by sea: "According to the preciseinformation of the French and the Israelis, on 3 July at the port ofBeaulieu a private English yacht 'Magiya' [Magic] arrived from

28 • NEXUS www.nexusmagazine.com JUNE – JULY 2006

Just as Berezovsky was at one point the

richest man in Russia, so Khashoggi was once

"the richest man in the world".

At one point, indeed,Khashoggi had an

influence in Americanpolitics analogous to

Berezovsky's in Russia.

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Malta. From it to the shore came two passengers. If one is tobelieve the passport information, one of the 'Englishmen' was acertain Turk, in the past an advisor to the Islamicist premier ofTurkey, [Necmettin] Erbakan, a rather influential figure in theWahhabi circles of Turkey, the Middle East, and the Caucasus.[114]

From sources in the Russian special services we learned thatMekhmet is also a close friend of the not unknown Khattab."

"The second person," the account goes on, "to the surprise ofthe intelligence officers, was the Chechen field commanderShamil' Basaev."

1 1 2 Kosman is reported in the same 17 December 2004 issue ofcompromat.ru to live in Nice and to possess German and, possibly,Israeli citizenship.

113 On Sosnaliev as Abkhazia's defenseminister, see RFE-RL Newsline, 2November 1993.

114 On Erbakan, see Shireen T. Hunter,Islam in Russia: The Politics of Identityand Security (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe,2004), p. 365.

Dunlop's cited source forinformation about both Davidovichand Kosman is the article by YuriYasenev, "Rossiyu zhdetoranzhevaya revolytsiya" ("AnOrange Revolution is in Store forRussia"), on the Russian website,r u . c o m p r o m a t .2 7 But Dunlop hassignificantly edited, one must even say censored, what Yasenevwrote. In footnote 111, Dunlop says:

The article "Rossiyu zhdet oranzhevaya revolytsiya",compromat.ru, 17 December 2004, reports that Davidovich livesin Munich and enjoys both German and Venezuelan citizenship.He is also said to be personally acquainted with internationalarms dealer Khashoggi.

This radically curtails Yasenev's description of Davidovich:Alfonso Davidovich (1948), Venezuelan, lives in Munich. Has

German and Venezuelan citizenship.Speaks Spanish, English, French, German, and

Russian fluently. In the 1970s went throughspecial training in the USSR (Privol'noe,Nikolaevskaya oblast) and East Germany.

Owns companies and banks in Barbados, theCaymans and other off-shores.

Has friendly relations with Hugo Chavez, andis acquainted with Fidel Castro, Marcus Wolf andAdnan Khashoggi. Has many contacts inColombia, including FARC. In 1999 Davidovichwas alleged to have engaged in arms traffickingfor guerrillas in Chiapas, Mexico, and in moneylaundering for the Colombian drug mafia.Finances antiglobalization movement in Europeand Latin America.

With respect to Yakov Kosman, Dunlop says infootnote 112:

Kosman is reported in the same 17 December2004 issue of compromat.ru to live in Nice and topossess German and, possibly, Israeli citizenship.

Compare this with what Yasenev wrote:Yakov Abramovich Kosman (b. 1946), resides

in Nice, France. Has German and, possibly, Israeli citizenship.Involved in real estate operations and banking. Has contacts withKosovo Albanian criminal societies in European countries. In1997–2000 he served as financial consultant to Hashim Thaçi, thechief commander of KLA.29

Consider that [according to the Washington Times of May 3,1999]:

In 1998, the US State Department listed the KLA—formallyknown as the Ushtria Clirimtare e Kosoves, or UCK—as aninternational terrorist organization, saying it had bankrolled itsoperations with proceeds from the international heroin trade andfrom loans from known terrorists like Osama bin Laden.30

The Khashoggi Villa Meeting,Drugs and Kosovo

It would appear that Davidovichand Kosman were in Khashoggi'svilla to talk about more than justChechnya, but that Dunlop did notwish to explore this possibility. Forexample, he acknowledges thepresence of no less than four men ofAbkhazian origin and/or influence atthe meeting—Kosman, Tsveiba,Sosnaliev and Surikov—and yetoffers no explanation whatsoever fortheir presence. (A glance at a mapwill show that Abkhazia is irrelevant

to the subsequent events in Dagestan and Chechnya.)It seems likely that a drug route was discussed by Basaev and

others involving Abkhazia, which now "has become a key herointransiting point".31

Its drug-trafficking importance is noted by none other thanSurikov himself:

In general then, the Chechen [drug-trafficking] group hasallotted a very important place to Abkhazia in its plans…Abkhazia today is one of the most criminalised areas of theformer Soviet Union.32

Khashoggi had had a financialinterest in Chechnya and

connections with its leaders since1996, from his participation in a consortium called Caucasian

Common Market AO.

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"I drink to forget the country's drug problems."

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The London paper Al-Sharq Al-Awsat has written that Basaevcontrolled the "Abkhaz heroin road" used by the Taliban as atransit route to Europe.33

Russian observers have pointed out that the meeting(s) inFrance, which took place in June and/or July 1999, came shortlyafter the unexpected entry of Russian troops into Kosovo. OnJune 11, 1999, 200 Russian troops in SFOR drove from Bosnia toPristina and secured Slatina airport. General Wesley Clark thenordered (UK) General Sir Mike Jackson (who on June 9 hadsigned technical agreement for withdrawal of Yugoslav troopsfrom Kosovo) "...to seize the airport. Jackson responded,famously, that he would not start World War Three for him."34

Following two days of talks directly between Clinton andYeltsin, the crisis was averted. Instead, there followed weeks of"protracted negotiations on Russia's role in the Kosovopeacekeeping mission".3 5 In the end, undercircumstances still not fully understood, theUnited States and NATO agreed that theRussians could stay.

The Russian troops finally withdrew fromthe airport in July 2003. 3 6 Significantly, achart of Russian drug-trafficking preparedby one of Surikov's partners, Sergei Petrov,indicates that in 2003 Kosovo ceased to be amain point of export for Russian drugs, itsplace being taken by the Black Sea oil portof Novorossiysk.37

Within a year of the troops' arrival, by2000, according to DEA (Drug EnforcementAdministration) statistics, Afghan heroinaccounted for almost 20 per cent of theheroin seized in the United States—nearly double the percentage taken fouryears earlier. Much of it was nowdistributed in America by KosovarA l b a n i a n s .3 8 It is significant thereforethat:

The "Pristina dash" by Russianparachutists in 1999 during the Kosovocrisis (the purpose of the "dash" was toforce NATO to guarantee for Russia aseparate sector of responsibility inKosovo) was organised by the head ofthe General Staff, Anatoly Kvashnin,and his deputy, Leonid Ivashov,without the knowledge of minister of defense Igor Sergeyev andmost likely without Yeltsin's knowledge.39

Yasenev says nothing about this, but does assert that Kvashninwas the Russian Army connection of two leading drug traffickers(Vladimir Filin and Alexey Likhvintsev) in the Saidov–Surikovgroup.

The Role of Surikov: The Dunlop and Yasenev VersionsAs we have seen, Dunlop describes Anton Surikov, the

organiser of the Beaulieu meeting between Voloshin and Basaev,as "a retired officer in the GRU". He fails to quote from hissource Yasenev's description of Surikov:

Anton Victorovich Surikov (b. 1961). Presents himself aspolitical scientist. Responsible for informational and politicalprojects. Actively publishes in press. Some of his publicationsresemble ciphered directives to the elements in Russian specialservices d i s l o y a l [emphasis added] to President Vladimir Putin.

His other articles contain political messages intended for abroad. Surikov has contacts with Fritz Ermarth, former leading CIA

analyst of the USSR and Russia, now in the Nixon Foundation... In 2002–03, together with Kondaurov—who represented

Mikhail Khodorkovsky and Leonid Nevzlin—Surikov, with thehelp of Victor Vidmanov, organized financing of CPRF byYUKOS shareholders and the individuals associated with OPS[the organized criminal society] (Yakov Kosman, NikolaiLugovskoi) to the tune of $15 million.40

(Note: "CPRF" stands for Communist Party of the RussianFederation. "YUKOS" is a Russian oil company, onceKhodorkovsky's.)

Boris Kagarlitsky's essay [Novaya Gazeta, January 24, 2000]and Yasenev's memo, taken from intelligence files, talk about

Surikov but from opposing perspectives.Kagarlitsky, a long-time dissident and foe ofPutin, saw the Beaulieu meeting as the venuefor Kremlin-instigated violence, designed torestore the Kremlin's popularity before thecoming election. Yasenev's memo seesSurikov as part of an ongoing effort todestabilise Russia and weaken the Kremlin.

Kagarlitsky (and after him Dunlop) saysalmost nothing about Surikov, other than torefer to his past years with Russian militaryintelligence, the GRU. To quote Dunlop[pp. 44-45]:

Kagarlitskii also notes: "DuringPrimakov's time, Surikov worked on the staff

of the government of the RussianFederation. Despite this fact, he alsodeveloped regular work relations withVoloshin's people." It seems thereforequite likely that Surikov and Voloshinwere personally acquainted.41

However, Yasenev's memo inDecember 2004 links Surikov not tothe government or Kremlin but(through Kondaurov) to the sphere ofthe man who by that time had emergedas America's best friend and Putin'smost powerful enemy in Russia: theoligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky. (The

Kondaurov–Khodorkovsky connection is abundantly documented:both men freely admit it.)

F o r b e s magazine, which underwrote Klebnikov's damningaccount of Berezovsky, wrote on March 18, 2002, thatKhodorkovsky appeared to be "the West's best friend" in Russia.According to PBS in October 2003, Khodorkovsky's firmMenatep shared business interests with the Western investmentfirms Global Asset Management, the Blackstone Group, theCarlyle Group and AIG Capital Partners. In addition:

He frequently travels to the United States. He reportedly dinedwith Condoleezza Rice last year and recently was a guest at HerbAllen's Idaho ranch, along with Bill Gates, Warren Buffett andother luminaries, for an annual telecommunications executivesmeeting.42

Quoting from an anti-Yeltsin essay of May 1999 by Surikov inV e r s i y a, the American right-wing Jamestown Foundation agreeswith Yasenev (against Kagarlitsky and Dunlop) that "Surikov is

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Within a year of the troops' arrival,

by 2000, according toDEA statistics, Afghanheroin accounted foralmost 20 per cent

of the heroin seized inthe United States—nearly double thepercentage taken four years earlier.

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clearly in the camp of Yeltsin's opponents". 4 3 More recently,Surikov has also shown himself to be anti-Putin, criticising Putin's"obvious inability…to struggle against terrorism effectively".44

Furthermore, Surikov clearly had Western support in hisopposition to government corruption under Yeltsin. The Centrefor Defence Studies, a British think-tank at King's College,London, published two small books by Surikov, including oneentitled Crime in Russia: the international implications .4 5

According to his web page at the Moscow Institute ofGlobalization Studies (IPROG) website, Surikov spent the year1994 at the Centre for Defence Studies.46 Audrius Butkevicius issaid to have spent the year there as well.

As for Yasenev's allegation that "Surikov has contacts withFritz Ermarth", Surikov when questioned about this admitted itfrankly: "I am personally acquainted with Mr Ermarth as politicalscientist since 1996. It's well known by many people and wenever hid this fact."47

In saying this, Surikov was admitting to a CIA connection:Ermarth, a senior officer who twice served on the NationalSecurity Council, did not retire from the CIA until 1998. The twomen had met in April 1996 at a Global International SecuritySeminar in Virginia.48

Above all, Kagarlitsky is silentabout the charge which has sincearoused controversy in the Russianmedia: Surikov's supposedinvolvement with "a group ofrenegade Soviet secret serviceofficers who are allegedly involvedin international drug trafficking andhave ties with Western and Saudisecurity apparatus".49

It would be interesting to learn atwhat point Kagarlitsky first metSurikov, and whether Surikov was infact the source for Kagarlitsky'sarticle about the meeting in southernFrance. Today the two men are close,and serve together at IPROG.50

Saidov, Surikov, Muslim Insurrectionism and DrugTrafficking

The most conspicuous clue to Dunlop's selectivity in his use ofthe Yasenev memo is his failure to identify "Mekhmet", the"certain Turk, in the past an advisor to the Islamicist premier ofTurkey, [Necmettin] Erbakan".5 1 Yasenev identifies Mekhmet,linking him not only to Erbakan but also to the CIA, to Saudiintelligence and to al-Qaeda:

In 2003 the Turkish citizen Mehmet, whose real name is RuslanSaidov, persuaded the President of the Chechen Republic, AhmedKadyrov, that he could be of use with Kadyrov's policy of"national reconciliation".

Saidov took part in organizing Kadyrov's visit to Saudi Arabia.There Kadyrov made an agreement with the head of Saudiintelligence, Prince Naif Ibn Abdel-Aziz, that the Arab militantsunder the Lieutenant Colonel Aziz ben Said ben Ali al-Hamdi(alias Abu al-Walid al-Hamadi), Prince Naif's subordinate, wouldbe removed from Chechnya by May 2004. The agreementstipulated that Kadyrov guaranteed safe passage to Abu al-Walid.Playing a double game and intending to set up both parties,Saidov (probably together with Abu al-Walid himself) gave thisinformation to the CIA. Apparently the CIA was concerned thathaving left Chechnya the Arab militants would resurface in Iraq

and join the terrorist group of the Jordanian Abu Musab al-Zarqawi that belongs to the al-Qaida network.

Trying to prevent this, and, besides, wanting to discreditKadyrov in the eyes of Prince Naif, the CIA gave Saidov an"assignment". On April 13 in the Nozhai-Yurt district ofChechnya, Russian troops killed Abu al-Walid (or alleged havingdone so). Saidov paid $300,000 to those who carried out thisoperation. Their bosses in Moscow received $500,000. Howmuch the CIA paid Saidov is unknown...

Yasenev describes Saidov as both a drug trafficker and an armstrafficker, involved with the supply of Russian arms to the Saudi-backed secessionists in Yemen. He adds that:

In the spring of 1995 Saidov began to cooperate with theorganized society, led by Vladimir Filin and Alexei Likhvintsev, inhandling [narcotics] traffic through the port of Novorossiysk.

Yasenev also describes Saidov as having good relations notonly with the CIA but also with Turkish Islamists and even withAyman al-Zawahiri, the man often described as both the"mastermind" behind 9/11 and the senior partner in al-Qaeda with

the younger bin Laden.52

In addition, Yasenev made it clearthat Saidov was not pro-Putin but aMuslim activist who waspassionately anti-Putin and, indeed,anti-Russian:

In September 2003, Saidovparticipated in the congress of theextremist organization Hizb ut-Tahrir al-Islami in Jordan. At thiscongress he announced that Hizb ut-Tahrir al-Islami was anorganization effectively acting in theunderground throughout Russia,Central Asia and the Crimea...[53]

On December 8, 2004, Saidovaddressed Muslim youth in Moscow.

In his words, "following Ukraine, the Orange Revolution iscoming to Russia". "Our liberals say that in 2008 the situation inMoscow will be like the one in Kiev. However, everything will bedifferent, and not in 2008 but earlier. Amirs and mudjahideenwill soon make the Kremlin shudder with horror." In 2005, "theywill throw into hell the servant of Satan", i.e., President Putin,who is allegedly "wanted by the International Tribunal at TheHague".

The same goal of Muslim liberation was attributed by Yasenevto the organiser of the meeting in France, Anton Surikov:

On December 13, 2004, in Adygeia, Surikov had a meeting witha group of Sufi believers and said this: "In the past we wereagainst a h l - a d - d a l a l a [those who have gone astray] with theirArab money. We used to say that one should not separate fromRussia. But now Russia is on the brink of collapse and chaos. Sowe'll be separating [from Russia] with all Muslims of theCaucasus. A new state will be created on our historical landsfrom Psou and the Black Sea to Laba and Kuban."

(The goal of splitting up Russia attributed here to Surikov isthat which, in an earlier [1994] text co-authored by Surikov, isattributed by Russian "radicals" to the United States:

Yasenev made it clear that Saidov was not pro-Putin

but a Muslim activist who waspassionately anti-Putin and,

indeed, anti-Russian.

Continued on page 78

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JUNE – JULY 2006 www.nexusmagazine.com NEXUS • 33

Radiant energy was used extensively in medicine around the beginning of the20th century with the advent of Finsen's filtered ultraviolet carbon arc lamp,for which Niels Finsen received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physiology orMedicine. Clinics popped up throughout Europe that treated rickets,

tuberculosis and a host of other diseases successfully by way of precisely timedexposures to outdoor sunlight and indoor broad-spectrum light produced by the electriccarbon arc lamp and, later, the narrow-spectrum mercury vapour UV light emitters.

Up until about 1935, carbon arc lamps and mercury vapour lamps were in wide usethroughout the medical community because of the unique ability of light to createchanges in the chemistry of the body fluids which stimulate the immune system, thusproducing a powerful pathogen-devitalising environment. The effects were not justtopical; the lamps created responses deep inside the body, far away from the points ofinitial illumination. Many diseases responded well to the treatments without thedangerous side effects of the poisonous, chemical-based drugs that were soon to followon the timeline of medical evolution. As medicine became organised as a result of thepowers of the emerging pharmaceutical industry with its new sulphur-based drugs, theuse of illuminative radiant energy in the treatment of disease quickly disappeared fromthe medical scene.

The energy technology of radiant light illumination was far more effective than thechemical drugs but not as profitable, hence a c t i n o t h e r a p y, as it was called, rapidly fellout of use. With the advent of medical licensing and the subsequent threat of de-certification, physicians who continued to use the proven technology risked losingtheir licence to practise medicine, hence the reason why full-spectrum light treatmentsare not widely used today and why few practitioners have ever heard of thisremarkable healing technology. Doctors of today are clueless about this technology; iftold of it, they would likely baulk at it and dismiss it as quackery. Nothing, however,could be further from the truth. This technology is an important relic of medicalhistory, and these doctors would be awestruck to learn of the extensive healing potencyit provided. Yet, by the ordained decree of medical politics, this energy technologyremains a taboo in the profession and thus beyond reach.

The public has been conditioned to believe that somehow energies from the Sun orits approximates is somehow dangerous and that such exposures should be limited oravoided altogether. However, this fear of nature is a recent occurrence which parallelsthe expansion of information technologies and mass advertising. Protective clothing,lotions and eyewear of uncountable varieties have all been the result of cleveradvertising for the purpose of making money for the manufacturers, not to mention forthe relatively new class of doctors who specialise specifically in dermatology. If thetruth be known that sunlight is good for us and lack of it is harmful, sales would not benearly as brisk as they now are and many practitioners would be forced to learn a newmedical speciality.

When the baby-boomer generation was growing up, we never heard of such apreposterous assumption that sunlight was bad for us and we ran around half nakedand without sun-blocking our skin with oils—which, at that time, had no light-filteringcapabilities. Can you recall anyone you knew developing skin cancer? Or any cancerfor that matter? It's true that the incidence of skin cancer, as well as other forms ofcancer, has been on a marked increase over the last half-century, but to blame it on theSun is ridiculous.

A century-oldtechnology and

health treatment,utilising

high-energy, full-spectrum

vibratory light, isbeing employed to

destroy nastyparasites including

tapeworms.

by Carmi B. Hazen © 2006

Website: http://www.kootiekiller.us

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Mankind would never have made it this far if the Sun wereharmful. The theory about the ozone layer, with its supposedincrease in UV transmissions, has not yet been provensatisfactorily. People lived outdoors for thousands of years insunlight without the aid of sunglasses, and there is no evidencein written history of mass blindness or outbreaks of skin canceras a result. Animals don't run around wearing sunglasses andtheir vision appears to be just fine. Nor has it been adequatelydemonstrated that the Sun's rays are the true cause of skincancer. Many informed researchers believe that skin cancerresults from internal chemical pollution that is exacerbated byexposure to the UV rays, the energybeing a catalyst in a chemicalr e a c t i o n .

This is yet another area in whichmedical science pontificates withoutconducting its favourite double-blind studies. Incidentally, thesestudies cannot be "blind", asresearchers and participants caneasily tel l in most cases if themethods being tried have any effectsduring the course of the study.Often the published observations arecontrary to the results of the studiesbecause some vested interest fundedthem. No study so far has everproved God to be wrong. Man, onthe other hand...

Melanomas occur more often inindoor workers than outdoorworkers, and the lesions oftenappear in areas never subjected tothe influences of light exposure.Vitamin D, which is made in theskin from egosterol , is vi tal inkeeping cancers at bay; people whodo not get enough light exposurehave a significantly greater amountof cancer than those who remainactive out of doors and produce thenecessary amounts of vitamin D as aresult.

Dr John N. Ott reports in hisclassic Health and Light (1976) thatmany cases of disease, includingcancers and tuberculosis (TB),rapidly cleared up when patientsstopped using sunglasses andexposed themselves to unfiltered sunlight several hours per day.European tuberculosis clinics in the Swiss Alps used sunsolariums extensively for the treatment of TB.

Dr Auguste Rollier, author of H e l i o t h e r a p y (1923) andamong the most famous practitioners of the time, pioneered theuse of sunlight in the treatment of numerous diseases, havingdeveloped measurable scientific methods that were quicklyadopted worldwide. The carbon arc lamp was chosen becauseits frequency spectrum is very close to that of natural sunlight;it could be used indoors regardless of weather conditions, andexposures could be gauged more accurately. Dr Rollier's clinicwas opened in 1903 in Leysin, Switzerland. The facilitiesbecame the American College of Switzerland in the early1 9 5 0 s .1

CLEARING PARASITES A major secret to health is to eliminate the abundance of

organisms that live in the digestive tract in about 95 per cent ofthe world's population, excreting poisonous toxins thatosmotically pass into the body fluids and thus contaminate theinternal environment, triggering the onset of disease of manyvarieties.

Intestinal cleansing forms of personal hygiene (removal ofthe parasites and accumulated impacted waste) are rarelypractised in the United States and slightly more so in Europe.Hollywood movie actors are an exception, as the majority of

them are devout practitioners ofcolonic irrigation to maintain theirphysical appearance and their desireto remain disease free.

There are other less-intrusivemethods to remove the parasites,such as the use of Homozon andvarious herbal concoctions, but fewcleansing methods adequately dealwith the tapeworm.

Homozon, developed by DrEugene Blass in 1898, is acompound which binds oxygen tomagnesium. It remains the best-known intestinal cleanser for theremoval of impacted waste materialfrom the linings of the largeintest ine. Nothing, other thanmechanical extraction, compares inits power when used for such apurpose.

It is intended for short-term useonly. Other oxygenating substancescan be used afterwards to maintainstasis of the colon.

Be sure that any internaloxygenating substances used are notchlorine based (as many are),because these deplete iodine whichis required for the normal functionof the thyroid gland.

Always follow up cleansing withprobiotics such as acidophilus/bifidus (as should also be donewhenever taking antibiotics).2

Death begins in the colon forreasons that should be obvious, yetvery few people properly address

this critical issue of personal hygiene, even though doing sowould likely reduce the illness rate of the entire population byperhaps 85 per cent or more.

Such knowledge, if discovered and practised by the averagecitizen, would have serious impact on the economic structure ofthe medical industry—which is why, should you ask a doctorfor advice on the concept of colon cleansing, the answer youwill get will be discouraging.

Doctors are trained to respond in this manner, as they weretold in medical school how to avoid questions that would placethe profession in a dim light, which is where it should be.

The last thing capitalistic medicine desires is to deliver truehealth; if it did, this would result in a tremendous loss ofcustomers.

Operational carbon arc lamp. (Source: E. H. Russell and W. K. Russell, Ultra-Violet Radiation

and Actinotherapy, E. & S. Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1925)

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Herbal intestinal cleanses of numerous varieties based uponknown purgatives are quite effective in eliminating mostparasites, but the mighty tapeworm often escapes totaldestruction from almost any form of herbal or chemical assaultupon it.

However, the tapeworm cannot survive mechanical fracturewhen exposed to the high energy levels of full-spectrumvibratory light. The energy impinged at close proximity to theloci of the electric carbon arc is so great that the animal simplybreaks apart throughout the entire length of its body within 30seconds of such intense light exposure.

THE CARBON ARC LAMP The energy band of the carbon arc electric lamp ranges from

the heat-producing invisible infrared end of the light spectrumthrough the invisible ultraviolet, to wavelengths as short as 180nanometres, which remain below the spectral band of thedangerous energy emitted by X-rays. Thus the radiationexposures from the electric carbon arc lamp are not ionising asare X-rays and thus constitute no danger to the user, other thanperhaps erythmas (skin burns) produced by overexposure to theintense energy-laden light or conjunctivitis if one gazes into itsalluring flame.

A simple and inexpensive electric carbon arc treatment lampcan be constructed for under US$20. When used with properprecautions, it is safe and extremely effective. Carbon rods canbe obtained by sawing in half D-sized battery cells; or, betterstill, longer copper-clad rods can be purchased from anywelding supply store.

Carbon-arc-cutting carbons are popular with hobby welderswho cannot afford the more expensive plasma cutters orhydraulic shears.

All that is required to create an arc illumination set-up is apair of bricks with ventilation holes, a 12-gauge, 10- to 15-foot,heavy-duty extension cord, large alligator clips, and a resistiveload such as an electric space heater, steam iron, hot plate,deep-fryer or electric skillet and, of course, a pair of carbonrods.

A ground fault interrupter (GFI) is highly recommended,though, as the exposed carbons represent a shock hazard ifaccidentally touched.

A s s e m b l yTake a single-sided razor blade and

pinch it off on a corner of the razor bladewith a haemostat (or vice grip) so that thecutting edge extends below the jaws at adepth slightly less than the thickness ofthe insulation jacket. At a point about onefoot from the socket end of the cord, slitthe jacket for a length of about three feetand separate the wires from the jacket bycutting off the slit insulation material. Atthe mid-point of the white wire (or blue ifEuropean colour-coding is used), cut andstrip the ends by half an inch to one inchand attach (preferably solder) the wires toeach alligator clip.

The appliance which is to be used as theballast load may or may not contain thethird grounding pin. Such a device isdesirable, as it offers a little more safety toan otherwise dangerous configuration, but

is not a necessity. Ungrounded appliances may be used for theballast load.

Plug the appliance into the socket of the modified extensioncord and operate its controls to maximum normal operation.

Because of the extreme danger of potentially fatal electricshocks as well as fire hazards, the physical location chosen forthe treatment should be carefully considered. The carbon rodswill spatter slightly during operation, and the small, hot, sparkparticles can easily start a fire or drop onto the surface below,

Items required: • One 10- to 15-foot, 12-gauge extension cord with orwithout the third green grounding wire or three-pin plugand socket. Ungrounded two-wire cords may be used.• Two alligator clips, medium sized so that the jaws willclamp around the carbon rods (e.g., Radio Shack #270-0344 at US$2.59 a pair).• One electrical heating appliance such as an electricspace heater, steam iron, skillet, deep-fryer, waffle iron,etc. This will become the series-connected ballast loadthat will limit the current draw from the short circuit loadthat will occur when the arc is started or struck and willregulate current flow when illuminating.• Two bricks with ventilation holes.• Two carbon rods, as can be found at any welding supplystore. A pair of D-sized batteries can be cut lengthwiseand the carbon removed, but this is messy and hardlyworth the effort.

Tools required: • Insulated handle screwdriver• Wire stripper• Haemostat (vice grip)• Single-edge razor blade• Insulating carpet, newspapers, auto floor mats, etc.• Table surface (for which heat discolouration and hotspatter damage is not an issue)• Tennis shoes• Rubber gloves• Soldering gun/iron with radio solder (optional)• Large 'C' clamp or furniture clamp

"We tracked your petrol consumption problem.There was a seven-metre-long tapeworm in your fuel injector."

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either burning it or discolouring it, so I would recommendsetting up the rig in a basement or garage. Be sure that smokedetectors are not in the vicinity of your activity, as the smokefrom the carbon fire may set them off with potentially direconsequences, especially if you do this in a commercialbuilding with an automatic fire suppression system.

The concrete floor often found in these locations is dangerousbecause, whether or not it is dry, it offers an electrical groundreturn that can contribute greatly to the risk of electric shock;so it is imperative that the electrical supply circuit contain aGFI as is presently required under the US National ElectricalCode. Older homes, however, arenot under such a requirement untilthey are sold, in which case theseller is often required to bringhouse wiring up to current codelevels prior to the sale of the home.Make sure that the outlet you selectis so protected. It's also a goodidea to have a companion presentto assist you in the event of ana c c i d e n t .

Configuration and TreatmentProcess

Place the set-up on an insulatedtable so that the area below the navelwill receive most of the irradiation exposure. Place a dampcloth or some object that will not be harmed by the flame orspatter from the carbon rods under the two bricks.

The bricks should face each other. Insert the carbon rodsthrough the holes in the bricks and align the carbons so that theends touch each other.

A large 'C' clamp or furniture clamp placed on the bricksurface opposite the tips of the arc rods will allow you to adjustthe space between the electrodes in order to maintain the flameas the carbons burn away. Clamp the alligator-clipped leadsonto the ends of the carbon rods as far away as possible fromthe point where they come together, and then separate the rodsto about 1/16th inch from each other.

Except for wearing tennis shoes and rubber gloves, standnaked on an insulating surface—such as several layers of oldcarpet, newspapers or the floor mats out of your car—so thatyou are protected from the floor. Make sure that any insulatingmaterial you select is completely dry; any moisture, whetherobvious or not, constitutes a shock hazard.

Be sure that the power switch of the ballast appliance is on; ifit has a rotary control, it should be set at maximum setting.Again, be sure to wear rubber gloves on your hands for addedsafety. Insert the power plug into a service outlet that is GFIprotected.

Using an insulated screwdriver,draw the business end of thescrewdriver across the gap betweenthe rods so as to strike the arc. It isunnecessary to wear eye protectionof any kind as the ultraviolet rays,contrary to popular bel ief , arebeneficial to the eyes, although youdo not want to look directly at theflame. Prolonged exposure willresult in non-harmful butuncomfortable conjunctivitis whichwill disappear within a few dayswith no permanent harm to themechanism of the eyes. Theharmful rays of the shorter,

ultraviolet rays are absorbed within the eye so that the rods andcones are not damaged by such exposures.

Place your belly within four to six inches of the locus of theflame, and slowly rotate and squat slightly so that the entireabdomen is evenly exposed to the light. Stop the exposure afterabout 30 seconds or so by moving away from the flame andthen unplugging the power plug from the service outlet.Without periodic adjustment of the spacing between the carbonrods, the arc will remain lit for a period of about 45 seconds orso, which is adequate for a single exposure.

Depending upon your particular bowel transfer time, resultscan be felt as a very dull discomfort that may tend to move inyour abdomen. Within six to twelve hours, the body of the

worm(s) will pass in the form ofdiarrhoea. The waste is often blue orgreen, which is excess bile being dumpedby the liver and gall bladder. This is notthe colour of the worm but the colour ofyour bile that didn't have time to processthe waste which normally would changecolour during the elimination process,which then is reddish-brown in colour.Future stool discharges may appear a lighttan to almost white for a few days. Don'tpanic, as the bile creation will resume andthe stool will again become its normalcolour.

Should any gallstones have beenpresent, it is probable that theydisintegrated during the treatment andwere painlessly passed without yourknowledge. The use of an alternative liverand gall bladder cleanse method would bedesirable at the time of exposure to ensurebetter and more complete elimination ofthese potentially problematic entities.3

By exposing oneself to thevibratory illuminative energy of

the carbon arc lamp, manydisease pathogens may bedestroyed without harming

adjacent healthy tissues.

Promotional postcard from a doctor in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, circa 1927, featuring a patient in traction being treated with light.

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Bile is made from spent red blood cells (bilirubin) in the liverand is stored in the gall bladder. Its purpose is to mix with thewaste products of metabolism, providing a protein source fordecomposition of the excretory material. It is the bile that givesfaeces its reddish-brown colour. When stored in the gallbladder, its colour is a yellow-greenish to almost a blue colour.It is highly alkaline and contains a lot of cholesterol. Wheninadequately secreted, bile is responsible for the formation ofgallstones. Persons who are anaemic should not attempt to usethe carbon arc on themselves because a significant amount ofbile is discharged after an exposure to the powerful rays. I donot know for sure that this may be a problem, but it is better toerr on the side of safety.

Rapid expulsion of bile potentially may create additionaldemand on the body to produce greater quantities of red bloodcells which, in the case of someone with anaemia, may not bepossible. If you don't know if you are anaemic, donate bloodand you will find out for free!

Because the worm(s) may have laid eggs, new life may formafter the adult worm has been eliminated. Simply repeat theprocess about once per week for at least a month so that themajority of parasites receive exposure at some point in theirlife-cycle, which tends to be about 28 days or so. Avoid eatingpork products, as they tend to be highly infested with a range ofparasites. High-temperature cooking tends not to destroy theseorganisms when in their spore form.

Always examine your stool carefully. If you see any foreignmatter such as what appears to be small chunks of undigestedpeanuts or dry shards of what appears to be onion skin, youhave parasites. Rectal itch indicates pin worms. Watch forblack patches, as these possibly indicate bleeding in the

intestinal linings which may be indicative of cancer. Red bloodin the stool can be detected with "at-home" Hemocult cancertests that involve placing special papers in the toilet andwatching for colour changes which indicate blood beingpresent. Obvious red blood is not necessarily serious, althoughit is a good idea to have this checked out. Black patches shouldbe of grave concern, and should be examined immediately by adoctor. However, if the intestines are properly maintainedthrough periodic cleansing, these deadly cancers will seldomdevelop. Men and women alike are affected by this condition,and age has little to do with it.

UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF DISEASED CELLS Diseased cells differ from healthy ones in that they always

form crystals in their outer coatings. These crystals, beingsolids, all have a unique resonant frequency which, whenexcited by an in-phase coordinating oscillation, tend to shakeviolently—which will often result in envelope fracture and,subsequently, break-up.

Because the carbon arc is so powerful and contains the entire49th octave of energy, there is likely to be an harmonic of somefrequency that will resonate with the solid crystal formationswithin diseased cells of many varieties. So it is conceivablethat by exposing oneself to the vibratory illuminative energy ofthe carbon arc lamp, many disease pathogens may be destroyedwithout harming adjacent healthy tissues (which are soft andpliable, having no solid crystal formations of their own). Thisaction would resemble the Lakhovsky effect, although thefrequency band is obviously different, the energy being in thelight spectrum rather than being an harmonic of some radiof r e q u e n c y .4 ∞

Author's Notes:• The author makes no claims eitherexpressed or implied that theinformation as presented is accurate orcomplete and does not warrant thef itness of the information for anypurpose. The in formation is notintended to be medical advice; nor isany treatment method recommended ordiscouraged. This writ ing is forinformational purposes only. Readersare advised to seek qual ifiedprofessional help from authorisedpractitioners prior to any use of theinformation contained herein. • The author welcomes feedback frompeople about the experiences they arehaving with this amazing technologyfrom yesteryear, ef fects on cancertumours being of special interest .Reported experiences wil l beincorporated in future releases of thisdocument. Comments can be emailedto the author v ia the websitehttp://www.kootiekiller.us.

About the Author:Carmi B. Hazen is an amateur medicalresearcher and investigative journalist withan interest in energy medicine. For the lastfive years or so he has been collecting

medical books dating from the late 1800sthrough to the mid-1930s. At that time,pharmaceuticals were far less prolific thanthey are today, and energy treatmentmethods were well established and incommon use in many medical offices.

Carmi has a museum of sorts, containingnumerous electrical and light apparatusthat were commonly found in medicaloffices, mostly in the London, England,area. Much of his research has been inrecreating the Rife machine energytechnology. He has found a way to curethe common cold with a form of chargedoxygen gas therapy; it devitalises or killssome viruses in vivo. He discovered thecarbon arc method of intestinal parasiteelimination by his own experimentation.

Carmi Hazen is the author of an e-booktitled What They Didn't Teach Your DoctorIn Medical School and re-published aclassic medical book from 1913 titledCancer: Its Cause And Treatment WithoutO p e r a t i o n by Robert Bell, MD; seehttp://www.lulu.com/comdyne.

He can be contacted via his website,http://www.kootiekiller.us.

Endnotes1. See http://www.soilandhealth.org/02/0201hyglibcat/020155fielder/fielder-sunbath.htm.2. See http://www.healthsprings.net/Products/homozon.htm.

3. See http://curezone.com/cleanse/liver/default.asp.4. To learn more about the Lakhovsky effect,go to: http://www.altered-states.net/barry/newsletter174/, orhttp://www.zephyrtechnology.com/Multi-Wave_Oscillator_/body_multi-wave_oscillator_.html.

Suggested Reading• Babbitt, Edwin D., The Principles of Lightand Color, 1878, re-published by Citadel

Press, NJ, 1980 (ISBN 0-8065-0748-9)

• Campbell Douglas, William, Into theLight, Second Opinion Publishing, Atlanta,

GA, 1997 (ISBN 0-9626646-5-0)

• Hobday, Richard, The Healing Sun,

Findhorn Press, 1999

• Holick, Michael F., PhD, MD, The UVAdvantage, ibooks (www.ibooks.net), 2003

• Klotsche, Charles, Color Medicine, Light

Technology Publishing, Sedona, AZ, 1993

(ISBN 0-929385-27-6)

• Krusen, MD, Light Therapy, Harper &

Brothers, NY, 1937

• Ott, John N., Health and Light, The

Devin-Adair Company Inc., Old

Greenwich, CT, 1976 (ISBN 0-89804-

098-1)

• Rollier, Auguste, Heliotherapy, Oxford

Medical Publications, London, 1923

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1. Introduction

What is your opinion about the Big Bang (BB) theory? Maybe you havecome across speculations that our universe was spun off from a "motheruniverse" or that it was created in an extremely huge quantum fluctuation.The problem with this, as with any other idea trying to explain the

creation of the universe, is that we never will be able to confirm it; the creation scenariowill always remain nebulous.

Before the Big Bang idea gained popularity in the middle of the 20th century, mostpeople believed that the world exists eternally. In fact, an eternally existing universewas championed by Parmenides some 2,500 years ago. He argued that either theuniverse exists or it doesn't exist. If it exists, it obviously cannot have been createdfrom something that does not exist, because non-existence means nothingness.Therefore, the universe must always have existed. This line of reasoning makes perfectsense, but the mind reels when confronted with the idea of eternal existence.

However, there is a new cosmological model, the Scale-Expanding Cosmos (SEC)theory, which allows perpetual existence. This new model is mathematically simple, isinternally self-consistent, and offers many advantages over the BB theory, for example:

• The SEC theory is a comprehensive theory developed from first principles.• The SEC theory better agrees with actual astronomical observations than does the

BB model.• The SEC theory is internally self-consistent. It addresses a range of existing

problems that previously appeared to be unrelated. • The SEC theory explains what makes time progress.• The SEC theory provides the missing link between general relativity (GR) theory

and quantum mechanics (QM) theory and explains why there is a quantum world. This new theory implies a very different, yet simpler, world view. It involves new

ideas, but is supported by observational data and conceptual clarity. The SEC theory iselegant compared to the BB patchwork.

This paper presents the philosophical and conceptual aspects of the SEC theory aswell as some of its implications. The reader interested in the mathematical aspects orthe observational details may consult my article in Physics Essays (Masreliez, 2006b)and my papers listed in the references.

2. How we got on the wrong track The Big Bang theory was developed in an attempt to marry astronomical observations

to the belief that there must have been a creation event. I will assume that the reader isfamiliar with the main justification for the Big Bang idea, which is the cosmologicalredshift. The frequency of light from galaxies is reduced; it is "redshifted" inproportion to their distances from us, which has been interpreted as a Doppler-typeeffect caused by their motion away from us. With this assumption, the Big Bang ideawas born. If galaxies are moving away from each other, they must have been closertogether in the past. Extrapolating this farther backward in time, we end up in aninfinitely dense state—the Big Bang creation event.

This model of the universe also gained support from the fact that a spatiallyexpanding universe may be modelled by GR, which gave the model physical credibility.Two additional observations seemingly support the Big Bang: the light elementabundances and the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation.

This theory ofcosmological scale

expansion mayprovide the missing

link betweengeneral relativity

and quantummechanics and is inbetter agreementwith astronomical

observations than isthe Big Bang theory.

by C. Johan Masreliez, PhD © 2006

Email: [email protected]

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Advocates for the Big Bang scenario estimated theproportions of light elements like hydrogen, helium and lithiumthat could have been created in the BB event and found that theyseemed to agree with what actually is observed in our presentuniverse. Regarding the CMB, which was thought to beremaining radiation from the BB, they estimated the temperatureto be about 50 degrees Kelvin.

Later, when additional observations revised the light elementabundance estimates, the BB supporters repeatedly adjustedtheir assumptions about the BB to agree with the newobservations. Also, when the CMB temperature was found to beabout three degrees Kelvin instead of 50 degrees, the Big Bangscenario was adjusted to accommodate this new finding.

This set the stage for a development that still continues:whenever observations disagree with some particular predictionof the BB model, the model is adjusted to patch up thedisagreement.

What cannot easily be accommodated isoften blamed on "evolution", with theexplanation that the observations from thefaraway earlier universe do not agree withthe BB model simply because the universewas different in the past.

It is not unusual that a patch that resolvesone particular problem with the BB undoesanother patch solving a different problem.Of course, this is not science; but, sincenobody can ever know anything about theconditions during the Big Bang, it is alwayspossible to explain away discrepanciesby adjusting the model or by invokingevolution.

A different model gained its ownfollowers, mainly in England: the so-called Steady State (SS) theory. TheSteady State supporters accepted theexpanding space idea but proposed thatnew matter continually is being createdto fill up expanding voids betweengalaxies.

In this way, the universe could keepexpanding forever without the BB. Inthe 1950s, the debate ran hot betweenthese two camps, but the BB eventually won out because of theCMB.

The CMB is believed to be the afterglow of the BB event andshould therefore have certain characteristics. In particular, itshould have a Planck black-body spectrum. But this spectrum isvery difficult to explain in the steady-state, expanding spacescenario.

When measurements eventually showed that the CMBspectrum actually is very close to the black-body spectrum, thesteady state theory lost ground and the BB theory became theaccepted paradigm for the universe. This happened 40 to 50years ago.

However, the more we learn about the cosmos from newobservations, the clearer it has become that the BB modelsimply does not agree with observations. Science is nowconfronted with a very serious problem: thousands of papersover the years have been written on the BB model and hundredsof PhDs have been awarded for investigating particular aspectsof this model. However, an open let ter to the sciencecommunity challenging the Big Bang was published in N e w

S c i e n t i s t in May 2004, signed by 33 well-known researchers.This letter now has over 150 signatories.

3. The Scale Expanding Cosmos (SEC) theoryThe main reason why challenges to the BB have failed is that,

since the demise of the Steady State theory, no competing theoryhas been available. Even if you sense that the BB must bewrong, it is difficult to challenge it if you cannot suggest a bettermodel. However, this has now changed; a better model nowexists. This new model resolves many cosmological puzzles andis so simple and elegant that you might wonder why nobody hasthought of it before. Here it is in just a few words...

The universe expands by changing the scale of both space andt i m e .

When the length of a metre (or foot) expands, the pace of timeslows down, making time intervals like the second longer in

proportion. This new model explains allcosmological observations including theCMB without resorting to speculation orevolution. In the SEC, the CMB is simplythermalised radiation including starlight,which over aeons has assumed a black-bodyspectrum by redshifting. Four-dimensionalscale expansion, which preserves the black-body spectrum, makes this possible(Masreliez, 2004a).

The light element abundances may beexplained as resulting from active galaxynuclei and quasars, which often are seen

ejecting gas in jets (Masreliez, 2004b).Furthermore, the SEC theory tells uswhat is causing the progression of timeand provides the missing connectionbetween GR and QM (Masreliez, 2005a);and it turns out that black holes cannotform (Masreliez, 2004c).

As Einstein showed us, it is often thehidden presumptions that cause us tomisunderstand the true nature of theworld. He showed that the pace of timemight differ between objects in motionand objects at rest and that agravitational field also might influence

the pace of time. Thus, he challenged the presumption that thepace of time always is the same everywhere.

The SEC theory goes one step further by proposing that t h epace of time also might change with time. When space expands,the pace of time slows down.

One reason why Einstein might have overlooked thispossibility is that his general relativity theory does not have anyprovision for modelling a decreasing (proper) pace of time; itassumes that the pace of time for an object at rest alwaysremains the same.

4. How the SEC theory explains the universe Let's consider the following thought experiment. Imagine that

you are the Creator, facing the task of creating something, forexample an apple, from nothingness. What size should youmake this primordial apple? It occurs to you that since there isno reference, you could actually make it any size, like a pea, abasketball or even like the Earth, provided you create all atomsin the apple to scale. And since atoms oscillate, you would alsohave to adjust the pace of time to match.

This reasoningsuggests that the

cosmological scaleof space and time

might be changing,which is the essence

of the SEC theory.

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With this primordial apple as a start, you can then create therest of the world in proportion. If this isn't true, there must besomething in "nothingness" that determines the scale of things,which contradicts the concept of nothingness.

We conclude that physically equivalent universes might existat different scales and that no particular cosmological scale ispreferred; the cosmos is "scale-equivalent". This reasoningsuggests that the cosmological scale of space and time might bechanging, which is the essence of the SEC theory.

A scale-expanding cosmos has no beginning or end; the scalemay continually keep expanding forever. Thus, there is no BBevent to consider, so eliminating the most troublesome aspect ofthe BB theory. An observer in the SEC, like you or I, expandstogether with the universe and will not notice the expansionlocally, since everything else in our environment, includingmaterial objects, expands at the same pace.

Although we cannot notice theexpansion locally, its effects can beseen in the redshift of light fromfaraway galaxies. However, thisredshift is not due to recession. If wewere able to extend a very (very!)long measuring tape between twogalaxies, we would find that theyremained in the same relativeposit ions since the tape expandstogether with everything else. And ifwe timed a light beam between thegalaxies, we would find the sameconstant time interval since the paceof time slows down when spaceexpands.

Thus, relative positions of galaxies remain the same. Youmight say that the universe expands without expanding! Thecosmological explanation is in s c a l e, which does not changerelationships between the three spatial metrics and the temporalmetric. The cosmological redshift therefore is an expandingspace-time effect.

Furthermore, since universes of different scales are physicallyequivalent, the scale expansion may progress withoutcosmological ageing. You may object to this because it seemsto violate thermodynamics by suggestingthat the universe is a perpetual motion"machine". However, this conundrum isresolved by the previously unanticipatedslowing progression of time, which has theeffect of inducing cosmological energy.

Although the idea of cosmological scaleexpansion seems natural to most peoplewithout scientific training, people inscience might have a hard time with thissimple idea because physically equivalentcosmological scale expansion cannot bemodelled by GR. Since general relativityand quantum mechanics are the two centralpillars of modern physics, it is unthinkablefor people in academia to consideranything that might violate GR.

But, scale expansion is such a simpleand natural idea that it seems wrong toabandon it simply because it cannot bemodelled by GR. Quoting Carl Saganfrom his book C o s m o s:

We must understand that the cosmos is what it is and notconfuse how it is with what we wish it to be. The obvious issometimes false; the unexpected sometimes true.

5. The SEC theory implies new physicsLet's try to model scale expansion. We have to come up with

a way to model how time expands relative to time. We mighttry to use differential methods and form the derivative of timewith respect to time, which is d t/d t. Since d t/d t always equalsone, we conclude that time always progresses at the same pacerelative to itself. This doesn't help. However, if instead of timewe use the cosmological scale as an additional parameter, wecould model a scale that increases with time in GR. However,we will then get a cosmological model that changes with time,and lose the fundamental feature of cosmological scale-equivalence. This model would lead to a BB-type scenario.

This problem occupied my mind forabout two years. I found that thisalso had been an insurmountableobstacle for other investigators, whoin the past followed the same trail ofthoughts. Finally I concluded thatGR must be i n c o m p l e t e since itcannot model scale-equivalentcosmological expansion. At first thiswas a disappointment, but I thoughtthat scale expansion was such asimple and pure idea and that i tshould be possible, even if it couldn'tbe modelled by GR. After havingfurther investigated the properties of

the SEC and finding that it accurately models the world as wesee it, I gradually became convinced that GR should begeneralised to make possible d i s c r e t e scale adjustments. I foundthat if the cosmological scale were to change in small and rapidincrements, the SEC could be modelled by GR! GR is "blind" todiscrete, stepwise scale changes; Einstein's equations remainunaffected. If the cosmological expansion were to occur indiscrete scale increments, thus being treated as a "fifthdimension" beyond the four space-time dimensions, GR couldstill be used.

A scale-expanding cosmos has no beginning or end; the scale may continually keep expanding forever.

Thus, there is no Big Bangevent to consider.

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If we accept this solution to our modelling problem, we willalso gain two very important advantages. First, the progressionof time is explained; the incrementally increasing scale makestime progress, which also explains why it has been impossible tomodel the progression of time in GR. The second advantage isthat a discretely expanding scale would provide a direct linkbetween general relativity and quantum mechanics (see alsosection 10).

6. Cosmic DragOne immediate consequence of the Scale Expanding Cosmos

model is that relative velocities of freely moving "particles" (Itake a particle to mean any object with positive rest mass) willslow down with time. Relative velocities much lower than thespeed of light will diminish exponentially with time, with a timeconstant that equals the Hubble time. The Hubble time is theage of the universe in the BB model, which is about 14 billionyears. This means that relative velocities between galaxies tendto be quite small because of cosmic drag. They may beestimated from observations and typically are less than one percent of the speed of light. This hasbeen difficult to explain in the BBpicture where numericalsimulations indicate that relativevelocities ought to be a lot higherthan what is observed. On theother hand, particles initiallymoving at the speed of light—forexample, photons—will continue tomove at the speed of light. This isperhaps strange, but it followsdirectly from GR (Masreliez,2 0 0 4 a ) .

Cosmic drag will also slow downrelative rotating motion, causingangular momenta to decreaseexponentially with time. As aconsequence, stars in motion in a spiral galaxy will follow spiraltrajectories on their inward paths and gravitational attractionbetween them will form the beautiful spiral arms we observe.Thus, the SEC theory would also explain the formation of spiralgalaxies, which has been a previously unresolved problem(Masreliez, 2004b).

Furthermore, cosmic drag should influence the planetarymotions in our solar system, causing the planets to approach theSun slowly in spiral orbits. The Earth would approach the Sunby about 20 metres per year and the angular velocity wouldaccelerate. This effect is extremely small and therefore has goneunnoticed until very recently. We haven't detected thisspiralling motion earlier because the concept of time inastronomy was in the past determined by the rotation of theEarth and by the motion of the Earth around the Sun.Obviously, if one defines the length of the year as the time ittakes for the Earth to circumnavigate the Sun, any possibleacceleration of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun will beundetectable because of the way we have defined time.

This made it impossible to detect the spiralling motions beforethe introduction of atomic time in 1955, but now, afterobservations have been made for 50 years with access to atomictime, discrepancies are starting to appear, showing that currentlywe have a mysterious, unresolved problem in astronomy. Thisis a very interesting "breaking news" situation, which soon mayconfirm the SEC theory.

This new development might ignite a "new Copernicanrevolution" that will change our world-view for ever.

7. Estimating the planetary orbitsNobody knows when the first human raised her eyes to the

heavens and noticed that not all stars were stationary but that afew of them seemed to wander. Although the significance ofthese wandering stars was unknown, they were recognised asbeing special, and people started to map and predict theirmotions.

Today the planetary orbits are still of central importance to theNASA space program. Predicting the planetary orbits, or theplanetary ephemerides as they now are called, is one of theresponsibilities of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), which isa division of NASA.

Traditionally the planetary orbits were estimated with the helpof Newton's laws of motion and his law of gravitation, by whichthe planetary orbits are elliptical. Thus, planetary orbits were inthe past fitted to elliptical orbits based on optical observations,which determined the orbital parameters. In this process of

fitting the orbital parameters, thetime-base was also estimated andadjusted for best fit to theobservations. This was a verydifficult and time-consuming task,which later was simplified by theuse of digital computers.

By the middle of the 20thcentury, the procedure and methodof computing the planetaryephemerides were well understood,and advanced computer programswere developed that allowed us totake into account gravitationalinfluences between the planets aswell as the larger asteroids.

The time-base was still estimatedtogether with the planetary motions.

In the middle of the 20th century, a new time standard enteredthe scene. This was atomic time, based on sub-microscopicoscillation. This new time standard was adopted by astronomyin 1955; hence, all observations since then have been tied toatomic time.

After the adoption of atomic time, it was suggested that theephemerides should be based on atomic time rather than on anestimate from planetary motions. However, this proposal wasrejected by JPL (Standish, 1998). In the 1970s it becamepossible to refine the orbits further by making use of radarranging measurements between the planets, which are at leastone order of magnitude more accurate than the optical data.

Today, the ephemerides are primarily based on radar rangingdata between the Earth and the other three inner planets. Opticalobservations are only used for the outer planets.

JPL rejects the optical data for the inner planets because notonly are the optical observations less accurate, but they alsoshow a consistent bias—a bias that repeatedly has beenconfirmed by several independent investigators.

Since the ranging data are superior to optical data, JPL hasignored this discordance, suspecting that the opticaldiscrepancies are due to some kind of systematic error, butnobody knows what might be causing it. Also, when fitting theranging data, earlier measurements from the beginning of theranging program do not seem to fit.

This new development mightignite a "new Copernican

revolution" that will change our world-view for ever.

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8. Explaining the planetary discrepanciesIn order to understand what may be going on, we have to

recall a fundamental aspect of GR. General relativity theory describes the world using

coordinates for space and time that may be selected more or lessfreely. We might think of a specific coordinate selection as aparticular pair of glasses that lets you view the situation in acertain way, but GR does not tell us which choice of glasses isthe "right" one.

In the SEC theory, space is flat but space-time is curved dueto the accelerating scale expansion. This causes thecosmological redshift and cosmic drag. But, to every curvedspace-time there always corresponds a locally flat space-time,just like a planar surface locally approximates a curved surface.Thus, there exists a locally flat coordinate representation evenhere in our solar system. In this coordinate system, theplanetary orbits are determined byNewton's laws; the orbits are "Newtonian"(with relativistic corrections).

If there is cosmological curvature aspredicted by the SEC theory, thecosmological time-base—which I willassume is proportional to atomic time andis incorporated in barycentric dynamicaltime (TDB)—will differ from theephemeris time-base determined from theorbits, which JPL calls "Tep h" .

However, fitting the range measurementsto Newtonian orbits could lead to thewrong conclusion. By fitting the measureddistances to essentially Newtonianorbits, the computer program mightautomatically select the locally flatcoordinates for which Newton's lawsa p p l y .

This will of course create excellentagreement with the rangingmeasurements, which JPL apparentlythinks confirms the validity of itsapproach. But this is circularreasoning, since the coordinates forwhich the orbits become Newtonianmay differ from the cosmologicalcoordinates. In particular, the T e p h

time-base may not be proportional toatomic time.

If the SEC theory is right, Te p h accelerates relative to atomict i m e .

In the construction of the ephemerides, JPL fits atomic time asclosely as possible to Te p h in the belief that Te p h is identical toatomic time except for a scale factor. By this procedure, themaximum difference between Te p h and atomic time predicted bythe SEC theory could be reduced to merely 0.10–0.15 secondsduring a 30-year observation interval. This corresponds to a fewkilometres' ranging error, which currently also is the estimatedaccuracy of the JPL ephemerides.

However, as already mentioned, earlier ranging observationstaken in the beginning of the ranging program no longer agreewith the updated ephemerides and therefore, like the opticalobservations, are considered inaccurate. It is possible that boththis earlier ranging data and the optical data would fit theephemerides if the SEC model were adopted. We might be onthe verge of a discovery of historical significance!

9. The question of a cosmological reference frame After this hopefully intriguing detour, let us return to

highlighting a few additional properties of the SEC theory. Theexistence of cosmic drag would invalidate Newton's first law ofmotion and cause a major revision of science, which partly mayexplain the total silence with which the SEC theory has beenmet. But, on the flip side, it would resolve a festering problemsince the days of Newton: the question of a cosmologicalreference frame.

In his famous spinning bucket experiment, Isaac Newtonobserved that the surface of the water in a spinning bucketbecomes concave and he concluded that the bucket somehow"senses" that it is spinning. But, spinning relative to what? It isnot the Earth because the planets are subjected to the same forcein their motion around the Sun, and it is not the Sun since starsin a galaxy are subjected to the same force.

Newton concluded that a frame ofabsolute universal rest must exist, and thisbecame the subject of a celebrated debatebetween Clark, who spoke for Newton'sposition, and Leibniz, who contended thatall motion is relative.

From the time of Newton until Einstein'sspecial relativity theory appeared in 1905,people were convinced that there was acosmological reference frame defined bythe "aether", which was believed to be someundefined kind of "plenum" in absolute restcarrying light and the electromagnetic field.Einstein did away with the aether, but only

for a relatively short time—the 11years between 1905 and 1916.

After introducing GR in 1916, hegradually changed his position. By theend of his life, Einstein was convincedthat space-time was a new form ofaether that somehow served as areference frame for inertia.

Cosmic drag would resolve thisproblem by defining the cosmologicalreference frame as the frame towardwhich all motion converges. Thus, inthe SEC, the cosmological referenceframe is self-induced by bootstrappingcaused by diminishing relative

velocities and rotations. This should be good news, sincephysics desperately needs a cosmological reference frame toexplain the phenomenon of inertia (Masreliez, 2006a) and ofnon-local influences of the quantum world. It also wouldexplain the CMB dipole, which indicates that the solar system isin motion relative to the very distant universe at about 350km/sec.

10. The SEC explains the quantum worldOne of the most embarrassing problems of contemporary

science is that there seemingly is no connection between its twodominant theories: general relativity and quantum mechanics.These theories successfully model different aspects of the world,but they are starkly different in both philosophical approach andscope. GR applies to gravitation and cosmology, while QMdeals with the sub-microscopic world. Although these twotheories describe different aspects of the same universe, it isperplexing that they are so different and are incompatible.

JUNE – JULY 2006 www.nexusmagazine.com NEXUS • 43

One of the mostembarrassing problems

of contemporaryscience is that there

seemingly is noconnection between itstwo dominant theories:general relativity andquantum mechanics.

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The SEC theory provides a simple solution to this dilemma,since it allows quantum mechanics to be derived from generalrelativity.

The key to understanding what is going on is the incrementalscale expansion of the SEC theory.

Scale expansion means that the length of a fixed distance likea metre slowly expands and that the pace of time slowlydecreases. If this were a continuous process we would notnotice it locally, but according to the SEC theory it is anincremental process. The scale expands a tiny bit and then we"jump into" the new scale by a discrete step. Like a child whorepeatedly grows out of her clothesand gets them replaced by new,larger clothes, we repeatedly growout of our scale before jumping intothe bigger scale by abruptlychanging the pace of time.

This expansion process is ofcourse new and at first we might notbelieve it can be true. However, it ispossible to model this process in GRby considering oscillating scale(metrics). We find that GR withoscillating metrics describes thequantum world! This is presented inmy paper (Masreliez, 2005a), whereI show how the QM theory may bederived from the GR theory. Now we understand that thequantum world is a direct consequence of incrementalcosmological scale expansion!

11. Can any cosmological model really describe theu n i v e r s e ?

A cosmological model not only describes properties of theuniverse but, more importantly, it reflects what we know. Weare constrained by our presumptions, biases and current level ofinsight. This has always been true. Ancient people perceivedthe universe as filled with mythological creatures. We knowmore now, but we still must use familiar concepts to describethe cosmos. Science tries to explain Nature by constructingmodels from which various features may be portrayed and

predicted. But these models can be no better than the "material"we use to build them with, this "material" being known andaccepted epistemology.

From our past experience it is clear that the old models of theuniverse were inadequate simply because people did not knowenough, and this also applies today. Any model we canconceive of is bound to be incomplete or perhaps even wrong;we simply do not know enough yet, and we will never knowe v e r y t h i n g .

The only thing we can hope for is a model that makes sense tous with our current level of understanding. A good model

should agree with observations andbe internally consistent. Anycosmos model that does better in thisregard is an improved model, even ifit means that we have to use newbuilding materials. This is the wayprogress is made.

With our current knowledge, themodel should seem right, at leastuntil we learn more. Therefore, weshould not believe any model is the"last word". We should realise thata cosmos model is only a tool for usto try to make better sense of theworld.

The BB and the SEC theoriesshould be viewed with this in mind.

That said, it should be obvious to the reader that at this timethe SEC theory is a better model of the universe than the BBmodel. The minimum requirement that a model should agreewith observations and be internally consistent is not satisfied bythe Big Bang.

The Scale-Expanding Cosmos theory explains manypreviously unresolved cosmological puzzles. It agrees withobservations without resorting to strange assumptions like "darkmatter" or "dark energy", and observations agree with the SECmodel 's prediction without the need for speculation ondecelerating expansion or accelerating expansion or onevolution. Furthermore, this new model explains what causesthe progression of time and why there is a quantum world. ∞

The SEC theory provides a simple solution to this dilemma,

since it allows quantummechanics to be derived from

general relativity.

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Author's Acknowledgements:I would like to thank Richard Moody,Jr, for suggesting that I have this essaypublished in N E X U S magazine and forhis helpful comments. I would alsolike to acknowledge Del Miller 'seditorial suggestions.

R e f e r e n c e s• Kolesnik Y. and Masreliez C.J. (2004),Astronomical Journal 1 2 8 ( 2 ) : 8 7 8• Masreliez C.J. (1999), "The ScaleExpanding Cosmos Theory", A s t r o p h y s i c sand Space Science 2 6 6 ( 3 ) : 3 9 9 - 4 4 7• Masreliez C.J. (2004a), "Scale ExpandingCosmos Theory I – An Introduction",A p e i r o n, April 2004 • Masreliez C.J. (2004b), "Scale ExpandingCosmos Theory II – Cosmic Drag", A p e i r o n,October 2004• Masreliez C.J., "Scale Expanding Cosmos

Theory III – Gravitation", A p e i r o n, October2 0 0 4• Masreliez C.J. (2005a), "Scale ExpandingCosmos Theory IV – A possible link betweenGeneral Relativity and Quantum Mechanics",A p e i r o n, January 2005• Masreliez C.J. (2005b), "A CosmologicalExplanation to the Pioneer Anomaly",Astrophysics and Space Science 2 9 9 ( 1 ) : 8 3 - 1 0 8• Masreliez C.J. (2006a), "On the origin ofinertial force", A p e i r o n, January 2006• Masreliez C.J. (2006b), "DoesCosmological Scale Expansion Explain theUniverse?", Physics Essays, March 2006• New Scientist, 22-28 May 2004, p. 20• Sagan, Carl, C o s m o s, Random House, 1985• Scale Expanding Cosmos theory, ath t t p : / / w w w . e s t f o u n d . o r g• Standish E.M., "Time scales in the JPL andCfA Ephemerides", IERS Technical Note No.2 9, 1998

About the Author:Dr Johan Masreliez lives in Redmond,Washington, USA. After receiving aMaster's Degree in Technical Physicsfrom the Royal Institute of Technologyin Stockholm, Sweden, in 1963, heimmigrated to the USA in 1967, havingbeen hired by the Boeing Company. In1972, he received a PhD from theUniversi ty o f Washington. A ft erteaching for a year and spending a fewyears at Honeywell, he started his owncompany as an inventor andentrepreneur, which he and his wifeoperated for 18 years. Since the early1990s, he has been involved wi thindependent research, concentrating onfundamental aspects of physics andcosmology.

Dr Masreliez can be contacted byemail at [email protected].

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RAINBOX WATER GENERATOR:Pure Drinking Water from the

Air We Breathe

Many major breakthroughs andscientific advancements are theresult of hard work, diligence and

attention to detail. Others are the result ofluck, hunches and being in the right placeat the right time. The invention of thesewater generators is no exception, andcontains elements of both luck and hardwork.

The inventors of the water generatorconcept are Daniel R. Engel and MatthewE. Clasby, Jr. The story of their inventionbegins in 1987 on an unusually hot, humidand somewhat frustrating summer's day ata steel mill in Beaumont, Texas. Matt andDan were working as technical repairengineers and their primary responsibilitywas to be available on short notice foremergency repairs within the plant.

On this particular day, Matt received aphone call summoning them to anemergency in one of the fabricationbuildings, a long massive structure withone side open to the outdoors. Theygathered the necessary equipment anddrove the repair vehicle to the emergencysite. It was large enough to house two orthree jumbo jets simultaneously. Matt saidthey were lucky this time: the requiredrepairs were located on the mechanicalassemblies of a conveyor belt only 20 to 25feet above the ground, not high overhead(which literally meant working atelevations several storeys above theground).

As they drove into the building, Dannoticed the windshield was gettingdrenched with water. They both lookedaround to determine who was sprayingtheir vehicle, assuming it was some kind ofpractical joke. They exited the repair truckand immediately noticed the building'sentire floor was also covered with water.Matt and Dan both suddenly realised thatwater was mysteriously falling inside themassive structure: it was literally r a i n i n ginside the building. They sat down toenjoy this light-to-medium shower rainingdown upon them.

The next question was: how could thishappen? The hangar was used to housesteel that had been heated to a liquefyingtemperature of 3,200 degrees and thenformed and shaped. The hot formed-and-shaped steel was spread throughout thelength of the building, cooling on theconveyors. It seemed that the heat from thesteel was mixing with the humid outdoorair currents passing through the building,causing it to rain right there inside thebuilding—a steady, light-to-medium rainthat fell for several minutes.

They then discussed how it could benefitthe people of the world to have consistentaccess to an unlimited supply of freshwater. That was the very beginning of thewater project. After that summer of 1987,Matt and Dan started conductingexperiments to re-create the conditions theyhad witnessed in the large building. Theytried different ways to introduce streams ofair into a box and collect the waterproduced. They investigated varioustechnologies, materials and systems butwere unable to produce a working modelusing the airflow concept they hadobserved. When they sat down andanalysed the situation, they realised that thecool air flowing through the building wascoming into contact with the hot metal

suspended on the conveyors. This contactof cool air on hot steel caused condensationto occur on such a large scale that it causedthe rain to fall inside the building.

Matt and Dan eventually began toexperiment with a refrigeration means tocondense water, and the process worked.In early 1989, the two began buildingprototypes.

On 9 November 1993, they were granteda US patent on their atmospheric watergenerator. On 29 June 2004, they weregranted a second patent—US and foreignwith worldwide rights.

Finally, Dan and Matt realised anotherpart of their dream. Through Global WaterLtd, and in a strategic alliance with theAucma Group of China, their watergenerators are now being manufactured toprovide the world with an unlimited supplyof pure, fresh, drinking water. (See thewebsite http://www.globalrainbox.com.)The Rainbox water generator is currentlymade in various sizes, including one modelthat makes 1,500 gallons of water per day.

Daniel Engel is a resident of Cleveland,Ohio, and Matthew Clasby, Jr, is a residentof Orange, Texas. ∞(Source: Onlypunjab.com, 1 March 2006,h t t p : / / o n l y p u n j a b . c o m / f u l l s t o r y 2 k 5 - i n s i g h t -news-status-22-newsID-88049.html)

S C I E N C E

JUNE – JULY 2006 www.nexusmagazine.com NEXUS • 47

"It's been a hard week. Can I have a swig?"

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THE REVOLUTIONARY "MASSIVE YET TINY" ENGINE

Angel Labs, based in Lodi,California, has developed a newtype of internal combustion engine

known as the Massive Yet Tiny™(MYT™) Engine or the Mighty Engine™(ME).

The MYT Engine is claimed to deliver848 horsepower (hp) from an engineweighing just 150 pounds, which wouldgive it a power-to-weight ratio 40 timesgreater than a standard internal combustionengine. The MYT Engine has the potentialto replace all the existing internalcombustion engines and jet engines.

With 40 times higher power-to-weightratio, low parts count, low maintenance,high mechanical efficiency and lowpollution, the MYT Engine will benefitairplane, big ship, 18-wheeler, SUV andpassenger car, even down to carry-onpower generator applications. The MYTengine working as a pump/compressor alsoexceeds existing pumps/compressors inproviding massive pressure, volume andflow, all in one unit.

Theory behind the engine1 ) The Mighty Engine (ME) design is

very small and simple. The prototype has a14-inch diameter and is 14 inches long. Itweighs 150 pounds. There are only 26moving parts, 31 parts in total. The firstprototype uses diesel or biodiesel for fuel.(The ME design accommodates dramaticreductions in size, depending on theapplication of the engine.) Through tworevolutions of its crankshaft, the ME firing

cycle is equivalent to a 32-cylinderreciprocating engine; that is, it fires 32times. As a result, its displacement isequivalent to an 848-cubic-inchreciprocating engine, despite itscompactness. The design is modular, andadditional units can be connected toincrease power.

2) At 150 lb, the basic ME design needsonly to produce 3,000 hp from 848 cubicinches to produce a 20:1 power-to-weightratio. By replacing the rear cover of theME and connecting another ME chamberassembly (adding two inches in length andlittle additional weight) the ME nowbecomes a 64-cylinder engine of 1,695cubic inches, raising the power-to-weightratio up to 40:1.

3) Since the ME lacks 80% of the partsnormally found in a reciprocating internalcombustion engine that are responsible forhigh friction and parasitic losses, thisnormally dormant horsepower is nowavailable and would increase the totaldeliverable output of the ME.

4 ) Normally, in a compression ignition(diesel) engine, combustion begins at TDC(top dead centre) at the zero-degreecrankshaft position. The expanding gasespush the piston down on the power stroke,rotating the crankshaft 180 degrees. Thepiston then returns to TDC, pushing theexhaust at the exhaust stroke and rotatingthe crankshaft another 180 degrees. This isthe burning time in a standard engine: atotal of 360 degrees' duration.

5 ) On a dynamometer, an engine'scombustion temperature is typicallymeasured at two inches from the exhaust

ports, on the premisethat the combustiontemperature is veryclose to exhausttemperature. This isdue to the zero-degree duration atTDC and the 360degrees' runningduration of astandard engine.

However, if atTDC the piston isallowed to stay for alonger duration, itwill burn a greaterpercentage of the fueland air mixture in thecombustion chamberuntil oxygen or fueltheoretically runs out

at the end of the power stroke, therebytotally completing the combustion processand drastically lowering the exhausttemperature at the end of the exhauststroke.

6) The ME design permits the pistondwell at TDC to be adjustable. Theprototype ME is currently set at approx. 12degrees of the crankshaft rotation, therebyapproaching the perfection of a completeburn of all fuel. Its exhaust gases are muchcooler. As a result:

• More energy is harnessed for the sameamount of fuel and air input.

• There is less left-over fuel to continueto burn at the exhaust stroke.

• There is less waste and pollution.7) The higher compression ratios used in

diesel engines result in greater thermalexpansion of gases in the cylinder. Theend result is a high percentage of fuelenergy being converted into useful power.In the ME design, a compression ratio ashigh as 70:1 can be attained due to theabsence of the restrictive reciprocatingcomponents. Specifically:

• The combustion chambers in the MEhave no design limitations, due to theabsence of valves. (The internalcombustion engine is an air pump. Airflowthrough intake and exhaust ports isnormally restricted by valves. The ME hasno valves—just open ports with norestriction. Airflow action is one way.)

• There are no odd or brand-new partswithin the cylinder. All the parts areproven designs used in reciprocatingengines.

• The entire engine acts as a heat sinkand a radiator. It is both air and oil cooled.

• There is no thrust-loading on pistonskirts.

• Pistons do not touch the cylinder walls;only the rings do.

• Pistons travel only the same direction:no reciprocation; only stop and go.

• There is high rpm potential for all ofthese reasons.

• It has no cylinder heads, no cam shaft,no valves. (The ME is equivalent to thebottom end of a reciprocating engine.)

• Intake compression and power strokeand exhaust stroke events are happening allat the same time, so there are no loadstrokes.

• The ME design is not a rotary or aWankel design. ∞(Source: Angel Labs, tel +1 (408) 6671979, email [email protected], websitehttp://www.angellabsllc.com)

N E W S C I E N C E N E W S C I E N C E N E W S C I E N C E

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The MYT™ (Massive Yet Tiny™) or Mighty Engine™

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JUNE – JULY 2006 www.nexusmagazine.com NEXUS • 49

MARCUS REID'S CRYSTAL UNITS Editor's note: German engineer and free-energy researcher Eckhard Kantz postedthe following on his website in April 2006.

Iconfirm that I have received andthoroughly investigated to the best of my

knowledge some multiple battery-likedevices that deliver a continuous energyoutput without any energy input whichwould be visible to my (current)measurement equipment.

The devices were provided by MarcusReid, the developer and manufacturer ofthese units. I am an engineer of energydevices and had the pleasure to take overthe task and responsibility for conductingall kinds of experiments on the receivedcrystal units since August 2005 when I metMarcus Reid the first time.

During the last months I have tested,with the help of others (I would like tothank them for their support), multiplecrystal units—developed and manufacturedby Marcus Reid—at the Institute ofResearch for Vacuum Energy, with theobjective being to find out which energythese battery-like devices could be poweredby. The tests have been fully documentedon a German website, Das Geheimnis desKristallaggregates (see websitehttp://www.wegalink.de/energy) andincluded in particular:

• investigations with a gamma spectrometer

• thermo-energetic exchange• magnetic response• load tests• high-frequency noise• possible relationship to solar bursts.In no case was there any hint that the

crystal unit would receive input energyfrom any known energy source likeenergetic particles, magnetic energy or heatenergy.

All investigations on electromagneticwaves and temperature were done withextreme effort and as thoroughly aspossible.

During the last months, the source ofenergy which powers the crystal units wasat the centre of investigation. Up to now, ithas not been possible to find a known inputenergy form.

It is now the objective to develop andconfirm more and more powerful devices.Therefore the investigations will focus onall kinds of relationships that will provideus with some better insight into thetechnology. (Source: Edited from Eckhard Kantz'swebsite, http://www.wegalink.net/energy/)

Basic Design of the Crystal Unit

This model is a first attempt to describethe feasible schematic design of the

Reid unit. This model appealed to us, inview of the available know-how in thefields of semiconductor physics,piezoelectrics and the "new field ofvacuum energy physics".

The p- characteristic is the maximumtowards the left on the anode and decreasestowards the right (conductivity of thesemiconductor within the material being dueto electron holes).

The n- characteristic increases towards theright (conductivity of the semiconductor inthe material being due to the surplus ofelectrons and the longitudinal polarisedpiezoelectric crystal).

The capacity to transport electrons withinthe crystal unit, caused by the polarised andlongitudinally oriented piezoelectric crystal,must be "stronger" than the n-, p- relatedconductivity of the semiconductor caused bythe "holes".

Therefore, an effect similar to tunneldiodes might be possible, which should be ina position to break the blocking layer causedby the semiconductor. In the above diagram,1 and 2 form two different semiconductorswhich are united with one another and are"opposite in direction", so to speak.

The anode and cathode material is selectedin such a manner that, because of the electro-negative difference, it has an intensifyingeffect on the p-, n- semiconductorsituation/location in the external circuit.

Consequently, the voltage would also begenerated by an electrochemical process.However, not so the current. To what extenta Schottky diode effect can have a

supporting effect on the n- metal transitionremains to be seen.

The current flow may be caused by twodifferent phenomena:

• first, through known thermal processes insemiconductors and piezoelectric crystals;consequently, the crystal units must becomecolder when under load, and environmentalheat is then the source of energy;

• second, possibly through vacuumfluctuations due to the Casimir effect, whichexcites the compressed piezoelectric crystalto vibrate. The piezoelectric crystal shouldbe able to produce current through thepermanent mechanical deformation. Refer tothe Feynman ratchet principle. The sourceof energy in this case is the inexhaustibleactive vacuum.

The "insider" will quickly notice that ourmodel has a number of different possibilities.Therefore, we are not in favour of furtherspeculations. We believe that the overallconcept may represent a new phenomenon,and only additional experiments andextensive series of measurements/tests willshow what we are dealing with here. ∞

R e f e r e n c e s• New Scientist, 2 February 2002, article onMIT's use of semiconductors as a source ofelectric energy. • New Scientist, 4 September 2004, article onobtaining electricity directly from heat.• New Scientist, 1 October 2005, article onobtaining energy from the vacuum.• Tom Bearden, Energy from the Vacuum,Cheniere Press, 2002.(Source: Institute of Research for Vacuum Energy,h t t p : / / w w w . v a k u u m e n e r g i e . d e / c r y s t a l u n i t . h t m l )

1. The piezoelectric crystal transports theelectrons in the inner side of the crystal unitthrough the blocking layer (blocking stateregion) from + towards -.2. The p- semiconductor absorbs (draws) theelectrons over the external circuit from n-.

Schematic view of a crystal unit. It is analuminium cylinder where sodium metasilicate (Na2S i O3) is melted in and brought tocrystallisation.

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The date of 16 July 1969 was the day of the launch of Apollo 11 and the initialkick-off for the first landing of the human race on our neighbour, the Moon.The global importance of this major historic event was very evident at theKennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida. It was Moon Shot Day!

Many famous people from all over the world gathered in the VIP launch viewing areanear the A p o l l o LCC (Launch Control Center). The security was at its highest level.One guest was in attendance whom I had supported during his political career: SenatorBarry M. Goldwater of Arizona. He had been the Republican presidential candidate in1964, running against President Lyndon B. Johnson. He had lost by a wide margin, butwe in Florida had delivered him a victory in Brevard County, Florida, and the Spaceportarea and take pride in ourselves regarding that minor accomplishment. In 1968,Goldwater won back his senatorial seat in Arizona.

Being a registered Democrat supporting a Republican candidate in Florida did not gainme any favour through my lifelong political party in Florida. I constantly lived withinsults and jokes which supplemented my involvement in UFO research. McClellandhas always been a maverick!

Senator Barry M. Goldwater had been a Major General in the United States Army AirCorps; he'd wanted to be a fighter pilot of the P-47 T h u n d e r b o l t and/or the P-51M u s t a n g, but was assigned to deliver various other aircraft to combat areas. He hadflown an estimated 160-plus planes during his World War II and civilian years. I wasalso informed that he had been checked out in an SR-71 B l a c k b i r d. That was v e r yimpressive to learn.

During the long countdown of the Saturn V Apollo 11 launch vehicle, I took abreakfast break from the LCC and walked to the nearby VIP guest viewing site in hopesof meeting Senator Goldwater. As I scanned the numerous people gathered, I asked oneof our security guards if he was aware of the location of Goldwater.

He pointed his finger to an open field nearby, saying, "Do you see that guy over theresetting up his camera tripod, Mac? That's Senator Goldwater."

I had my camera around my neck in hopes of having a photo opportunity with theSenator. I strolled across the crab-grass turf as he was setting up his personal camera. Iwas surprised he was alone except for a half-dozen other guests who were nearby, alsosetting up their cameras. I introduced myself and he responded with a polite greeting.He asked if I was a guest in the VIP area.

I chuckled a bit and said, "No sir, I am not yet a VIP." He smiled and said, "Yes, I know how you feel. I had the same experience in the

past." We talked about his earlier effort to gain the presidency and I told him about my

personal efforts in Brevard County. He thanked me, saying at least he had won here inthe Cape area.

I seriously pondered my next question concerning UFOs and finally asked him if hewould discuss the subject with me. I was surprised he had no Secret Service agents orNASA Public Affairs personnel hovering around him. I explained my position at KSCand my being the NICAP Unit-3 Director for Major Donald E. Keyhoe at KSC. He hadmet Keyhoe in DC years before. He approved our discussion on the UFO subject and webegan our exchange of information.

I began by saying it was obvious he had a deep, abiding interest in UFOs and possiblevisits of alien races to Earth.

A chance encounterwith US SenatorBarry Goldwater

during the Apollo 11 launch

countdown was anopportunity for thisaerospace engineerat Kennedy SpaceCenter to share

little-knowninformation aboutUFO sightings ofparticular interestto the US military.

by Clark C. McClelland © March 2006

Email: [email protected]

Website:http://www.stargate-chronicles.com

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He said, "That is accepted fact in Washington and especially atthe Pentagon, young man."

Senator Barry Goldwater on UFO SecrecyI had some understanding of his alleged statements regarding

UFOs in the past and brought up the popular story of his effort togain entry into a special storage area at Wright–Patterson AirForce Base that purportedly had alien artifacts in it.

He said, "Yes, that's the main event concerning me and UFOs.I was under the impression that a US Senator with a past as aMajor General in the US Army Air Corps and a member of theUS Senate Select Committee on Intelligence for many yearswould carry some weight in my allowances to enter such an areaof military secrecy. I was rudely awakened to reality veryswiftly when I was denied passage. It hadme angry enough to discuss i t with apersonal friend of mine in the military andinquire why my position in the US Senatehad no such allowance.

"My friend, General Curtis LeMay,Chairman of the Military Joint Chiefs ofStaff at the Pentagon, v e r y angrily told methat I had no need to know. He gave me alot of h e l l about my activities atWright–Patterson. He threatened to end ourfriendship for life! My God, Mac, thatsurprised the hell out of me. LeMay added,'You stay clear of our mutual fr iend,"Butch", too [meaning General William"Butch" Blanchard]; his having been atRoswell [later Walker] Army Air Baseand the 509th will not gain you anyfavour for knowledge of that Roswellcrash claim.'"

Goldwater added, "Mac, ButchBlanchard was also a very valuedfriend of mine since World War II. Hewas the person who announced that adisc had crashed near Roswell in 1947.This cussing out did awaken me to onefact: that the UFO situation is thehighest level of national secrecy.Much higher than the H-bomb was,and more than anything else that isknown within the Pentagon, FBI, CIA, DIA, NSA, etc. That is,nothing is higher security than aliens being here on this planet.Then I realised Curtis was correct . And I never againapproached him on the subject. That seemed to prove to me thatUFOs were a fact, and do exist. But, are they all aliens? I highlysuspect a majority are! Hell, they are no doubt far ahead of ourlevel of intelligence. The United States Air Force knows thetruth, but will they ever reveal it to this nation?"

I quickly said, "Yes, Senator, some UFOs sighted, I havelearned through the ONI [Office of Naval Intelligence], arealien."

His eyes brightened up and showed surprise. "Mac, howwould you know that as a fact and I was denied the truth?"

I said, "Senator, I was here, at KSC, and had also been at CapeCanaveral since the start of our national space program. With alldue respect for your great accomplishments, sir, you were not.I've heard and seen things that, without any doubt, proved to methat UFOs and star races exist."

I said, "Congress is not made aware of secrets of this calibre.

The Pentagon controls such disclosures." He stared at me and then said, "Yes, I get your point. You

were and are on the cutting edge of technology, Mac. Hell, youhave seen events I can only dream about.".

I replied, "Yes, sir; more than you know!"

German Scientists and Reverse-Engineering in the USI then tested the Senator with another question. I asked him if

he was at that time aware of the fact that several former Germanscientists were assigned to Wright Field following World War II.

He said, "No, Mac, I was not." Then, one of the nearby launch-viewers came close to our

location and I stopped the discussion. The man wanted to sayhello and shake the hand of Senator Goldwater.

Following his departure, I continued."Those Germans were at Wright sincepost–World War II and were assigned toreverse-engineer certain retrieved hardwarethat was suspected to be of alien origin.They accomplished that assignment with theobject that crashed in Kecksburg,Pennsylvania. It was taken to WrightField."

Senator Goldwater said, "Yes, I recall thatincident. What was it? Do you know?"

I replied, "Yes, sir; it was a Soviet failedmission to Venus in 1965. It was not alien,Senator. The public was led to believe itwas a UFO. Far easier to explain than a

missile from the USSR hitting withinthe USA."

Goldwater agreed. He asked if Iwas aware of who the Germans were.

I replied, "Yes. One is SiegfriedKnemeyer, the former head of theGerman RLM [theReichsluftfahrtministerium], the ThirdReich's Air Ministry for aircraftdevelopment for the Luftwaffe.Another is Dr Hans Amtmann, anexpert in vertical take-off aircraft.One other I am familiar with is DrAlexander Lippisch, who is more wellknown and a pioneer in tailless

aircraft, the US delta-wing fighter—the F-102A Delta Dagger—and an advanced design of a ground-effect flying boat. I'malmost certain these men also did a reverse-engineering on theobject that crashed near Roswell, New Mexico."

I could see that what I was telling the Senator may have hadhis mind in a spin. So, I slowed down.

He said, "Mac, what are you doing here? We need people likeyou in DC."

I said that my place was right here at KSC. I noted thecountdown clock was at two hours and 27 minutes prior to thelaunch of Apollo 11, and asked him if he would like a soft drink.

He said, "Yeah, maybe a shot and a beer, after hearing all youhave said, Mac." He laughed.

I smiled and went for two Pepsi-Colas. When I returned, hecontinued the conversation.

"Mac, you work in one of the most secretive and importantareas of our national security on the cutting edge of space scienceand are no doubt aware of much that has happened and ishappening during our missions into space."

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"This cussing out didawaken me to one fact:that the UFO situationis the highest level of

national secrecy. Much higher than the

H-bomb was, and morethan anything else that

is known within thePentagon, FBI, CIA,

DIA, NSA, etc."

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I confirmed his statement, saying I was also part of an ONIunit at Patrick Air Force Base, south of the Cape.

He was surprised to hear that fact. He said, "So, you are NavalIntelligence, young man?"

I said, "Well, yes sir, but only one member." He continued, making certain none of the people nearby was

within listening distance. "Now, may I ask you what you haveheard or seen here?"

I joked with him, asking, "Do youhave a need to know, sir?" We bothl a u g h e d .

Goldwater smiled while he adjustedhis camera tripod. Soon, a man and awoman wandered by, saying hello, andwe both similarly replied. I asked theman if he would take a photo ofGoldwater and me together. I askedapproval of the Senator and he gavehis okay. Following the photo beingtaken, I thanked both the people; theyshook the hand of the Senator andwent on their way. I was disappointedto note after it was developed that thephoto had been taken too distant toshow both our faces in more detail, but it does show enough toallow recognition. (See enhanced photo below.)

Senator Richard Russell's UFO Sightings over the USSRI asked the Senator if he knew Senator Richard Russell of the

State of Georgia. He snapped back, saying, "Are you kidding, Mac? Of course I

know Dick Russell." Goldwater then softly asked me if I was aware of Senator

Russell's UFO sighting inthe Soviet Union.

I smiled and said, "Yes,sir. I learned of it throughmy ONI unit."

He said with a smile,"Now, do you have theproper clearances, Mac?"

I told him my clearancelevel.

He said, again with asmile, "That is more thanacceptable."

He continued. "I hadheard a rumour aboutRussell having his UFOexperience, and thought Iwould approach him aboutit. I was careful not to havehim cuss me out likeLeMay. I'll tell you what heand I discussed. About sixor seven years ago in 1962,before my election loss toJohnson in 1964, Dick and Igot together after a Senatemeeting and sat alone in hisoffice. Dick said thataround sundown on 4October 1955, he saw two

separate saucer-shaped craft while travelling on a train throughthe Soviet Union on his way to Czechoslovakia. He made asmall sketch of the object for us to study on his desk pad. Heshowed a sparkle flashing under its base and indicated it had twolights on its top portion that remained stationary, while the outersection of each disc appeared to revolve or spin. He said it had aslight yellowish colour and may have been 25 to 35 feet indiameter. After talking about the object for about five minutes,

Russell tore the desk pad drawing offhis sketch pad and placed it in hisjacket pocket for later burning. Hetold me that it was classified TopSecret by the FBI and military. Hedid not want the sketch to end up inthe wrong hands."

Goldwater told me that Russellthen detailed how he'd watched fromhis train window as one saucer-shaped craft rose slowly from theground about two miles away andflew over his train at not too high arate of speed. It was estimated to bebetween 5,000 to 6,000 feet inaltitude.

Goldwater emphasised, "Mac, Dick was so excited about thisactual viewing of a UFO that he tried to summon his Russianlanguage interpreter Ruben Efron, who arrived too late and hadonly a brief sighting of the [first] object. His aide was ColonelHathaway."

(Later, I learned he was US Army Colonel E.U. Hathaway, themilitary aide-de-camp for the US Senate Armed ServicesC o m m i t t e e . )

"Dick said that around sundown on 4 October 1955, he saw two separate saucer-shaped craft while travelling

on a train through the Soviet Union on his way

to Czechoslovakia."

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Clark C. McClelland and Senator Barry Goldwater (right), photographed at the Kennedy SpaceCenter during the Apollo 11 countdown on 16 July 1969.

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Goldwater said that Senator Russell, Colonel Hathaway andRuben Efron all witnessed the second disc in detail. Russell saidthe CIA and FBI and perhaps the NSA were apparently briefed inDC concerning this very important event and had a US Air Forceofficer interview Russell, Efron and Colonel Hathaway inEurope. Goldwater could not recall the US Air Force officer'sname. However, later I gained that data and discovered it was LtColonel Thomas Ryan who prepared a detailed report on thesighting for the Pentagon. The report was highly classified andwas not made public until the excellent work of Dr BruceMaccabee, Chairman of the Fund for UFO Research, in obtainingthe documents through the Freedom of Information Act. It wasnot declassified for public viewing until 1985—30 years after thei n c i d e n t !

Goldwater said, "Mac, it makes one wonder why objects thatdo not exist, according to the USAF, require such t o p secrecy bythe US Government."

I agreed.(Note: In February 2006, the Bush

administration reclassified at least55,000 formerly secret andconfidential documents. Once again,they were not to be released to thepublic through the Freedom ofInformation Act. What caused thehighly secretive Bush administrationto reverse that decision? What isBush, Cheney, Rumsfeld, Rice, etc.,now keeping from the generalknowledge of the taxpaying public?It makes one seriously think!)

I continued our exchange, saying,"Senator, when I first arrived at CapeCanaveral in 1958, the initial mysteryevent I became aware of was what RCA engineers called'Lonesome George'! I later was informed by those personnel thatthey had accidentally discovered an orbiting, what could becalled, alien space probe out at the distance of the Moon.Senator, remember that the USA and USSR had not orbited anyman-made object at the time they initially discovered the object.What was its purpose, negative or positive, concerning the safetyof the human race? It apparently was not showing any harmfulintent towards the Earth."

Goldwater did show amazement at my disclosure and admittedhaving no knowledge of the object.

UFO Sightings by NASA AstronautsI then related that I was also aware of several UFO sightings

by astronaut crews from the M e r c u r y, Gemini and other missions.That statement seemed to light up the Senator's eyes.

He asked, "What did they observe?" I continued. "During our M e r c u r y program, I heard the voice

of astronaut Gordon Cooper, during his Mercury 9 m i s s i o n ,report a 'green-coloured object' that appeared to be passing hiscapsule in the opposite orbital direction over the Pacific Ocean in1963. Many years later, I spoke with 'Gordo' during a phoneconversation and asked him if he would elaborate. He denied itwas a fact and said he did not see an object during Mercury 9.But, I had heard him say he was tracking such an object. Hequickly added, 'We are on a phone, Slim.' [My nickname "Slim"was used by several of the earlier astronauts.] He caught me bysurprise."

The Senator asked me why.

I said, "I suspected that Gordo was giving me a message. Heapparently had suspicion his phone was not secure. Maybe I wasincorrectly making that judgement, but that was my analysis ofhis statement. Senator, now to elaborate on the Mercury 9mission. I was at the M e r c u r y Mission Control facility here atCape Canaveral on the day of the return to Earth by Cooper. Ihad initially tried to visit USAF Colonel John A. 'Shorty' Powersat Hangar 'S', and after discovering that the Colonel was atMission Control south of the hangar area I drove there to seehim. He had my special Mercury 9 lapel pin, a memento of thishistoric mission.

"Having security clearance, I entered the Mission Control area.I immediately heard communications between Mercury 9 and theCap Com [Capsule Communication] officer, astronaut WallySchirra, who was tracking Cooper in the Faith 7 across thePacific Ocean on its final pass prior to splashdown in that samearea on its next pass. It was the final orbit of Faith 7 before re-entry back to Earth. The commentary was on an open PA system

at Mission Control. Following thedisclosure of Cooper that he wasobserving a 'green-colouredobject'—and other comments madeabout it by astronaut Scott Carpenterwho was in the Kauai, Hawaii ,tracking station—Cooper was on histhird orbit and had released a highlyluminous, six-inch-diameter xenonstrobe light sphere to test histracking capabilities of the objectwhile in orbit. He finally was able tosee it on his fourth orbit. Senator, Iwonder if the object he saw wasconnected to that xenon strobe light?But it was not green and not in the

proper orbital path."Senator, I believe he actually did see a UFO. Sir, Cooper

disclosed to me that he had chased UFOs during his USAF dutiesin 1951 while in Germany. He said they out-manoeuvred hisflight of F-86 S a b r e jets and were flying at a greater speed thanour airplanes."

Goldwater said, "Yes, Mac, I'm aware of that fact." I continued. "Are you aware that astronaut Gordon Cooper

was later bumped from the Apollo 14 lunar landing mission byNASA?"

Goldwater said, "Mac, I also recall that fact." "Yes, sir; he was," I replied. "Why? Were there hidden reasons?" Goldwater asked. "Sir, Gordo enjoyed racing; he loved controlling a fast vehicle,

like most of those earlier astronauts. He was consideringentering a big car race in Daytona Beach against the objections ofNASA. He was warned by NASA to stay clear of any race inDaytona. They had spent a lot of money training him and werenot going to have a car accident impact their critical lunar launchschedule. Gordo was angered by that refusal. NASA realised hewas still planning on entering a race, so they finally assigned thatApollo 14 mission to Alan Shepard.

"Following that incident, it was all downhill for GordonCooper and his NASA astronaut career. Gordo was bitter aboutthat up to the day of his death. Senator, you may recall thatGordon Cooper became involved with the United Nations' effortsto have the subject of UFOs brought before the UN and to have itfinally disclosed that unknown craft are being encountered allover the Earth. I believe Cooper knew secrets about UFOs he

"...it makes one wonder why objects that do not exist, according to the USAF,

require such top secrecy by the US Government."

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kept from disclosing to the public at that time. I personallybelieve he was threatened with the loss of his retirement if hewould not remain quiet. His interest in UFOs also may haveimpacted his NASA career."

ONI Interest in UFOs Senator Goldwater then asked about sightings during other

space missions. I mentioned several during G e m i n i and A p o l l oand then I asked him if he had heard anything about a 1956 USNavy aircraft and the huge UFO that many crew members andothers observed over the Atlantic Ocean. He said he had not.

I said, "I am not surprised, Senator. It apparently was also keptsecret by the Pentagon, as was that incident with Senator Russell.My initial muster [the US Navy term for a meeting] with the USNavy ONI Unit 6-69 at Patrick Air Force Base, Florida, was inearly 1959. I was introduced to severalhighly ranked officers—Admirals, Captains,etc.—who immediately swore me tosecrecy, Bible and all, concerning what Iwas presently about to view and other data Iwould experience in the future concerningconfidential and secret information. Iagreed, and volunteered to operate thegroup's movie and slide projector.

"My being an investigator of UFOs and amember of NICAP for many years wasapparently well known by this group of USNavy officers. I had presented talks on thesubject of 'Space Flight and UFOs' at thePhiladelphia Naval Base a few years prior,and was presently seeking informationon additional UFO encounters withinthe space program. I realised thatwould be my value to this ONI unit,along with my friendship with manyNASA astronauts. Captain RudyBergholz, a technical manager atNASA KSC, opened a large fi lmcanister and handed it to me. The filmcan was marked 'Confidential', withother taped notes of instructions andw a r n i n g s .

"I began rolling the film and I foundit to be an amazing disclosure of aUFO incident that occurred in 1956.The officers were excitedly talking among themselves, as itdescribed the sighting of a huge, disc-shaped UFO—400 feet indiameter—by a US Navy flight crew in a Navy R7V-2 transport,which was a four-engine Super Constellation travelling west overthe Atlantic Ocean towards Gander, Newfoundland, an apparentrefuelling stop for its eventual landing at the Naval Air Station atPatuxent, Maryland. [Note: This was the base where severalastronaut crews would eventually be trained for secret DoDmissions, STS-48, UFOs, etc. during the future Space Shuttle, orSpace Transportation System, program.] I immediately noted afamiliar name, Admiral Delmar S. Fahrney, being mentioned inthe film."

Goldwater injected a comment. "Yes, I have met AdmiralFahrney, Mac."

I said, "Yes, sir." I continued. "Another comment was madein the film, recognising NICAP and Major Donald E. Keyhoe, aformer US Marine fighter pilot."

I asked the Senator if he knew Keyhoe.

He said, "Yes, I have met him. A very impressive man." I commented that I wondered why I had not heard about this

case prior to this ONI meeting, perhaps from NICAP inWashington, DC.

I continued my story. "Captain Bergholz said I had not yetbeen approved to have a 'need to know' by the US Navy.Apparently, now I had that need, but why? During the meeting,Captain Bergholz finally sprung the reason: I was to investigateand verify, through those German scientists at Cape Canaveral,who those P a p e r c l i p scientists were that had come to the USAwith Dr Wernher von Braun in 1946 and who had been assignedto the AMC [Air Materiel Command] Foreign TechnologyDivision at Wright Field, Ohio. Bergholz, being mycommanding officer, delegated the job to me because of myassociation with many German scientists at Cape Canaveral. I

later informed Bergholz that I haddiscovered at least three P a p e r c l i p s c i e n t i s t swho were assigned to Wright Fieldfollowing their arrival with Dr Wernher vonBraun: one named Siegfried Knemeyer,former Third Reich Luftwaffe pilot andRLM Director..."

Senator Goldwater interrupted me andasked, "Mac, what's RLM?"

I told him it was the German Air Ministrythat created the various planes, like theMesserschmitt and Junkers, and may haveinfluenced the V1 and V2 rockets atPeenemünde.

I continued. "Two other P a p e r c l i pscientists at Wright Field were Dr HansAmtmann and Dr Alexander Lippisch.I believe all three are still atWright–Patterson Air Force Base,Senator. Perhaps you can try andcontact them there."

The Senator quickly replied, "No,not after that experience with GeneralLeMay, Mac!"

I said, "Senator, you are aware of themilitary rivalry to gain the upper handover other areas of the United Statesmilitary that has been an ongoingpractice throughout our nationalhistory?"

He replied, "Yes, I am, having been associated with themilitary budgets in the Senate."

I continued, saying, "There was and still is a great rivalrybetween the US military services, and since the USAF and theUS Army ABMA [Army Ballistic Missile Agency] were playingthe same game between them at Wright Field, the AMC ForeignTechnology Division of the USAF had captured alien technologyand the US Navy wanted it shared with the ONI. Anotherhabitual US military squabble. Can you imagine the SovietUnion having such squabbles? Not on your life. Admirals andGenerals would have been marched to a wall and executed. Infact, Stalin did just that to several of his military officers."

Goldwater agreed.I continued to explain the film. "As we all watched the ONI

film, it described the sighting of a huge, 400-foot or larger,saucer-shaped object that was encountered by a US Navy R7V-2four-engine Super Constellation aircraft over the Atlantic Ocean.As many as 40 military personnel and air crew observed it as it

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As we all watched the ONI film, it

described the sighting of a huge, 400-foot orlarger, saucer-shaped

object that wasencountered by a US Navy R7V-2

four-engine SuperConstellation aircraft

over the Atlantic Ocean.

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approached the aircraft and appeared to be observing the Navyplane. It was at an altitude of about 19,000 to 20,000 feet and atfirst the object was mistaken for being a gathering of many shipsbelow the plane due to its size, when initially and earlier viewedfar below the aircraft by the navigator and commander of theplane."

I said, "Senator Goldwater, I cannot recall the names of theflight crew."

He said, "Just continue with the incident, Mac. It's veryinteresting and I was not aware it had happened."

I continued. "They all witnessed it and described it as having alarge, illuminated, outer ring. Since it and what some said mayhave been other craft below were possibly seen. As the largeobject approached the plane at about 1,000 yards, those aboardwere mystified and frightened. The crew later said it was a huge,saucer-shaped, metallic machine."

Goldwater asked, "Mac, did they showphotographs of it in the ONI film?"

I told him, "I was not aware that a filmwas exposed during the actual incident, so,no, I did not see any depiction of the UFO.If any UFO film was taken at all, it wasapparently under Top Secret classificationand not shown in the ONI film. Somecomments made by the crew in the film werethat they all considered the huge object was'intelligently controlled'. They also said thatno living creature, etc., was seen. Theyadded that the craft's speed from when itclimbed from near sea level to theiraircraft altitude was estimated to beabout 1,400 to 2,000+ knots in a brieftime-lapse of seven to eight seconds."

The Senator said, "That's astounding,Mac! What else was said?"

I continued. "The Navy aircraftcommander radioed ahead to theGander Air Force Base control towerand asked if their radar was identifyingany other object near his R7V-2. Thetower control officer said, 'Yes, a largerobject and in close proximity of theNavy plane.' Sir, they verified that thegigantic craft was on their radar!"

He replied, "Mac, I was not aware of that case! I will try topursue it when I return to Washington."

I replied, "Contact Don Keyhoe or Richard Hall, his deputy." I continued with the sighting. "The US Navy flight

commander was asked by the USAF interrogator at Ganderduring their individual and group debriefing if they saw anyindication of life. His reply was, 'No, but it was intelligentlycontrolled, and my crew and I are all witnesses to that fact!' Thatobject was not remotely controlled; something inside of it was inc o n t r o l! The interrogator would not discuss what the Ganderradar had recorded and refused to allow the Navy to review it.The Navy commander asked the Air Force officer, 'What's theUSAF up to now? You people say UFOs do not exist. What thehell did we see if they don't exist?' The USAF officer said,'Sorry, we cannot answer any of your questions'!"

I told the Senator that I suspected it was Dr J. Alan Hynek whobecame involved about four or so days later, after the US Navyaircraft arrived at Patuxent, Maryland, when the crew was onceagain placed under an intense ONI interrogation with a detailed

report required from each crew member and from those whowere passengers returning home.

Senator Goldwater then said, "What was the scientist'sresponse, Mac? I am very interested to know. I may contactHynek and try to investigate if he was the scientist involved."

I replied, "Good idea, sir. Now, to continue. The unidentifiedscientist asked the Navy commander if he had any photographsof the huge UFO. The commander said, 'Yes, but they have allbeen confiscated and classified.' The scientist met with thecommander and unlocked a briefcase and withdrew severalphotos of strange objects (UFOs). He asked the commander ifany were similar. While reviewing the photos, the commanderstopped and said, 'This is the exact saucer-shaped object my crewand I saw.' He then said, 'If you and the government have photossuch as these, there are people within the Federal Government

who know.' The scientist said he was sorry,but he could not disclose anything. Heclosed his briefcase and left the room.Senator, the facts concerning UFOs and ifthey are from an alien star race are known inDC!"

Senator Goldwater then said, "Mac, I amabsolutely going to look into this when Ireturn to Washington tomorrow."

From Roswell to the MoonI then asked the Senator if he would

answer a few questions I had for him. Heagreed.

I asked him, "Are you aware of anyfacts that are unknown to the publicregarding the alleged Roswell crash in1947?"

He said, "Mac, I have investigatedthat incident through every possibleagency that may have had someresponsibility: the FBI—Hoover, whoshut me off quickly—the NRO, DIA,NSA, etc., and have gained nothingother than hell from the Pentagon. Youmay know more about it than I. I'm ascurious about those facts as you. Thereaction I had from General LeMay andthe on-site Roswell facts known by

General 'Butch' Blanchard, etc., have told me one thing: that itdid happen and it is a major secret regarding UFOs and aliens ofour time. Perhaps of all times."

I looked at my watch and the NASA countdown clock a shortdistance from where we were, and saw that the countdown wasprogressing without any launch holds. Excitement was risingwith the VIP crowd. My break had run out.

Senator Goldwater and I both shook hands and I thanked himfor his openness with me. As I walked away, I glanced back athim and realised I would probably not talk again with this greatman in our nation's history. To me, Senator Barry Goldwaterwas a national treasure and great American patriot.

I returned to the LCC. At 9.32 am, the huge Saturn V rocketcarrying Apollo 11 lifted off and rumbled into space to realise anhistoric milestone. Mankind landed on and returned from theMoon—and will continue to explore the vast universe should ourhuman existence continue.

Continued on page 79

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"As the large objectapproached the plane at about 1,000 yards,

those aboard weremystified and

frightened. The crewlater said it was a

huge, saucer-shaped, metallic machine."

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It's not what you know, but who you know. In 1973, Erich von Däniken, at the heightof his fame following the success of Chariots of the Gods?, claimed that he hadentered into a gigantic subterranean tunnel system in Ecuador, which he was toldspanned the length of the continent—surely evidence that our ancestors were highly

advanced, if not extraterrestrial? The structure was believed to house a library in whichbooks were made out of metal—this in an area where today there is nothing but"primitive" Indian tribes with no written language. Evidence of a lost civilisation? It wasa major claim, and it did not go unchallenged.

The story centred around Janos "Juan" Moricz, an aristocratic Argentinian-Hungarianentrepreneur who claimed that he had discovered a series of tunnels in Ecuador thatcontained a "Metal Library". In a signed affidavit dated 8 July 1969, he spoke about hismeeting with the Ecuadorian president, where he received a concession that allowed himtotal control over this discovery—provided he could produce photographic evidence andan independent witness that corroborated the discovery of the underground network.Newspapers reported on the expedition that Moricz had organised.

In 1972, Moricz met with von Däniken and took him to a secret side-entrance throughwhich they could enter into a large hall within the labyrinth. Apparently von Dänikennever got to see the library itself, just the tunnel system. Von Däniken included the eventin his book The Gold of the Gods:

"The passages all form perfect right angles. Sometimes they are narrow, sometimeswide. The walls are smooth and often seem to be polished. The ceilings are flat and attimes look as if they were covered with a kind of glaze… My doubts about the existenceof the underground tunnels vanished as if by magic and I felt tremendously happy.Moricz said that passages like those through which we were going extended for hundredsof miles under the soil of Ecuador and Peru."

However, one of the world's potentially biggest discoveries soon turned sour.Journalists from the German publications Der Spiegel and Stern interviewed Moricz, whonow denied ever having been in the cave with von Däniken. It undermined von Däniken'scredibility (though some would argue he had none to begin with), branding him a liar.

For many, the incident proved that von Däniken was a fabricator of lies—a much moredamaging assertion than being known to make outlandish claims that the gods wereancient astronauts. No one pointed out that if von Däniken had been lying, he would nothave left such an easy trail to Moricz. He could have claimed that he could not reveal hissource, and Der Spiegel and Stern would have been none the wiser. Instead, it seemedthat something was amiss with Moricz, who had landed von Däniken in an internationalcontroversy from which his career never really recovered.

There are several oddities with this story. First, Moricz merely denied having taken vonDäniken there; the existence of the network itself he did n o t deny. In Der Spiegel, 19March 1973, we can read:

Der Spiegel: "How did you discover the [metal] library?"Moricz: "Somebody took me there."Der Spiegel: "Who was this guide?"Moricz: "I can't tell you."Moricz further stated that the library was guarded by a tribe. So, in short, Moricz claimed to von Däniken that he had discovered caves, and he

showed these to him. Now he claimed to have seen the caves, led there by a guide whomhe could not identify, but denied having taken von Däniken there.

A system of tunnelsand caves beneath

Ecuador and Peru isreputed to hold anancient treasure-house of artefacts

including twolibraries, one

containing inscribedmetal books and theother storing tablets

of crystal.

by Philip Coppens © 2006

PO Box 13722

North Berwick EH39 4WB

United Kingdom

Email:

[email protected]

Website:http://www.philipcoppens.com

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The logical conclusion seemed to be that Moricz had shownsomething to von Däniken, was now caught by the fact thateveryone seemed to know that he had done so, and had to makesure that whoever had shown him did not bear any grudgesagainst Moricz, no doubt because Moricz himself would mostlikely have been asked not to show anyone else the site.

A small step for Armstrong, a major step for mankindBy 1975, the story had killed the career of one notorious author,

so who would dare to tread in his footsteps? The answer: NeilArmstrong, the first man on the Moon—or rather, a Scotsmanwho wanted to change the precarious status quo in which theMetal Library controversy had found itself.

Stanley ("Stan") Hall had read von Däniken's book andsubsequently befriended Moricz. The latter confirmed that he hadmet von Däniken in 1972 and had taken theSwiss author from Guayaquil to Cuenca,where they met Padre Carlos Crespi and sawhis collection of enigmatic artefacts. Therewas insufficient time to take von Däniken tothe "true location", so instead they decided toshow him a small cave some 30 minutes fromCuenca, claiming it connected to thenetwork. This seemed to clear up the vonDäniken–Moricz controversy, but not theMetal Library itself.

Where was it? Moricz's 1969 expeditionhad ventured into the Cueva de los Tayos,which Moricz identified as the cave that ledinto the Metal Library. But in 1969, noMetal Library had been uncovered. SoHall decided to organise anEcuadorian–British expedition thatwould explore the Cueva de los Tayos;it would be a purely scientificexpedition.

I had met Stan Hall a few times overthe course of a decade, without knowingthat the person I was speaking to wasStan Hall. He was a member of theaudience at the Scottish SaunièreSociety conferences. Stan blends intothe background and is unlikely, if notunwilling, to stand out. It's by pure accident that I found out Iknew Stan Hall—the Stan Hall, who furthermore lives nearby…It provided me with an opportunity to get a personal perspectiveon this story, and one I was willing to take with both hands.

Originally set up to take place in 1977, the 1976 expeditionoccurred at a time when von Däniken's public profile had beendamaged by Moricz—and Hall was apparently about to endorseMoricz's claim. It left von Däniken feeling wary about Hall formore than 20 years, until both men realised they were kindredspirits rather than mortal enemies.

Why did he do it? Hall wanted to create a framework: if therewas indeed a Metal Library of a lost civilisation, the first stepwould be to map the site. That was the main and only goal of theexpedition; there was no treasure-seeking. Hall used hisprofessional expertise to create a three-week exploration of thisfamous cave: a joint venture of the British and Ecuadorianarmies, supported by a team of geologists, botanists and otherspecialists.

How did Neil Armstrong get involved? "The expedition needed an honorary figurehead," Stan Hall

said. "The name of Prince Charles, who had recently received adegree in archaeology, was proposed, but I knew Neil Armstronghad Scottish connections. My mother was an Armstrong and viaanother Armstrong in Langholm, where Neil Armstrong had beenmade an honorary citizen, I made contact. Months later, I got areply that Neil Armstrong was more than willing to join us on thismission. It's when the expedition suddenly became a life'schallenge."

On 3 August 1976, when the expedition was winding down,Armstrong entered the tunnel system. Even though they were notlooking for it, the team members did not stumble upon a MetalLibrary. Had they done so, the discovery would have alteredmankind's perspective on our history and origins. For Amstrong,it could have been his second great contribution to mankind'sexploration. However, the team did catalogue 400 new plant

species as well as a burial chamber inside thecave, in which a seated body was found. Thechamber was later dated to 1500 BC, and itwas believed that at the time of the summersolstice the sun illuminated this tomb.

The story had gone from ancient astronautsto astronaut par excellence, but what would bethe next step?

The third manEveryone and everything had revolved

around Juan Moricz, but in retrospect he wasthe wrong centre of the universe. From 1969until 1991, the year he died, the Metal Library

eluded him. So what next? That Moricz was not the originator of

the story was clear, as von Dänikenhimself noted on page 53 of his book. Inthe 1973 interview with Der Spiegel ,Moricz confirmed that an unnamedperson had shown him the cave. Butwho was this person?

After Moricz died, Hall decided totrack down this "third man", who haddisappeared into the shadows. Hall hada name—Petronio Jaramillo—butnothing more.

"Moricz died in February 1991," saidHall. "I had a name and a telephone directory. But there were anawful lot of Jaramillos in Quito. Finally, I found him—or, rather,his mother. It was September 1991 when she gave me the phonenumber of her son. I phoned him. He told me that it had taken 16years before our paths crossed. He was willing to meet me, andstated that he needed three days to fill me in."

Jaramillo confirmed that when Moricz arrived in Guayaquil in1964, he teamed up with lawyer Dr Gerardo Peña Matheus.Moricz told Matheus of his theory about how Hungarian peoplehave been at the root of practically every civilisation. Throughacquaintances, Andres Fernandez-Salvador Zaldumbide andAlfredo Moebius, Moricz met Jaramillo in Moebius's house, andfrom there Moricz ran with Jaramillo's story. Hall was annoyedwith himself, for various people had tried to direct him towardsJaramillo as early as 1975, but it took until 1991 before the twomet.

Jaramillo and Hall realised that had it not been for Moricz, whofocused attention on the Cueva de los Tayos (which was not theactual location of the library), the 1976 expedition could haveresulted in the discovery of the century—and what a track record

Jaramillo saw a library consisting ofthousands of large,metal books stackedon shelves, each withan average weight ofabout 20 kilograms,each page impressedfrom one side with

ideographs, geometricdesigns and written

inscriptions.

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for Armstrong it would have been! But it's a two-edge swordbecause, had it not been for Moricz, the story would never havecome about like this. And today, Hall's biggest desire—if he wereable to turn back time—is to sit down at one table with bothMoricz and Jaramillo. At the same time, he realises that Moriczhad been intent from the beginning that the Metal Library wouldbe his legacy. When Hall showed Moricz a manuscript about the1976 expedition, Moricz point-blank refused to return it. It endedtheir friendship, but Hall never understood why until 1991, whenhe realised that the manuscript mentioned Jaramillo. It was aname Moricz did not want to see published—as he had confirmedin the 1973 German newspaper interview. Moricz was incrediblystubborn and, equally, incredibly loyal, but obviously was thewrong man and was sadly mistaken if he thought he could everpull off the discovery of the century.

Subterranean treasuresJaramillo and Hall became

friends, though both agreedJaramillo would notprematurely reveal the locationof the site. Still, he was willingto talk in detail about itscontents and any other aspectHall wanted to discuss.

From Jaramillo, Hall wasable to learn the true story ofthe Tayos library—which wasnot in the Cueva de los Tayos atall! Jaramillo stated that he hadentered the library in 1946,when he was 17 years old. Hewas shown it by an uncle,whose name has goneunrecorded but who was knownas "Blanquito Pelado" (a lovingdescription of the man'sappearance). He wasapparently on friendly termswith the local Shuar population,who invited him to see a secretin gratitude for the kindness andgoodness he had shown towards the tribe.

Jaramillo entered the system at least once after that. On thatoccasion, he saw a library consisting of thousands of large, metalbooks stacked on shelves, each with an average weight of about20 kilograms, each page impressed from one side withideographs, geometric designs and written inscriptions. Therewas a second library, consisting of small, hard, smooth,translucent—what seemed to be crystal—tablets, grooved withparallel encrusted channels, stacked on sloping shelves of trestledunits covered in gold leaf. There were zoomorphic and humanstatues (some on heavy column plinths), metal bars of differentshapes, as well as sealed "doors"—possibly tombs—covered inmixtures of coloured, semi-precious stones. There was a largesarcophagus, sculpted from hard, translucent material, containingthe gold-leafed skeleton of a large human being. In short, anincredible treasure, stored away as if hidden in preparation forsome upcoming disaster.

On one occasion, Jaramillo took down seven books from theshelves to study them, but their weight prevented him fromreplacing them. It also meant that they were too heavy to removefrom the library and reveal to the world. Jaramillo never

produced any physical evidence for his claims, which may explainwhy he wanted to live in the shadows of this story.

Hall did ask him why he never took photographs. "He said thatit would not prove anything." Other discoveries, such as theinfamous Burrows Cave in the United States, prove that seeingactually isn't believing. Still, Jaramillo stated that he had left hisinitials in these seven books so that, if the library were everdiscovered, it could be proved that it was he who had entered it.

Expedition plans and setbacksJaramillo and Hall wanted to combine forces to see whether the

Metal Library could be opened; one knew the location, the otherhad a proven track record in organising proper expeditions. Itwould be the "expedition of occupation".

First, contact with various ambassadors and politicians wasestablished; then the scientificcommunity was brought in.The plan was for Jaramillo tolead the team to the site, wherethey would remain for a periodof three to four months (duringthe dry season), cataloguing thecontents of the site andguaranteeing that nothing wentmissing. Everything wouldremain in situ . A report withrecommendations would be theonly outcome of thisexpedition, which wouldinvolve UNESCO. But in1995, Peruvian jets bombed anEcuadorian military base andthe project had its first setback.

In 1997, Hall used a majoranthropology conference topromote the idea. Sixanthropologists came to meethim, interested in what he wastrying to accomplish. But thatsame year, Ecuador's politicalregime changed (in Hall'sopinion, for the worse); Hall

felt that his family could not live in the new political reality, so hemoved back to Scotland with them. (Shortly afterwards, our pathswould cross anonymously). This was nevertheless not a setback;planning for the expedition continued.

However, it was in 1998 that the expedition had a m a j o rsetback. Hall received by telephone the sad news from the motherof Petronio Jaramillo that he had been assassinated. Was hemurdered because of the plans that were afoot? Life in SouthAmerica is cheap, as anyone who has visited or lived there knows.That day, Jaramillo was carrying a large amount of money onhim. It was a street robbery, close to his home. Random violencestopped one of the world's biggest discoveries dead in its tracks.

It seems that fate only allowed for Jaramillo and Hall to meet,but never to work together—as if their combined efforts wouldbreak the spell of the cave and turn a dream into a reality.

Location, location, location Moricz and Jaramillo had both died. Hall was in his sixties.

Would he go it alone and claim the Metal Library for himself?Hall isn't a treasure-seeker. He emphasises that the region is a—ifnot t h e—veritable El Dorado. There is gold everywhere; the

Juan Moricz and Stan Hall, photographed in 1975 during preparations for the 1976 expedition that would have astronaut

Neil Armstrong as honorary president. (Photo © Stan Hall)

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roads are quite literally paved with it. Even if the library booksare made out of gold—though Jaramillo never spoke of gold butof "metal" (in fact, it seems copper was an ingredient, as Jaramillohad seen a green colour on the books)—there is more gold outsidethe library than inside. The presence of Moricz in the region wasbecause he held extensive gold concessions; his interest in thelibrary was not for its monetary value but for its historicimportance.

Still, various treasure-hunters in the past had tried to open thecave. Count Pino Turolla made contact with Jaramillo in the1960s through the same channels that later brought Moricz tohim. Turolla was obsessed with Cayce's Hall of Records, and theMetal Library would be absolute proof of Cayce's prophecies.But Turolla's attitude and sense of organisation meant that the twonever got along. Turolla pressed Jaramillo for details that thelatter was unwilling to offer. So Turolla opted to search aroundthe Cueva de los Tayos and came up empty-handed.

The most active Indiana Jones today is Stan Grist, who alsoknew Juan Moricz as well as his confidante, Zoltan Czellar, also agood friend of Hall. In 2005, Grist wrote: "As I write thesewords, I am in negotiations with the native Shuars who live nearthe Cueva de los Tayos, whose permission is necessary to enterand explore the area of the caves. I plan to mount an expeditionin the coming months to search for the secret entrance to the cavefrom which the alleged metallic library can be accessed. Manypeople have entered the cave by the well-known, vertical entrancenear the top of the mountain. However, I calculate that it is nearlyimpossible or is impossible to reach the metallic library throughthis well-known entrance. The secret entrance is only accessedfrom underwater!"

I confronted Hall with Grist's opinion. "Jaramillo always saidthat the entrance was under the river," he said. But that river isnot near the Tayos Cave. That river is the Pastaza River.

Though Hall never learned the location from Petronio Jaramillohimself, after Jaramillo's death in May 1998 Hall organised a tripwith Mario Petronio, Jaramillo's son, in which both combinedtheir knowledge about the site. The trip had to be abandonedbefore "point zero" could be reached.

In May 2000, Hall returned. "When we were preparing the expedition in the 1990s,

whenever diving equipment wasdiscussed as a necessity Petroniowould say that even though it [theentrance to the cave] was under theriver, it did not mean we would getwet."

Hall showed me aerial maps,pointing out a bend in the river thatmeets a fault line, which is knownto open up into a cave system thatruns for several miles. Hissuggestion is that the fault line—evidence of an ancientearthquake—opened up theunderground network, whichsomeone at some stage in thedistant past then discovered andused as a place to instal l themetallic library. Hall had visitedthis location and deduced that itfits Jaramillo's descriptionperfectly.

The need for cooperation So, what happened next? Hall was 64 years old when he last

travelled to the region; now he is seventy. When he was 68, hedecided that more than likely he would not see this story come toits conclusion. However, he does not consider it to be his story,and he does not want to make the same mistake that Moricz did.

So, on 17 January 2005, Hall informed the Ecuadoriangovernment of the location of the cave that fits Jaramillo'sdescription, and which he hopes will become the focus of anexpedition.

For anyone who is interested, the location is at 77º 47' 34" westand 1º 56' 00" south. GoogleEarth brings you very close and cansatisfy any initial curiosity. But knowing the location doesn'tmean it will be easy finding it.

Hall thinks it will take decades or a paradigm shift beforepeople can work together in a manner that will result in asuccessful "occupation". He argues that the 1976 expedition onlysucceeded because a military regime was in power; "a democraticbureaucracy will swamp the expedition before it crosses anyswampy river".

What is required is a sense of cooperation and openness. Toomany people have tried to use the library as evidence for theirown theory, whether involving aliens, globe-conqueringHungarians or Edgar Cayce and his Hall of Records. Perhaps thatis why the missions were doomed. Perhaps we should just let thelibrary speak for itself. The answers to questions as to who builtit, where they came from, what they accomplished, etc. may all befound inside the structure itself. After all, it is a library. ∞

About the Author:Philip Coppens has previously contributed four articles toNEXUS Magazine, the most recent on European Pyramids(see previous issue, vol. 13, no. 3) . His websi te i shttp://www.philipcoppens.com, and he can be contacted byemail at [email protected].

Stanley Hall's website is http://www.goldlibrary.com,where his book Tayos Gold can be ordered. He can becontacted by email at [email protected].

Both Coppens and Hall live just outside of Edinburgh,Scotland.

Aerial photograph of the area where the real cave is located. The marked area is the bend in thePastaza River, which Hall visited in 2000 and which has all the required characteristics.

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BRITISH COMPUTER HACKERACCESSED SECRET UFO FILES

To the United States, he is a seriouslydangerous man who put the nation'ssecurity at risk by committing "the

biggest military computer hack of all time".But Briton Gary McKinnon says he is

just an ordinary computer nerd who wantedto find out whether aliens and UFOs exist.

During his quest, McKinnon broke intocomputers at the Pentagon, NASA and theJohnson Space Center as well as systemsused by the US Army, Navy and Air Force.

McKinnon is now battling extradition tothe USA, where, if found guilty, he facesup to 70 years in prison and fines of up to$1.75 million. His lawyer fears he couldeven be sent to Guantánamo Bay.

McKinnon was born in Glasgow,Scotland, in 1966. His parents separatedwhen he was six and he moved to Londonwith his mother and stepfather, who was abit of a UFO buff.

"He comes from Falkirk, and just outsideFalkirk there's a place called Bonnybridge,which is the UFO capital of the world.When he lived there, he had a dream thathe was walking around Bonnybridge seeinghuge ships. He told me this and it inflamedmy curiosity. He was a great science-fiction reader. So, him being my secondfather, I started reading science fiction, too,and doing everything he did."

When he was 15, Gary joined the BritishUFO Research Association (BUFORA).When he was 17, he saw the film W a rGames and he wondered: "Can you reallydo it? Can you really gain unauthorisedaccess to incredibly interesting places?Surely it can't be that easy."

So, in 1995, he began to hack. He waslooking for, and found time and again,network administrators in high levels of theUS government and militaryestablishments who hadn't bothered to givethemselves passwords. That's how he gotin. He did a few trial runs, hacking intoOxford University's network, for example,and he found the whole business"incredibly exciting".

When asked if he is brilliant, he says"No". He's just an ordinary, self-taughttechie. And, he says, he was never alone."Once you're on the network, you can do acommand called NetStat—NetworkStatus—and it lists all the connections tothat machine. There were hackers fromDenmark, Italy, Germany, Turkey,Thailand."

Off-planet technologySo do aliens exist? Yes, according to

McKinnon."I found a list of officers' names," he

claims, "under the heading 'Non-TerrestrialOfficers'. It doesn't mean little green men.

What I think it means is 'not Earth-based'.I found a list of 'fleet-to-fleet transfers' anda list of ship names. I looked them up.They weren't US Navy ships. What I sawmade me believe they have some kind ofspaceship, off-planet.

"There was a group called TheDisclosure Project. They published a bookwhich had 400 expert witnesses rangingfrom civilian air traffic controllers, throughmilitary radar operators, right up to thechaps who were responsible for whether ornot to launch nuclear missiles. They aresome very credible, relied-upon people, allsaying 'Yes, there is UFO technology,there's anti-gravity, there's free energy andit's extraterrestrial in origin, and we'vecaptured spacecraft and reverse-engineeredit'."

He said one NASA scientist reported thatthe Johnson Space Center had a facilitywhere UFOs were airbrushed out of high-resolution satellite images. So he broke into see for himself.

"One of these people was a NASAphotographic expert, and she said that inBuilding Eight of Johnson Space Centerthey regularly airbrushed-out images ofUFOs from the high-resolution satelliteimaging. What she said was there, w a sthere: there were folders called 'filtered'and 'unfiltered', 'processed' and 'raw',something like that.

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"I got one picture out of the folder, andbearing in mind this is a 56k dial-up, so avery slow Internet connection in dial-updays, using the remote control programme Iturned the colour down to 4-bit colour andthe screen resolution really, really low, andeven then the picture was still juddering asit came onto the screen.

"But what came onto the screen wasamazing. It was a culmination of all myefforts. It was a picture of something thatdefinitely wasn't man-made.

"It was above the Earth's hemisphere. Itkind of looked like a satellite, but it wasmanufactured by no means I have ever seenbefore: there were no rivets, no seams; itwas like one flawless piece ofmaterial.

"It was cigar-shaped and hadgeodesic domes above, below, tothe left, the right and both ends ofit, and although it was a low-resolution picture it was very closeup.

"This thing was hanging inspace, the Earth's hemispherevisible below it, and no rivets, noseams, none of the stuff associatedwith normal man-mademanufacturing."

The hacker's downfallGary McKinnon was hacking in

the immediate aftermath of the events ofSeptember 11, 2001, but only because hewanted to see if there was a conspiracy.

"Why did the building fall like acontrolled series of explosions?" he asks."I hate conspiracy theories, so I thought I'dfind out for myself."

McKinnon strenuously denies the JusticeDepartment's charge that he caused the "USmilitary district of Washington" to become"inoperable". Well, once, he admits, butonly once: he inadvertently pressed thewrong button and may have deleted somegovernment files.

McKinnon was caught in November2002. He says it was inevitable because hewas "getting a bit sloppy". "I'd never haveenvisaged this happening to myself, but Idid get a bit megalomaniacal as well. It gota bit silly. I ended up talking to people Ihacked into... I'd instant-message them,using WordPad, with a bit of a politicaldiatribe. You know, I'd leave a message ontheir desktop that read, 'Secret governmentis blah blah blah'."

McKinnon was tracked down because

he'd used his email address to download aremote access administration program.

"God knows why I used my real emailaddress," he says. "I suppose it means I'mnot a secretive, sophisticated, checking-myself-every-step-of-the-way type ofhacker."

But he hints that whatever happens, hehas a lot more to tell. "I can't talk about alot of stuff that I found. It's just not theright time," he says with a smile.

The Free Gary McKinnon campaign The next phase of his legal battle began

on 10 May 2006 at Bow Street Magistrates'Court.

The district judge ruled that McKinnonshould be recommended for extradition tothe United States to face trial for hackinginto sensitive computer networks andsystems.

The decision now rests with the BritishHome Secretary, John Reid, who has threemonths to decide whether to approve theextradition request.

McKinnon's solicitor is proposing toappeal to the US Secretary of State and, ifrefused, will then appeal to the High Courtfor a decision to allow Gary to be tried inthe UK as a British citizen.

Friends and supporters of GaryMcKinnon fear he will not get a fair trial ifhe does end up in the USA. A blogwebsite, http://FreeGary.org.uk, has beenset up to support the campaign forMcKinnon to be tried in the UK. ∞(Sources: Compiled from articles by JonRonson in The Guardian, UK, 9 July 2005;by Michael Holden for Reuters, 27 April2006; by Spencer Kelly for BBC News, 5May 2006; and by Mark Ward for BBCNews, 10 May 2006)

FORMER US MILITARYINTELLIGENCE ANALYST SPEAKS

OUT ON UFOS

Brian Vike, Director of HBCC U F OResearch in Canada, advises he wasgranted permission to post the followingletter in its entirety and leave in any names.Following is a slightly edited version ofthis letter. Ed.

Ispent 12 years in the US Army—from1973 to 1976 as an MP (militarypoliceman) working undercover for the

DST (Drug Suppression Team), CID(Criminal Investigation Division), inGermany. Basically I travelled throughoutGermany, wearing civilian clothes and

pretending I was a former soldier whonow resided in Germany dealingn a r c o t i c s . My code-names were"Porkchops" and "Frisco",depending on what part of GermanyI was at.

I went after what was known asthe "Khaki Mafia" that originated inV i e t n a m . The perpetratorsrecognised me because I was knownto wear a black trench coat,sunglasses and dark clothes, and atthe time I was sporting a beard andm o u s t a c h e . But before thisexcitement took place, I was in FtJackson, South Carolina, in 1974 ona training exercise.

One night, two other soldiers and I werein Columbia, South Carolina, checking outthe sights, and we looked up at the sky andsaw six glowing blue discs in formation.As we watched, the UFOs dispersed inerratically zig-zagging movements anddisappeared quickly.

The first thing that came out of onesoldier's mouth was, "Geese?" We lookedat him and said, "No way!" That was myfirst time experiencing a UFO encounter,and it stayed with me for a long, long time.

In September 1976, I had another UFOencounter. This time I was out of the armyand living with my former girlfriend, HelenLang, in an apartment. One night shecame running back inside the apartment,s c r e a m i n g . I asked her what was wrong.She said that a UFO was hovering 200 feetabove her head. I didn't see anything.

I noticed she was hysterically crying. Idrove her to the Sacramento Sheriff'sDepartment and they had her use theirphone to dial an 800 number to call DrAllen Hynek of the Chicago, Illinois,Bureau of UFO Investigations.

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"I found a list of officers' names, under the heading 'Non-Terrestrial Officers'...

What I saw made me believe they have some kind of spaceship, off-planet."

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Dr Hynek sent some forms to fill out, soshe could describe what she had seen. DrHynek later called me and asked what I hadbeen doing. I told him I'd been watchingDick Van Dyke's The Comic on TV. H easked what happened when Helen wasscreaming outside. I said the TV went onthe blink; it displayed static and I wastrying to fix it when I heard her screaming.He told me that when UFOs hover nearby,they cause disturbances in car engines, TVsand radios; this was a normal occurrence.

Later I learned that two other people inSacramento saw the same UFO in twodifferent locations, and it was reported inthe Sacramento Bee.

From 1979 to 1986, I was back in the USA r m y . This time I had joined militaryintelligence and I was stationed at PIC-K(Photo Interpretation Center – Korea).This time my code-name was "Hollywood"or "Joe Hollywood". I wore a black suit,now, and I was clean-cut. I kept thesunglasses, though.

My job as a 97 Bravo (intelligenceanalyst) was to work with imageinterpreters in identifying targets in NorthKorea and Red China, such as T-72 tanks,e t c . I would create what is called a"sitmap", pinpointing targets discovered byimage interpreters who studiedreconnaissance aerial photographs. Iwould categorise certain photos.

We would go on what is called a "hot

run" from Yongsan Barracks, Seoul, toOsan Air Force Base. The vehicle woulddisplay a placard that indicated that thevehicle could not be stopped for anyreason. There was a combination lock onthe trunk of the vehicle and a combinationlock in the suitcase inside the trunk; thedriver and myself would have thecombination to open the trunk and thes u i t c a s e . We would place the "hot rolls"(film) into the suitcase and head back toSeoul.

During my time as an intelligenceanalyst, I categorised six photos taken byreconnaissance satellites of what appearedto be UFOs. The UFOs moved of theirown accord, as if they were guided bysome kind of intelligence. Therefore thesix photos were significant in terms ofmilitary intelligence. The photos movedup the intelligence chain from militaryintelligence to DIA (Defense IntelligenceAgency) to CIA (Central IntelligenceAgency). From there, I don't know wherethe photos went.

While at PIC-K, I worked with Air ForceIntelligence, Naval Intelligence, DIA, CIA,Marine Recon, US Army (Green Beret)Special Forces, 101st Airborne, US ArmyRangers, 82nd Airborne, Delta Force, NavyS E A L s . It was necessary for us to workclosely with certain elite military groups.

Another strange photo I once saw wasgiven to me to categorise. It was a photo

of an American POW in Vietnam, taken in1981. The photo went into a metallic boxwith a combination lock and disappearedup the intelligence channel.

The spooks (intelligence personnel) Iworked with would never discuss UFOs.Most spooks belonged to some sort ofsecret society; most were Freemasons, andI was a Rosicrucian.

When I departed Korea, I signed up forthe 82nd "Screaming Eagles" Airborne andSpecial Forces training, and they wereready to send me to Ft Gordon, Georgia,and Ft Bragg, North Carolina, and I wascalled to do a special assignment.

I received an "H" identifier and becamean army instructor. I taught the "SovietThreat for OPFOR (Opposing Forces)". Iwore a Russian uniform, ski mask andblack gloves, talked with a fake Russianaccent and called myself "CorporalDowbowski".

I would instruct on the Soviet Threat,teaching the WEFT (Wings, Engine,Fuselage and Tail) on Soviet aircraft, killzones on Soviet aircraft and land-roamingvehicles, and the use of many Sovietweapons from the AK-47 to the SVDsniper rifle, in which I was proficient.

During my time with OPFOR, I learnedfrom intelligence circles that the RussianKGB also knew and was aware of whatexactly UFOs were and where they camefrom.

To this day, I don't know the answers tothe UFO mystery, but hopefully one dayour government will disclose what it knowsto the public.

Brian, you have full permission topublish my report. Those were manyyears ago and Helen Lang's UFO claim wasfully published in the Sacramento Bee .There is nothing new here that wasn'tpublished back in '76.

I still work for the government...but,where I work now is what I wouldn't wantto disclose. You can disclose my previouswork with the government: I have noqualms about it and most people are awareof my previous background. ∞(Source: HBCC UFO Research, Box 1091,Houston, BC, Canada VOJ 1ZO, tel [250]845 2189, email [email protected]; letterposted on 29 April 2006 ath t t p : / / w w w . h b c c u f o . o r g / m o d u l e s .php?name=News&file=article&sid=4278)

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"It's still a little strange living near a volcano, but I feel a lot better since they installed the smoke detector."

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THE ELECTRIC MIRROR ON THEPHAROS LIGHTHOUSE and OtherAncient Lighting edited by Larry Brian RadkaThe Einhorn Press, Parkersburg, WV, 2006 ISBN 0-9657545-8-8 (166pp l/f tpb) Availability: The Einhorn Press, [email protected]

This is a fascinating investigation whichconfirms that the ancients knew about

and utilised electricity, batteries, telescopes,mirror weapons and carbon arc lighting.

The most famous example in LarryRadka's book is the Pharos Lighthouse ofAlexandria—one of the seven wonders ofthe ancient world—built by the Ptolemeickings in honour of Alexander the Great, whosaw the need for it when he surveyed theEgyptian coastline in 332 BC. The light-house, which soared at least 650 feet abovesea level, was described in the historicalrecord and reportedly underwent construc-tion repairs following a number of earth-quakes until its final demise in 1303.Apparently it employed a sophisticated car-bon arc lighting system that made it a signif-icant landmark for Mediterranean seafarers.

From his research, Radka discovered thatthe ancient Egyptians, Babylonians andAssyrians knew about electricity and light-ing, but he thinks it's likely that the Pharoslighthouse and its powerful light wereinspired by ancient Indian predecessors.Radka includes plenty of examples from theart and artefacts of these civilisations thatsuggest these technologies were well

utilised. One famous example covered hereis the so-called Baghdad battery.

Interspersed with examples from theancient world are ones from relatively mod-ern times when lighthouses, carbon and mer-cury arc searchlights and electrical cellswere considered exciting new innovations.

Radka's grasp of history, esoterica andtechnology together with his liberal use ofmaps, diagrams and photos makes TheElectric Mirror... a captivating read.

THE SION REVELATION: Inside theShadowy World of Europe's SecretMastersby Lynn Picknett and Clive PrinceTime Warner Books, London, 2006 ISBN 0-316-72772-5 (530pp tpb) Availability: http://www.twbg.co.uk

Allegations about the existence in Franceof a shadowy secret society called the

Priory of Sion received prominence in theearly 1980s with the publication of Leigh,Baigent and Lincoln's The Holy Blood AndThe Holy Grail. In more recent years it'sbeen Dan Brown's fictional The Da VinciCode that has again brought the Priory intothe public gaze. But how much do we knowabout this group, and is it, as suspected, ahoax? Authors Lynn Picknett and ClivePrince again teamed up to do research for anew book, The Sion Revelation.

Indeed, the authors have been on the casesince 1991 when they were approached by aself-declared member of the Priory whilethey were working on their book about theShroud of Turin, which named Leonardo daVinci as the creator (if not the subject) of theshroud's image. In a strange twist, theymaintain that their subsequent book TheTemplar Revelation was one of the chief

inspirations for Dan Brown's novel. The Priory had its modern birth in 1956,

but depending on what story you subscribeto it may have originated in the 1110s duringthe Crusades or in 18th-century France. Theauthors suggest that if the Priory is a hoax, itis an elaborate one whose threads, onceinvestigated, lead the researcher to concludethat there is some truth to support the allega-tions. These threads lead to occult knowl-edge on the one hand, and political machina-tions during and beyond WWII on the other.In an interesting turnabout, apparently thePriory's stance was a Johannist one (i.e., fol-lowing the cult of John the Baptist asMessiah), not one that upheld the bloodlineheritage of Jesus and Mary Magdalene.

So many pieces to the puzzle fit and somany don't that the authors surmise thePriory is a front for a grouping of mucholder secret societies which are mentioned inhistorical documents, as well as for moremodern intelligence agencies and politicalmovers and shakers. An intriguing thesis.

REVIEWSReviewed by Ruth Parnell

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THE CHAOS POINTby Ervin LaszloHampton Roads, Charlottesville, VA,2006; Piatkus Books Ltd, London, 2006 ISBN 1-57174-485-1 (Hampton Roads);1-84511-088-9 (Piatkus) (166pp tpb) Availability: http://www.hrpub.com;http://www.piatkus.co.uk

The world is faced with a "decisionwindow" between 2005 and 2012, and

the choices that we make in this time periodwill determine whether we cross the ChaosPoint of 2012 and take a "breakdown path"or a "breakthrough path".

Systems philosopher Dr Ervin Laszlo(author of Science and the Akashic Field;see NEXUS 12/02) argues in his new bookthat the breakdown path will lead to devolu-tion and disaster, whereas the breakthroughpath will lead to evolution and a new civili-sation. However, if we want to "birth" anew world, humanity's way of thinkingneeds to change en masse in all areas,including social, economic, ecological andspiritual. The paradigm based on conquest,colonisation and consumption is well past itsuse-by date and must be replaced by anholistic relationship with the world and eachother based on connection, communicationand consciousness.

Fortunately, there are signs that a growinggroup of "cultural creatives" around theplanet is becoming a force for positivechange and a sustainable world. Accordingto a study Dr Laszlo cites, this group com-prises 50 million people today in the USAalone. It's time conservative political lead-ers adopted the more enlightened thinkingand systems of the cultural creatives in theirconstituencies, otherwise, as Dr Laszlowarns, the trends will inexorably lead us to a

catastrophic Chaos Point from which there'llbe no return. It's not yet too late to avert dis-aster, but we must act now. It's a hard ask,especially with so much greed, violence andpoverty in the world, but it's up to thinking,caring people everywhere to step up theiractivism a notch and inspire cooperativelinks locally and globally.

Dr Laszlo's book, supported by a thought-ful foreword by futurist Sir Arthur C.Clarke, provides a warning and a call toaction that we can't afford to ignore.

CONVERSATIONS WITH THE SOULby Lawrence FollasZenith Press, New Plymouth, NZ, 2005 ISBN 1-877365-29-7 (352pp tpb) Availability: Zenith Publishing,http://www.zenithpublishing.co.nz

Lawrence Follas, a New Zealander ofIrish descent and now an octogenarian,

has spent decades as a hypnotist exploringsome of the intrinsic questions about whowe are and where we have come from—witha little help from some willing participants,some of whom exhibit striking psychic abili-ties under hypnosis.

For Follas, it wasn't easy getting on thepath; he struggled with years of alcoholismbehind the mask of a high-powered jobbefore he discovered the powers of medita-tion and hypnosis, which changed his life. Ittook him a while longer, and much researchlater (which also led him towards the "sleep-ing prophet" Edgar Cayce and his healthreadings for clients), to go beyond the "partytrick" aspect and get to the core of what hyp-notism is about: helping the client connectwith his/her Higher Self.

Following on from his first book, Hypnosisand the Higher Self, Follas explores further

aspects of the divine self and higher mind inConversations with the Soul. He has seenthat through hypnosis clients have foundanswers to their physical and mental healthproblems by being able to access conditionsexperienced in a past life.

But on a more esoteric level, Follas hasworked with clients who have expanded theboundaries of what it is to be human bybeing able to access multidimensional levelsof existence through the induced trancestate. Such expressions from clients haveoften taken the form of "automatic writing",and some examples are included herein.

The material from Follas's clients is of aquality akin to that of the great wisdomteachings. That we create our own realitiesand are our own best healers—if only we putour minds to the task—confirms that ourconscious, subconscious and superconsciousselves are all wise and powerful when work-ing in unison. This ability to harmonise ourselves is open to all of us, and Follas givesus great encouragement with reference toscience and esotericism.

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WORK WONDERS: Feed Your DogRaw Meaty Bonesby Tom LonsdaleRivetco Pty Ltd, Windsor, Australia, 2005 ISBN 0-9757174-0-5 (118pp tpb) Availability: www.rawmeatybones.com

This is an easy-to-understand guidebookon pet care from Australian veterinarian

Tom Lonsdale, which follows on the heelsof his more in-depth book Raw MeatyBones: Promote Health (2001; see reviewin NEXUS 12/03). Dr Lonsdale is a convertto referring to the workings of nature andfeeding carnivorous dogs and cats with pri-marily raw meaty bones and carcasses, a fewtable scraps and occasional organ meats.This means avoiding commerciallyprocessed and grain-based pet foods.

Dr Lonsdale testifies that you can see thedifference in pets fed the way that natureintended: they look contented, they enjoygnawing away at bone and sinew (which isgreat for their teeth and gums), and they'retrim, taut and healthy (he includes some cutephotos to show what he means).

Pet owners can gain a benefit, too, fromseeing their pets in top shape, from not hav-ing to pay veterinarian bills and from step-ping off "the commercial merry-go-round ofthe junk pet-food industry".

If you haven't yet switched your pet to rawmeaty bones and carcasses, Dr Lonsdale hasall the advice and scientific back-up youneed on how to change your pet's eatinghabits and on how much and how often tofeed, depending on the age and size of theanimal. He has chapters on non-naturaladditives and supplements to avoid, on nastydiseases that can be kept in check with thenew feeding regime, and on monitoring yourpet's dental hygiene and general well-being.

He includes a two-week sample menu, tipson "feeding the inner wolf" in your dog, andlots of references for further research.

You, too, can easily learn how to "workwonders" for your pet.

THE HIDDEN STORY OF CANCERby Brian Scott Peskin, BSEE, MIT, withAmid Habib, MD, FAAP, FACEPinnacle Press, Houston, USA, 2006 ISBN n/a (503pp hc, limited edition) Availability: Pinnacle Press, PO Box56507, Houston TX 88256, USA, tel 800456 9941 (tf), http://www.BrianPeskin.com

This is one of the most important booksyou could ever read if you want to

understand and prevent cancer. Certainly,cancer prevention is the focus of nutritionaland medical scientist Brian Peskin in thisbook co-written with clinical researcher DrAmid Habib, who believes Peskin's anti-cancer regimen also helps against obesity,diabetes and many other illnesses.

Much of Peskin's thinking on anticancerstrategies is based on the findings of NobelPrize–winning German physician and bio-chemist Dr Otto Warburg (1883–1970), whouncovered the primary cause of cancer andhow cancer can be prevented. Decades ofexpensive research into secondary causeshas failed, says Peskin. The primary causeof cancer is too little oxygen getting to thecells. Dr Warburg discovered that just bydecreasing a cell's oxygen content by aboutone-third, cancer is automatically induced.That is all that's required for cancerous cellsto grow. This underlying cause is the samefrom one person to the next.

The challenge for Peskin was to find a wayto get sufficient oxygen to the cells and keepit there—a challenge that had eluded Dr

Warburg. However, it wasn't until 2002 thathe found the missing link: essential fattyacids (EFAs). Both omega-6 and omega-3EFAs are part of the cell membrane andfacilitate the flow of oxygen into the cells.However, the body cannot manufactureEFAs: these must be obtained in the dietand consumed in the correct ratio, i.e., atleast 1:1 or 2:1 of omega-6 to omega-3.

As well as providing scientific and clinicalback-up for this argument, the authors sug-gest a simple, five-step anticancer plan. Itincludes not just taking "parent" EFAs butsufficient quantities of bioavailable mineralsthat help maximise oxygen transfer. It alsorequires taking sufficient (organically pro-duced) animal-based protein to help thehaemoglobin carry enough iron to maximiseblood oxygen levels, minimal carbohydrates,and a herbal detoxifier (Essiac is recom-mended). This advice has benefits not justin protection but in combatting ill effects ofradiotherapy and improving cancer remis-sion chances. This is a groundbreaking the-sis that deserves worldwide recognition.

REVIEWS

JUNE – JULY 2006 www.nexusmagazine.com NEXUS • 69

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IRAQ CONFIDENTIALby Scott RitterI.B. Tauris, London, New York, 2005 ISBN 1-84511-088-9 (312pp hc) Availability: www.iraqconfidential.com

Scott Ritter spills the beans on behind-the-scenes machinations surrounding the

United Nations weapons inspections of Iraqduring the 1990s in his explosive book IraqConfidential. As a weapons inspector spe-cialising in ballistic missiles, Ritter ledmany international UN Special Commission(UNSCOM) teams into Iraq between 1991and 1998 in an attempt to determine whetherSaddam Hussein's regime still possessedweapons of mass destruction in contraven-tion of UN Security Council resolutions.

From the outset, Ritter's job in UNSCOMwas stymied by overt and covert interferenceby the US government and its agencies,especially the CIA and NSC. The accountsof his missions in Iraq, his run-ins with UNand US bureaucracies, his associations withBritish, Israeli and Dutch intelligence opera-tives and his experiences with his band ofcolleagues make for compelling reading.

Eventually Ritter had to conclude that apolitical agenda was being pushed by theUS: as long as the inspections could be keptgoing without finding any evidence ofWMDs, the longer the economic sanctionsagainst Iraq could be kept legitimate. Thechief aim of the US government, he con-tends, was regime change. In hindsight, fol-lowing the March 2003 US-led invasion ofIraq, Ritter thinks the CIA accomplished itsmission. In fact, the issue of "fixing intelli-gence around policy" goes back as far as1992, he says, when intelligence aboutSCUD missile accounting was doctored.

In 1998 Ritter resigned in disgust over the

lies and betrayals that made it impossible forhim to continue doing his job. Time andagain he'd been on the verge of a break-through on Iraq's weapons status, when theWhite House withdrew support for particu-lar inspections to serve its own agenda.

Ritter stresses we cannot ignore "difficultand inconvenient history", and he's backedup by award-winning investigative journalistSeymour Hersh in the foreword.

GENUINE FREEDOMby Matt EngelmanMatt Engelman, The Netherlands, 2006 ISBN 90-78318-01-5 (273pp tpb) Availability: www.mattengelman.com

The events of 9/11 were a catalyst forMatt Engelman, a former financial man-

ager and software company proprietor, toreconsider just about everything he believedto be true. With an open mind he researchedthe territory behind the mainstream, and hisdiscoveries completely changed his life.

What he learnt about the control anddeception forced upon—even unquestion-ingly accepted by—the masses, he realisedmost of us are not living in freedom andtruth. So he had to ask "What is freedom?",and he asks us to consider this question, too.

In the first part of his book, he takes usthrough the control paradigms that aredeceiving us—the global money system,institutionalised religions, the mainstreammedia, wars and depressions, and global cor-porations—and how they link up to formone huge "chain of control". How can weconsider ourselves free when our thoughts,perceptions, belief systems, behaviours, con-sumption habits, and so on have been somanipulated that we don't even know it?Waking up to the fact that we're not living in

genuine freedom is a major step, but wehave to want freedom and act accordinglyand do something about bringing it on.

In part two, Engelman reminds us of oursoul connection with the Source, for this isthe only way to genuine freedom. It's thepath of love, not its antithesis, fear—whichis deliberately provoked by the chain of con-trol. It's about respecting oneself and othersand taking responsibility for our thoughtsand actions. It's about personal creativityand collective empowerment. It's about lis-tening without judgement, welcoming newideas and living in harmony with the naturalforces of the universe.

The path to true freedom, Engelman con-cludes, requires us to realise that we are thecreators and that our souls want us to evolvetowards higher consciousness. However,the time to act is now, as we're reaching aturning point "when the world's people willdecide en masse that the existing globalorder is no longer acceptable". Engelman isnot the first to share these truths, but hisadvice is both well-grounded and uplifting.

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CANCER: Its Cause and Treatmentwithout Operationby Robert Bell, MDTranscribed and edited with additional textby Carmi B. Hazen, 2006 (first publishedby G. Bell and Sons, Ltd, London, 1913ISBN 1-4116-7549-5 (167pp l/f tpb) Availability: www.lulu.com/comdyne

The findings of Dr Robert Bell still ringtrue, nearly 100 years since his book

Cancer: Its Cause and Treatment WithoutOperation was published. Now, the text hasbeen transcribed and reprinted by CarmiHazen, who has a hobby of collecting usefulmedical literature and devices from the pastand provides commentary throughout thisbook (see his article in this edition on elimi-nating parasites with the carbon arc lamp).

It seems that Dr Bell had a handle on whatwas to come, because in the early 20th cen-tury he was already speaking out againstmedical colleagues who were intent onsurgery as a means of dealing with cancer.In his practice, he chose treatments accord-ing to the type of cancer he was confrontedwith, and they included topical applicationof ointments made from plant extracts,injection of formic acid, ingestion of thyroidor mammary gland extract, and so on, andthey were very successful. Dr Bell citesmany cases where serious tumours shrankafter his treatments; yet he was a staunchadvocate of early detection: if some cancerswere detected too late, not much could bedone. He also reviews the research of hiscolleagues covering clinical as well as geo-graphical distribution findings, so his per-spective circa 1913 is instructive concerningthe body of knowledge at the time.

Dr Bell, an oncologist based in Londonhad his theories about the cause of cancer,

which he saw as "a preventable disease, andone entirely incident upon civilisation". Heconcluded that it originates in "some fla-grant contravention of hygienic laws" and is"essentially and intrinsically due to pervert-ed cell metabolism". Thus he was an advo-cate of healthy dietary and hygienic habits.

Hazen, author of an e-book titled WhatThey Didn't Teach Your Doctor in MedicalSchool, has written a follow-on section,"The Truth About Cancer", which looks intothe cancer-busting work of such pioneers asDr Royal R. Rife, who suffered a tragic fateat the hands of the medical establishmentfrom the 1930s. We've still much to learn.

AN AMERICAN DEMONOLOGY:Flying Saucers over the White Houseby Colin BennettHeadpress, Manchester, UK, 2005 ISBN 1-900486-46-6 (166pp tpb) Availability: http://www.headpress.com

One of the pioneering figures in ufologywas Captain Edward J. Ruppelt, who

from 1951 to 1953 headed the US AirForce's Project Blue Book UFO investiga-tions (which excluded reports on abductionsand aliens). He even came up with the term"unidentified flying object". Realising that abiography of Captain Ruppelt was longoverdue, Colin Bennett set about the taskand has produced a work that describes notjust Ruppelt's life and career but also reflectsthe spirit of the times. Included are numer-ous examples of the USAF's often muddledcommand structure (it was only set up in1947) and a perspective on the fledgling butexpanding military-industrial complex.

Informing Bennett in his task is Ruppelt'sown book, The Report on UnidentifiedFlying Objects, published in 1956 after he

left the USAF. Unfortunately Ruppelt diedin 1960 of a heart attack at age 35, so we'llnever know what else he would haverevealed. During Blue Book it seemed thatRuppelt, "the prototype systems-man", waskeen to describe as "unknown" the genuineUFO sightings by many professional mili-tary personnel including pilots and radarcontrollers. Bennett discusses Ruppelt'sinvestigations, including blinkered reactionsand behavioural changes from higher-rankedofficers than he in dealing with the UFOproblem confronting them. This period inUFO history is significant, too, for a numberof UFO "flaps"; for instance, the 1952Washington, DC, UFO "invasion" when thenearby Andrews Air Force Base had all itsrunways out of action, so no jets could bescrambled in time to investigate the reportedfast-moving, orange-glowing objects.

With an introduction by Nick Pope, formerUFO Desk Officer with the UK MoD, andforeword by Jerome Clark, author of TheUFO Encyclopedia, Bennett's book has extraclout in its study of the UFO "demon".

REVIEWS

JUNE – JULY 2006 www.nexusmagazine.com NEXUS • 71

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CONSCIOUS HEALING: Book Oneon the Regenetics Methodby Sol LuckmanBooklocker Publishing, USA, 2006 ISBN 1-59113-843-4 (250pp tpb) Availability: www.phoenixregenetics.org

In this paradigm-reworking book, authorSol Luckman develops the concept of

"Energenetics", a synthesis of age-old andnew-age wisdom with a sound- and light-based technology that has huge potential forhuman evolution and self-enlightenment.

The athletic Luckman developed a debili-tating series of illnesses following a vaccina-tion in 1996, and in the ensuing years triedevery alternative therapy he could to rebuildhis immune system. He also read masses ofliterature in his search for a cure, andbecame well acquainted with sources includ-ing Leonard Horowitz on vaccine dangers,Rupert Sheldrake on morphic resonance,

Richard Alan Miller on quantum bioholog-raphy, David Tansley on radionics, LarryDossey on mind-body healing intention andJonathan Goldman on healing sounds.

A few years later, working with partnerLeigh, Luckman developed techniquesbased on the energy signature imprintingtherapies of Dr Nambudripad's AllergyElimination Technique (NAET) and an off-shoot, BioSET, developed by his student,chiropractor Ellen Cutler. In essence, these"Regenetics" techniques involve identifyingblockages in the system, clearing them, call-ing up "spare" DNA and resetting the"bioenergenetic" blueprint. With the help ofkinesiology and numerous willing clients,Luckman and partner identified 3,000 ener-gy signatures and 12 basic human energytypes, which they've applied to make theirdiagnoses and treatments more efficient.

Incorporating light and sound energies,their treatment takes at least nine months forfull DNA reactivation to take place. Ineffect, inefficient neurological and biologi-cal programs are cancelled out and replacedwith ones based on the ultimate Source: the

energy of unconditional love. The individ-ual is allowed to transcend limiting, dualisticthought patterns, raise vibrational energy,repattern the electromagnetic blueprint andseal the "fragmentary body".

This is revolutionary healing science that'sexpanding the boundaries of being.

THE GREAT WAR FOR CIVILISATIONby Robert FiskKnopf, USA, Fourth Estate, UK, 2005 ISBN 1-4000-4151-1 (1113pp hc) Availability: http://www.aaknopf.com;http://www.4thestate.co.uk

One cannot fail to be moved by the writ-ings of journalist Robert Fisk in his first

book since 1990. Covering three decades offront-line reporting in the Middle East andtaking 15 years in the writing, it's a massivework with a long list of acknowledgements,though not including those valuable sourceswhom Fisk cannot name for the sake of theirpersonal safety. Fisk never had any doubtsthat he wanted to be a foreign correspon-dent, and in the hotbed of the Middle Easthe's seen more than enough evidence of "thearrogance of power" that subjugates nations,causes death and suffering and makes inno-cent people live in fear and despair.

In his blazing, tell-it-like-it-is style, Fisknot only documents the history he's wit-nessed in the making but also calls toaccount the powers-that-be, questioning thesanity and agendas of politicians who sendsoldiers to war and condemn innocent peo-ple to death and destruction.

Every war "represents the total failure ofthe human spirit", he laments. The title forthis book comes from the words engravedon the obverse side of a medal awarded tohis father who fought on the battlefields ofFrance in World War I: "The Great War forCivilisation". Ironically, at one stage in hiswar-reporting career, Fisk stood on the veryplace where the fateful gunshot in Sarajevostarted the Great War. And while his fatherwas being sent to far-flung fields, the firstholocaust of the 20th century was beingplayed out; years later, Fisk would interviewelderly survivors of the Armenian holocaustat the hands of the Turks, and his chapter onthis episode is most poignant.

Fisk has seen many "wars for civilisation"in his time. Based in Beirut, he's reportedkey events in Lebanon, Palestine, Iraq, Iran,Israel, Afghanistan, Algeria and more sincehe became the Middle East correspondentfor the Independent in 1976; in fact, at thetime he'd just finished reporting on thePortuguese revolution and previously hadbeen in Belfast covering "the troubles".

This is a passionate account of Fisk's trav-els and travails that shocks with its realismand goes headlong to get at the truth.

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THE RINGING CEDARS SERIESby Vladimir MegreRinging Cedars Press, Columbia, Missouri,USA, 2005 (edited by Leonid Sharashkin,translated by John Woodsworth)Book 1: Anastasia, ISBN 0-9763333-0-9(202pp trade paperback)Book 2: The Ringing Cedars of Russia,ISBN 0-9763333-1-7 (209pp tpb)Book 3: The Space of Love, ISBN 0-9763333-2-5 (211pp tpb)Availability: Ringing Cedars Press,www.ringingcedars.com

In 1994, a Siberian eldertold the entrepreneur

Vladimir Megre afascinating story about the"ringing cedars"—treesrespected from biblicaltimes for their curativepowers and their capacityto reconnect human beingswith the Divine. The eldertold him where such aringing cedar was growingin the Siberian backwoods.

Vladimir Megre set outon an expedition to find the tree. But hisencounter with the elder's granddaughterAnastasia transformed him so deeply that heabandoned his commercial plans. Penniless,he went to Moscow to fulfil Anastasia'srequest that he write a book about thespiritual insights she had shared with him.What happened next thrilled and inspiredmillions, as Anastasia promised it would.

With no advertisement other than word ofmouth, the Ringing Cedars Series hasbecome an international bestseller with over10 million copies sold in Russian alone andtranslations in 20 languages. It has touchedthe hearts of millions of people worldwide.

Anastasia, the first book of the RingingCedars Series, tells the story of entrepreneurVladimir Megre's trade trip to the Siberiantaiga in 1995, where he witnessed incrediblespiritual phenomena connected with sacred"ringing cedar" trees.

Megre spent three days with Anastasia,who shared with him her unique outlook onsubjects as diverse as gardening, child-rearing, healing, nature, sexuality, religionand more.

The Ringing Cedars of Russia, thesecond book of the series, provides afascinating behind-the-scenes look at thestory of how Anastasia came to bepublished. It offers a deeper exploration ofthe universal concepts so dramaticallyrevealed in book one.

It takes the reader on an adventurethrough the vast expanses of space, time and

spirit—from the Paradise-like glade in theSiberian taiga to the rough, urban depths ofRussia's capital city, from the ancientmysteries of our forebears to a vision ofhumanity's radiant future.

The Space of Love, the third book of theRinging Cedars Series, describes the author'ssecond visit to Anastasia. Rich with newrevelations on natural child-rearing andalternative education, on the spiritualsignificance of breastfeeding and themeaning of ancient megaliths, it shows howeach person's thoughts can influence thedestiny of the entire Earth.

Megre describes practical ways of puttingAnastasia's vision of happiness into practice.He shares his new outlook on education and

children's real creativepotential after a visit to aschool where pupils buildtheir own campus andcover the 10-year Russianschool program in just twoyears. Complete with anaccount of an armedintrusion into Anastasia'shabitat, the book highlightsthe limitless power of Loveand non-violence.

Inspired by the RingingCedars Series, thousands ofpeople are now planting

trees, changing their lifestyle and seeking aspiritual reconnection with the Earth.

Personally speaking, I rank these booksamongst the most profound I have ever read.As one NEXUS reader wrote recently(Letters, 13/02): "Basically, these booksmake all the books I've read to date look likea complete waste of paper!" If you onlyread one book in your life, read Anastasia.

Reviewed by Duncan Roads

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74 • NEXUS www.nexusmagazine.com JUNE – JULY 2006

ROOTED: A hard-hitting scientificlook at the dangers of Root CanalTherapyProduced by La Mmag © Robert Gammal,2006 (60+18mins, PAL DVD) Availability: La Mmag Productions, Suite102, Piccadilly Court, 222 Pitt St, SydneyNSW 2000, Australia, tel +61 (0)2 92645195, email [email protected], websitehttp://www.rooted.tv

Root canal therapy isregarded as a

sophisticated, scientificdental treatment whose aimis to keep a dead toothpainlessly in the mouth.We are constantly assuredthat it is a safe andeffective treatment. Theidea that a dead tooth couldcause a wide variety ofdiseases is strenuouslydenied by the dentalprofession.

Rooted is a one-hour documentary whichexplodes these dental myths and takes ahard-hitting look at the dangers associatedwith root canal therapy. This is life-changing information. Anyone who has hada root canal treatment needs to know howsuch a dead tooth may affect your health.

The documentary is extensively referencedand includes a separate 18-minute chapterwith patient interviews.

It should be compulsory for dentists towatch this film, over and over again!

SECRET SPACE: The Illuminati'sConquest of Space – Volume 1Written, produced & directed by ChrisEverard © The Enigma Channel &GBC/AIM, 2005 & 2006 (120mins)Availability: Via websiteshttp://www.SecretSpaceDVD.com andhttp://www.enigmatv.com/

This is a fast-moving, info-packed, two-hour documentary exposing the hidden

history of NASA, its links to a network ofsecret societies, and an agenda to controlspace. It includes: Nazis, the CIA andProject Paperclip; Werner von Braun; man-

made flying saucers of World War II;Hitler's secret weapons; David Icke, AleisterCrowley and the JATO rocket systems;occult names for the space shuttles; howNASA faked the Moon-landing photos;UFOs over America; MJ–12 and theManhattan Project; secret government; 33rd-degree masonic control of NASA; aliens; theSiberian Installation; alien abductions; "StarWars" deployments; and NASA's nuclearnightmare. A great DVD. Well done, ChrisEverard of Enigma TV!!

LIGHTSOURCE WITH HEMI-SYNC:A Sacred Geometry Experience Produced by Monroe Products, 2005Availability: LightSource, 18624 DowningRd, Kearney, MO 64060, USA, tel 1888716 9860, http://www.spiraloflight.com/,http://www.sacred-geometry.com

After watching the previous two DVDs,you're really going to need this DVD!

It is absolutely stunning, especially if youlike to watch the most inspirational of sacredgeometrical shapes and listen to Monroe'sHemi-Sync music/tones at the same time.

The DVD displays 13 of the world's mostauspicious and elementallypowerful geometricdesigns, including: Flowerof Life, Tree of Life withSeed of Life, Sri Yantra,Endless Knot, Torus,Golden Mean Spiral,Vesica Piscis, Harmonicsof Music and 13 Chakras,Metatron's Cube, SacredHeart, Dodecahedron andPentagonal Star, Ankhsand the Seed of Life, andthe Electromagnetic Field

of the Human Merkaba.Hemi-Sync is a patented audio guidance

technology, scientifically and clinicallyproven and refined, with over 40 years ofresearch behind it. Researchers learned thatspecific Hemi-Sync sound patterns couldlead the brain to various states ofconsciousness ranging from deep relaxationor sleep to expanded awareness and other"extraordinary" states. Put this on the bigscreen, sit back and prepare to blast off.

I rate this as "truly awesome"!

Compiled by Duncan Roads

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ONE WORLD, ONE KID by various artistsPutumayo, USA, 2005 (23mins)Distributors: Aust—MRA, tel (07) 38496020; UK—Putumayo, tel 07759600495; USA—Putumayo World Music,tel 800 955 9588, www.putumayo.com

In 2005, six-year-old Skyler Pia created amusic show to cheer up his friend Eric

who was ill with cancer. He did what mostkids his age only dream about: he hosted aradio show. Skyler's show features songsfrom around the world and informationabout the artists and cultures. His parentswere so proud of his work that they sharedhis recording with everyone, includingfriends of Putumayo's founder, Dan Storper,who loved it so much he released it as a spe-cially priced CD. Putumayo is donating pro-ceeds to the Make-A-Wish Foundation.

A VISIT TO ALI FARKA TOURE by Marc Huraux Digital Classics, 2005 (DVD, 63mins) Distributors: Aust—MRA; UK—DigitalClassics Ltd, tel +44 (0)20 7636 1400,website http://www.digitalclassics.co.uk

This is a musical trip to Ali Farka Touré'shome in Niafunké, Mali, where he

owned a large farm that helped make hishome town productive and provided localemployment. After making it on the worldscene, Ali Farka Touré had decided to focuson his origins and provide support for hisown people. The DVD contains documen-tary footage of his work and music. Touréwon Grammies for his Talking Timbuktualbum with Ry Cooder and In the Heart ofthe Moon with Toumani Diabaté (seeNEXUS 12/06). Very sadly, Touré died ofcancer in March 2006. He leaves behind asuperb collection of music. If you love Maliand Touré's music, find this DVD.

MUSICA PARA DESPUES DE ALMUERZO by Bitman & RobanNacional Records, USA, 2006 (34mins)Distributors: Aust—MRA; USA—Nacional Records, tel (818) 763 1397,http://www.nacionalrecords.com

One of Chile's newest musical groups,Bitman & Roban made their debut in the

USA with the new album Música ParaDespués de Almuerzo ("Music For AfterLunch"). It's a mix of electronic, funk, hip-hop, Latin and lounge music, with collabora-tions from several artists. They are led byJosé Antonio "Toto" Bravo (aka DJ Bitman),

Cristián Powditch (synthesisers), Roberto"Titae" Lindl (bass) and Adolfo "Kataix"Araus (piano). Very funky Latin.

HONORING by various artistsReal Music, 2005 (2CDs, 76mins)Distributors: Australia—New WorldMusic, tel (02) 9565 4522; Europe—MCC, tel +49 4102 898202; USA—RealMusic, tel (415) 331 8273, websitehttp://www.realmusic.com

For this double album, Real Music hascombined artists working with the sacred

sounds of ancient musical forms. Mantras,devotional song and instrumental melodiesto tune the heart and soul can be heard here.Among the virtuosos are Karunesh, whoseinstrumental work is sublime, Jeff Beal andNawang Khechog, who combine Tibetanstyles, sacred singer Deva Premal (NEXUS12/05), divine chanter Buedi Siebert, andJim Oliver with his powerful synthesis ofEast and West. The second CD contains a16-minute meditation.

BRAZILIAN LOUNGE by various artistsPutumayo, USA, 2006 (45mins)Distributors: Aust—MRA, tel (07) 38496020; UK—Putumayo; USA—PutumayoWorld Music, www.putumayo.com

The popular music of Brazil has had anenormous influence on global culture.

This new album from Putumayo, BrazilianLounge, features some of the finest newartists from the bossa nova, samba and soulfusion musical streams, and includes someclassics of the Brazilian sound. On the CDare the famously pedigreed Bebel Gilberto,Seu Jorge, whose music appeared in themovie City of God, Marcos Valle, whosebossa nova has been around since the 1960s,newcomer Luca Mundaca, and many more.Seductive music for slow grooving.

REVIEWSReviewed by Richard Giles

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In any case, there is no evidence thatBryant procured either of the weapons towhich the massacre has officially beenattributed.

No one has even been proven to have soldthe weapons to Bryant, and no theory existsthat would explain how he came by them ifhe did not buy them from gun dealers. Asimilar mystery surrounds the ammunitionused at Port Arthur.

Although Hobart gun dealer Terry Hilladmits to having sold Bryant three boxes ofWinchester XX 11⁄2-oz shotgun shells (codenumber X12XC) on 24 April 1996—fourdays before the massacre—this is notammunition which was used at Port Arthur.If Hill—or anyone else—sold Bryant theammunition that was recovered from thecrime scene, then Tasmania Police ought tohave been able to prove it. The fact thatthey have never traced the origin of theammunition (or, at least, have neverrevealed its origin to the public) surelymeans that it cannot be connected to Bryant.It is, after all, extremely hard to believe thatBryant, with an IQ so low that it would puthim in the bottom one or two per cent of the

population (as established by psychiatristIan Joblin in June 1996), could havemanaged his purchases of guns,ammunition and everything else involved inthe case so successfully that the police haveutterly failed to establish the origin of somuch as a single item. It is far easier tobelieve that the police simply do not wantus to learn who procured these deadly itemsand how.

Narratives of the Port Arthur massacrealso contain mention of other items whichallegedly belonged to Martin Bryant. Theseitems consist of a video camera and ayellow Volvo left at the PAHS tollgate,together with items found inside it: a full25-litre drum of petrol, a 10-litre drum ofpetrol containing seven litres, a grey videocamera bag, lengths of sash cord rope, twopairs of handcuffs and three packets ofLittle Lucifer fire starters. Not one iota ofproof has ever been provided to prove thatBryant owned any of these items (not eventhe Volvo, which could have been anidentical model to Bryant's, rather thanBryant's unique vehicle). What's more, noone is on record as having admitted toselling Bryant any of these items. AlthoughBryant could easily have purchased Little

Lucifer fire starters inconspicuously, it isunlikely that he could have bought largedrums of petrol or two pairs of handcuffswithout attracting attention.

Concerns about lack of evidenceagainst Bryant

The lack of evidence for the identificationof Martin Bryant as the Port Arthur shooteris a matter that should concern allAustralians today. Only a few determinedindividuals have been brave enough to raisethe matter in public. At a meeting of theAustralian and New Zealand ForensicScience Society held at Griffith Universityin Queensland in 2002, Ian McNiven raisedthe subject of the lack of forensic evidenceincriminating Martin Bryant.

The presenter, who was apparentlySergeant Gerard Dutton, of the BallisticsSection of Tasmania Police, grew angry andhad university security threaten McNivenand effectively evict him from the meeting.McNiven was not wrong to raise thequestion of the lack of hard evidenceagainst Bryant.

In an interview with the Bulletin of 4April 2006, Tony Rundle, who becamepremier of Tasmania six weeks before the

The Port Arthur Massacre: Was Martin Bryant Framed?

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massacre, effectively admits that theevidence in the public domain isinsufficient to support the officialdetermination that Bryant had been thegunman, except that he tries to explain thefact away:

"Rundle still wonders whether therecovery might have been hastened ifBryant had stood trial. At the time the viewwas a trial could do no good for the victimsand their families. 'Now I think maybe thatwasn't the case. If all the evidence washeard, then maybe it would have providedsome closure and stopped the proliferationof conspiracy theories that sprang up overthe years,' he says."

A question to Mr Rundle: given that agreat many Australians are sceptical of theclaim that Bryant was responsible for thePort Arthur tragedy, can it ever be too lateto release "all the evidence"?

If he is so concerned by the proliferationof "conspiracy theories", perhaps he shouldcontact Fiona Baker, executive producer ofthe popular TV program F o r e n s i cInvestigators, which deals precisely withthe subject of how the police use evidenceto identify suspects. So far, Baker has notdone a program on Port Arthur. I'm sure

she would be delighted to make herprogram a vehicle for the first publicpresentation of the evidence for whichAustralia has been waiting for 10 years. ∞

Continued next issue...

Author's Note :I wish to thank Mr Noel McDonald,author of A Presentation of the PortArthur Incident (2001), for his valuablework in scrutinising the case and, inparticular, for culling some extremelysignificant information from the witnessstatements. Most of the unattributedinformation in this article is sourced fromhis book.

— Carl Wernerhoff

References• Dutton, Gerard (Sgt) (Ballistics Section,Hobart Tasmania Police) et al., "A Reviewof the Wounding Effects of the Colt AR-15and FN-FAL Rifles used by Martin Bryant inthe Port Arthur Shooting Incident, April 26,1996, Tasmania, Australia", WoundBallistics Review 3(4) 1998. • McDonald, Noel, A Presentation of thePort Arthur Incident: Prelude to a RoyalCommission, 2001 (self-published book; a

separate CD-ROM with documents, videos

and pictures is also available).

• MacGregor, Andrew, "Deceit and

Terrorism: The Massacre at Port Arthur",

1991 (CD-ROM).

• Shooters News website,

http://www.shootersnews.addr.com/

(includes scans of police witness

statements).

• Vialls, Joe, Deadly Deception at PortArthur, Carine, Western Australia,

1997–1999 (self-published book); for

transcript, see http://home.overflow.net.au/

~nedwood/JoeVialls.html.

About the Author :Carl Wernerhoff is the pseudonym for a

Sydney-based conspiracy researcher with a

particular interest in the history of political

assassinations and orchestrated tragedies

such as the Port Arthur and Columbine

massacres. He has a PhD in History and

currently works as a teacher. He recently

released an e-book, What's Going On? ACritical Study of the Port Arthur Massacre. It

can be downloaded (free of charge) from

http://www.ourmedia.org/user/95839.

Carl Wernerhoff can be contacted by

email at [email protected].

The Port Arthur Massacre: Was Martin Bryant Framed?

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The radicals believe that the US activelyutilizes Turkish and Muslim elements...From Azerbaijan, radicals foresee astrategic penetration which wouldirrevocably split the Federation. USinfluence would be distributed to theformer Soviet Central Asian Republics, toChechnya and the other North CaucasusMuslim autonomous republics ofT[at]arstan and Bashkortostan. As a resultRussian territorial integrity would beirreparably compromised.54)

Yasenev also claims that, in the summerof 2004, the meta-group:

...started a project in the Near-VolgianFederal District to train cadres for [the]Volga-Urals chapter of the internationalextremist organization Hizb ut-Tahrir,banned by the Supreme Court of theRussian Federation in 2003. The project isfinanced by private philanthropicfoundations of the Arabic Emirates andSaudi Arabia.

In this context, we can further questionDunlop's assumption that the 1999 meeting

organised by Surikov in southern Francewas called to promote the intentions of theYeltsin "family". In the light of theYasenev essay, it is more likely to haveserved the purposes of militant Islam andthe drug traffic.

The portraits of Saidov's and Surikov'sconnections with al-Zawahiri, Erbakan andHizb ut-Tahrir con firm the criticisms bythe Indian analyst B. Raman and others thatAmerican studies of Islamist jihadism errin their restrictive focus on al-Qaeda.55

The full range of Islamic jihadism is farmore complex.

In my conclusion, I 'll return to thepossibility that the US government mayshare common goals with Hizb ut-Tahrirand the meta-group in Russia, even whilecombatting the Islamist terrorism of al-Qaeda in the Middle East and the West.

Continued next issue...

Editor's Note:We are unable to publish theaccompanying endnotes due to theirextensive nature and our lack of space.

This article has been abridged for a2006 colloquium presentation by Dr

Scott at the University of Melbourne.

A longer form of this essay, together

wi th endnotes, can be found at

h t t p : / / w w w . l o b s t e r - m a g a z i n e . c o . u k /

articles/global-drug.htm.

About the Author:Dr Peter Dale Scott, a former Canadian

diplomat, has written extensively on USforeign policy and the international

drug traffic.

He has recently completed a book

manuscript, The Road to 9/11: Wealth,Empire, and the Future of America. Hismost recently published book is D r u g s ,Oil, and War: The United States inAfghanistan, Colombia, and Indochina(Rowman & Littlefield, 2003).

For additional background, see "ABallad of Drugs and 9/11", F l a s h P o i n t,Spr ing 2006, at ht tp : //www.

flashpointmag.com/scott2 .htm. Dr

Scot t's art ic le "Al -Qaeda, US O i l

Companies and Cent ral Asia" waspublished in NEXUS 13/03.

For more details about Dr Scott and

his work, v is i t hi s websit e

http://www.peterdalescott.net.

The Far West Drug Meta-Group

78 • NEXUS www.nexusmagazine.com JUNE – JULY 2006

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P o s t s c r i p tOn 29 May 1998, Barry Goldwater passedaway in Phoenix, Arizona. Perhaps henow knows the secrets of that "secret area"at Wright–Patterson Air Force Base and isnow aware of other races among the stars.

About the Author: Clar k C. McClel land has beeninvolved in the study of a l ien l ifevisiting Earth since 1947.

He was Director of the NationalInvestigations Committee on AerialPhenomena (NICAP) a t CapeCanaveral and Kennedy Space Center(KSC), Florida, USA, for 12 years from1958 to 1970. He was Director of theMutual UFO Network (MUFON) Unitat KSC and Assistant State of FloridaDirector of MUFON for two yearsfrom 1990 to 1992.

McClel land was tra ined i nastronomy (advanced amateur) at theformer Buhl Planetarium, Pittsburgh,P A , and was a planetary observer(Mars, Jupiter, Moon, Venus, etc.) at

the Allegheny Observatory o f theUniversity of Pittsburgh under formerD i r e c t o r Dr Nicholas E. Wagman.His observations were published inSky and Telescope Magazine , T h eStrolling Astronomer Magazine (USA),in Japan, and in the science journal ofthe Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

McClelland joined the US SpaceProgram in 1958 and observed orassisted in launching 628 rockets andspace mis sions. He continues toobserve launches near his home inFlorida. During his time at KSC, heheld positions including SpaceCraftOperator (ScO) of the Space ShuttleFleet as well as Mission OperationsMonitor in the Launch Control Center.He was also an Aerospace Engineerand Technical Assistant to the NASAA p o l l o Program Manager during thelunar landing missions.

McClelland was the actual "X-Files"operative at the Cape and KSC duringhis years in the US Space Program.He was a member of an ONI unit atPatrick Air Force Base, south of CapeC a n a v e r a l .

Clark C. McClelland is currently

seeking a publisher for his book(s) T h eStargate Chronicle s: Sp il l ing theB e a n s ! (see below); go to

h t t p : / / w w w . s t a r g a t e - c h r o n i c l e s . c o m /book_proposal.html for more details.

McClelland can be contacted byemail at [email protected] or viah is websi te h ttp: / /www.stargate-

chronicles.com.

Author's Note:To potential publishers: I have been

writ ing my book(s ) The StargateChronicles: Spilling the Beans! for over16 years. The eyewitnessed accounts

cannot be duplicated by any otherUFO researcher. I have other incidents

to relate that will curl your hair!I am seeking a courageous publisher

in China, Japan, Australia, Europe, etc.Whatever nation publishes my bookwill have a bestsel l er for world

distribution. That success will createobvious interest of publishers in the

U S A .No other person on Earth can r e l e a s e

what I have experienced. No one!— Clark C. McClelland

A UFO Conversation with Senator Barry Goldwater

Continued from page 56

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