New World Explorers

What motivates New World Explorers?

O Remember the 4Gs: God, Gold, Glory, and GrowthO European explorers hoped to find riches in distant

countries and to discover a sea route to Asia.O Both Protestants and Catholics want convertsO Search for spices (nutmeg, ginger, cloves, cinnamon,

pepper, etc.) and luxury goods (silk, gold, silver, jewels, ivory, porcelains, tea, etc.) from Africa and the East.

O During this period of exploration, trade was dominated by Muslims and Italians; exploration was an effort to secure land and resources for others besides these two groups

Growth of the Renaissance

O Cartography: Ptolemy's book inspired interest in cartography. More accurate maps were created.

O Ship design: Ship designs were being improved. A new kind of type called a caravel was small, fast, and easy to control. They helped with safer trip.

O Navigational tools: Helped for safer voyages. The compass and astrolabe were improved.

O Weapons: Weapons were being improved. This helped so the Europeans could fight against people they met in their explorations.

Lief Erikson & Marco PoloO Date: 1001

Country: NorwayAchievement: First to see Americas. Founded a temporary settlement in Newfoundland which extended all the way to Maine. *(Pre-Ren Exp)*

O Marco PoloO Date:1271

Country: Italy Achievement: traveled to China & wrote about his travels in his book, Travels. His tales inspire future voyages. *(Pre-Ren Exp)*

Newfoundland

Why no Italians?O The Italians were economically strong

because of trade in their many coastal city states

O Didn’t see an interest investing in sea exploration because it was expensive, dangerous, time consuming and risky, it was unnecessary for them

O Already experiencing growth as evidenced by the Renaissance which begins in Italy

Henry the Navigator

O In 1419, Prince Henry the Navigator  of Portugal began to fund sailors, mapmakers, astronomers, shipbuilders and instrument makers who were interested in discovering new lands.

O Opened a school to teach those interested in navigation.

O Italians, Jews, Muslims, Germans, Scandinavians and Arabs all funded by Prince Henry.

O The explorers were all wanted to find a way around Africa to India. Although the first sailors did not get around Africa they did advance down the west African coast, there they began to open a rich trade in gold and slaves.

O In 1444, 200 slaves were brought back to Portugal; creating further interest in voyages

BartholomeuDias

O Date 1488, O Country: Portugal O Achievement: First to return to Portugal after

sailing to the east coast of Africa, passing the Cape of Storms, later renamed the Cape of Good Hope.

O Dias probably would have reached India had his crew not mutinied and forced him to return to Portugal.

Christopher Columbus

O He couldn't get Henry’s support so he got Spain's support instead.

O His voyages were sponsored by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain.

O He was Italian, and he thought that the Indies were on the other side of the Atlantic ocean.

O He found land on an island in the Caribbean Sea and claimed it for Spain. He thought he found islands that were between Europe and Asia.

Treaty of TordesillasO Commonly referred to as the “line of

demarcation” made between Spain and Portugal in 1494

O Agreement reached after Columbus discovery of Hispaniola.

O This line defined who would receive newly found territories outside of Europe

O The lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal and the lands to the west to Spain.

Vasco De Gama O Date 1497 O Country: PortugalO Achievement: First European to reach

India by seaO His voyage took two years but when he

returned to Lisbon in 1499, his ships was swollen with spices from the East.

O Portuguese ambitions were at their peak by 1500 because of Vasco De Gama’s voyage

Pedro CabralO Country: PortugalO Accomplishments: O Arrived in Island of True Cross, later to be

named Brazil in 1500O Was able to claim Brazil for Portugal because

of prior negotiated Treaty of TordesillasO Later sailed ailed to India with a fleet of 13

ships in same yearO Regarding as first explorer to reach four

continents: Europe, Africa, Americas, & Asia i.e. India

Amerigo VespucciO Date: 1507O Country: from Italy but funded by King

Manuel I of PortugalO Achievement: Made detailed accounts of

the new world.O First to recognize that the land found is

not part of Asia and is a new unknown territory

O  New world is named after him because of this

Ferdinand MagellanO Date: 1521O Country: Portugal O First to sail around earthO He thought that if he found a strait/channel

through South America, he could sail west to the Indies.

O He got Spain's support and found a channel at the southern tip of South America which today is called the Strait of Magellan.

Strait of Magellan

Impacts of Portuguese Exploration

O 1) Obtained slaves and goods from Africa

O 2) Found a sea route to India, where they got spices and goods

O 3) Took control of eastern sea routes to Asia because of Cabral's voyage

O 4) Gained control of the Indian Ocean, which broke the Muslim/Indian control of Asian trade

O 5) Started to establish colonies in Brazil