New technologies applied for technological & operational ...
Transcript of New technologies applied for technological & operational ...
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New technologies applied for technological & operational
safety of Chiren UGS and before its forthcoming extension
by
Dimitar K. Shterev, M.Sc.
Storage of Natural Gas Dept.
Bulgartransgaz EAD
Chiren UGS
Legend: Main gas pipeline Gas pipeline branch Transit gas pipeline Compressor station Gas reduction station
CS Kardam 1 CS Kardam 2
CS Lozenetz
CS Strandja
Sevlievo Lovech
Zlatna Panega
Roman
Botevgrad
Elin Pelin
Pleven
Sofia
Pernik
Vratza
Montana Russe
Razgrad
Isperih Kubrat
Turgoviste
Biala Levski
Varna
Dobrich
Gen. Toshevo
Burgas
Debelt Iambol
Sliven
Rakovski
Plovdiv Pazardjik
Asenovgrad
Parvomaj
Stara Zagora
Dimitrovgrad
Haskovo CS Petrich
ROMANIA
SERBIA
GREECE
TURKEY
CS Polski Senovetz
CS Ihtiman Nova Zagora
CS Provadia
MACEDONIA
CS Valchi dol
International Gas Union, Working Committee Storage
2015-2018 Triennium, Amsterdam, March 21-24, 2016
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Chiren UGS
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Geologic structure: over-trusted zone
Orientation: NW-SE
Length: 14.2 km
Width 5.7 km
Average depth to the gas reservoir: 1790 m
Average thickness of the pay zone: 150 m
Reservoir rocks: limestones, sandstones
Basic geologic information
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Chiren UGS basic information:
Production from Chiren gas-condensate
field: 1965 – 1974
Initial pressure: 192 bar
Cyclical operation as UGS facility: since 1974 - continue
Number of injection-withdrawal wells: 23
/20 vertical + 3 deviated/
Working gas: 550 mcm
Max injection capacity: 3.6 mcm/d
Max withdrawal capacity: 4.3 mcm/d
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In the beginning… 1997 – 1998…
Bulgartransgaz was a member of the Rock
Mechanic Consortium - Integrated PoroMechanics
Institute, Oklahoma University.
Findings:
- Reservoir (gas-bearing) rocks are fractured
limestones & sandstones;
- Vertical and sub-vertical fractures;
- Fracture orientation?;
- To work in insufficient data environment…
Additional studies should be undertaken !!!
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Fracture study I:
objectives:
- to estimate and use the volumetric properties of the
gas storage reservoir in a best way;
Paleomagnetic orientation of fractures from core
material:
- to determine angular relationship between open
fractures and present-day in-situ stress directions;
- to determine orientation of open fractures;
- fractures may control the permeability anisotropy
of the reservoir rocks;
- to evaluate fracture density and fractures’
apertures vs. depth and lithology.
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Evaluation of fractures’ directions from paleomagnetically oriented core
Paleomagnetically oriented
core provides key reservoir
anisotropy information
Knowledge of reservoir
anisotropy caused by
fractures; drilling new high
production inj./w
ith. wells;
Changes in structural dip can
initiate fluid migration and
control reservoir drainage
patterns.
APPLIED PALEOMAGNETICS, INC. Santa Cruz, California
To draw up a
successful drilling
plan;
To determine the
orientation of open
natural fractures prior
to drilling;
To establish the
direction of present-
day in-situ stress;
To determine whether
the present-day in-situ
stress will hold natural
fractures open during
UGS operation ;
Predict orientation of
hydraulic fractures.
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Estimation of angular
relationship between
present-day in-situ
stress
&
open fractures
directions
(from core material)
APPLIED PALEOMAGNETICS, INC.,Santa Cruz, California
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40°
Wyoming, USA
Chiren UGS, Bulgaria
from APPLIED
PALEOMAGNETICS, Inc.,
Santa Cruz, California
Fracture permeability in Chiren UGS revealed a remarkable similarity to
fracture permeability at Little Sand Draw Field, Wyoming, USA.
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Results from the paleomagnetically
oriented core material: - The present-day in-situ stress direction is: W 880 E
- The most open and vuggy natural fractures striking on
average N 690 E, which is within 190 of the present-day in-
situ stress direction (880 – 690 = 190);
- Those fractures that strike perpendicular to present-day in-
situ stress are completely healed (closed);
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Pliensbachian
Lower
Triassic Hettangian -
Sinemurian
Middle – Upper
Triassic
+300 m
-300
0
-600
-900
-1200
-1500
-1800
+300
m
-300
0
-600
-900
-
1200
-
1500
-
1800
Hauterivian -
Barremian
Upper Jurassic -
Valangian
Dogger Toarcian
Aptian + Neogene
Drilling of deviated injection-withdrawal wells using
Measurements While Drilling (MWD) equipment
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DUAL POROSITY – DUAL PERMEABILITY
RESERVOIR SIMULATION
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Reservoir simulation objectives:
- Assessment of the INITIAL GAS in PLACE of the gas–
condensate field;
- Optimizing of wells’ injection & withdrawal regimes according
to the seasonal gas demands;
- Monitoring and prediction of Gas-Water-Contacts both in
matrix and fractures;
- Periodical assessment of possible gas losses (Technical
Losses Monitoring);
- Assessment of CUSHION and WORKING GAS for possible
extension of the UGS at new bigger levels.
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Structural maps of the gas-bearing horizons
used for the reservoir modelling
from GeoFrame
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History matching by wells in different regions
(tectonic blocks) of the gas storage reservoir
from Eclipse
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from Eclipse
History matching by wells
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Reservoir simulation at a pressure of 150 bars
Gas saturation in fractures – Capabilities of
the geologic structure:
from Eclipse
Reservoir pressure up to 150 bars
Total gas – 1.8 bcm
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Implementation of specialized well-logging
measurements
Objectives:
- Fracture study II - (type, orientation, density & aperture);
- Wells’ technical status assessments;
- Wells’ injectivity parameters;
- Petrophysical analysis.
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2½” 5¾” 85/8"
6 m
1806
101.15 m
1638.72
artificial
bottom hole
1921 m
1715
1921
1792
1774
1751
1735
11¾” 16¾”
1661.14
1359.92 m
* 1118.5
1132 *
**1417.5
1431
pe
rfora
tion
packer
cracks in
the casing
co
rros
ion
cement
box
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Evaluation of wells’ technical status
• Gas leakage behind casing • Well completion
from RST, GRIT
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• Channeling in cement
• Tracking out of gas migration using
Krypton 85 as a radio-tracer
• Cement bonds status evaluation
Assessment of the wells’
technical status
• Casing
deformations
from GRIT, USIT, RST, PMIT
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Fracture study - results from FMA loggings in deviated
well
3D view from logging tools: FMI , UBI, HALS
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Specialized well-logging measurements in the newly-dilled
deviated wells
/fracture orientation, porosity, aperture and density/
3-D view from FMI
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Juxtaposition of open
fractures registered by
well-logging
measurements
with
fracture study of a core
material taken from the
same depth
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(Petrophysical analysis
vs. gas saturation)
Composite display form
well-loggings made in
newly-drilled deviated well
from GeoFrame, ELANPlus
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New surface facilities modules installed
in Chiren UGS
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Separation of the liquid phase unit (condensate from water)
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Compressor’s oil filtering unit
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Individual separation of wells
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Manifold
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Gas dehydration unit
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Gas metering ultrasonic unit
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System for automated control data monitoring and archiving
Oil filtering unit
Gas dehydration
Power supply
0,4 – 20 kV
Individual
separation
New manifold
Compressor
workshop
Dispatching
hall Wells’ telemetry
Dispatching system
WPS32
SCADA Honeywell EXPERION
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Scheme of wells’ telemetry system
EXPERION SCADA
in Chiren UGS
Server in Chiren UGS
Working station
Working station in Sofia’s Headquarter
150 МНz 2,4 GНz
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Extension of Chiren UGS – to increase storage capacity
- Active gas volume – from 550 to 1000 mcm;
- Daily capacity – from 4.25 to 10.00 mcm/d;
- Drilling of 12 new deviated inj./with wells (2
observation wells will);
- New compressors;
- Additional manifold unit;
- Additional individual separation units;
- New dehydration unit;
- New linking gas flow-lines and new metering units.
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Extension of Chiren UGS - Preliminary studies:
1. Geo-mechanical modelling & simulation - done;
2. Surface gas survey - done;
3. 3-D Seismic survey – is coming
Objectives:
To evaluate the integrity (tightness) of the
geological structure and equipment up to certain
levels of increased reservoir pressures.
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Geo-mechanical modelling and simulation
- Mechanical properties of reservoir and cap
rocks;
- Stress, strain estimation;
- Fault modelling and simulation;
- Simulation to 130, 150 and 180 bars.
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The study has been completed by UMG Engineering LTD, a
part of University of Mining and Geology, Sofia, Bulgaria.
UMG Engineering LTD.
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Geo-mechanical assessment of strain deformations
- coupled modelling by the use of PETREL and
VISAGE, Schlumberger products
130 bars
150 bars
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Fault simulation and stress estimation using
VISAGE of Schlumberger
Simulation (BARS)
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130 180
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Permeability changes - Simulation at 130 bars
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Permeability changes - Simulation at 150 bars
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Permeability changes - Simulation at 180 bars
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- 620 samples in grid 500 x 500 m on the Chiren structure;
- 300 samples located on faults;
- 320 samples located on the existing wells sites.
No surface gas flow was identified !
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The study has been completed by UMG Engineering LTD, a part
of University of Mining and Geology, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Surface Gas Survey on the Chiren UGS structure
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Surface Gas Survey - Sampling locations
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Surface Gas Survey - Field works and laboratory
measurements
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Surface Gas Survey – Gas content map
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Upcoming activities of significant importance:
- 3D seismic acquisition survey of 200 sq. km; 3D
seismic survey received funding from EC;
- The bidding process for 3D seismic survey is still
going on;
- After processing and interpretation of the results
from the 3D seismic survey, updating of geo-
mechanical model is possible.
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A sunset view from Chiren UGS area
APPLIED PALEOMAGNETICS, INC. Santa Cruz, California
UMG Engineering LTD.
Thanks to:
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