New Years 2005New Years 2005 Operational Risk Management

andSuicide Prevention

Marine Detachment Fort Sill, Oklahoma

239

75

392

355

268

81

133

112

108

17

Private MotorVehicle:Alcohol|No Alcohol

Suicide

Natural

Sports|Other Off-Duty

Aviation

Homicide

Shore Ops

Afloat

Top Causes of Death

Navy & Marine Corps FY95 - 99

1846 Deaths1846 DeathsIncludes Includes

63 undecided/pending63 undecided/pending

3 Hostile Action3 Hostile Action

# 2 cause of death!

Suicide Facts• Over 32,000 people in the United States kill themselves every year

• A person commits suicide about every 15 minutes in the U.S.

• Suicide is the 9th leading cause of death in the U.S.

• 60% of all people who commit suicide kill themselves with a firearm

• Over 60% of all people who commit suicide suffer from major depression

• Alcoholism is a factor in about 30% of all completed suicides

Statistics are from the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention web site www.afsp.org

Suicide Prevention & ORMHow do suicide prevention and ORM (Operational Risk Management) fit together?

ORM is a simple 5-step process that deals with identifyinghazards, assessing hazards, making risk decisions aboutthose hazards, implementing controls to reduce the hazardsand supervising the controls and watching for change in thecontrols.

Preventing suicide is caring for your shipmate & is everyonesresponsibility. ORM can help prevent suicide.

ORMORM1. Identify Hazards

2. Assess Hazards

5. Supervise

4. Implement Controls

3. Make Risk Decisions

A Five Step Process

Suicide Prevention and ORM Scenario

•An LPO has noticed that one Sailor has not been acting normally the past few days.•The Sailor has been withdrawn and not very talkative. When questioned by the LPO and friends, the Sailor stated,“Everything is okay, I’m just feeling a little down”. •That evening, the Sailor was found in the BEQ intoxicated and crying. There was a week-old letter and a razor blade on the nightstand.

This scenario should raise some questions.

The 5-step ORM process is the key to unlocking

the problem to enable you to see what the problem

is so you can help prevent a bad situation.

Step #1 Identify HazardsStep #1 Identify Hazards

•Use experience as a guide: Have you seen a situation like this before? If you have then you can use that experience to help identify hazards.

•Ask “What if?” Or better yet, “What can go wrong?” : What if that letter is bad news? What if I don’t do anything? What can go wrong if I don’t do anything?

Use Brainstorming (everyone’s input is important): If possible discuss with other people to get their input. In a situation like this one you might not have the option to discuss with others, you will need to act right away!

Identifying hazards is the first step in the ORM process.

Looking at the previous scenario, you probably have already identified

some hazards. Using the below guidelines you can identify the hazards

with this scenario.

1. Identify Hazards

• Suicide attempt with bodily injury

• Alcohol Abuse

• No intervention

• Death

Now that you have looked at the situation what are some hazards

associated with this scenario?

The below listed hazards are not all inclusive, there are other hazards

that could be identified with this situation.

Step #2-Assess Step #2-Assess HazardsHazards

Hazards are assessed for:Hazards are assessed for: Severity of possible loss

Probability of occurrence

Step #2 is the assessment of your identified hazards using the risk assessment code

(RAC) matrix. In a non-emergency situation, a detailed assessment of each hazard is

warranted. In this situation there might not be time to sit down and assess each hazard

before you intervene, action is required immediately.

Assessment of the hazards is done by using the RAC Matrix

Cat I

Cat III

Cat IV

S

E

V

E

R

I

T

Y

Cat II

Risk AssessmentCode - ( RAC )1 = Critical2 = Serious3 = Moderate4 = Minor5 = Negligible

Probability of Occurrence

Likely -Immediate

Probablywill occurin time

Mayoccur

Unlikelyto occur

A B C D

Risk LevelsRisk Assessment Code

1 1

1

4

4

4

5 5

52

2

2

3

3

3

3CAT I = Death/ Loss of asset.CAT II = Severe injury / degradation of asset.CAT III= Minor injury/ degradation of asset.CAT IV= Minimal injury/ degradation of asset.

2. Assess the Hazards

RAC’s •Suicide attempt with bodily injury 1

• Alcohol Abuse 3

• No intervention 3

• Death 1

Using the matrix from the previous slide, based on your perception, choose a severity

category and a probability category, for example; Severity II, Probability A, now find the

corresponding row and column and intersect the two. This gives you a number, a Risk

Assessment Code or RAC.

•Consider Risk Control OptionsConsider Risk Control Options– Prioritize hazards by RAC: Prioritize hazards by RAC: Put the assessed hazards in order by RAC. – Brainstorm: What can we do to minimize Brainstorm: What can we do to minimize thethe risk risk of the hazard?of the hazard? These are the options available to minimize the hazard.

– Decide:Decide: Make a risk decision about the whole process. Do we need to do this or is it too risky?

•If risk outweighs benefit, communicate with chain of If risk outweighs benefit, communicate with chain of command.command.

Step #3-Make Risk Step #3-Make Risk DecisionsDecisionsThe third step is a three part process

3. Make Risk Decisions

RAC’s • Death 1

• Suicide attempt with bodily injury 1

• No intervention 3

•Alcohol Abuse 3

Prioritize the hazards by Risk Assessment Code

3. Make Risk Decisions (Cont.)Part #2 of step three is to discuss the options to minimize the hazards

you identified.

For example: Death was identified as a hazard

Some of the options available to minimize this hazard are:

refer the individual to command/local medical facility.

confront the individual about what they are doing.

Offer to talk to the person about their problem

At this point these are just options and might not be used in the final

process, but all options should be discussed.

3. Make Risk Decisions (Cont.)Part #3 of step three is to make a risk decision.

Look at the situation and decide if you should continue or stop due to the

risk involved.

In this scenario the best choice would be to continue and

assist the individual.

4. Implement ControlsThese are the options that you discussed in step 3 to minimizethe hazards. Choose the best options available and implement them. These options now become your controls.For example; referring the individual to a medical facility andconfronting the individual were two options available to us, look at the situation and choose the best option. In this case wemight choose referral to a medical facility. This has now become our control for minimizing our hazard. There might be more than one control chosen for each hazard.

5. SuperviseORM talks about supervising your controls ensuring that they are in place an effective.

Once you have selected your controls for the hazards you nowneed to ensure they are in place and have the desired effect.

You also need to look out for change. Any change in your planwill present new risk and needs to be looked at.

The AID LIFE acronym can also be useful in the process.

Suicide Prevention AcronymsA

I

D

L

I

F

E

Ask The Person

Intervene Immediately

Don’t Keep A Secret

Locate Help

Inform Chain of Command

Find Someone - Don’t Leave Person Alone

Expedite Help

Operational Risk Managementand

Suicide Prevention

There are many options for supervisors to get information about suicide prevention as well as individuals that are contemplating suicide.

• The National Suicide Hotline: 1-800-SUICIDE• OPNAVINST 6100.2 (Health Promotion Program)• Pers 6 Suicide prevention training video / facilitator kit• Various Internet Web Sites• Local sources: Medical Facilities, Command Medical Representative,

Chaplains, Family Service Centers, etc. (This list is not all inclusive)

**This presentation is meant for information only and as an ORM tool. It is not to be used a cookbook for preventing suicide. If you have any question contact your local medical department**

Acronyms Cont.S SUICIDAL TALK - Sailors who are thinking and speaking about suicide are at high risk.

Individuals who have made previous attempts - especially those with potentially lethalmeans (weapons), are at a very high risk for suicide as those with a suicide plan.UTTER HOPELESSNESS - Sailors who are feeling extremely helpless, hopeless, desperateand worthless and who do not have plans for the future are at high risk for self harm.

INADEQUACY - Sailors who believe they are inferior, inadequate and worthless and whobelieve they have been taken advantage of or failed are at high risk.

CLOSE RELATIONSHIP LOSS - Sailors who perceive or believe they have lost an important relationship (romantic, spouse, friend, including the death of a loved one) may be atrisk for suicide.

ISOLATION - Sailors who are alone and feel lonely and helpless, isolate themselves and wholack social, work and religious supports are at risk.

DEPRESSION - Sailors who are sad; depressed, bitter, moody and pessimistic; are withdrawnand have lost their interests are at high risk for suicide.ETHANOL (ALCOHOL) - Sailors depend upon or abuse alcohol and/or drugs, which mayinclude prescription medications, are at high risk for self harm.

U

I

C

I

DE

Acronyms Cont.

S SAD - A Sailor who is depressed and sad, with feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and worthlessness is at risk.

A ALCOHOL - Sailors who abuse or are addicted to alcohol are at greater risk for suicide.

I ISOLATION - Sailors who are alone and isolated and are without peer, social and religious support may be at risk.

L LOSS - Sailors who have lost someone (especially a significant other and/or romantic relationship) or something meaningful in their lives may be at risk for suicide.

O ORGANIZED PLAN - The Sailor with a specific detailed plan using an available lethal method is at high risk.

R RATIONAL THINKING LOSS - Suicide risk is high for Sailors when their judgement and thought processes are impaired.

Acronyms Cont.

M MOODY - Marines who are experiencing rapid and dramatic mood swings - such as frequent anger, depression, nervousness and indifference along with recent episodes of violent behavior are at increased risk for self harm.

A ALCOHOL ABUSE - Marines who abuse or are addicted to alcohol and/or drugs, including prescription medications, are at risk for suicide.

R RELATIONSHIP LOSS - Marines who have lost a romantic relationship or perceive a relationship is ending are at risk for suicide.

I INADEQUATE - Marines who see themselves as worthless, inadequate or as a failure are at risk for suicide.

N NERVOUS - Marines who are feeling tense, scared, confused and vulnerable may be at risk for self harm.

E EMBARRASSMENT- Marines who believe that they have been disgraced, humiliated or shamed in some way, are at risk.

S SAD - Marines who are sad, depressed and pessimistic with feelings of hopelessness, helplessness and worthlessness are at high risk for suicide.

Contact your local medical department for more

information on suicide prevention.

Let’s keep our Marines from ending up as a

statistic!