Newark IOT eBook

8/12/2019 Newark IOT eBook

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Control

The intention of the Internet of Things is to digest and

control these objects in a way that we typically do not,

currently. For consumers, this could mean an Androidapp allowing you to check and adjust the temperature

of your living room without leaving your couch. Or a

wearable fitness device that can perform the same

function, albeit from the trail. Whatever the case, you

have a thing and a way to access it via the Internet.

Measure, Observe and Feedback

This part is diff icult to quanti fy, but in general terms,

the Internet of Things is seen to utilize sensors for the

measurement of environmental phenomena. Some of

these sensors might include: Inductive

Capacitive

Temperature

Humidity

Pressure

Infra-red

Electromagnetic waves

Acoustic

Biological

Gas

Location Orientation

Directional forces

Forms of radiation

Where it differs from standard, engineered practices

for using a sensor (for example, using a temperature

sensor to monitor motor temperature or an infra-red

sensor as part of a limit switch) is that these sensors

are attached to devices and networks that they

typically wouldnt be.

For example:

A capacit ive sensor/sheet attached to a door, to tel l

when a person knocks on it

An acoustic sensor to detect when a dog is barking

Accelerometer on an armband to characterize the

exercise theyre undertaking

Connected

Once youve acquired the information from your

sensors and their associated controls, you must

make it accessible via the Internet. Its not unlike theevolution of the television set with buttons and dials or

the so-called smart televisions we have today, which

can be controlled from your phone. This connectivity

could be from your phone over Short Message Service

(SMS), a local network (WiFi or LAN or CAN) and

even the global internet. Hence the name, Internet of

Things, or by some, Internet of Everything.

Problems to Overcome

The Internet of (Every)Thing(s) has potential problems.

These problems are partly based around: Transport infrastructure of the data collected.

Presentation and storage of the data into tangible,

coherent and relevant information.

Integrity, security and privacy of valuable and

sensitive information from collection through to

presentation.

Transportation

The transport infrastructure, if we consider that all

communications from these devices may move to

an Internet Protocol (IP) based system, will rely onthe ability to navigate IPv4 and IPv6, not taking into

account intermediate communication methods up until

that point. This places expectancy on the devices to

be able to have enough power to use a network stack

at some point in their transmission or transportation.

Currently a lot of systems are utilizing IPv4, of which

the global address space has practically run out.

There is a very slow migration to IPv6 which has a

significantly larger amount of address spaces available.

However, it may come to pass that a translationoccurs between the two and IPv4 is used for the

smaller networks. I would hazard to suggest that it

may not even be required depending on the data

collection mechanism (eg. RFID, bluetooth, etc.)

2 The Internet of Things


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Presentation/Storage

If were suggesting an Internet of Things type of world,

where potentially every object can feed back details

of its existence, then that is a lot of information thatneeds to be stored somewhere. Consider the example

may report on their status along the entire route of

their global journey. That data requires a transportation

mechanism thats accessible almost everywhere, and all

that information must be stored somewhere. Decisions

would have to be made as to how valuable the data

about to be stored is; what it is intended to be used for;

and how it would be displayed to the interested parties.

Integrity, Security and PrivacyThese are important factors when dealing with

should also always be a consideration. Lets lead with

an example:

An elderly lady is wearing a watch that monitors the

status of her health, electrocardiography (ECG) signals

and mobility. It is customized to her and contains a

the lady when shes either traveling, or in the home and

the watch tries to connect and report that she hasntmoved for a long while. The watch attempts to report

the current state to a system that can determine if the

ECG signals are low, whether this is bad, whether

someone should check on

her and so on.

There are a few areas

that could be raised for

concern with such

a scenario:

The information reported by the watch is incorrect

(or the watch is actually not being worn) and the

actions taken to check on the lady are incorrect.

An occurrence in which the watch was unable toreport to the system, or the wrong watch reported

to the system.

Someone has intercepted the signal the watch was

trying to communicate, discovers that something

has happened to the lady and takes advantage of

the situation in a nefarious way.

The device (s) involved in the system are no longer

maintained because of succession to the product

(end of life), or perhaps the company has gone

under. Because it was not open-source, there is no

one left to maintain the system and the issue goesunreported.

Corruption occurs in the system or the system

does not perform its calculations properly. Perhaps

it does not have redundancy to handle the

information thrown at it during maintenance and the

situation is ignored or delayed.

These are the very concerns attendant with any existing

system; they are not unique to Internet of Things-based

applications. It is the scale that stands to vary.

Should We Do This?

Yes, in my opinion, and whether we should or not

the technology is here. Technology in general stands

to gain from our interest in Internet of Things-based

applications, as designers will be required to optimize

for portability, low power, integrity and security of

information. So, what will you bring to the party?

Christopher Stanton is a Technical Social Media

Specialist at element14, coming from an academic

background in software development, computer

security with an MSc in Computer Network Technology.

He is also an active member of Leeds Hackspace in the

UK where he can be found tinkering with a 3D printer,

sensors or the laser cutter.

3 The Internet of Things


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5/19
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Networking

Hear what Newark element14 & Freescaleare doing to help customers get ahead of the

networking curve

Industrial Automation

Hear what Newark element14 & Freescale aredoing to help solve this challenge

Smart Energy

Learn what connectivity trends are shaping the

future of smart energy

Automotive

What next steps must we take to achieve our

goal of zero accident fatalities

Healthcare

Learn how we can reach this healthy pinnacle

Consumer

and homes.

See the advantages Newark element14 &

Freescale offer to help you lead this next wave

of innovation

The Internet of Things is ushering in a wave of new ideas and

innovations that will stimulate the development of new products across

multiple markets, including networking, industrial automation, smart

energy, automotive, healthcare and consumer. Newark element14

asked some of Freescales experts in these markets to talk about

current trends and innovations:

6 Freescale: Industry Trends
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Accelerometers/Gyroscopes

DIGITAL MEMS VIBRATION SENSORWITH EMBEDDED RF TRANSCEIVER

Manufacturer Part No. Newark Part No.

COMPACT, PRECISION SIX DEGREES OF FREEDOMINERTIAL SENSOR AND EVALUATION BOARD


XTRINSIC 6-AXIS ECOMPASS (3-AXIS MAG,3-AXIS ACCEL) AND EVALUATION BOARD


XTRINSIC FXLC95000CL INTELLIGENT, MOTION-SENSING PLATFORM AND EVALUATION BOARD


3-AXIS, DIGITAL XTRINSIC ACCELEROMETER


INEMO INERTIAL MODULE: 3D ACCELEROMETERAND 3D GYROSCOPE


Pressure

XTRINSIC SMART PRESSURE SENSOR


MEMS PRESSURE SENSOR


Touch

MPR121 CAPACTIVE TOUCH SENSORAND EVALUATION BOARD

detection engine.


CAPACITIVE TOUCH AND HAPTICS GAME CONTROLLER


LDC1000 INDUCTANCE TO DIGITAL CONVERTER


8SENSORS Browse the sample of our sensor offering, or visit our web site

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PAN1740 SERIES PLACE & PLAY BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY MODULES


ROVING NETWORKS BLUETOOTH MODULES & ACCESSORIES

Manufacturer Part No. Newark Part No. Manufacturer Part No. Newark Part No.

10 Bluetooth & Wifi Modules
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11/19

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11 Low Power & MDK-ARM Special Offer & BeagleBone Black
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12/19
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13/19
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14/19

The Internet of Things

Drives New Design Approach

By Mark Toth, Business Development Manager, CadSoftComputer. Originally published in The PCB Magazine

The most common question asked of electronic

product developers today is how do you do more

with less? How do you incorporate newer, faster

technologies in smaller packages to take advantage

of new products and architectures that provide more

functionality and power efficiency, all on time and

under budget? Is it possible to retool processes

without negatively impacting designer productivity?

Can advanced techniques and current best practicesbe made available at the designers fingertips during

development without leaving the design environment?

Increased consumerization, of electronics and a

convergence of various elements of functionality, due

in part to the IoT (Internet of Things), is putting intense

economic pressure not only on time to market, but on

cost of development as well. Add to that increased

competition in the electronics industry and continued

globalization, and were seeing increased investments

in tools, training, new best practices and increasingopenness to collaboration.

To il lustrate the continued globalization...

The EDA Consortium (www.EDAC.org)in its

most recent report showed Printed Circuit

Board and Multi-Chip Module revenue of

$148.3 mil lion, a YoY increase of 5.2 percent

compared to the same quarter in 2012. The

four-quarter moving average for PCB & MCM,

however, increased 10.0 percent. This iscompared to overall industry revenue which

increased only 3.8 percent YoY for the same

quarter reported, but dropped almost

1 percent in sequential quarters. The four-

quarters moving average, which compares

the most recent four quarters to the prior four

quarters, increased by only 5.3 percent.

Not surprising, a geographic trend for the

design tool industry shows revenue for

increased to $431.9 mil lion in the most

recent quarter reported, an increase of 18

percent compared to the same quarter of the

prior year. The four-quarter moving average

increased 14.4 percent.

The opportunity costs for electronic productdevelopment are exponential, but there are major

pitfalls as well. A simple rule of thumb in management

consulting practices states that, on average, companies

six months late. One could easily argue the penalties

market, which has now far exceeded the $200B mark.

Design cycle time plays a big part in determining a

product launch schedule, and the PCB layout part of

this process is often called upon to make up for earlydesign phase schedule slips. In todays competitive

climate, finding ways to reduce design cycle times is

a priority for all engineers. Of chief concern for many

companies is that as PCB design becomes more and

more complex, engineers need to have cost effective

tools that reduce time-to-market. Another potential

challenge is the fact that companies have design

teams dispersed all over the world.

Given all those factors, its easy to see how

completing a product launch within the specifiedtime frame can be daunting. To address all of these

challenges, companies need tools that can leverage

their existing resources (both human and computer),

allow interoperability, have a gentle learning curve and

can offer extensions that link other time-intensive parts

of the design cycle or supply chain.
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15/19

In a recent industry survey conducted by CadSoft

Computer to commemorate the 25th anniversary of

EAGLE for PCB prototyping, designers from 42 different

countries weighed in on future requirements, as well asemerging trends in electronic product development.

Some of the results were surprising:

64% of respondents think development boards are

reducing the need for custom PCB design.

Almost half (46%) are developing with Open Source

Hardware platforms.

Eighty-three percent agree peer-to-peer communities

are important, while 25% believe they are essential

Other results were not unexpected: The majority of designers put functionality before cost

when buying design tools, with 60% of respondents

rating functionality as an extremely important factor

A design tool should offer a gentle learning curve

Design tools should:

Allow multiple designers to lay out a single project

Have a plug-and-play model for tasks that are

intensive to increase productivity

Allow designers to collaborate with each other in real-

time from anywhere in the world

While it is true that more and more design projects

are being started with off the shelf development kits

and boards instead of designing a PCB from scratch,

engineers will often need to design an interface board(such as a shield, cape, expansion, daughter card,

etc.). This is a market where many PCB tool companies,

As more and more open source hardware platforms are

some large, global silicon suppliers are now offering such

low cost open source kits to the Maker and hobbyist in

hopes of increasing demand for their technologies. TIs

Launchpad series is just one example.

What about peer-to-peer, social media, designing in

the Cloud and other forms of collaboration are these

trends fuelling designer productivity?

Although somewhere between novel idea and trend, a

few considerations need to be addressed before the

cloud is deemed mainstream for electronics design.

These include risk and compliance (such as data

cloud sooner). From a business standpoint, it is more

15 The Internet of Things Drives New Design Approach

Fig 2: The Arduino Mega 2560 reference design and schematic in CadSoft EAGLE


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more PCB designers to make it a more sustainable

model. Determining factors for a design application

to harness the power of the cloud are tied to obvious

cost, security and so on. If your design application is

not performance-intensive, or the cloud does not lower

your development costs or improve productivity, it

might not make sense just yet.

Other online resources and communities, however, have

common design elements and identify new technologies

engineering community with more than 200,000members, enables developers to connect with like-

minded peers to gain design inspiration or obtain expert

answers and opinions. One of its most active forums

is hosted by the CadSoft EAGLE user community. In

addition to answers and advice, element14 contains a

free database of CAD libraries, which are searchable

by component supplier, thus enhancing designer

productivity and cost to develop.

Another trend that continues to evolve in the PCB design

industry is the tighter forms of integration between

product into production, electrical CAD (ECAD) and

Mechanical CAD (MCAD) data must be merged. A virtual

3D representation of the PCB geometry within MCAD

tools allows Mechanical Engineers to quickly design

product housings as well as other mechanical features

that fully utilize the available 3D real estate. MCAD

features such as cross-section views and interference

issues when prototypes are built.

Generating a virtual 3D representation

of PCB geometry within MCAD tools has

historically been a time consuming task.

IDF (Intermediate Data Format) has been

around for 20+ years, but in the ear lier days

of IDF, the labor involved to create 3D PCB

representations was time consuming and

costly, states Keith Richman, President of

Simplified Solutions. In 2014, many tools

are available to help expedite the 3D PCB

process. Manufacturers and onl ine servicesnow provide 3D STEP Models that can

help populate a 3D PCB. In addition, some

solutions contain integrated 3D component

librar ies that allow the 3D geometry task

to be completed in just hours. 3D printer

technology can then be utilized to generate

a geometric 3D representation of PCB

geometry prior to the more expensive

manufacture of PCB prototypes.


Figure 3: 3D visualisation enables users to simulatelarger systems here shown as a PCB Board designin an enclosure this saves time and cost even beforeprototype is built. Credit: EagleUp
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Speaking of component libraries...The amount

of information needed on thousands of different

components threatens to overwhelm even the most

organised professional. Challenges for board designerswith this sort of technology is dealing with and

creating the complex shapes needed to implement

the components. Engineers comment regularly I am

spending too much precious product development

time creating footprints or in other parts of library

management. This is a very important issue which

greatly impacts designer productivity. You cant be

designing a custom part for each component you

want to add to your circuit. While some 3rd party tools

come with many libraries already, tens of thousands

more are available online or in design portals such asthe element14 community from manufacturers and user

shared libraries.. Building a custom library can take over

20 minutes per part for a small quantity from scratch,

can rely upon a rich pool of information validated by an

active community. Within complex devices if the design is

open, users can specify the parts through an integrated

search on a parts database with an online distributor

or electronics supplier. This allows electronic design

with parametric search to choose the right components,and have access to a huge amount of technical

information regarding the components themselves

technical datasheets, links to guidance on solutions for

available from within the design environment without

having to jump between several websites. This virtual

integration of the design chain not only enhances design

quality and designer productivity, but it reduces risks

associated with misidentifying a critical component or

selecting a part that is obsolete or out of stock.

Jeremy Blum, Open Hardware Designer

and Hardware Engineer at Google [x] points

out. .... as designs continue to get more

and more complex, following best practices

becomes more and more important. For novice

designers, its easy to encounter a myriad of

potential design problems that may or may not

be caught by traditional DFM checks. Some ofthe things to look for when preparing a PCB

for production are problems that are only fully

understood by designers who have been doing

PCB CAD for many years. Luckily, as open

source designs become more common place,

and as more and more professional designers

join communities like element14, it becomes

easier and easier for new designers to get

help and t ips from industry veterans. A truly

community-driven design platform makes the

barriers to entry lower than ever before.

Once engineers have homed in on the bill of materials

the PCB, very often one has to send it off and wait.

Users should be able to access instant quotations for

their small volume PCB Fabrication and take advantage

of quick turn prototyping service from reliable, high

quality service partners, again, through a one-click

integrated PCB quote link.

manufacturability as it is about functionality, quality

and performance. Designers are packing more and

more components onto smaller and smaller boards into

smaller enclosures, placing unprecedented demands on

design, analysis and simulation tools.

Many are resorting to exotic and/or

aluminium-clad PCB materials, via in pad or

HDI features, blind/buried via technology to

be able to f it a ll of the required functionality

onto their circuit boards, adds Ed McMahon,CEO of Epec Engineered Technologies.

Choose a design solution that not only easily

places those features into your design, but

also allows you to clearly and accurately


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Analysts believe the number of connected devices in the world could reach more than 50 billion

over the next decade, and that by 2020 there will be:

3 billion subscribers with sufficient means to buy information on a 24-hour basis to enhance their lifestyles and improve

personal security. in mature markets, these customers will typically possess between 5-10 connected devices each

1.5 billion vehicles globally, not counting trams and railways

3 billion utility meters (electricity, water and gas)

A cumulative 100 billion processors shipped, each capable of processing information and communicating

Its highly probable that the next big Internet of Things killer app will be born out of the innovative Maker Community, on an

easy-to-use Arduino board.

Details above provided by Atmel Corporation, 2014

communicate to your PCB fabricator what

you are try ing to accomplish. Many design

products a llow you to use the features and

test them in your design, but do not givethe fabricator the specific data they need to

manufacture the product.

While there are a plethora of commercial products

available (most of them expensive to very expensive),

there are relatively few that are low cost and yet lend

themselves to the notion of virtual design chain

integration. For whichever path you choose(en), it

is important to weigh factors such as openness and

are community-based. It is this ease-of-use that isincreasingly becoming important to balance how

complex design can be accelerated while keeping the

upfront design costs low.

Despite the increasing levels of semiconductor

integration and readily available systems-on-chips

for many applications, not to mention the increasing

availability of highly-featured development boards

which can be used out-of-the-box, electronics product

development still relies heavily on custom PCB design in

many cases. Even for one-off developments the humblePCB still performs an important role; its a physical

ingredient to pull any electronics system together.

Learn more

http://www.element14.com/community/community/cadsoft_eagle?ICID=search_featured_cadsofteagle_CADSofthttp://www.element14.com/community/community/cadsoft_eagle?ICID=search_featured_cadsofteagle_CADSofthttp://www.element14.com/community/community/cadsoft_eagle?ICID=search_featured_cadsofteagle_CADSofthttp://www.element14.com/community/community/cadsoft_eagle?ICID=search_featured_cadsofteagle_CADSoft


19/19

Browse our Broad Portfolio of World-Class Suppliers

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Issue 02, June-July 2014

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and connectivity suppliers to provide

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development kits, tools, and modules.

talent across the entire product development

our capabilities to bring a fully compliant

product to you on their behalf. In addition,

our 24/5 technical support provides you with

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you to draw on the vast amount of talent

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