New York History Part 01

7/30/2019 New York History Part 01

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History of New York State

A Brief Chronology

Part 1


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Source

Chronology & Documentary Handbook of the State of New York .

Ellen Lloyd Trover, State Editor William F. Swindler, Series Editor Oceana Publications

Dobbs Ferry, New York 1978


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1609 French explorer and geographer, Samuel

Champlain, travels south from Canada andiscovers lake which now bears his name.

Henry Hudson, Dutch navigator, discovers themouth of the river later named for him andclaims that area for Netherlands.


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1614 The Estates General of the United

Netherlands created a trading syndicatewith three years trading rights in theregion named New Netherland.

Hendrick Christiaensen, constructs atrading post at Fort Nassau on CastlesIsland near Albany.


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1621

Dutch formalize the trading venture in theNew World through the creation of the

agency to be known as the Dutch WestIndia Company.

The agency was directed to plant

settlements in the region.


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1624 First permanent settlement, consisting of

Dutch and French Protestant refugees,

established Fort Orange near present day Albany.

Cornelius Jacobsen May, as companydirector becomes, in effect, the states firstgovernor.


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1626 Peter Minuit, as third governor, made the

renowned purchase of Manhattan Islandfrom Native Americans for an assortmentof trinkets worth approximately $24.

Since Native Americans did not believethat land could be owned individually, theylikely thought they were merelyexchanging gifts.


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1629 Patroon system established which gave

large land grants to men of influence. Theywere encouraged to create large feudal

plantations where families would settleand farm the tract.

Feudalism -- the system of political organization prevailing in Europe

from the 9th to about the 15th centuries having as its basis therelation of lord to vassal with all land held in fee and as chief characteristics homage, the service of tenants under arms and incourt, wardship, and forfeiture. [Merriam-Webster On-Line Dictionary]


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1630 Kiliaen van Rensselaer establishes

community on the upper Hudson River. The community called Rensselaerswyck,

now makes up metropolitan Albany. Lands were leased to tenants and

equipment was supplied to establishfarms, breweries, mills, and brick kilns.

Fort Orange established as marketplace.


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1632 Governor Wouter van Twiller begins

expanding the Dutch claims in the Hudsonvalley.

Van Twiller acquires land in Long Island,fortified the Connecticut River Valley andsent expeditions to the mouth of theDelaware River.


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1636-1646 1636 - Jacob van Curler purchases land on

Long Island, settlers take up land alongwhat will become Long Island Sound.

1638 -Governor William Kieft alienatesNative Americans by demandingpayments, called tributes.

1641 - Kieft forms Council of twelve menwhich becomes first representative council

1646 - Community of Yonkers established.


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1647 Peter Stuyvesant becomes last Dutch

governor. He will hold office until 1664.

Stuyvesant sets up a local council of ninerepresentatives who immediately petition

to Holland complaining of Stuyvesantsautocratic rule.


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1653-1661 1653 - In response to complaints againstStuyvesant the Estates General establish a

burgher form of government in New Amsterdam.

1654 - First Jewish colonist arrives from Holland.More arrive from Brazil the following month.

1654 - Dutch annex New Sweden. 1657 - Religious freedom granted Quakers. 1659- Dutch Reformed Church established in

Kingston, then called Esopus. 1661 - Arent van Curler establishes Schenectady.


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1664 In settlement of a long series of

commercial wars with England, NewNetherlands is annexed to English New

World holdings. English fleet takes control of New

Amsterdam and proclaims it the new

province of New York. Grant is given to the Duke of York, who will

later become King James II


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1665 Colonel Richard Nicolls, first Englishgovernor establishes a legal code which

keep most Dutch laws, but terminates thefeudal Patroon system land holdings.

Long Island made independent from thesettlement of New York, called Yorkshire.

New Jersey, originally part of Dutch colony

and the Duke of Yorks holdings isseparated establishing a new colony. Claims to Connecticut Valley are dropped.


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1668-1674 1668 - Governor Francis Lovelace, 2

ndEnglishgovernor, buys Staten Island from the

Aquehonga tribe, a branch of the Raritan Nation. 1673 - Dutch fleet recaptures New York. 1674 - English regain New York via Treaty of

Westminster. 1674 - Long Island conspires with Connecticut to

become independent from New York. 1674 - English governor establishes provincial

assembly to placate dissident Long Islanders.


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1679-1683

1679 - French establish Fort Niagara in aneffort to influence the Iroquois Nation.

1683 [October] First legislative assemblyconvened at Fort James [now the Battery].

Assembly drafts a charter which providesfor religious liberties, jury trials andelective assemblies.

First eight counties established.


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1684-1690

1684 - Five Indian nations recognize thesupremacy of the English crown.

1688 - French Protestant Huguenotrefugees establish New Rochelle.

1688 - Plans to create Dominion of NewEngland threaten New Yorks existence.

1690 - French attack Schenectady. Part of King Williams war in Europe.


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1710-1733

1710 - Governor Hunter encourages 2,500Palatinate Germans to settle in Hudson Valley . 1713 - Treaty of Utrecht ends hostilities with

France, ending Queen Annes War. 1715 - Hunter approves law making all residents

of Dutch descent citizens of the colony. 1731 - French establish fortress at Crown Point

anticipating next conflict with England. 1733 - Gov. Wm Cosby arrests newspaper

publisher Peter Zenger, charging him with libel.


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1736 -

1736 - Governor Cosby dies without a successor. 1736 - Absence of colonial executive combined

with conflicts within the assembly result in the

emergence of a colonial legislature which hadpowers comparable to the House of Commons.

1743 - George Clinton becomes governor.

1743 - Anglo-French war emerging in Europe. 1746 - Clinton appoints Indian Commissioner who goal is to keep them loyal to England.


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1746-1765

1746 - French build forts in the Ohio Valley. 1746 - Clinton treats the Iroquois Nation poorly

causing them to shift loyalties to the French.

1754 - Seven Years War begins in Europe. 1755 French build Fort Ticonderoga. 1755 French and Indian war begins.

1764 English Parliament taxes sugar. 1765 Colonial representatives meet in New

York to protest the Stamp Act.


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1766

Widespread revolt of tenant farmers, ledby Irish immigrant William Prendergast,broke out in protest against denial of political rights and practice of evictions atwill from tenancies.

Governor Moore called out regular troopsto suppress the Westchestermen, butanti-rentism continued to be a politicalissue for many years.


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1774

April - When news of the Boston Tea Partyreaches New York, citizens have their own partydumping 18 boxes of tea into New York harbor.

May NY Committee of Correspondence calls for a Continental Congress to be held in New York.

November Committee of Sixty formed to protest

against English rule replacing a committee whichsought to ask for grievances to be addressed.


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1775

April 20 Colonial Assembly doesnt senddelegates to the Second Continental Congress.

May 20 Ethan Allen leads his Green Mountain

Boys to capture Fort Ticonderoga. First act of rebellion against England in New York state.

November 13 New York City occupied by thearmy led by Lord William Howe. How haddefeated General Washington and theContinental army at the Battle of Long Island.


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1777

April 20 Convention at Kingston completed workand adopted first constitution of the new state of New York.

July 30 George Clinton becomes first governor.

October 17 Surrender of General JohnBurgoyne and his army at Saratoga. First major

American victory which will encourage foreignnations to loan the Continental Congress money.


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1778-1784

February 6, 1778 New York ratifies the Articlesof Confederation.

October 25, 1781 Last battle of Revolutionary

War to take place in New York with victory atJohnstown over British soldiers, Indians &Loyalists.

May 21, 1784 At Governor Clintons urging, thelegislature creates the University of the State of New York to support public education.


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1787

New York appoints three delegates RobertYates, John Lansing, and Alexander Hamilton to participate in a convention in Philadelphia tostrengthen the Articles of Confederation.

October 27 Hamilton, realizing difficulty inwinning New Yorks ratification of the new

constitution, publishes first installment of TheFederalist .


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1788- 1795 July 26, 1788 New York ratifies the new

Constitution of the United States in convention atPoughkeepsie, by 30-27 vote.

April 30, 1789 George Washington inauguratedfirst President of the United States at Federal Hallin New York City.

1790 First census shows New York states

population at 340,120. April 6, 1795 - John Jay resigns as U.S. SupremeCourt Chief Justice to be NY 2 nd governor.


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1797-1807

1797 State legislature meets in Albany,formally establishing the city as the state capital. 1800 State population listed as 589,051. 1801 State constitutional convention held, no

proposals were passed. July 11, 1804 Alexander Hamilton slain in duel

with Aaron Burr across Hudson River in

Weehawken, New Jersey 1807 Fultons steamboat travels from New

York City to Albany in 32 hours.


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1810-1820

1810 Population: 959,049 . 1813 Ogdensburg was raided and looted by

British-Canadian forces in War of 1812.

September 11, 1814 Outnumbered Americanfleet defeat British flotilla on Lake Champlain. 1817 DeWitt Clinton, mayor of New York City,

becomes governor.

July 4, 1817 Erie Canal construction begins atRome.

1820 Population: 1,372,812


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1821- 1825

1821 New state constitution drafted, featuringuniversal male sufferage. 1822 Hobart & William Smith Colleges

founded at Geneva. 1823 Joseph Smith of Palmyra reports visions

which leads to the Church of Latter Day Saints. 1824 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute founded

at Troy. October 26, 1825 Erie Canal completed. 1825 DeWitt Clinton re-elected governor.


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1828 - 1836

1828 Martin Van Buren elected governor butresigns in less than 3 months to becomePresident Andrew Jacksons Secretary of State.

1829 Fanny Wright & Robert Dale Owen startWorking- Mens Party, Americas first labor party.

1831 First railroad runs from Albany toSchenectady.

1831 New York University founded. 1836 Union Theological Seminary founded.


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1839 - 1847 1839 William H. Seward becomes governor. 1839 Anti-rent disturbances resume in the

Hudson Valley and adjacent counties. 1840 Population 2,428,921.

1841 Fordham University founded in theBronx. First Catholic college in state. June 1, 1846 Constitutional convention meets

in Albany.

1846 University of Buffalo founded. 1847 John Humphrey Noyes founds the

Oneida Community, a religious commune.


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1848 - 1855 July 19, 1848 First Womens Rights conventionmeets at Seneca Falls; 300 attend. 1848 Millard Fillmore elected Vice President. 1850 University of Rochester founded. 1850 Population: 3,097,394. 1851 Several major railroads completed. Hudson River RR., Erie RR., Delaware RR.,

Lackawanna and Western RR. 1855 Suspension bridge over the Niagara River

completed.

New York History Part 01

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