New trends in industrial water treatment technologies ... · PDF fileNEW TRENDS IN INDUSTRIAL...

NEW TRENDS IN INDUSTRIAL WATER

TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

PETER CAUWENBERG

Cefic workshop-

economic benefits

of water innovation

November 5th 2015

SITUATION TODAY

Our wastewater treatment is :

• energy demanding

• converts organics to CO2

• converts nitrogen to N2

• Add chemicals to form waste sludge for phosphorus and metals

workshop-economic benefits of water innovation

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FUTURE CONCEPTS FOR WATER TREATMENT


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HOW TO REALIZE SHIFT TOWARDS INTEGRATED (INDUSTRIAL) WATER MANAGEMENT

Technological innovations

Improving existing technologies

Using existing technologies in new situation

New technologies

Social acceptance

Legal bottlenecks


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Technological

innovations


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TRENDS IN WASTE WATER TREATMENT

Improving existing technologies

Energy recovery from

organic fraction by

anaerobic treatment

Less energy demanding

processes (ANAMOX)

More compact treatment

systems (MBR’s – Nereda)


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PRESSURE DRIVEN MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY

» Actual use of technology

» Wide range of membranes UF-NF-RO available

» UF = state of the art for particle removal

» RO = state of the art for desalination/process water production

» Potential within future wastewater treatment concepts

» UF/NF : specific separations for reuse of organic resources from wastewater

» NF : separation organic/inorganic or monovalent/bivalent ions

» Innovations required

» Less sensitive to clogging

» Low fouling potential

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SMART SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION VIA GRIGNARD CHEMISTRY

R Mg Br

appropriate solvent

very dry conditions

WO2010/106167

R M

Advantages :

» Unique, direct covalent M ‒ C bond = highly resistant to hydrolysis

» Only one reactive group = polymerization reactions avoided

» Compatible with a wide variety of functional groups

Proven advantages :

» anti-fouling action in water filtration

» improved separations in solvents (OSN)

+

Also realised for commercial scale membranes


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Also shown for :

Olive oil waste water

Pulp and paper effluents

surface water (De Blankaart, Belgium)

Oil/water emulsions with open UF membranes

(30 nm pores)

G. Mustafa et al., JMS, 470 (2014) 369-377

No irreversible fouling

ANTI-FOULING ACTION IN WATER FILTRATION

Fouling tests with humic acid + Calcium :


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MEMBRANE DISTILLATION

» Principle

Emerging technology

10 workshop-economic benefits of water innovation

MEMBRANE DESTILLATION


» Emerging technology


» Concentration of streams – production of clean water

» Concentration of brines up to crystallization.


» Demonstrated long term process stability

» Development of specific membranes (super hydrophobic)

» Improvement of module design (increased energy efficiency)


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ELECTRO-DIALYSE

Principle

+ -

concentr

ate

Feed

Na+

Cl-

Na+

Cl-

Feed

concentr

ate

Feed


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ELECTRO-DIALYSIS

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» Existing technology for desalination of streams – limited implementation

» Emerging technology


» Very selective separation

» Charged molecules – uncharged molecules

» Monovalent – bivalent ions

» Production of acids/base from brines (bipolar membranes)


» Stability membranes

» Selectivity of membranes


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Case studies


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CASE 1 : DIRECT REUSE OF VALUABLES IN OWN PRODUCTION

Reactor 1

Raw materials water

Filtration

product

steamstripping

Biological treatment

Physicochemical-

treatment

Case 2 : chemical plant

Contract research

UF RO

water

Filtrate:

• Residual raw

material

• Small product

particles

• water


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STEP 1 : Membrane selection

flat sheet tests

UF-RO range

STEP 2 : 2” module for concentration tests

Switch from spiral wound membranes to tubular membranes

STEP 3 :Labscale STEP 4 :batch 1 m3 at VITO STEP 5 :On site demonstration

Result :

Stable filtration

Proof of concepts

Concerns on fouling

Result :

Long term stability

Cleaning procedures

Result :

Design values

STEP 6 :Industrial

implementation


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CASE 3 : LOW LIQUID DISCHARGE IN ORE REFINERY


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CASE 3 : LOW LIQUID DISCHARGE IN ORE REFINERY

NF

(50%WR)

MD

(25x) Crystallizer

Ore washing

wastewater NF

permeate

MD

distillate

MD

concentrate

salt

composition

Q 480 210 201.5 8.5 m3/day 2.1 ton/day

Cl- 6310 4880 32.8 120000 ppm 49.9 %

SO42- 1790 7.5 <3 138 ppm 0.057 %

K+ 3760 2790 n.m. 69750 ppm 29.0 %

Na+ 2610 2010 n.m. 50250 ppm 20.9 %

Cd (tot.) 1.26 0.461 <0.0020 6.42 ppm 0.0027 %

Zn (tot.) 27.2 5.19 <0.025 82.6 ppm 0.034 %

Sr (tot.) 1.65 0.071 <0.050 1.6 ppm 0.00067 %

Pb (tot.) 0.032 0.017 <0.010 0.342 ppm 0.00014 %


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CASE 4 : REUSE OF REGENERATE STREAM FROM IEX

Softened

water

NaCl

Tapwater

Wastewater

NaCl + Ca, Mg,..


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Softened

water

NaCl

Tapwater

Purification: NF

Concentration:

MD

Wastewater


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» Demonstrated at pilot scale

» Reuse of brine technical feasible

» Economical costs (opex + capex) 20-30 euro/m3 regenerate (1- 1,5

euro/m3 process water)


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CONCLUSIONS

» New wastewater treatment concepts required to overcome water stress

and discharge limitations.

» Concepts will include water reuse and resource recovery

» Combination of existing technologies and emerging technologies

» Questions ?


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