New York State Energy Research and Development Authority

Ellen Burkhard, Ph.D. Senior Project Manager Clean Energy Research and Market Development

NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team Meeting University of Maryland June 5, 2013

NYSERDA’s mission - help New York meet its energy goals: reducing energy consumption, promoting the use of renewable energy sources, and protecting the environment.

NYSERDA

Energy R&D

Purpose: Support policy-relevant research to enhance understanding of energy-related environmental issues

Air Quality and Health Effects

Chain of accountability. Each box represents a link between regulatory action and human health response to air pollution. Arrows connecting the links

New York State Primary Consumption of Energy for Electric Generation, 1996–2010

Long-Term Monitoring and Special Studies

Residential Heating Fuels ($ per MMBtu)

Energy Trends

$0.00

$5.00

$10.00

$15.00

$20.00

$25.00

$30.00

$35.00

$40.00

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013*

Heating Oil

Propane

Natural Gas

Cord Wood

*2013 only has through April 2013

Natural Gas Distribution

Residential Wood Smoke

Photo credit Phil Etter

Outdoor wood boiler

Photo credit Phil Etter

Outdoor wood boiler plume

“average PM” low but spikes frequently > 200 ug/m3, several over 400 Photo credit Gerald McDonald

Photo credit Louis Fontain

Diurnal Wood Smoke in ADK, February 2009

Running 3-h averages of 1-h data Highest at night, lowest during the day

Localized high concentrations of wood smoke, “valley effect”

Wood Heating Technologies

PM2.5 Emissions (lb/day) from Residential Heating Systems for a January day in Upstate NY

0.08 0.22

PM2.5 (lb)

• Wood heating appliances are gross emitters compared to conventional technologies/fuels.

• Wood smoke is rarely a NAAQS problem but…

– There are significant economic pressures to use older installed wood stoves and low efficiency HH;

– Wood smoke is an important exposure concern; and

– Rural areas are not well characterized by the air quality monitoring network.

• How might remote sensing improve the spatial and

temporal characterization of this emerging source?

The challenge

Butcher, T., Trojanowski, R., Brown, C., Wei, G., and Wong, J. (2013). Wood Boilers with Thermal Storage.

Presented at The northeast Biomass Heating Expo., Saratoga Spring, NY. Health Effects Institute, (2003) Assessing the Health Impact of Air Quality Regulations: Concepts and

Methods for Accountability Research. McDonald, R. (2009). “Evaluation of Gas, Oil and Wood Pellet Fueled Residential Heating System Emissions

Characteristics.” Brookhaven National Laboratories Energy Sciences and Technology Department/ Energy Resources Division (BNL-91286-2009-IR).

NYSERDA, (2010a). “Spatial Modeling and Monitoring of Residential Woodsmoke Across A Non-Urban

Upstate New York Region.” NYSERDA report 10-02. Prepared by the Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (Paul Miller) for NYSERDA: Albany, NY (February)

NYSERDA, (2012). “Environmental, Energy, Market, and Health Characterization of Wood-Fired Hydronic

Heater Technologies.” NYSERDA report 12-15. Prepared by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development (Brian Gullett) for NYSERDA: Albany, NY (June)

NYSERDA, (2013). “Patterns & Trends: New York State Energy Profiles 1996-2010” http://www.nysenergyplan.com/final/Natural_Gas_Assessment.pdf Wang, Y., Hopke, P.K., Xia, X., Rattigan, O.V., Chalupa, D.C., & Utell, M.J. (August 2012). “Source

apportionment of airborne particulate matter using inorganic and organic species as tracers.” Atmospheric Environment, 55, pp. 525-532. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.03.073

References

Thank you!

Annual Mean SO2 WFM 1996-2010

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Year

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

SO2,

ppb

Ann

ual m

ean

WFM

Sum

mit

Reduction rate of 5.6%/yr

1.2198 - 0.0685*x

Program Advisors

EMEP Program and Science Advisors

Science Advisors James Austin, NYS Department of Public Service Alan Belensz, New York State Office of the Attorney General Gregory Capobianco, NYS Department of State Christina Dowd, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation Adam Freed, NYC Mayor’s Office of Long-Term Planning and Sustainability Jason Lynch, US EPA Daniel Luttinger, NYS Department of Health John Reese, US Power Generating Company Leon Sedefian, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation Tim Tear, The Nature Conservancy Tim Watkins, US EPA David Westman, Con Edison Lloyd Wilson, NYS Department of Health Ronald Wyzga, Electric Power Research Institute

Praveen Amar, Clean Air Task Force Doug Burns, US Geological Survey Stuart Findlay, Institute of Ecosystem Studies William F. Fitzgerald, University of Connecticut John Gowdy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute George M. Hidy, Envair/Aerochem Daniel Jacob, Harvard University Jonathan Mawdsley, The H. John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics and the Environment Lindsey Rustad, US Forest Service Northern Research Station Richard Schlesinger, Pace University

Wood smoke in Rochester, NY

Wang, Y. et al. (2012)

Monroe County housing unit heating systems: Natural gas (82.5%), Electricity (11.9%), Heating oil (2.9%), Propane (1.5%), Wood (0.5%)

30% of winter PM2.5

Wang, Y. et al. (2012)

Ecological Effects of Deposition of Sulfur, Nitrogen and Mercury

Air Quality and Health Related Research

Alternative Energy Environmental issues

Controlled Environment Agriculture

Climate Change (adaptation, mitigation)

Bio-Energy

Water/Wastewater

Environmental research planning activities include: