New THE$NATURE$OF$POACHERS$&$SOLUTIONS$FOR$ … · 2020. 1. 2. ·...
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THE NATURE OF POACHERS & SOLUTIONS FOR WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING Lisa Jorgensen and Aliyah Pandolfi, CEO of Kashmir World Founda=on 1. Introduc>on African wildlife reserves have become war zones, par=cularly Kruger Na=onal Park in South Africa. Illicit wildlife trade • Is the fourth largest illegal ac=vity worldwide • Is worth $23 billion US dollars per year • Rhino horns and elephant tusks can fetch up to $65,000R $100,000 per kg. • High demands from Vietnam and China Vietnamese markets: detox., recrea=onal drug use, décor, jewelry. Chinese markets: décor, jewelry, ‘cures’ for convulsions, cancers, strokes, nosebleeds, fevers, etc. • Belief that rhino horns cure medical ailments is s=ll the driving force behind the demand in China 1,215 rhinos were poached in 2014 in South Africa alone; approx. 100 African elephants are poached daily con=nentR wide. Graph via h)p://blogs.scien5ficamerican.com/ ex5nc5on9countdown/2015/01/23/record9 number9rhinos9poached/ 2015 2. Poaching Reasons Illicit trade is a dangerous occupa=on and difficult to leave. • Easy, substan=al money • Pres=ge/status from peers, community • Religion & Tradi=on • Belief in man’s right over ‘lesser’ beings • Passed down from genera=ons • Men from impoverished, farming communi=es seeking work • Necessary to support self/ family • Lack of: steady income, means of transport, educa=on/skill set, support from local gov'ts 4. Enforcement Solu>ons • Kashmir Robo>cs, wcUAVc, Counter Poaching Games • In response to the President’s Execu=ve Order on Combaeng Wildlife Trafficking • 140 teams from 6 con=nents building technologically advanced, fully autonomous aircraf • 3D Prin=ng • Smart phone, TCP/IP, 4G networks • ‘Drone Olympics’ • South Africa 2015 • Provide effec=ve, sustainable solu=on to poaching/trafficking 5. Community Based Solu>ons • The DaVinci ChallengeQBuild a Drone Workshop • STEAM educa=on • For local communi=es • Learned/applied skill sets • Crops/livestock management • Monitor wildlife/land 6. Cita>ons/Acknowledgements • Aliyah Pandolfi www.kashmirworldfounda=on.org and www.wcuavc.com • The MNR: Wildlife Division Tanzania hjp://www.mnrt.go.tz/sectors • Amahoro Tours Rwanda and DRC hjp://amahoroRtours.com/ • Scien=fic American www.scien=ficamerican.com • SANparks www.sanparks.co.za An59poaching team guards a Northern White Rhino. Kenya. Photo: Reuters A. More/Alterna=ve Job Opportuni=es “It’s a lucra5ve business and addic5ve like any other crime. Just that with the strict government and interna5onal legisla5on people are shying away from it, but poverty will not let them keep off it, they have to make money for their living even if it is illegal. If only employment and alterna/ve sources of livelihood can be given to forest adjacent communi/es and the poten/al poachers, then things can get on well.” Nancy Oduor, Environmental Services, Kenya 2014 B. Educa=on for Communi=es “Organiza5ons ought to begin by educa/ng the communi/es that conserva5on can pay back provided the resources are sustainably managed and poachers discouraged by way of flushing them out and not buying from them. And, “…provide the communi5es with more meaningful, worthy methods and informa5on. For example some studies have also shown that those with other means of survival are less inclined to poach.” Simba Sandram, Wildlife Law Officer, Zimbabwe 2014 C. Support from Authority “Provide educa5on to communi5es on the importance of the wild animals to the local communi5es. Also the government has to find alterna/ve ways of raising the rural economy for rural people not le< behind economically that mostly lead to poverty hence poaching as the alterna5ve means of life.” ExRpoacher, MNRRThe Wildlife Division, Tanzania 2014 When asked how Gerard felt about conserva=onists and authority figures trying to end poaching… “I respect their job, but the only problem I have with them is if only they had an alterna5ve for us, because all we have ever known, and earned a living from, is poaching. I was among the lucky ones, to get something to do, and stop poaching. Now I want this for my friends, and brothers.” Gerard Iradukunda (exRpoacher), Amahoro Tours, Rwanda, 2014 3. What We’ve Learned from Communi>es DaVinci Challenge Quadcopter, KwF 2015 Photo: www.sanparks.co.za
Transcript of New THE$NATURE$OF$POACHERS$&$SOLUTIONS$FOR$ … · 2020. 1. 2. ·...
THE$NATURE$OF$POACHERS$&$SOLUTIONS$FOR$WILDLIFE$TRAFFICKING$
Lisa%Jorgensen%and%Aliyah%Pandolfi,%CEO%of%Kashmir%World%Founda=on%1. Introduc>on$
African%wildlife%reserves%have%become%war%zones,%
par=cularly%Kruger%Na=onal%Park%in%South%Africa.%
%%
Illicit%wildlife%trade%
• Is%the%fourth%largest%illegal%ac=vity%worldwide%%• Is%worth%$23%billion%US%dollars%per%year%• Rhino%horns%and%elephant%tusks%can%fetch%up%to%$65,000R$100,000%per%kg.%
• High%demands%from%Vietnam%and%China%
%
Vietnamese%markets:%detox.,%recrea=onal%drug%use,%décor,%
jewelry.%
Chinese%markets:%décor,%jewelry,%‘cures’%for%convulsions,%
cancers,%strokes,%nosebleeds,%fevers,%etc.%
• Belief%that%rhino%horns%cure%medical%ailments%is%
s=ll%the%driving%force%behind%the%demand%in%
China%
%
1,215%rhinos%were%poached%in%2014%in%South%Africa%alone;%
approx.%100%African%elephants%are%poached%daily%con=nentR
wide.%%
Graph&via&h)p://blogs.scien5ficamerican.com/
ex5nc5on9countdown/2015/01/23/record9number9rhinos9poached/&&2015%
2.$Poaching$Reasons%Illicit%trade%is%a%dangerous%occupa=on%and%difficult%to%leave.%%
• Easy,%substan=al%money%
• Pres=ge/status%from%peers,%community%
• Religion%&%Tradi=on%• Belief%in%man’s%right%over%‘lesser’%beings%
• Passed%down%from%genera=ons%
• Men%from%impoverished,%farming%communi=es%seeking%
work%
• Necessary%to%support%self/%family%
• Lack%of:%steady%income,%means%of%transport,%
educa=on/skill%set,%support%from%local%gov'ts%
4.$Enforcement$Solu>ons%• Kashmir$Robo>cs,$wcUAVc,$Counter$Poaching$Games%
• In%response%to%the%President’s%Execu=ve%Order%on%Combaeng%Wildlife%Trafficking%
• 140%teams%from%6%con=nents%building%
technologically%advanced,%fully%
autonomous%aircraf%
• 3D%Prin=ng%• Smart%phone,%TCP/IP,%4G%
networks%
• ‘Drone%Olympics’%
• South%Africa%2015%• Provide%effec=ve,%sustainable%solu=on%to%poaching/trafficking%
%
%
%
5.$Community$Based$Solu>ons$• The$DaVinci$ChallengeQBuild$a$Drone$Workshop$
• STEAM%educa=on%
• For%local%communi=es%
• Learned/applied%skill%sets%• Crops/livestock%management%
• Monitor%wildlife/land%%
6.$Cita>ons/Acknowledgements$• Aliyah%Pandolfi%www.kashmirworldfounda=on.org%
and%www.wcuavc.com%%
• The%MNR:%Wildlife%Division%Tanzania%
hjp://www.mnrt.go.tz/sectors%%
• Amahoro%Tours%Rwanda%and%DRC%
hjp://amahoroRtours.com/%%
• Scien=fic%American%www.scien=ficamerican.com%%%
• SANparks%www.sanparks.co.za%%
An59poaching&team&guards&a&Northern&White&Rhino.&Kenya.&Photo:&Reuters&
A.%More/Alterna=ve%Job%Opportuni=es%
“It’s&a&lucra5ve&business&and&addic5ve&like&any&other&crime.&Just&that&with&the&strict&government&and&interna5onal&legisla5on&people&are­ing&away&from&it,&but&poverty&will¬&let&them&keep&off&it,&they&have&to&make&money&for&their&living&even&if&it&is&illegal.&If#only#employment#and#alterna/ve#sources#of#livelihood#can#be#given#to#forest#adjacent#communi/es#and#the#poten/al#poachers,#then#things#can#get#on#well.”%%
Nancy%Oduor,%Environmental%Services,%Kenya%2014%
%
B.%Educa=on%for%Communi=es%
“Organiza5ons&ought&to&begin#by#educa/ng#the#communi/es#that&conserva5on&can&pay&back&provided&the&resources&are&sustainably&managed&and&poachers&discouraged&by&way&of&flushing&them&out&and¬&buying&from&them.&And,&“…provide&the&communi5es&with&more&meaningful,&worthy&methods&and&informa5on.&For&example&some&studies&have&also&shown&that&those#with#other#means#of#survival#are#less#inclined#to#poach.”&&
Simba%Sandram,%Wildlife%Law%Officer,%Zimbabwe%2014%
%
C.%Support%from%Authority%
“Provide&educa5on&to&communi5es&on&the&importance&of&the&wild&animals&to&the&local&communi5es.&Also&the#government#has#to#find#alterna/ve#ways#of#raising#the#rural#economy#for#rural#people#not#le<#behind#economically#that&mostly&lead&to&poverty&hence&poaching&as&the&alterna5ve&means&of&life.”&
ExRpoacher,%MNRRThe%Wildlife%Division,%Tanzania%2014%
%
When%asked%how%Gerard%felt%about%conserva=onists%and%
authority%figures%trying%to%end%poaching…%“I&respect&their&job,&but&the&only&problem&I&have&with&them&is&if&only&they&had&an&alterna5ve&for&us,&because&all&we&have&ever&known,&and&earned&a&living&from,&is&poaching.&I#was#among#the#lucky#ones,#to#get#something#to#do,#and#stop#poaching.&Now#I#want#this#for#my#friends,#and#brothers.”&
Gerard%Iradukunda%(exRpoacher),%Amahoro%Tours,%Rwanda,%
2014%
3.$What$We’ve$Learned$from$Communi>es$
DaVinci&Challenge&Quadcopter,&KwF&2015&
Photo:&www.sanparks.co.za&&
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