Newton Longville Conservation Area - Aylesbury Vale · The Conservation Area boundary at Newton...

Newton LongvilleConservation Area

Designated by the Council 29th November 2006following public consultation

New

ton Longville

Aerial photograph by UK Perspectives

NB Boundary on this photograph for illustrative purposes

Newton Longville Conservation Area

Newton LongvilleConservation Area

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St Faith’s Church

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTIONIntroduction ................................................................................................................................................ 1

CHAPTER 2 PLANNING POLICY Planning Policy .......................................................................................................................................... 2

CHAPTER 3 SUMMARYSummary .............................................................................................................. 3

CHAPTER 4 LOCATION AND CONTEXTLocation ........................................................................................................................................................ 4Context .......................................................................................................................................................... 5

CHAPTER 5 GENERAL CHARACTER AND PLAN FORMGeneral character and plan form ....................................................................................................... 6

CHAPTER 6 HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT AND FORMER USESOrigins ............................................................................................................................................................ 7Historic Development ............................................................................................................................ 8 Former Uses ................................................................................................................................................ 10

CHAPTER 7 ARCHAEOLOGY Archaeology ................................................................................................................................................. 12

CHAPTER 8 KEY VIEWS AND VISTASKey views and vistas ................................................................................................................................ 13

CHAPTER 9 OPEN SPACES AND TREESOpen spaces and trees .............................................................................................................................. 14

CHAPTER 10 PERMEABILITYPermeability .................................................................................................................................................. 15

CHAPTER 11 ALTERATIONS TO BOUNDARYAlterations to boundary ........................................................................................................................ 17

CHAPTER 12 DEFINITION OF IDENTITY AREASDefinition of Identity Areas ................................................................................................................. 18


© Aylesbury Vale District Council 2006

Designated by the Council on the 29th November 2006 following public consultation.Information contained in this report is correct at the time of compilation, Jan 2006

CHAPTER 13 VILLAGE MORPHOLOGYIdentity Area 1 ........................................................................................................................................... 19Identity Area 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 21

CHAPTER 14 ARCHITECTURAL FORM Identity Area 1 .......................................................................................................................................... 22Identity Area 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 23

CHAPTER 15 DETAILS AND MATERIALSRoofs .............................................................................................................................................................. 24Chimneys ..................................................................................................................................................... 25Walls ............................................................................................................................................................... 26Windows ...................................................................................................................................................... 28Doors ............................................................................................................................................................. 29Boundary treatment ............................................................................................................................... 30Surface treatment .................................................................................................................................... 32

CHAPTER 16 KEY BUILDINGSKey buildings ............................................................................................................................................. 33

CHAPTER 17 NEGATIVE FACTORS AND ENHANCEMENT OPPORTUNITIESNegative factors and enhancement opportunities ........................................ .......................... 35

CHAPTER 18 GLOSSARY OF TERMSGlossary of Terms .................................................................................................................................... 36

CHAPTER 19 GUIDANCE AND USEFUL INFORMATIONGuidance ...................................................................................................................................................... 39Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................. 39Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................ 40

APPENDIX I Map showing Conservation Area Boundary ................................................... 41

APPENDIX II Conservation Area constraints ................................................................................ 42

APPENDIX III Planning Policy ............................................................................................................. 43

APPENDIX IV Archaeology ................................................................................................................... 44

APPENDIX V Asset sheets


CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

A Conservation Area was designated at Newton Longville on 16th October 1991. TheConservation Area incorporates a relatively small area of the village centred on the junction ofWhaddon Road, Bletchley Road, Drayton Road and Stoke Road. The boundary includes anumber of key historic buildings, notably, St. Faith's Church, Newton Longville Manor House,the Old Rectory and St. Anne's Grange as well as clusters of historic development aroundChurch End and the village green.

Notwithstanding the requirement under The Planning (Listed Building and ConservationAreas) Act 1990 for the Local Planning Authority to review ‘from time to time1’ theConservation Areas within their boundaries, the need to review Newton Longville fifteen yearsafter the original designation has been prompted by the increased pressures being exerted uponit by the potential future growth of Milton Keynes.

The following appraisal identifies minor changes to the 1991 boundary2 and attempts toqualify those characteristics that make Newton Longville special and worthy of ConservationArea designation. It is acknowledged that this document cannot be completely comprehensiveand where buildings, features and spaces etc. have not been specifically identified, it should notbe assumed that they are of no significance.

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1 The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 Section 69.1a2 A map of the proposed Conservation Area is contained within Appendix I

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CHAPTER 2 - PLANNING POLICY

Section 69.1a of the Planning (Listed Building and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 places aduty on local planning authorities to determine which areas within their district are of 'specialarchitectural or historic interest the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserveor enhance'

3. Once identified these areas should be designated as Conservation Areas and

regularly reviewed. As part of the designation and review process it is important to produceup-to-date appraisal documents that support and justify designation and which can be used toinform planning decisions affecting Conservation Areas.

The principal purpose of Conservation Area designation is the official acknowledgement of thespecial character of an area. This will influence the way in which the Local Planning Authoritydeals with planning applications which may affect the area. Within Conservation Areas,permitted development rights are restricted, which means that applications for planningpermission will be required for certain types of work not normally needing consent. A list ofthe types of development that are controlled by Conservation Area designation is containedwithin Appendix II of this document. In Appendix III is a list of Planning Policies containedwithin Aylesbury Vale District Local Plan (January 2004) which relate to Conservation Areasand the management of the historic environment.

The process of public consultation adopted in the production of this document is laid out inthe Aylesbury Vale District’s Statement of Community Involvement, as adopted in October2006.

3 The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 Section 69.1a

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CHAPTER 3 - SUMMARY

The Conservation Area boundary at Newton Longville encloses a small area of historicbuildings within a much larger village significantly altered by modern development. TheConservation Area is important because it is the only part of two formerly separate areas ofhistoric development to have retained significant elements of its former character and cohesion.

Despite its size, the Conservation Area boundary containstwo areas of distinct identity. Enclosing the north-easternside of the village green is a collection of modestvernacular properties which form a mixture of one and ahalf to two storey semi-detached and detached buildings,situated towards the front of their plots. Historicallymany of these buildings housed local trades. Mainlyconverted to domestic use, several small businesses and apublic house still attract people to the green reinforcingits former role as the economic focus of the village.

In contrast, the properties located at the north-eastern end of Drayton Road are substantial in scale and setwithin sizeable grounds. They include Newton LongvilleManor House, the Old Rectory and Parsonage, St.Anne's Grange and the Village School. Not only dothese buildings provide visual landmarks, which help tocreate a strong sense of place, but they also represent thehigher status buildings within the architectural hierarchyof the village. This clearly demarcated juxtaposition ofvernacular and polite architecture in such a compact areais a key characteristic of the Conservation Area.

The former rural character of Newton Longville has to a largeextent been lost through the impact of more recent development. However, the mature trees,hedges and grass verges concentrated around the churchyard and grounds of Newton LongvilleManor still provide a connection with the wider rural landscape. This grouping of trees helpsto locate the Conservation Area in distant views of the village from the south-east and withinthe boundary their natural forms provide a contrast with the sharp outline of the buildings

Although not physically located at the centre of Newton Longville, the Conservation Area isperceived as the historic nucleus of the village. This small area contains the junction of four ofthe five arterial routes through the settlement and encloses the principal economic, social andreligious focuses to community life. In a village which has grown and changed substantiallyduring the last century the Conservation Area retains tangible connections with the past andpossesses a distinct identity and sense of place which makes it worthy of designation.

6-9 Church End

Manor House and barns

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CHAPTER 4 - LOCATION & CONTEXT

Location

Newton Longville is situated in the north of the Vale of Aylesbury approximately three milessouth-west of Bletchley and approximately a mile from the boundary of Milton Keynes4.Surrounding villages include Stoke Hammond to the south-east, Drayton Parslow to the south,Mursley to the south-west and Whaddon to the north-west.

The village sits on land which slopes gently from the south-west to north-east and within anundulating landscape of semi-rural farmland. The soils are a light clay consistency with deepstiff clay sub-soil intermixed with coarse sand.

4 The proposed expansion of Milton Keynes may affect the existing relationship and proximity between the boundaries of Milton Keynes and Newton Longville.

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Context

The Church End Conservation Area at Newton Longville is small in relation to the overall sizeof the village. It is situated towards the north-east of the village and focuses upon the junctionof Whaddon Road, Bletchley Road, Drayton Road and Stoke Road.

The settlement of Newton Longville developed from two separate areas of historicdevelopment; Westbrook End (also called Lower End) to the west and London End, ChurchEnd and Moor End to the east. During the latter half of the 20th century substantial moderndevelopment between Drayton Road and Westbrook End, and to the north of Whaddon Road,subsumed the former hamlets and created the settlement of Newton Longville as it exists today.

The expansion and development of the village that occurred during the latter half of the 20thcentury has changed the character of the village from a primarily agricultural community withlarge areas of internal farmland to a largely dormitory settlement. Census figures show that thepopulation of the parish of Newton Longville quadrupled between 1901 and 2001 from 424to approximately 1,850 and that the number of households rose from 90 in 1801 to 770 in2001.

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CHAPTER 5 - GENERAL CHARACTER AND PLAN FORM

Newton Longville is a large settlement characterised primarily by modern development. Thisdevelopment has taken a suburban form with modern housing laid out along cul-de-sacs oralternatively forming infill development between historic properties. The two historic areas ofdevelopment, Westbrook End (also called Lower End) to the west and Moor End, Church Endand London End to the east have, as a result of modern development, lost any sense of theirformer physical separation and much of their visual cohesion. Development during the 20thcentury has also resulted in the loss of the agricultural land originally situated between andwithin the hamlets. This has to a large extent resulted in the loss of the original open and ruralcharacter of the village and severed its formerly strong connection with the surroundingagricultural landscape.

The only surviving clues to the former open character of the settlement are the open spacesaround the church, manor, village green and to the rear of the former church school. Morerecent growth within the village has resulted in a relatively tightly developed form.

Roads play an important role in dictating the village's form, for although the village is wide-spread, it is nevertheless strongly contained by Bletchley Road, Whaddon Road, Drayton Roadand Westbrook End. The junction of the former three roads and Stoke Road is an importantnodal point within the village and the location of the Church End Conservation Area.

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Map showing impact of modern development upon Newton Longville

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CHAPTER 6 - HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT AND FORMER USES.

Origins

Newton Longville is an ancient settlement which probably originated as a number of individualfarmsteads which coalesced over time. The early origins of the settlement are reflected in theoriginal Anglo-Saxon name Newington which is assembled from the words 'new'5 and 'ing' meaningtribe or group and 'ton' meaning enclosure. Longville was added after the Norman Conquest whenWilliam the Conqueror gave the manor to Walter Giffard. He had founded an abbey of Santa Foy(St. Faith's) in the French village of Longueville-sur-Scie in Normandy.

After Walter Giffard's death in 1080, the manor passed to his son who was also called Walter. Heestablished a cluniac6 priory7 at Newton Longville circa 1150 which retained strong ties with hisfather's abbey of Santa Foy.

In 1414, the priory was sequested by Henry V and in 1442 it was granted by Henry VI to NewCollege Oxford for the notional annual rental of one red rose. In 1550 New College constructed amanor house on the site of the former priory using materials from the demolished ecclesiasticalbuildings. The manor remained the property of New College well into the 20th century.

5 The use of ‘new’ may also indicate a deliberate act of settlement planning or plantation in the late Saxon periodas found in the various ‘Newports’ and ‘Newtons’ across England and Wales. 6 Modelled on the abbey church of Cluny, near Lyon in France.7 It is likely that Newton Longeville Priory was in fact an ‘alien cell’ because it was never a ‘daughter house’ andobtained its monks directly from the Cluniac monastry at Longueville in France. There is no recorded evidence ofthere being more than one or two monks at Newton Longville and no evidence of the usual monastic buildings.

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Historic Development

Development along Westbrook End was very linear in form closely hugging the line of theroad. Clearly visible on the 1779 map are long thin plots extending back from the propertiesalong both sides of Westbrook End. These are thought to have been divisions of a much larger‘open field’ and were cultivated on a rotational system8. This type of field system is consideredto be very rare because it occurs at less than 1% frequency across the county. In NewtonLongville although more than half of the east - west plot boundaries recorded in 1779 havedisappeared through modern infill development, the western rear boundaries of the plots alongWestbrook End remain well defined. This clear western boundary to the village is veryimportant and should be respected.

In contrast, the 1779 parish plan and 1841 enclosure map clearly show that the arrangement ofbuildings around the village green and Church End have changed relatively little9. However,what is strikingly clear from the maps is that, in the past, the village green must have felt muchmore open with agricultural land extending north-westwards from Church End up to what isnow Fire Lane. At this time St. Faith's church would have been a prominent visual landmarkwithin the village, being clearly visible from the village green, Fire Lane, Paradise andpotentially Westbrook End.

8 This indicates that Westbrook End was established as a deliberate act of planned settlement after the creation ofthe open field system which would have occurred around the 10th century AD9 It is also worth noting that this part of the village, unlike Westbrook End and Moor End, shows no signs ofhaving being laid out over earlier open fields. This would indicate that this part of the village was established atan earlier date than Westbrook End and Moor End.

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The 1779 and 1841 maps show the linear form of development to either side of what is nowDrayton Road. Similar to Westbrook End, the buildings tended to be situated fairly close tothe road edge with long thin plots stretching back at right angles to the road. This form ofdevelopment is still recognisable on the 1923 OS map, but by 1971 only survives in part onthe south-eastern side of Drayton Road.

Parish Plan 1779 - Church End Enclosure map 1841 - Church End

Parish Plan 1779 - Drayton Road OS map 1923 - Drayton Road OS map 1971- Drayton Road

Maps reproduced with permission of Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies

Former Uses

Clearly evident from the 1779 to 1923 maps is the impact of farming upon the form ofNewton Longville. Up until the 19th century agriculture formed the economic mainstay of thecommunity and even well into the 20th century working farms and small holdings existedwithin the heart of the village. Historically fields and common land enveloped the settlementsand were interspersed between the cluster of buildings around Church End, Paradise and FireLane. The open field system was enclosed by Act of Parliament in 184110 which created theregular pattern of hedged fields seen today. By the 1970s development had heavily encroachedupon these areas of green space. Today virtually all the field strips within these areas havedisappeared and, as a result, the separate identities of the formerly distinct settlements ofWestbrook End to the west and London End, Church End and Moor End to the east havebeen lost, as has much of the villages' former rural character.

Historically the areas around the village green provided the religious and economic focus to thesettlement. The church, rectory, former school and manor house are located in this area andthe buildings that congregate around the green housed local trades including at various times abakers, cobblers, village shop and public houses. Until 1934 there was a blacksmiths located onthe village green to the south-east of the Red Lion public house on a site now occupied by thevillage twinning sign. Reputedly the building dated from the period of the construction of thechurch during the 12th century. Old photographs show that this timber frame and thatchbuilding was a focal feature within the village and helped to provide enclosure on the south-western side of the green.

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Map showing previous historic uses.

Historical data provided by BucksCounty Council ArchaeologicalUnit

10 This was one of the last acts of enclosure in Aylesbury Vale and the resulting 19th century landscape aroundNewton Longville remains largely intact today.

The 19th century heralded a change inthe local economy of NewtonLongville. As well as the essentialvillage trades, local cottage industriesalso flourished in the village. Womenwere employed in making lace until the1890s when cheap imports from theFar East began to flood the market.Women also plaited straw for the hatindustry in the Midlands. However, farmore significant for local employmentand the built character of the area wasthe establishment in the 1840s of abrick-making yard on the western sideof the Bletchley Road, known locally as'Brickyard Hill.'

The brick yard was acquired by the Read family in the 1890s, a prominent Baptist family andlocal philanthropists. Early production was un-mechanised; the clay was extracted at a shallowdepth using shovels and picks and the bricks were hand moulded and fired in a Scotch kiln. In1907 Mr. Read went into partnership with a Mr. Richard Andrews and the firm was renamed'Read and Andrews.' A Mr. Lamb joined the firm in 1919 and the name was changed in 1923to 'The Bletchley Brick Company.' After this date clay was mechanically excavated at a deeperlevel from the lower Oxford clay belt. The properties of this clay combined with the use ofmore efficient Hoffman kilns meant brick production increased dramatically. In 1929 TheBletchley Brick Company was bought by The London Brick Company. Four years later theworks expanded to the eastern side of Bletchley Road. By the end of the 1930s, the brickyardemployed around 400 people. The success of the brickworks declined during the 1970s anddespite resurgence in production during the 1980s, the decision was taken in 1990 to close thebrickworks with the loss of 350 jobs.

Running to the north-west of the village is the former Oxford to Bletchley railway line. TheGreat London and North Western Railway Company constructed the railway during themiddle of the 19th century prior to the success of the local brickworks and at a time when thevillage was in decline. For these reasons it was decided not to construct a station at NewtonLongville, but at Swanbourne11 approximately 3 miles to the south-west of the village.Nevertheless, the railway did have an impact upon the local economy since labourers fromNewton Longville were employed on the construction of the line. The railway was closed in1994 after a significant reduction in train services using the line.

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19th century cottages located on Bletchley Road built for workers at the Brickyard

OS map 1971 showing the Brickworks

11 Ironically, today Swanbourne is a smaller village than Newton Longville and has experienced much less growth.

CHAPTER 7 - ARCHAEOLOGY

The parish of Newton Longvillehas produced a few prehistoricfinds and more substantialevidence of Roman settlementfrom the fields around thevillage. By the medieval periodsettlement had coalesced in thearea around St. Faith's church,which was almost certainly theoriginal village core and can beexpected to containarchaeological evidence for lateSaxon and medieval occupation.

The areas of St. Faith's Churchand the Manor House have beenidentified as an "archaeologicalnotification area" because of thepotential for remains associatedwith the priory.

Also of archaeological interestare the village's lesser latemedieval buildings, of which fiveare known (two within theConservation Area and three in Westbrook End) andmore may remain to be discovered where earlystructures have been hidden behind later facades andalterations.

Outside the Conservation Area, small-scale archaeological recording on the construction ofhouses along Westbrook End confirm that it was settled from the 13th century. To thesouthwest of the village lay an enigmatic mound known as Hangman's Hill, which was sadlybulldozed in 1971. Archaeological investigations confirm historical references to its use forgallows up to the 17th century, but also suggest that it may have originated as a small mottecastle around the 12th century and may later have been used as a windmill mound. Also withthe fields beyond the village are fragmentary remains of ridge and furrow from the medievalopen fields.

Contained within Appendix IV of this document is a map showing archaeological finds andplanning notification areas in the vicinity of Newton Longville derived from the County Sitesand Monuments Records. Development proposals affecting sites of potential archaeologicalinterest (whether below grounds remains or standing structures) will need to be assessed anddetermined in accordance with national and local planning and policy guidance.

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Aerial photograph of Newton Longville 1999

CHAPTER 8 - KEY VIEWS AND VISTAS

Views into and out of the historic cores of Newton Longville changed significantly during thelatter half of the 20th century with the development of the village. Modern housing hasenveloped the area around the village green, Drayton Road and Westbrook End with the effectthat formerly extensive views into these areas have been enclosed or destroyed. Distant viewsof the Conservation Area are limited and only visible from the area to the south-east of NewtonLongville and south-west of Stoke Road.

Views out of the Conservation Area are also limited although, due to the elevated position ofthe village, long distance views of the rural landscape to the south-east of Newton Longville arevisible from the village green. New development has restricted views within the historic core ofthe village and this has resulted in the formerly strong connection between the built and naturalenvironment being severed. Today there is limited evidence of Newton Longville’s previousrural character.

Most views within the ConservationArea focus upon or are truncated bybuildings. St. Faith's church is themost visually prominent buildingand is an important landmark withinthe village. Significant views of thechurch are gained from WhaddonRoad and Church End. Othervisually prominent buildings includeSt. Anne's Grange and the OldParsonage and Old Rectory locatedon the eastern side of DraytonRoad.

Within the Conservation Area there are also a number ofglimpsed views between buildings or across boundaries.These views have a more intimate and private character andinclude views from Drayton Road across the grounds of theManor to the Manor building and between St. Anne'sGrange and The Old Rectory to the trees located alongtheir rear boundaries. This latter view provides an attractivebackdrop to the buildings and forms a connection betweenthe built environment and the adjacent rural landscape.

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1a

6

10a

10b

Charnwood

14

1

16

4

The Rectory

The Old Parsonage& Old Rectory

St Anne’s Grange

12

N

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

GG

Key views and vistas

View looking east from the churchyard

Glimpsed viewsG

V View to specific object / landmark

Vista



C

CHAPTER 9 - OPEN SPACES AND TREES

Aerial photographs show that the only significant areas of public open spaces within the village envelope are concentrated around St. Faith's church and the village green. Here the boundary hedges, wide grass banks, verges and trees provide a soft edge to the street and hark back to the former rural character of the village.

Aerial photographs also reveal a concentration of trees around St. Faith's church and Newton Longville Manor. The trees within the environs of the church, village green and manor have been highlighted on the green space map as being particularly important because of the positive contribution they make to the streetscape12. These trees help to emphasise the historic core of the village as well as providing an attractive foreground and backdrop to views of individual buildings. In distant views of the village from the south-east, it is possible to locate the spire of St. Faith's church because it is surrounded by trees against a skyline otherwise fairly devoid of vegetation. The statuesque organic forms of these trees provide a strong visual contrast with the hard edges of the adjacent buildings as well as a connection with the wider rural landscape.

14


Map of Conservation Area showing extent of greenery

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PARADISE

Hall

Church

Lych Gate

POPH

War Meml

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END

Pond

Manor House

Cemetery

Newton

Church

GP

THE SLADE

STOKE ROAD

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AYTO

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OAD

HADDONROAD

11a

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St Faith's

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BAYTR

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ELA

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8

STFAITH'S

CLOSE

6

8

15

HOME FARM

2

Hall

2

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10

8

3

9

2

1a

6

10a

10b

Charnwood

14

1

16

4

The Rectory


St Anne’s Grange

12

N

T.P.O.’s (Tree Preservation Orders)

Other important trees / groups of trees

Important green spaces

Important hedges that provideenclosure or firm village edge



C

Aerial photograph of Conservation Area 1999

12 Conservation Area designation extends protection to all trees with stems measuring more than 75mm in diameter at a height of 1.5 metres above ground. Where trees have had a Tree Preservation Order (TPO) placed onthem, this is usually in response to a perceived threat, and it should not be interpreted that trees withinConservation Areas that are not subject to TPO’s are of no significance.

15

CHAPTER 10 - PERMEABILITY

The five arterial roads that runthrough and around NewtonLongville, Whaddon Road,Westbrook End, Drayton Road,Bletchley Road and Stoke Roadprovide a strong interconnectingframework from which all othersecondary routes and footpathsflow. The village green is thenodal point of the village wherefour of these five primary routes(Whaddon Road, Bletchley Road,Drayton Road and Stoke Road)converge at a busy junction.Despite the preponderance of cul-de-sacs within the village,permeability is achieved throughthe various narrow footpaths thatconnect these dead-ends to oneanother and to the principal routesthrough the village. There areseveral examples of survivinghistoric footpaths, notably a pathwhich links Bletchley Road andChurch End, and a partiallycomplete route that used toconnect Westbrook End with St.Faith's church.

The 1779 parish plan shows thatthe line of Drayton Road hasaltered since the 18th century.Previously the main DraytonParslow to Stoke Road ranparallel to, but south-east of, theline of the current road. Theroad that has subsequentlybecome Drayton Road formed,during the 18th century, aconnection between the villagegreen and the Drayton Parslowto Stoke Road. At some pointbetween 1779 and 1841 the roadarrangement changed and theDrayton Parslow to Stoke Roadwas realigned through the village.The section of the former roadwhich had run along the rear boundaries of the properties


Primary Routes

Footpaths

Secondary Routes

Boundary of Conservation Area

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ET

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YR

OA

D

WHADDONROAD

WE

ST

BR

OO

KE

ND

Newton

STOKEROAD

DRAYTO

N

RO

AD

2

Longville

BAYTREE

CLO

SE

4850

2310



N

C

Parish Plan 1779 showing original road layouts

Map showing roads and footpaths through village

Map reproduced with permission of Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies

16

of the current Drayton Road became redundant. Nevertheless, a number of the historicproperties along the south-eastern side of Drayton Road still present their principalelevations away from the road frontage and towards the direction of the former road.

Between 1779 and 1841 the current course of Bletchley Road, which runs north-eastwardsfrom the village green, was established. The 1779 parish map shows that a short section ofroad did run north-eastwards from the green, but terminated at an area of free or commonland at the boundary of the village. Access to the Bletchley Road was at this time gainedfrom Whaddon Road via a small road13 which ran to the north-west of Fire Lane beforeturning eastwards to join Bletchley Road.


13 This road no longer exists.

17

CHAPTER 11 - ALTERATIONS TO BOUNDARIES

The existing Conservation Area in Newton Longville incorporates a relatively small area of thevillage and is centred on the village green and junction of Whaddon Road, Bletchley Road,Drayton Road and Stoke Road.

It is proposed that this boundary is extended north-eastwards to include the grade II listed nos.8 and 11, Bletchley Road. These 16th and 17th century timber-frame cottages are surroundedby later development. Their form and appearance is consistent with historic properties withinthe Conservation Area and they are the last visual evidence of the historic core of the villagefrom the north-east.

It is proposed that the Conservation Area is extended south-westwards to include the treed area to the south-west of St.Faith's Close and the Old School. This building is nowredundant, but was constructed in 1902 to replace an earlierschool building on the same site. This rather attractive butpoorly neglected building retains many of its originalfeatures. Historically this building would have provided akey focus to village life and had strong connections with thechurch and Old Rectory.

It is proposed that the modern 12, Whaddon Road and the rear gardens of 6 and 7, St. Faith'sClose are removed from the Conservation Area.


The Old School

Areas to be included

Areas to be excluded



C

BLE

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HLE

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OA

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RE

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OU

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PARADISE

Hall

Pond

Church

Lych Gate

PH

War Meml

TCB

CH

UR

CH

END

Pond

Manor House

Cemetery

Newton

GP

THE SLADE

STOKE ROAD

107.5m

DR

AYTO

NR

OAD

WHADDONROAD

Stoke RoadFarm

13

11a

11

9a

97

1

2

4

8

6

10

1

4

4a

6

31

35

32

12

10

1

4

3

11

87

3

1

10

13

12

17

1

2

5

7

9

1011

15

1

11

Longville

St Faith's

18

BAYTR

EECLO

SE

39

21

11

1

FIR

ELA

NE

1

8

STFAITH'S

CLOSE

6

8

15

HOME FARM

2

The OldSchool

2

12

10

8

3

9

16

2

1a

6

10a

10b

Charnwood

14

1

16

4

The Rectory


St Anne’s Grange

12

N

14 The following principles have been applied in defining the boundary:-b Wherever possible the boundary follows features on the ground which are clearly visible, for example walls,

hedges, building frontages. This is to minimise confusion.b Where there are important buildings, the boundary includes their curtilage. This is due to the fact that the

setting of a building can be important and also to ensure that the Conservation Area is not eroded if land issold or sub-divided.

b Where landscape features such as a row of trees or an important hedge defines a boundary, then theConservation Area status is assumed to apply to features on both sides of the boundary. It is not therefore necessary to define the width of a hedge or the span of a tree.

Map showing changes to boundary

18

CHAPTER 12 - DEFINITION OF IDENTITY AREAS

The boundary of the Church EndConservation Area contains twoareas of contrasting character.Firstly the cluster of historicdevelopment of a primaryvernacular character focused uponthe village green, and secondly, themore substantial buildings setwithin large plots at the north-eastern end of Drayton Roadincluding the local landmarkbuildings of St. Faith’s Church, theOld Rectory, Old Parsonage,Newton Longville Manor and St.Anne's Grange.

For the purposes of this appraisal,these distinctive areas have beensubdivided into identity areas 1 & 2and will be analysed individuallyand then compared.


1

2

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PARADISE

Hall

Pond

Church

Lych Gate

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War Meml

TCB

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UR

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END

Pond

Manor House

Cemetry

Newton

GP

THE SLADE

STOKE ROAD

107.5m

DR

AYTO

NR

OAD

WHADDONROAD

Stoke Road

Farm

13

11a

11

9a

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3

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1

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Longville

St Faith's

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39

21

11

1

FIR

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NE

1

8

STFAITH'S

CLOSE

6

81

5

HOME FARM

2

The OldSchool

2

12

10

8

3

9

16

2

1a

6

10a

10b

Charnwood

14

1

16

4

The Rectory

St Anne’s Grange

12

Pon

Pond

N

Map showing Identity Areas

19

CHAPTER 13 - VILLAGE MORPHOLOGY

Identity Area 1

The village green functions as the primary public space within Newton Longville. It is roughlyrectangular in shape and is formed from the widening of the south-eastern end of WhaddonRoad. Like many village greens it is an important nodal point and is associated with thejunction of four primary roads through the settlement. It is also the terminus of Paradise aminor road and an historic footpath that cuts between 5 and 6, Church End and leads throughto Bletchley Road. These narrow and enclosed vehicular and pedestrian routes provide a strongvisual contrast with the openness of the village green into which they feed.

The village green is contained along its north-eastern and north-western boundaries bybuildings. Those on the north-eastern edge of the green are relatively densely organisedcomprising of a mixture of small terraced and detached properties. In the main, properties here

are situated towards thefront of their plots eitherhard up to the pavementedge or slightly backfrom it behind brickboundary walls, withprivate gardensextending to the rear atright angles to the road.The plots range in widthbetween 4.5m and 22m,although the average iscloser to10m.

Although there are anumber of examples ofbuildings orientatedgable on to the street,the majority areorientated so that theirridge lines run parallel tothe carriageway.

Properties nos. 6 to 9, Church End areunusual because they are looselyorganised in a courtyard arrangement,set back from the road behind a lowbrick wall. A number of buildings,including 10 and 17, Church End andthe Red Lion public house, have noland associated with their properties.

The buildings on the north-eastern side of the green create a strong edge and sense of enclosurewhich is further compounded by the relationship of these buildings to the small island ofhistoric development to the south-west, containing the Red Lion public house15. This island ofbuildings runs parallel to the north-eastern boundary of the green, and although the buildings


15 This form of island of encroachment development typically suggests the location of a market. Often temporarymarket stalls became permanent buildings over the course of time infilling areas of village greens or townsquares. However no evidence of a market in Newton Longville has been found.

Newton

LongvilleB

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EY

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PARADISE

Hall

Church

Lych Gate

PH

War Meml

TCB

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END

WHADDON ROADPon

Manor House

Cemetry

GP

STOKE ROAD2

1

4

4a

6

10

13

12

17

1

2

5

7910

11

15

1

11

St Faith's

18

BAYTR

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39

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11

1

8

6

8

15

HOME FARM

22

12

10

3

9

2

1a

6

10a

10b

Charnwood

14

1

16

4

Identity Area 1- showing organisation of space

Loss of enclosure

Trees providing enclosure

Conservation Area Boundary

Extent of former open space around village green

Strong building line providing enclosure

Indicating rise in ground level

Hedge & railings providing enclosure

20

primarily face towards the church, the effect is to create ashort isolated stretch of narrow street. Historically thisdense grouping of buildings would have been much morevisually prominent contrasting with the larger and morewidely dispersed properties situated along Fire Lane andParadise, which early maps show formed part of the openspace of the green prior to modern infill development during the late 20th century.

The south-western boundary of the green is formed not by buildings, but by the boundaries ofSt. Faith's church, Newton Longville Manor and the cemetery. Raised banks topped withhedges and railings, wide grass verges and trees border these areas and form a soft organic edgeto the green.

The south-eastern boundary of the green is less clearly defined. The sense of contained publicspace begins to dissipate around the road junction and is further compounded by the fallingground levels and emerging long distant views of the countryside to the south-east.


Drawing showing narrow street invillage green

Identity Area 2

Drayton Road runs in a north-eastern to south-western direction from the south-eastern end ofthe village green. Properties in this part of the Conservation Area sit within substantial privategrounds. On the south-eastern side of the road, St. Anne's Grange and the Old Rectory arefairly centrally positioned towards the front of their plots with private land to the sides andrear stretching south-eastwards down the hill at right angles to the road.

Newton Longville Manor is set some distance back from the north-western side of DraytonRoad within substantial grounds. The plot is irregular in shape; however its width at the pointwhere it fronts onto Drayton Road is approximately 49m, comparable to the 45m and 56mfrontages of the properties opposite. The north-western boundary of the Manor and that ofthe adjacent cemetery, continues the organic form of the south-western side of the village greenand churchyard with raised banks, hedging and trees providing definition.

In contrast the south-easternside of Drayton Road isdefined by brick walls whichcreate a dramatic boundaryand a hard edge to the street.The walls are an architecturalstatement that provides astrong sense of enclosure,clearly defining the boundariesbetween public and privatespace.

Beyond the boundary of theConservation Area, DraytonRoad continues south-westwards. The buildingsalong the north-western sideof the road are set somedistance back from the roadedge behind wide grass verges.This section of Drayton Roadhas an open and engineeredfeel.

21


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Church

Lych Gate

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War Meml

TCB

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END

Pond

Manor House

Cemetry

Newton

The OldSchool

GP

THE SLADE

STOKE ROAD

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AD

AD

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St Faith's

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CLOSE

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2

8

3

2

1a

6

10a1

The Rectory

St Anne’s Grange

12

Identity Area 2 - showing organisation of space

Loss of enclosure

Trees providing enclosure

Conservation Area Boundary

Visually important boundary

Strong building line providing enclosure

Indicating rise in ground level

Hedge & railings providing enclosure

CHAPTER 14 - ARCHITECTURAL FORM

Built form within Newton Longville is quite eclectic ranging fromsimple vernacular cottages to larger farmhouses and examples ofmore substantial polite architecture. Although buildings range indate from the medieval period through to the present day, thefluctuating economic fortunes of the village saw periods of moreintense development. There are a number of surviving buildingswith medieval origins16 which reflect the agricultural prosperity ofthe community during this period. There are also a number ofproperties dating from the mid to late 19th century when thebrickyards were established to the north-east of the village.However, the majority of the buildings at Newton Longville datefrom the 20th century when development pressures changed thecharacter of Newton Longville from a small agriculturalcommunity to a large commuter village.

Although the more historic structures within Newton Longvillehave, due to large-scale modern development, lost much of theirrural context, there remain a number of examples of former farmhouses, which allude to thehistoric importance of agriculture to the economy of the village. These buildings are primarilydetached and set within relatively large plots, sometimes with associated ancillary buildings.Buildings range in height between one and a half and two storeys and are generally 3 to 4 baysin length. Many of the buildings are timber framed with steeply pitched thatched roofs.

A number of utilitarian buildings associated with agriculture also survive. The majority havebeen converted to dwellings or are used as ancillary buildings to domestic dwellings. Examplesinclude the 10a and 10b, Church End, which were former stables, the barn between 2 and 3,Church End and the more substantial thatched barns at the Manor.

Identity Area 1

Historic development around the village greenhas a distinctive character. Buildings here arearranged more densely than elsewhere within thevillage. The majority are orientated towards thevillage green and provide enclosure. Althoughthere is a mixture of detached and semi-detachedbuildings, all are vernacular in character andrelatively modest in scale and form. Themajority of the buildings are rectangular in planalthough many have later extensions to the rear. All are between one and a half and twostoreys with ridge heights ranging between approximately 5 to 8 metres although the averageheight is just less than 7 metres. Gable widths are generally narrow between 4 and 5.5 metres,and roof pitches vary between approximately 30° and 55°, according to the roofing material.Building elevations are constructed of brick or brick and timber and a number are painted.Fenestration details are fairly regular with strong solid to void ratios.

22


16 Several of which contain cruck frames.

Narrow gable widths

Hollybush Farm

Manor House Barns

Identity Area 2

The buildings at the north-eastern end of Drayton Road aresubstantial in scale. Each is a listed building, significant not onlyfor their age and architectural character, but also theircontribution to the street scene. The buildings differ greatly inappearance and are linked by their scale and physical presencewithin the street.

A detailed description of these buildings is contained withinchapter 15 and Appendix IV of this document.

23


The Old Parsonage & Old Rectory

CHAPTER 15 - DETAILS AND MATERIALS

Roofs

The majority of the older, timber-framed properties in Newton Longville are roofed in thatch.The roofs of these properties are generally gabled or half-hipped in form with steep pitches ofapproximately 55°17. In a number of cases the thatching material has been changed from thelocally traditional long-straw or combed wheat reed to water reed. This change of materialresults in the loss of the typically soft rounded outlines of long-straw and combed wheat reedroofs to the much sharper clipped appearance of water reed.

Traditionally the ridges of thatched roof would have been flush with the roof plane. However,many of the thatched roofs of Newton Longville have been changed over time to moredecorative block cut ridges associated with water reed and not traditional to either long-strawor combed wheat reed roofs.

A number of the historic properties within the village have shallow pitched roofs covered inslate. The steeper pitch of the Newton Longville Manor House is covered in traditional plainclay tiles, but their use elsewhere in the village is limited. Unfortunately a number oftraditional roofing materials have been replaced with modern alternatives including artificialslates and machine made tiles. This has resulted in significant and detrimental changes to thevisual character and outline of roofs within the village.

24


17 Roofs of non-thatched historic properties are generally gabled or half-hipped in form.

Artificial slate Slate Corrugated Machine tiles

Water Reed Buckingham Hybrid

Straw


Chimneys

Chimneys are an important element of the roofscape. They articulate rooflines, create anarchitectural rhythm and provide the opportunity for further decorative expression. There areexamples of gable end, mid ridge and external stacks within the village. Gable end stacks act asa full stop to roofs, mid ridge chimneys interrupt the roofline providing interest and varietyand external stacks are architectural statements by virtue of their scale and visual impact. Thereare a number of examples of 19th century properties, where dentillated brickwork has beenused to ornament chimneys.

25

Gable Stacks

Ridge Stacks External Stack


Walls

Timber

With the exception of St. Faith's church, the historic buildings within Newton Longville areconstructed from timber framing, or brick, or a combination of both. Timber was theprincipal building material until the mid 19th century when the opening of a local brickyardheralded brick as the dominant building material.

Although the majority of timber-framed properties in the village are constructed in a simplesquare panel form, a number of cruck constructed buildings survive. This form of constructionutilises paired curved timbers joined by a tie or collar beam which rise from ground level to theapex of the roof. In the majority of cases the cruck frames have been altered or hidden fromexternal view beneath render and paintwork.

The majority of the timber-framed properties within the village sit upon rubble stone plinthsand have brick infill panels. In many cases the brick panels have been rendered and paintedcreating a strong visual contrast between the painted surface and blackened timber elements.

26

Timber-framed with modernbrick infill

Timber-framed with braces andpainted / and or rendered infill

panels


Brickwork

Brick became a popular construction material in Newton Longville after the mid 19th centurywhen the local brickyard was established just to the north of the village along Bletchley Road.The bricks produced at the local brickworks were initially made by hand, moulded in woodenframes and wire cut. This created fairly uniform shaped bricks with some striations on theirsurfaces. The bricks range in colour from a reddish brown to an orangey brown.

The majority of the bricks used in the construction of historic buildings in Newton Longvilleare laid in a Flemish bond. There are however examples of buildings where the brickwork doesnot conform to a conventional bond such as 1, Church End. There are also examples wheremore than one bond has been used on a single building such as 3, Church End where bricksare laid in a Flemish bond for the main building, but the external chimney on the gableelevation is laid in English Bond. The majority of the brick boundary walls in the village arelaid in a Flemish garden-wall (Sussex) bond.

Particularly characteristic to Newton Longville is the use of brick to create decorative detailing.At the Old Parsonage brickwork laid in a Flemish bond with vitrified headers results in achequered pattern to the entire wall surface. More subtle examples of decorative work includethe preponderance of dentilated brickwork under cornices at eaves level and on chimneys,decorative stringcourses where bricks have been laid diagonally exposing one corner to achievea dogtooth pattern and diamond pattern diaper work within the apexes of the gables of 1 and10, Church End.

Brickwork is also used to emphasise particular architectural features such as the ground floorgable window at 6, Church End where the segmental arch, cill and sides of the windowopening are picked out in orange bricks.

A number of brick buildings within the village have been rendered and/or painted.

27

Flemish Bond English Bond Flemish &English Bond

Random brickwork

Flemish Bond laidin a chequered

pattern

Dentilated brick eaves String course Diaper brickwork


Windows

Unfortunately there are relatively few examples of historic properties within the ConservationArea that have retained their original fenestration. The majority of the properties have replacedtheir historic windows with UPVc and double glazed units fitted into original openings. Thishas significantly altered the appearance of many of the historic properties within the village,most notably around the village green.

There are examples of casement (including fixed light and opening light metal casements) andsash windows within the village18. The fenestration details of properties vary, but generallybuildings with elevations post 19th century are articulated with relatively regular fenestrationpatterns, those pre 19th century tend to be more irregular. Historic openings are relativelysmall in comparison to the wall surface creating a strong solid to void ratio. Where originalopenings survive they reveal that the majority of historic windows sit slightly recessed from thewall plane beneath timber lintels or segmental brick arches.

Many of the thatched or previously thatched historic properties have dormer windows. Thesetend to be eyebrow dormers at eaves level, although where the roof is thatched in water reed,the edges around the dormer are very sharp. There are some examples of inverted dormers,notably in the thatched roof of St. Anne's Grange, these are not traditional in form. Examplesof dormers within non-thatched historic properties are limited.

28

Wrought iron window

Modern gable dormer

Eyebrow dormer informer thatched

roof

Modern inverteddormer in

thatched roof

Eyebrow dormers in thatchedroofs

Leaded light window

Wooden sash window

Modern UPVcwindow

18 There is also an example of a 16th century stone mullion window at Newton Longville Manor, but this is aform of window type found nowhere else within the village.


Doors

Very few examples of historic doors exist within the village Conservation Area. The majorityof properties have replaced historic doors and door surrounds with modern wooden or UPVcalternatives. A particularly attractive and visually prominent example of a 19th century sixpanel door with fan light and original door surround survives at 1, Church End. The doorsurround consists of an architrave, pilasters and console brackets supporting a flat canopy.Other less ornate examples of door surrounds include 7, Church End and 10, Whaddon Road.

29

19th century doorand doorway

Modern porch19th century doorways with 20th century doors


Boundary treatment

The majority of property boundaries within the Conservation Area are defined by brick walls.These walls range in height from approximately a metre to over two metres along the boundaryof the Old Parsonage and Rectory. Walls tend to be constructed in orangey/red brick19 similarto the buildings within the village and laid in Flemish garden-wall (Sussex) bond, capped withhalf round bricks or tiles. The low wall in front of nos. 6 to 9, Church End is unusual becauseit has a decorative stringcourse where bricks have been laid diagonally exposing one corner toachieve a dogtooth pattern. This is a decorative detail found on some brick buildings withinthe Conservation Area.

Other characteristic forms of boundary treatment in the Conservation Area are metal estaterailings or wooden post and rail fencing set against hedgerows. This soft, organic boundarytreatment contrasts with the hard edges created by brick walls and runs along the boundary ofthe church and Newton Longville Manor.

There are examples of both decorative metal and wooden entrance gates found in theConservation Area.

3019 Part of the north-eastern boundary of Newton Longville Manor is constructed in white/buff coloured brickswhich are uncharacteristic to this area.

BLE

TC

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CLO

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PARADISE

Hall

Pond

Church

Lych Gate

PH

War Meml

TCB

CH

UR

CH

END

Pond

Manor House

Cemetery

Newton

GP

THE SLADE

STOKE ROAD

107.5m

DR

AYTO

NR

OAD

ADDONROAD

Stoke RoadFarm

13

11a

11

9a

97

1

2

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8

6

10

1

4

4a

6

31

35

32

12

10

1

3

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87

110

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17

1

2

5

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1011

15

1

11

Longville

St Faith's

18

BAYTR

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SE

39

2

11

1

FIR

ELA

NE

1

8

STFAITH'S

CLOSE

6

8

15

HOME FARM

2

The OldSchool

2

12

10

8

3

9

16

2

1a

6

10a

10b

Charnwood

14

1

16

4

The Rectory


St Anne’s Grange

12

N



C

Examples of important hedges that provide enclosure or firm village edge

Examples of visually important boundaries

Boundary of Conservation Area

Map showing significant boundaries


31

Modern brick wall withdecorative brickworkand half round coping

Brick walls with tile copings

Metal estate railing

Metal and wooden gates

Wooden fences


Surface treatment

There are no examples of surviving historic surfaces within the Conservation Area. Streets andpavements are covered in tarmacadam although stone kerbs survive around Church End andthe village green.

32

Stone kerbs Concrete kerbs


CHAPTER 16 - KEY BUILDINGS

A table of all the listed buildings and local note buildings20 within the Conservation Areas atNewton Longville are contained within Appendix V of this document. However, a number ofkey historic buildings deserve particular mention by virtue of the visual and historiccontribution they make to the Conservation Area.

St. Faith's Church

Situated at the north-eastern end of the village adjacent to thevillage green, the church of St. Faith of Acquitaine wasfounded in the 12th century. It formed part of an alien prioryestablished by Walter Giffard with close links to the cluniacabbey of Santa Foy (St. Faith's) in the French village ofLongueville-sur-Scie in Normandy.

St. Faith's is the only building constructed entirely of rubblestone within the village. The nave is 12th century, the chancel,north chapel and aisles 14th century and the west tower and north and south porches 15thcentury.

St. Faith's forms the visual and religious focus to the village. Prominently located on raisedground, surrounded by trees and greenery, the church forms the focus to views whenapproaching the village green from the south-west along Whaddon Road and from ChurchEnd.

Newton Longville Manor House

In 1414, the alien priory at Newton Longville was sequestedby Henry V and in 1442 it was granted by Henry VI to NewCollege Oxford. In 1550 New College constructed a manorhouse on the site of the former priory using materials fromthe demolished ecclesiastical buildings. The manor andattached 17th or early 18th century timber and thatched barnsare situated to the south-west of the church, away from thevillage green and Drayton Road and within substantialgrounds enclosed by hedges and trees. This attractive buildingis constructed from red brick with diaper work in blue headers with stone quoins and rubbleplinth. Although not visually prominent from the public domain, the manor is neverthelesssignificant in terms of its surviving architectural detailing and historical importance as theprincipal domestic building within the village.

St. Anne's Grange

St. Anne's Grange is a large timber frame buildingprominently located at the north-eastern end of DraytonRoad. It forms a key visual element in the street by virtue ofits size, position towards the front of its plot and large expanseof thatched roof. Although the history of the building isunclear, it is believed to date from the late 16th or early 17thcentury and is partly constructed of medieval materialssalvaged from the demolition of the priory.

3320 Local note buildings are buildings that are not listed but contribute positively to the character of theConservation Area.


The Old Parsonage and Old Rectory

Adjacent to St. Anne's Grange is the Old Parsonage andattached Old Rectory. The Old Rectory is an imposing threestorey, flat roofed building dated 1830. The classicallyinfluenced red brick elevations are divided into three bays andarticulated with tripartite sashes. This rather austere buildingcreates a strong visual impact by virtue of its scale and positionclose to the south-eastern boundary of Drayton Road, and isalso significant because in form and character it is unlike any other property within the village.

Attached to the north-western elevation of the Old Rectory is the rather more diminutive 18thcentury Old Vicarage. This two storey building is constructed of vitreous brick with red brickdressings and with its later alterations and extensions to the south is altogether more haphazardin its form than its neighbour.

34



C

Listed buildings

Local note buildings

Key historic buildings

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Lych Gate

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Manor House

Cemetery

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St Anne’s Grange

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CHAPTER 17 - NEGATIVE FACTORS AND ENHANCEMENT OPPORTUNITIES

Aylesbury Vale District Council intends to develop a Management Strategy for all theConservation Areas within the District. This document will set out short, mid and long-termobjectives for the successful management of the historic environment.

Shown on the map below are a number of enhancement opportunities specific to NewtonLongville.


35

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St Anne’s Grange

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Exposed bins

Street furniture

Overhead wires

Parish noticeboard

Road signs

Impact of traffic &Parking

All surfaces in theConservation Area



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36

CHAPTER 18 - GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Aisles Part of a church. Running parallel to the nave (main body of the church) and usually separated from it by arcades or colonnades.

Apex The highest point of a structure.Arcade A series of arches carried by columns, piers or pilasters.Architrave A moulding detail or frame surrounding windows, doors, panels or niches.Battlemented A parapet which has raised sections (called merlons) alternating between gaps or

spaces (called crenelles).Bays Regular visual or structural divisions within the design of a building.Bond The pattern in which bricks or masonry are arranged within a wall.Cambered A shallow curveCanopy A covering or hood above a door or window.Casement window A metal, timber or plastic frame in which the opening lights are hung on hinges

rather than sliding sashes or pivot hung.Chancel The eastern part of a church containing the choir and sanctuary.Cills A horizontal piece of timber, or metal or a course of bricks or stone, forming

the bottom of a window or door opening.Collar beam A horizontal timber running across the roof span, at any point below the ridge

and above the wall plate, which connects a pair of rafters.Colonnade A row of columns with an entablature above.Combed wheat reed Form of thatch using cereal straw (usually wheat). Produced by passing the

straw through a reed comber which removes the grain, but does not crush the stem. Grouped in bundles with the stems laid in the same direction.

Console brackets An S shaped bracket or corbel used to support elements above it, e.g. a cornice.Corbel A projecting or cantilevered block supporting elements above it.Cornice A moulded projection on top of an entablature, moulding, wall or opening.Cruck frames A pair of curved timbers which rise from ground level or the top of a wall to

join together at the apex of the roof.Cul-de-sac A dead-end street, alley or passage. Curtilage The land contained within the boundary of a propertyCusped A point formed at the junction of two curves or arches.Decorated Period of English medieval architecture dating from late 13th c to second half of

14th c.Dentilated brickwork Effect created by the projection of alternate headers to create a tooth-like

pattern.Diaper work Pattern created by the use of different coloured or vitrified bricks.Dogtooth pattern Pattern created by bricks laid diagonally to expose one corner creating a

serrated effect.Doric One of the five Classical OrdersDormer windows A window inserted vertically into a sloping roof with its own roof and sides.Dressed A surface finish e.g. planed timber, worked masonry.Eaves The bottom edge of a roof slope which overhangs the wall face.Ecclesiastical Term relating to the Christian ChurchElevations The face of a building.Enclosure Map A form of land subdivision where small strip fields were amalgamated to form

larger fields which were in turn enclosed. Up until 1750 this was a piecemeal process. Between 1750 - 1850 Enclosure Acts of Parliament made the practice widespread and changed the face of the countryside. An Enclosure map is a map showing the field divisions.

English Bond Pattern created by bricks being laid in alternate courses of headers and stretchers.


Entablature In Classical architecture, the section above the columns containing architrave, frieze and cornice.

Eyebrow dormer Where the roofing material (thatch) has been swept over the dormer in a continuation of the roof form.

Fan lights Any glazed opening above a doorway.Fenestration The arrangement of windows in an elevation.Flemish bond Pattern created by bricks being laid in alternate headers and stretchers.Flemish Garden-wall Pattern created by bricks where three stretchers are laid between each header.bond Also called Sussex BondFrieze In Classical architecture, the section between the cornice and architrave of an

entablature, sometimes decorated with patterns of figurative sculpture.Gable The end wall of a building.Gauged brick Precise brickwork, bricks laid with tight mortar joints.Headers A brick or stone where the longest dimension is positioned at right angles to

the surface of the wall.Hipped gable A roof that slopes on all three sides at the gable.Infill panels Section of wall between timber frames. Usually infilled with lath and plaster

(inter-woven strips of timber which are plastered) or bricks.Joists Parallel timbers, laid horizontally onto which a floor is laid or a ceiling fixed.Kerb A stone or block at the edge of a footpath which divides it from the

carriageway.Lintels A horizontal beam spanning an opening which supports the wall above.Long straw Form of thatch using cereal straw (usually wheat, though sometimes rye).

Length of stem usually more than 80cms and grouped into loose bundles withstems laid in different directions.

Mesolithic Period between about 12,000 and 3,000 BCOrder The detailing of a column in accordance with one of the Five Orders of

Classical architecture i.e. Doric, Tuscan, Ionic, Corinthian and Composite.Palaeolithic Period between approximately 2.5 to 3 million years ago and 12,000 B.C.Parapet A low wall along a roof, balcony or terrace.Pilaster Similar to a column, but rectangular and attached to a wall. Pitch The slope of a roof.Plain clay tiles The common clay, roofing tile.Plan The layout of a building Plinth The bottom section of a building designed to suggest that the building is

sitting on a platform.Plot The land occupied by a building and its grounds.Polite architecture This term implies that aesthetics and architectural fashion have consciously

been given consideration above functional requirements in the design of a building.

Quoins The corner of a building emphasised with raised brick or stonework laid in a pattern.

Rafters An inclined timber forming the sides of a roof. Render The finish of a surface with stucco, plaster etc.Ridge line The uppermost horizontal line of a roof, situated at the apex of the rafters.Roughcast Rough textured render.Rubble Rough and random sized un-worked stone.Segmental arch An arch which is formed from part of a circle but which is less that a semi-

circle.Sequested Term meaning tempoarily removing a property from the possession of its

owner.Solid to void ratio The ratio of areas of walls to areas of windows and doors

37


Stacks Chimneys.Stretchers A brick or stone laid with its longest dimension parallel to the face of the wall.Stringcourse A horizontal band of moulding, usually located between storeys on a building.Terrace A row of adjoining houses, usually similar in appearance.Tie beam A horizontal timber connecting a pair of principal rafters designed to prevent

the roof spreading.Timber-framed This term implies that the main structure of the building is formed from

timber. Tracery Decorative pattern created by interconnecting elements of windows, screens,

panels or vaults etc.Tripartite Divided into threeTrusses Timber frames which support the roof, normally equally spaced along the

length of the building. Tympana Name given to the space beween a lintel and an arch above a lintel.Urban Morphology Urban morphology is the analysis of the layout and form of places.Vernacular Traditional local building designs and techniques typically using locally

sourced materials.Vitrified Bricks with a glazed finish typically darker in colour. Wall-plate Horizontal timber at the top of a wall to which are attached joists, rafters and

roof trusses.Water reed (Phragmites australis) wetland plant used for thatching roofs. Traditionally its

use was confined to Norfolk, the Fens and small areas along the south coast. Its use is now widespread and most water reed is sourced from abroad.

Windbraces A timber within a timber frame, used to strengthen the structure against the wind. Usually forming an arch or diagonal.

38


39

CHAPTER 19 - GUIDANCE AND USEFUL INFORMATION

Guidance

b English Heritage & Planning Advisory Service, DCMS, Guidance on the Management ofConservation Areas, 2006.

b English Heritage & Planning Advisory Service, Guidance on Conservation Area Appraisals, 2006.

b HMSO, Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, Chapter 9.

b Department of the Environment, Planning Policy Guidance (PPG15), Planning and the HistoricEnvironment.

b Aylesbury Vale District Council, Advisory Guide, Conservation Areas June 2003.

b Aylesbury Vale District Council, Advisory Guide, Listed Buildings, July 2003.

b Aylesbury Vale District Council, Advisory Guide, Building Materials, January 16th 1995.

b Aylesbury Vale District Council, Advisory Guide, The Conversion of Traditional Farm Buildings,July 18th 1990.

b Aylesbury Vale District Council, Advisory Guide, 5a Thatching 30th August 2000.

Bibliography

b English Heritage & Planning Advisory Service, DCMS, Guidance on the Management ofConservation Areas, 2006.

b English Heritage & Planning Advisory Service, Guidance on Conservation Area Appraisals, 2006.

b HMSO, Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, Chapter 9.

b Department of the Environment, Planning Policy Guidance (PPG15), Planning and the HistoricEnvironment.

b AVDC, Newton Longville Conservation Area, October 1991.

b Royal Commission Buckinghamshire, Vol. 2, 1911.

b Victoria History of the County of Buckinghamshire, Vol.4, Dawsons of Pall Mall

b Pevsner, Nikolaus and Williamson, Elizabeth, The Buildings of England, Buckinghamshire,Penguin. 2000.

b Martin, Roger, Bates, Jimmy, 'A Pictorial History of Newton Longville, 1995.

b Tylor, John A. Newton Longville, A Glance at Times Gone By.

b Newton Longville Jubilee Committee, Newton Longville Golden Jubilee Commemorative Brochure,2002.


40

b Young, F J L, Twigs on a Branch of the Young Family Tree, Fredrick J.L.Young, 1999.

b Newton Longville 1150 AD and Thereafter, A Guide to the Parish Church, Newton LongvilleRectory. 1964.

Acknowledgements

The residents of Newton Longville

Newton Longville Parish Council

Buckinghamshire County Council Archaeological Unit

Buckinghamshire County Council, Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies

Chris Barber


41

Appendix I Map showing boundary of Conservation Area



CBoundary of Conservation Area

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BLE

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PARADISE

Hall

Pond

Church

Lych Gate

PH

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END

Pond

Manor House

Cemetery

Newton

GP

THE SLADE

STOKE ROAD

107.5m

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WHADDONROAD

Stoke RoadFarm

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St Anne’s Grange

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Features on the boundary are included in the conservation area

This map was accurate at the time of compilation in January 2006


42

Appendix II Conservation Area Constraints

Below is a list of the types of development that are controlled by Conservation Areadesignation, and therefore require planning permission or Conservation Area Consent. Thislist is not exhaustive.

b Demolition of all and in some cases part, of any building or structure.

b An extension that exceeds 50 cubic metres or 10% of the volume of the original house as it wasfirst built or as it stood on 1st July 1948.

b Cladding any part of the outside of a building with materials such as stone, artificial stone,timber, plastic or tile.

b Any addition or alteration to the shape of a roof, such as the addition of a dormer window.

b An extension or alteration to any structure within the grounds of a building, with a cubiccontent greater than 10 cubic metres, such as a garden shed.

Positioning a satellite dish on a wall, roof or chimney that faces a road or public space.

b Tighter advertisement controls

b Trees within Conservation Areas with stem diameters of 75mm or greater, measured 1.5 metresabove the ground are protected. Anyone wishing to work on such trees must normally give sixweeks written notice to the Local Authority. Replacement planting duties may apply.

Designating a Conservation Area does not remove or diminish other legislation that may applywithin an area, including Listed Building protection, protection for Ancient Monuments andTree Preservation Orders.

For further information please contact the Conservation Areas Officer at Aylesbury ValeDistrict Council on (01296) 585748


Appendix III Planning Policy

Below is a list of Planning Policies contained within Aylesbury Vale District Council's LocalPlan, Part 1 (January 2004), relating to the management of Conservation Areas and the widerbuilt historic environment.

GP.34 New development and local distinctiveness

GP.35 Design of new development proposals

GP.36 Efficient use of land

GP.37 Density of new development

GP.38 Landscaping of new development proposals

GP.39 Existing trees and hedgerows

GP.40 Retention of existing trees and hedgerows

GP.41 Minimising light pollution

GP.42 Design of advertisements

GP.43 Advertisements in Areas of Special Control

GP.44 Removal of unsafe or unattractive advertisements

GP.45 'Secured by Design' considerations

GP.46 Supplementary Planning Guidance

GP.47 Changes of Use to listed buildings

GP.48 Extensions and alterations to listed buildings

GP.49 Total demolition of listed buildings

GP.50 Partial demolition of listed buildings

GP.51 Setting of listed buildings

GP.52 Long distance views of churches and listed buildings

GP.53 New development in and adjacent to Conservation Areas

GP.54 Car parking and traffic generation in Conservation Areas

GP.55 Demolition in Conservation Areas

GP.56 Trees in Conservation Areas

GP.57 Advertisements in Conservation Areas

GP.58 Development and Scheduled Ancient Monuments

GP.59 Preservation of archaeological remains

GP.60 Development of Parks or Gardens of Special Historic Interest43


Appendix IV Archaeological Finds

Below is a map showing the location of archaeological finds and Planning notification areas inthe vicinity of Newton Longville derived from the County sites and Monuments Record(SMR). The SMR is regularly updated with new information which will need to be consideredin assessing future development proposals.

1. Possible medieval spindle-whorl.2. Site of fifteenth to sixteenth century timber-framed dovecote3. Medieval pottery4. Seventeenth century well or cistern

Seventeenth century trackway Twelfth to seventeenth century pottery

5. Seventeenth century knife handle6. Medieval trackway and medieval pits7. Medieval pottery8. Medieval metalwork

Mesolithic flints9. Seventeenth century pottery

44


10. Medieval trackway Medieval potteryRoman potteryRoman or medieval metalwork

11. Medieval ditched enclosurePossible medieval building

12. Medieval pottery13. Twelfth to fifteenth century records of Cluniac cell in priory14. Three possible medieval fishponds15. Seventeenth century house foundations

Seventeenth century pottery Seventeenth century trackwaySeventeenth century wall and hearthRemains of medieval houseMedieval potteryTwo medieval and one seventeenth century pitThirteenth century potteryPossible Palaeolithic handaxe

16. Mound which may have been constructed as a motte, but in later centuries has been used a windmill site, gallows and cemetery

17. Possible medieval house platform Medieval pottery

18. Possible medieval house platformTwo Mesolithic flints

19. Medieval house platforms20. Medieval pottery and tile and eighteenth century pottery21. Parchmark and wall foundation of possible further building or buildings of post-

medieval date 22. Nineteenth century map notes a small field barn

45

Asset sheets of Listed and Local Note BuildingsListed Buildings Appendix V

Heritage Asset No Name of structure/site Type / Date Status Description and assessment of significance

1 St Faith's Church 12th century parish church Grade I

Parish church. 12th century nave, 14th century chancel and aisles. 15th century west tower and north and south porches (restored in 1881) Constructed of coursed rubble stone with dressed stone for tower. Roof is lead with battlemented ironstone parapets to tower and nave. Mixture of window types,including 15th century 2-light cusped window at west end and 15th century decorated windows to aisles.

2 Manor House 16th century Manor House Grade II

Red brick manor house with diapering with blue headers, moulded stone and brick plinth and stone quoins. 20th century tiled roof and external brick chimney stacks with stone quoins. H-plan and two and a half storeys. A number of historic windows and doors. Interior has 16th century stone fireplace and 17th century staircase.

3 Manor House barns 17th century -early 18th century barns Grade II

Timber-framed and weatherboarded on blackened brick plinth. Half-hipped thatched roof. Larger barn is two storeys and two bays. Braced tie beam, queen struts and large curved windbraces in roof. Lower barn of one bay set back to left is similar but slightly later.

4 St Anne's Grange, Drayton Road Late C16 or early C17 Grade II

Whitewashed and roughcast timber-framed building with curved wind-braces in roof. Thatched with brick chimneys to centre and to east side. Two storeys with attic and 20th century extensions. Irregular modern windows. Internally has 15th century moulded beams and dressed stone fireplace. Short section of garden wall attached to north-east corner constructed from re-used fragments of medieval ecclesiastical masonry including a two-light traceried window.

5 The Old Parsonage, Drayton Road Late C18 Old Parsonage Grade II

The Old Parsonage is 18th century, constructed of vitreous brick with red brick dressings, band course and slate roof. Later extensions to south. Interior has fragments of timber-framing with cambered moulded tie beam in first floor room and 18th century staircase.

6 The Old Rectory and Flat, Drayton Road Early 19th century, Rectory Grade II

Dated 1830, constructed of red brick with plain parapets and pantile roof. Three storeys with classically inspired elevations. South-east elevation hastripartite sashes, those to ground floor with segmental arches with panelled tympana, and those to upper floors with guaged brick heads. Centralised double doored entrance has arched glazed panels and panelled tympanum below 20th century segmental hood on Doric columns what were formerly inside the house. South-western elevation has 19th century conservatory.

7 9, Church End House. C17 timber-framed cottage Grade II

Much altered in the 20th century. Timber-frame construction with brick infill panel. Thatched roof with central brick chimney stack. One and a half storeys in height, two bay principal elevation. Irregularly positioned ground floor windows and three-light window to first floor in thatch. Porch to left is 20th century.

8 11, Church End Small house. C15 altered cottage Grade II

Timber frame construction with three cruck trusses (two incomplete) hidden beneath whitewashed render. One and a half storeys in height, two bay principal elevation. Mixture of two and three light 20th century casements with gabled semi-dormers to first floor. 20th century pantile roof.

9 8, Bletchley Road House C16 and C17 timber-frame cottage Grade II

Timber-framed building with whitewashed brick and plaster infills. One and a half storeys with steeply pitched asbestos slate roof (originally thatched) with re-built brick chimney to left of right-hand bay.

10 11, Bletchley Road Cottage. C17 timber-frame Grade II

Timber-framed cottage with rectangular panels of 20th century brick infill. Thatched roof with central brick stack. One and a half storeys and two bays with irregular 20th century leaded casements.

Local note buildings

11 1, Church End 19th century brick cottage N/A

Attractive brick building with decorative diaper brickwork, dentilated brick course at eaves level and stringcourse. Surviving 19th century door and doorway.

12 2, Church End 18th century brick building with some timber-framing N/A

Constructed c.1750 in brick with some timber-framing. Formerly a public house called The Three Horseshoes, now a private residence with a small outbuilding to the right which houses a butchers shop.

13 3, Church End Brick cottage with 19th century principal elevation N/A

Two storey brick cottage positioned gable onto the street. Prominent in views looking north. Constructed in Flemish bond with English bond external gable stacks. Dentilated bricks at eaves, shallow pitch slate roof and 20th century windows. Central window at first floor level is blocked.

14 6, Church End Small brick and thatched cottage N/A

Small, attractive cottage constructed of brick and thatched prominently positioned gable onto the street. Unknown age.

15 7, Church End Rendered two storey cottage with slate roof N/A

Semi-detached whitewahed brick building set back from the street behind 6, Church End. Two storeys with shallow pitch plate roof and brick end stacks. Modern casements and attractive entrance doorway.

16 10, Church End Late 18th or early 19th century brick building N/A

Former cobblers, this two storey, narrow gable brick building has attractive decorative brickwork including diaper pattern in gable end, dentilated eaves and decorative brick string course.

17 10a & 10b, Church End Late 18th or early 19th century brick buildings N/A

Located to the rear of 10, Church End, this building was formerly a stable, but has been converted to two dwellings.

18 10, Whaddon Road 19th century brick cottage N/A

Simple 19th century brick building situated prominently on the Whaddon Road opposite the church. Attractive balanced principal elevation retaining a number of original features.

19 The Old School, St. Faith's Hall

Early 20th century brick school N/A

Built in 1902 on the site of the original village school. Although redundant for a number of years, the building retains many of its original features

New

ton

Long

ville

Department of Environment & Planning

AYLESBURY VALE DISTRICT COUNCIL

66 High Street Aylesbury Bucks HP20 1SD

Tel: (01296) 585439 Fax: (01296) 398665

Minicom: (01296) 585055

www.aylesburyvaledc.gov.uk

Large print document availablecall (01296) 545454

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