News TODAY

2012

By

Diego Cáceres

Kathleen Alfaro

Esteban Monge

News TODAY

2

News

Paralympics

Homework

Limiting Beliefs

How to Get Longevity

Catching Attention While Writing the News

Animal Intelligence

Content

Paralympics ................................................................................................................................ 3-4

Homework ..................................................................................................................................... 5

Limiting Beliefs .............................................................................................................................. 6

How to Get Longevity .................................................................................................................... 7

Catching Attention While Writing the News ................................................................................. 8

Animal Intelligence ................................................................................................................... 9-10

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Paralympics

By Esteban Monge

The Paralympics games is one the

most bravest and courageous events, started

with Dr. Ludwig Guttmann neurologist and

German neurosurgeon, of Jewish origin

working in Breslau Jewish Hospital,

serving the soldiers of World War II, until

he had to flee to England in 1939, he was

working in the hospital with spinal injuries

in the city of Stoke Mandeville, England.

Guttmann initially sought psychological

well-being and good use of free time patient

of war, and then realized that sport has a

positive effect on the neuromuscular system

and assisted in the reintegration of the

individual in society. There is also a

discipline that is the most popular in the

Paralympic games, that is athletics.

The great success of the sport was

to increase the number of competitors each

year, and therefore it was necessary to

regulate and adapt to the wheelchair, in

those early years as a sports practiced, shot

put, throwing sticks, throwing discs,

sprinting, basketball, swimming, fencing,

table tennis, weightlifting, bowling, archery

bows and pentathlon.

Paralympic sport has become worldwide

and over time it has become a special place

in the hearts of the public who wonder

when observing the agility, strength and

precision of athletes with special abilities,

demonstrated quality and courage displayed

in the matches in many parts of the world.

The most popular sport in the

Olympic Games is also in the Paralympics.

Athletics is the most emblematic sport and

Paralympic compete in it all kinds of

disabilities, being the sport that more tests

and competitors have, since competitors are

divided according to their disabilities and

subdivided into classes according to their

ability functional for sport. Running tests

include all tests except fences test,

obstacles, hammer throw and pole vault.

There are competitions in a wheelchair,

there are athletes who run, jump or throw

with their prostheses; totally blind compete

with his guide, his arms bound with a rope,

while the rest of the handicapped, cerebral

palsy, visually impaired or intellectual

disabilities who do not require technical

aids participate normally in virtually the

same evidence of the Olympic program.

Wheelchairs and prosthetics that

athletes use are specially designed for

racing, with lightweight materials and high

technology applied. The guides that

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accompany the blind can never exceed the

blind, to which they are attached by a rope,

but they cannot be left behind, so you have

to have a high competitive level, similar to

that of his company.

The wheelchair race began in 1952 in Stoke

Mandeville, competitions among disabled

veterans of World War II, and where was

the standard distance of 60m, as this was

the existing asphalt that separated the

hospital instead of helicopter landings.

Athletics became a Paralympic sport in the

Paralympic Games in Rome in 1960.

At the end, we can see why

Paralympics games are very followed by a

lot of people, including the courageous

participation of the athletes, combined with

technology that some of the athletes display

when using their wheelchairs or prosthetics

to compete in the disciplines, we can

conclude that humans always can exceed

their capacities, even if they have some type

of physic incapacity.

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Homework

By Diego Caceres

Homework is extra work out

of class that the teacher assigns

students to perform in a given period,

with default training and academic

goals. They help the student practice

what he saw in class or performing

activities which by their nature cannot

be done in the classroom and also to

develop their creative skills and

critical judgment when making study

or research practices.

Tasks are considered as a positive experience that encourages students to learn. They

will provide multiple benefits. First, we have seen that the more time students spend on task, the

higher the academic performance in school, and academics will benefit as they move to higher

grades.

Specifically, in the field learning a

task is help them review, practice and

integrate lessons learned view and to

prepare for the next day's class. Students

learn to use the resources available to them,

such as libraries, reference books,

dictionaries, encyclopedias, Internet, to

develop the skills necessary to investigate,

such as locate, organize and condense the

information, and finally to investigate the

matter further than the time allowed during

class.

But the benefits of the tasks extend beyond the school. They allow instilling in

important students’ habits and attitudes: the ability to work on their own, autonomy and

independence, a sense of responsibility for learning, self-discipline and time management, the

development of the initiative and enthusiasm for studies.

In conclusion, serves to improve student´s performance in

school, learn to learn, study habits and forms of personal and

collective work, and helps to overcome his learning problems and be

more responsible as adults.

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Limiting Beliefs

By Kathleen Alfaro

The world is full of people, people with

different ideas, different religions,

different hobbies. We are all different

people living together trying to understand

each other’s actions. There is no easy way

to know in what we are perfect at all, but

it is very important to try looking for your

skills and abilities to do a perfect match

with others in this world.

But there is a big mistake in humans’ minds named limiting beliefs, those who want us

to stop fighting for the world. Limiting beliefs are all those ideas from ourselves or from others

that make us blind and do not let us see the reality.

One of the most common ways of limiting beliefs

is those which come from our family, friends, neighbors,

classmates and teachers that unconsciously make us believe

that we are not able to do something. However, most of the

time, we are not able to do this special task just because our

mind has the idea that we cannot, but also because we do

not try.

Also, another manner of limiting beliefs (and I

think this is more powerful than the first one) is the one

that we create to ourselves. Those ideas that we introduce

into our minds, making us think how unsuccessful we are

with a special task.

But there is no any other solution than to break up with that kind of chain of bad ideas,

and think that we have special skills for each activity in the world, and that we are also a perfect

complement for all others. It is important to have in mind that we cannot give up easily, and it

will be better if you try at least twice than to not try at all.

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How to Get Longevity

By Diego Caceres

Many people would like to live

longer to enjoy this life and spend more time

with loved ones. There are many ways to

extend the life and one of them is to be a

positive person, to eat healthy and perform

physical exercise or a sport which often

helps to have a healthy health and therefore a

longer life.

Positive thinking extends life. People who are

optimistic about the aging process live longer than the

ones who complain all the time about their future.

Laughing and thinking optimistically has a role in the

proper functioning of the human body. A positive

attitude will add more years to life than just not

smoking or exercising regularly.

Good nutrition and health helps aging more

slowly. Moderation in food and consuming fewer calories

than recommended helps to have a longer life. The diet

should include foods with antioxidants, fruits and colorful

vegetables and whole grains. Prefer fish over meat

consumption.

Make physical exercise according to age: walking, climbing

stairs, do simple exercises, golf, yoga practice consistent with age,

etc. This helps improve the sense of well-being and almost all health

indicators, especially those related to a longer life.

In conclusion, a healthy life is a longer life if you have

healthy habits, like eating healthy, making exercise and having a

positive mindset. That will help you to live better and longer.

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Catching Attention While Writing the News

By Kathleen Alfaro

Since newspapers appeared many years ago, reporters had been involved in serious

challenges. They need to have excellent results in their reports but this cannot be possible

without excellent techniques that reporters have to include into their daily tools. There are Six

important keys for the creation of a report and combined with written skills, could change a

news report into an excellent and attractive story. These keys are called “The five w´s and the

h”.

For the two initial keys

we have “what” and “who”. The

what gives the reader the general

idea of the topic. Second, there

is the “who”, because without it,

we can know who is the new

about, the main character or

maybe the famous person the

reporter is writing about.

For catching the reader´s

attention even more, and for

making the story enter into the

audience’s mind, there are two

other important tools we could put

into practice. “Where” as the third

“w”, helps to give the general idea of where the news occurs. However, “where” will not be as

complete as wanted without the fourth “w”: “when”. With the full address of the news, the

reader has a better and more complete idea of time when the event occurred.

Even if the major part of the notice is covered, there are some other important aspects

that are not taken into account and could be helpful to understand the whole notice. “Why” the

fifth “w” and covering these facts is may help us to know the reasons of the notice. And last, but

not least, there is the “h”: “how”. Knowing how the notice was developed, make us have a

complete and full idea of the reasons and facts

of the notice.

Reporters have the obligation to write

several news for many different topics, trying to

catch people´s attention as much as possible.

And caring about the idea of covering “The five

w´s and the h”, and combining words and

keeping in mind the topic we want to report,

will help them to perform a successful and

attractive notice.

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Animal Intelligence

By Esteban Monge

Humans have been always

fascinated about how animals can show

some detail about intelligence compared to

them. Since the decade of the sixties, there

have been a lot of experiments to try to

demonstrate how far the animal intelligence

can go, however, there are some special

studies that could call the attention of a lot

of people but it’s not very popular, it’s

called animal cognition.

Animal cognition

is the name given

to the study of the

mental capacities

of non-human

animals, along

with a comparative psychology; it

researches the animal learning and

conditioning mostly on mammals, such as

cats, dogs, elephants, rodents and of course,

primates. It also extends non-mammals

such as lizards, birds and even invertebrates

like spiders and others insects.

Since the antiquity the behavior of

animals has captivated human imagination,

there have been stories from a lot of writers

depicting the animal intelligence; Descartes

would be one of many writers who would

speculate about this. However, there would

be more scientific interest about this topic,

such as Darwin placing humans and

animals on a continuum, or studies made by

E. L. Thorndike who in his laboratory

careful observed how the escape of dogs,

cats and chicks from a puzzle boxes led him

to conclude that intelligent behavior may be

compounded of

simple

associations

and that

inference to

animal reason.

In the last fifty years the

acceleration of studying animal intelligence

have been huge, leading to a rich

comprehension of how some animals

behave to certain situations, such as how

they behave with food caches,

communication, navigation by stars and

many others matters. Of course these kinds

of studies are in non-natural environment,

but there is, as well, studies on their natural

environment and how this can lead to the

propagation and survival of the species.

There is an interesting and new field of

studies where the neuroscience play a role,

through this we can clarify some

psychological mental process.

Also, human and animal cognition

has a lot in common; there are five major

areas that scientists have researched in this

area: perception, attention, selective

learning, divided attention and visual search

and attention attentional priming.

In regards to perception, like the humans,

animals process data from ears, eyes and

other sensory organs. Selective learning,

animals learn to discriminate between black

and white and brightness of an object, this

comes with the divided attention, where

that attention is a limited resource, the more

attention is devoted to one aspect or

dimension of the environment, the less is

available for others. In the field of visual

search and attentional priming, visual

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search calls for selection of information,

and search tasks have been used extensively

in both humans and animals to determine

the characteristics of attentional selection

and the factors that control it.

There is a lot of research in the field

of animal cognition; this is only a general

view of what it can be found in this area. In

conclusion, we share a lot of behaviors with

animals that most people believe. We must

be more kindly with them, we share the

same word and animals give us food, vest,

and love too.