Biometrics & Forensics in Law Enforcement

Current & Evolving Technologies

John MearsSenior Fellow

Information Technology & Security SolutionsLockheed Martin IS&GS-Civil9221 Corporate Blvd.Rockville, MD, USA 20850+1-301-640-4433John.Mears@lmco.com

Canberra, AustraliaMarch 17, 2015

Copyright 2015 Lockheed Martin Corporation

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About Lockheed Martin Corporation

Aeronautics Missiles and Fire Control

Mission Systems & Training

Space SystemsInformation

Systems & Global Solutions

International

112,000 $45.4B

3

Biometrics & Forensics

Rapid DNAFingerprint

Capture Station

IDBook™

Mobile Capture

Station

2002 20102006

LADAR 3D

Face Capture

Enrollment

Kiosk

1998

LM Fingerprint

SDK (LMFSDK)

Multi-modal

Biometric System

LM AFIS

Data

Visualization

Surveillance

System

Fusion

Algorithm

Advanced Latent

Imaging

2014

Artificial

Nose

Identity as

a Service

Biometrics

System

Performance

ModelEnrollment

Model

Standoff

Biometric Imaging

IAFISNGI

2015

Genomic

Forensics

20 YEAR HISTORY OF RESEARCH AND DELIVERY

4

Next Generation Identification

$1B LAW ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM ON BUDGET, ON SCHEDULE, ON FUNCTION

40 COTS/Foss – 1.3M Lines code – 3000 servers – 1000 w/s – 220M records – 18,000 LE orgs – TMR = 99.6%

Advanced Technology Workstations

•Replace obsolete hardware

•Provide high resolution of biometrics

Increment 0

Advanced Fingerprint Identification Technology

• Identification Fingerprint Search Capability

•More accurate searches

•Better support for rolled/flat processing

Increment 1

RISC (Mobile) and Initial NGI Infrastructure

•Repository for Individuals of Special Concern (RISC)

•Rapid mobile searches

•RISC Web Services

Increment 2

Palms and Latents

• Investigative Palm Print search capabilities

•National Palm Print repository

•Latent Enhancements

•Unsolved Latent File cascaded searches

•Rapid DHS CBP response

Increment 3

Rap Back, Facial, Photo/SMT Search Capabilities

•Faster Response Times

•Facial and SMT searches

• IAFIS Functionality Replaced

•Verification

•Enhanced Interoperability

•Web Services

Increment 4

Iris Pilot

•Trade study report

•Conduct Iris Pilot based on trade study results

Increment 5

Technology Refreshment

Increment 6

Complete

2008 – 2010 2015

Complete Complete Complete CompleteIn

ProgressComplete

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Next Generation Systems

• Multi-modal, algorithm agnostic

• Will work with a multitude of different vendor

algorithms

• No need to be captive to any one vendor

• Immediate capability for fingerprints, facial

recognition, and iris

• Near-term capability for voice and transactional

DNA

• Scalable

• Expanded cloud performance modeling

• Transaction / component optimization

• Commercial off-the-shelf and open source

components

• Elastic

• Built-in elasticity concepts (e.g. bulk ingest)

• Dynamic coordination of server demand loads

among all tenants

• Implements biometric fusion

• Intra-modal, inter-modal

• Secure

• Data sharing in an authorised secure

government community cloud

• Data sharing and security protocols among

different users and agencies

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NEXT GENERATION LAW ENFORCEMENT

BIOMETRIC SYSTEM

IDENTIFICATION AS A SERVICE

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IDHaystack™ Portal for user interface

• Web service

• Application Interface

• Enhanced portal configurable

to a customer’s needs

Transaction/Search Management

• Routing and messaging to implement defined

operations, as needed to integrate COTS

• Plan for additional transaction paths for different

biometric solutions

ImageWare Biometric Engine

- Incorporates LM and strategic

partner

biometric algorithms

ImageWare “CloudID” components

- EBTS Server – data validation/extraction manages enrollment

- Document Server – biometrics (binary data) and associated metadata

- Identity Management Server –biographical (text) data for an identity

OPEN CONCEPT FOR IDENTIFICATION AS A SERVICE

MULTI-MODAL – CLOUD-BASED – BIO-AGNOSTIC – STANDARDS-BASED – INTEROPERABLE

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Optical Latent Print Imaging

EASES PROBLEM OF LOCATION AND ACQUISITION OF PRINTS

NON-CONTACT – REAL-TIME AFIS INPUT – FACILITATES FURTHER ANALYSIS – PORTABLE & LAB VERSIONS

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Scent DetectionSTATUS QUO

NEW INSIGHTS

END STATE

DOGS CAN RETURN TO BEING MAN’S BEST FRIEND

DRUGS – EXPLOSIVES – CONTRABAND – BODY ODOUR – DECAY

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Rapid DNA Analysis

Cheek

SwabDisposable

Cartridge

Results

90 MinutesMetric Traditional Lab Rapid DNA

Instruments 6 lab 1 desktop

Instrument costs Up to $2M $250K

Sample cost $100 - $1000 $100

Process time 1 day 90 minutes

Environment Laboratory Office / portable

Staffing 2 trained techs 1 non-tech

SHORTENING THE TIME TO CAPTURE OF VIOLENT CRIMINALS

POLICE STATION – CRIME SCENE – POLICE USE

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Genomic Forensics

ADVANCES IN GENOMICS CAN BE APPLIED TO LAW ENFORCEMENT

UNKNOWN DNA INPUT

GENOMIC PROFILE OUTPUT

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Next Generation Systems

Skin Luminesence

Biometric Biographic

Behavioral

Fingerprint

Palm Print

Foot Print

Face

Iris

DNA

Voice

ScentEEG/fMRI

Gait

Handwriting

Keystroke Dynamics

Tattoo

Ear Shape

Skin Pattern

EOGECG

EMG

Height

Hair Color

Eye Color

Address

Age

Weight

Driver License

School Records

Financial RecordsOnline Transactions

Cell Phone Records SSN

Travel Records Medical Records

Tax Records

Social Networking

Affiliations

Personal Network

Composition Style

On-Line Behavior

(Continuous

Authentication)

Can be Quantified,

Automated.

Hard to Reproduce

Publicly Discoverable,

Subject to

Synthesis

Can Be Publicly

Discoverable

Useful, but Difficult

to Capture, AnalyzeSource: Jim Loudermilk, Senior

Technologist, FBI HQ, with commentary and

additions by John Mears

EXPANDING MEANS OF IDENTIFICATION

OTHER EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES

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Next Generation Systems

• fMRI and EEG technologies

• More invasive

• Useful in intent / deception detection

• Video and image ingest, processing, and

analytics

• Ingest and crowd sourcing of video and images

• Image processing for facial recognition

• Video analytics for person and vehicle recognition

• Gait recognition

• Cardio-pulmonary profile

• Stand-off detection possible with radar

• Profiles are distinct in small groups

• Could be used in intent / deception detection

• Intelligence-based policing

• Correlation of social media, OSINT

• More sophisticated lawful intercepts

• Cyber-exploitation and offense

NEXT GENERATION LAW ENFORCEMENT

OTHER EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES