New Swati-part-6-grade 6 CBSE

esjh fga nh % I;kjh fga nhcPpksa esa fga nh osQ izfr #fp mRiUu gks losQ] blosQ fy, k:jh gS fdiqLrd jkspd rFkk vkd"kZd gksA ikB Kkuo/Zd rFkk ubZ&ubZ tkudkfj;ksaosQ lkFk&lkFk fofo/rk fy, gq, gksaA cPps fga nh Hkk"kk dks cks> ule>dj viuh I;kjh Hkk"kk le>dj ik,A

2- ewyHkkoikB dk ewyHkko fn;k x;k gS] rkfd ikB osQ mn~ns';dks Hkyh&Hkkfr le> losaQA

3- thou&ewY; vkSj n`f"Vdks.kvk/qfud ;qx us lHkh dks LokFkhZrFkk vkReosaQfnzr cuk fn;k gSA vr% k:jh gS fd ikB esa ftuthou&ewY;ksa dks mHkkjk x;k gS] cPps mldh lkFkZdrk dks le>sa rFkkvius mnkj n`f"Vdks.k dks fodflr djsaA cPpksa ls Hkh thou&ewY; rFkkmudk n`f"Vdks.k iwNk tk ldrk gSA

4- Hkk"kkxr ;ksX;rk, vkSj dkS'kyikB~;iqLrd vkSj vH;kl&iqfLrdkesa fn, x, fofHkUu izdkj osQ vH;klksa n~okjk Hkk"kk dh ;ksX;rkvksa vkSjoqQ'kyrkvksa dk fed fodkl djok;k x;k gSA

5- fo'ks"kikB ls lacaf/r vU; tkudkjh nsus ;k cPpksa ls iwNusdk iz;kl fd;k x;kA blls cPpksa dh ckSn~f/d {kerk dk ifjp;feysxk rFkk mudh rkfoZQd rFkk oSpkfjd 'kfDr dk fodkl gksxkA

(vii)

(viii)

6- ljykFkZdfBu xn~; rFkk dkO;&iafDr;ksa dk ljykFkZ fn;kx;k gS] rkfd cPpksa dks vklkuh ls le>k;k tk losQA

7- ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;kllquuk] cksyuk] i

panzeklwjt dh xehZ ls tc /jrh xeZ gks tkrh gS] rc pkn fudydjrih gqbZ /jrh ij viuh pknuh dks fc[ksjdj 'khryrk iznku djrkgS] ftldk Lokxr isM+&ikSks] euq"; tu] i'kq&i{kh rFkk i`Foh ijjgus okys lHkh tho&tarq djrs gSaA3- euq"; dk lcls igyk drZO; gS fd og ftl ns'k esa iSnk gqvk

gS] tgk ij iydj cM+k gqvk gS] tgk osQ vUu us mldhmnj&iwfrZ dh gS] tgk dh feV~Vh esa [ksydj lq[k ik;k gS]ekSt&eLrh dh gS] ml ns'k esa jgus okys lHkh fuokfl;ksa dhlsok fu%LokFkZ Hkko ls djsA

4- LokFkhZ euq"; vius LokFkZ osQ fy, vPNs&cqjs dh igpku djukNksM+ nsrk gSA bPNk dh iwfrZ osQ fy, og dksbZ Hkh vuqfpr dk;Zdj ldrk gSA mlosQ fy, eku&lEeku dh dksbZ prk ughagksrhA ;gk rd fd yksHk osQ pDdj esa fliZQ oqQN #i;ksa dh[k+kfrj og lekk] ifjokj o ns'k dks Hkh cfy dk cdjk cukMkyrk gS] ml dk;Z dks djus osQ ckn D;k ?kkrd ifj.kke gksaxs]mldh prk Hkh ugha djrk gSA

5- bl dfork ls gesa ;g f'k{kk feyrh gS] tc lw;Z pkn] /jrh]isM+&ikS/s] iRrs] i'kq&i{kh o izfr fu%LokFkZ Hkko ls dke djrsgSa] rks gesa Hkh dk;Z fu%LokFkZ Hkko ls djus pkfg, vkSj viuhns'k dh lsok djuh pkfg,A

nwjnf'kZrkl /jrh] vkdk'k] isM+&ikS/s] i'kq&i{kh gekjs fy, fuEufyf[kr

dk;Z djrs gSa%/jrh osQ dk;Z

1- /jrh ij ge tUe ysrs gSaA ;g euq";ksa vkSj i'kq&i{kh lHkh dksBgjus osQ fy, txg nsrh gSA ;g dbZ rjg dh feV~Vh nsrh gStgk ij fofHkUu izdkj dh +iQly mxkbZ tkrh gSA

10 | Lokfr % f'k{kd&nf'kZdk (Hkkx&2) Lokfr % f'k{kd&nf'kZdk (Hkkx&2) | 11

D:\Saras\Swati-VI\Swati-6 01-04-2009 (Darbari)

dkO;&iafDr;ksa dk Li"Vhdj.k % l rqe euq"; gks] vfer cqn~f/&cy----------rqeus fut thou esa\dfo l`f"V osQ vusd mnkgj.k nsdj euq"; dks vius drZO; dks iw.kZdjus osQ fy, izsfjr dj jgk gSA euq"; lHkh izkf.k;ksa esa Js"B gSA mlosQikl 'kkjhfjd cy osQ lkFk ckSn~f/d cy Hkh gSA tc NksVs&NksVs izk.khfuLokFkZ gksdj dk;Z dj jgs gSa] rks euq"; dks Hkh vius thou dkmn~ns'; ^ekuo lsok* ;k deZ djuk gh gksuk pkfg,A mls osQoy viusfy, deZ ugha djuk pkfg,A vfirq bl lalkj esa mlosQ thou dkmn~ns';^^lcdh lsok rFkk vPNs deZ djuk gh gksuk pkfg,A**

ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;klvkb,] ns[ksa vkius D;k&D;k tkuk\1- tM+ vkSj psru esa lekurk, fuEufyf[kr gSa%

1- nksuksa viuk dke izfrfnu djrs gSaA2- tM+ vkSj psru osQ dk;Z vkSj le; fuf'pr gSaA izfr Hkh blesa

ck/k mifLFkr ugha djrhA3- buosQ lHkh dk;Z vius vki gh gks tkrs gSaA ;s fu%LokFkZ Hkko ls

euq";ksa dh lsok djrs gSaA4- mQtkZ nsdj euq";ksa osQ vanj 'kfDr dk lapkj djrs gSaA lwjt]

panzek] i'kq&i{kh] tM+ o psru lHkh fu%LokFkZ lsok djosQ gesaoqQN u oqQN nsrs gSaA

2- lw;Zlw;Z va/dkj dks nwj djosQ vkSj viuh mQtkZ dks ge lHkh euq";ksao i'kq&i{kh dks nsdj thou esa ,d ubZ 'kfDr dk lapkj djrk gSAlwjt dh xehZ ls gh fdlku dh i+ Qly iddj rS;kj gksrh gS]ftlls mlosQ ifjokj esa [kq'kgkyh vk tkrh gSA lw;Z osQ fcuk gefaknxh dh dYiuk ugha dj ldrsA


2- /jrh ij gh taxy ik, tkrs gSa] tgk ls fofHkUu izdkj osQisM+&ikS/s o tM+h&cwVh ikbZ tkrh gSA mu tM+h cwfV;ksa osQ n~okjkfofHkUu izdkj dh chekfj;ksa dk bykt fd;k tkrk gSA

3- /jrh osQ xHkZ esa gh yksgk] rkck] rsy] [kfut vkfn inkFkZ ik,tkrs gSaA

4- /jrh ij leqnz] unh] igkM+] >jus gSa tgk ij ufn;k fofHkUuekxks ls cgrh gqbZ ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku rd tkrh gSaA tydk eq[; ksr /jrh gh gS] tks ge lHkh osQ fy, lathouh cwVhdk dke djrh gSA

vkdk'k osQ dk;Z1- /jrh gekjh ekrk gS rks vkdk'k gekjk firk gSA ftldh

N=kNk;k esa jgdj ge lHkh vkdk'k esa fudyus okys lw;Z]panzek vkSj vla[; rkjksa dks ns[k ldrs gSaA

2- ge lHkh muls mQtkZ ysdj vius vanj ,d ubZ 'kfDr dk lapkjdjrs gSa] izsj.kk ysrs gSa] thou esa meax] mRlkg Hkjrs gSa vkSjvius dk;ks dks mRlkg osQ lkFk djrs gSaA

3- vkdk'k esa gh ckny xjt&xjtdj ve`r :ih o"kkZ i`Foh ijdjrs gSa] ftuls lHkh dk eu e;wj dh rjg ukpus yxrk gSA

4- vkdk'k esa iousa dHkh ean xfr ls] rks dHkh rst xfr ls pyrhgSaA /jrh ij thfor jgus osQ fy, ok;q dh vR;ar vko';drkgksrh gS] ftUgsa vkdk'k nsrk gSA

5- u,&u, 'kL=kksa dk fuekZ.k djosQ euq"; ubZ&ubZ felkbyksa dksvkdk'k esa NksM+rk gSA fodflr jk"Vksa us mixzgksa dk fuekZ.kdjosQ vkdk'k esa gh LVs'ku cuk fn, gSaA

isM+&ikS/s osQ dk;Z1- thfor jgus osQ fy, gesa vkgkj dh k:jr gksrh gS tks fd gesa

isM+&ikS/ksa ls gh izkIr gksrs gSaA isM+&ikS/s gesa vukt] lfCk;k oiQy nsrs gSaA

2- isM+&ikS/s] taxyksa esa dbZ izdkj dh tM+h&cwVh nsus dk dk;Z djrsgSa ftUgsa uhe gdhe igpku dj mldk iz;ksx chekfj;ksa dks nwjdjus esa djrs gSaA

3- /jrh ij pkjksa vksj gfj;kyh bUgha isM+&ikS/ksa osQ n~okjk gh laHkogSA vk/qfud ;qx esa 'kgjksa esa ckx&cxhpksa osQ egRRo dks le>rsgq, ljdkj pkjksa vksj ikoZQ dh O;oLFkk dj jgh gS] ftuls geLoLFk jgsa vkSj chekfj;ksa ls cps jgsaA

4- 'kqn~/ vkWDlhtu rks isM+&ikS/s gh nsrs gSa vkSj dkcZuMkbvkDlkbMdks ysdj okrkoj.k dks 'kqn~/ cukrs gSaA

i'kq&i{kh osQ dk;Z1- i'kq&i{kh ,slh vueksy fuf/ gS ftldh jpuk bZ'oj us dh gSA

i'kq gks ;k i{kh] ;s lHkh vkthou fu%LokFkZ Hkko ls lsok djrsgSa vkSj ejus osQ ckn Hkh buosQ peM+ksa ls cSx] twrs dbZ izdkj dhoLrq, cukdj iz;ksx esa yk, tkrs gSaA nwljs 'kCnksa esa ge dgldrs gSa fd ;gh izk.kh ,slk gS] tks ejus osQ ckn Hkh gekjh lsokdjrk gSA

2- i'kq&i{kh ge lHkh dk euksjatu Hkh djrs gSaA i{kh rjg&rjgdh ofu fudkydj gesa lq[k igqpkrs gSaA fo'ks"kdj dks;y dhowQ&owQ vkSj Hkojksa dk xqatuA

3- gkFkh] cSy] xk;] oqQRrk vkSj vU; tkuojksa dk Hkh euq"; usviuh cqn~f/ dk iz;ksx djosQ mi;ksxh cuk fy;k gS] gkFkh tSlsfo'kkydk; 'kjhj okys tkuoj ls ydM+h


gesa muosQ fy, fuEufyf[kr dk;Z djus pkfg,1- gesa le; ij isM+&ikS/s yxkus pkfg,A2- o`{kksa dh dVkbZ dks jksduk pkfg,A3- lHkh izdkj osQ iznw"k.kksa ls budh j{kk djuh pkfg,A4- le; ij isM+&ikS/ksa dks ikuh o [kkn nsrs jguk pkfg, rFkk

cPpksa esa isM+&ikS/s osQ izfr lsok dh Hkkouk txkuh pkfg,] mUgsavglkl djk, fd muesa Hkh tho (vkRek) dk okl gksrk gSA

5- fdlh Hkh i'kq&i{kh dks rax ugha djuk pkfg, vkSj u gh ekjukpkfg,A lekt esa oqQN vlkekfkd rRo taxyksa esa f'kdkjdjosQ mudh peM+h dk fu;kZr djrs gSaA vijk/h O;fDr dksdM+k&ls&dM+k naM nsuk pkfg,] naM nsrs le; fdlh Hkh izdkjdk Hksn&Hkko ugha gksuk pkfg,A fu;eksa dk l[rh osQ lkFkikyu djuk pkfg,A

dYiuk dh mM+kul ge vius ns'k dks egku cukus osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr dk;Z djsaxs %1- vglk] n;k] izse] R;kx tSls vewY; fln~/karksa dk izpkj vkSj izlkj

?kj ls 'kq: dj ns'k osQ fofHkUu jkT;ksa] LowQyksa] dkWystksa] lsfeukjksaesa okrkZ&xks"Bh dk lgkjk ysrs gq, fons'kksa esa tkdj bldk egRole>k,xsA

2- ,sls fln~/karksa dk fuekZ.k djsaxs] ftuls fonsf'k;ksa lfgr viusns'kokfl;ksa dk n; ifjorZu dj losQ vkSj vkradokn ls fyIrvijkf/;ksa dk lgh ekxZn'kZu djosQ mUgsa lgh jkLrs ij yk,A

3- dkuwuksa dks u;s lekt dh vko';drk osQ vuq:i ifjorZudjosQ fons'kh O;kikj dh uhfr dks yphyk cuk,xs rkfd fons'kksaesa cls gq, Hkkjrh; ;gk ij u, mn~;ksxksa dks LFkkfir djosQ] ns'kosQ yk[kksa csjkskxkjksa dks jkskxkj ns losaQA

4- fons'kh eqnzk dks izkIr djus osQ fy, vk;kr&fu;kZr* dh iz.kkyhesa ^ykblsal* nsus dh iz.kkyh esa lq/kj yk,xs] rkfd fons'kksa esagekjs ns'k dh Nfo vPNh gksA

5- cSadksa ls vklku fd'rksa ij .k dh lqfo/k iznku djsaxs]djuh&dFkuh dk +iQoZQ feVk nsxsa vkSj tks dgsaxs] ogh djsaxsA

O;kdj.k dh ckrl Lo $ deZ LodeZ vk $ tUe vktUe

m $ .k m.k iz $ dkj izdkjfo $ o'k foo'k v $ ukFk vukFk

vkb,] vc oqqQN vkSj djsa %l ge vius ekrk&firk rFkk xq#vksa osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr dk;Z

djsaxs %1- cM+ksa dh vkKk ekusaxs vkSj mudh ckrksa ;k lykg dks roZQ

fd, fcuk eku ysaxsA2- ge vuq'kklu esa jgdj le; ij gh dk;Z pkgs og ?kj dk

gks ;k LowQy dk djus dh dksf'k'k djsaxsA3- vuq'kklu esa jgdj [ksy&owQn esa fgLlk ysaxsA viuh Vhe dks

fot;h cukus osQ fy, fojks/h i{k dh Vhe osQ fdlh Hkhf[kykM+h dks pksV ugha igqpk,xsA

4- ?kj vkSj LowQy dh nhokjksa dks xank ugha djsaxsA l +iQkbZ dkfo'ks"k ;ku j[ksaxs] dkxk osQ VqdM+ksa dks ;k dksbZ Hkh csdkjoLrq dks ^owQM+snku* esa MkysaxsA

5- b/j&m/j ugha FkwosaQxs] u gh ekjihV djsaxsA6- vius vPNs dk;ks osQ n~okjk ekrk&firk rFkk LowQy esa xq#vksa

dk uke lekt rFkk jk"V esa jks'ku djsaxsA fons'kksa esa tkdjHkh vPNs dk;Z djsasxs rFkk mu usrkvksa] f[kykfM+;ksa ls Hkhizsj.kk ysaxs] ftUgksaus fons'kksa esa tkdj jk"V dk lj mQpkfd;kA lfpu rsanqydj] ihVh mQ"kk] dYiuk pkoyk] fdj.kcsnh] bafnjk xka/h] egkRek xka/h rFkk vla[; usrkvksa dks bl


/jk us tUe fn;kA gesa Hkh oqQN cuuk gS rks nsj fdl ckrdh--------A

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2- gekjs lkFkhgekjk thouizfrikn~; fo"k; %^gekjs lkFkhgekjk thou* ikB ouLifr txr osQ ckjs esa tkudkjhnsrk gSA cPpksa n~okjk viuh fosQV xsan


nwjn'krk1- ikyd] xksHkh] eVj] djsyk] cSaxuA2- ewyh] vkyw] xktj] 'kyxe] ftehoaQnA

dYiuk dh mM+kul xktj foVkfeu ,*] ikyd yksg&rRo] uhacw foVkfeu ^lh*]

cSaxu yksg&rRo] dn~nw yksg&rRo] djsyk yksg&rRoA

O;kdj.k dh ckr1- iRrh ifRr;k ia[kk ia[ks

Vksdjh Vksdfj;k xsan xsansanokbZ nokb;k csy csysa

2- csudkc vufxurcsuke vupkghcseryc vudghcs'keZ vutkuh

vkb,] vc oqQN vkSj djsal lfCk;k] tks eq>s vPNh lfCk;k] tks eq>s vPNh

yxrh gSa% ugha yxrha gSa%vkyw djsykeVj ykSdhxksHkh] fHkaMh cSaxuVekVj ikydxktj dn~nw

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3- yksVk Hkj ikuhizfrikn~; fo"k; %floaQnj dks vius fo'o fotsrk gksus ij cgqr ?keaM FkkA tc og Hkkjrvk;k rc mldh eqykdkr ,d I+kQdhj ls gqbZA I +kQdhj us iwNk fd ;fnrqe fdlh fnu e#LFky esa HkVd tkvks vkSj I;kl yxus ij rqEgsa dghaikuh u feys] rc ,sls laoQV osQ le; esa eSa vius yksVs esa ikuh ysdjogk igqp tk ] rc rqe eq>s ml ikuh osQ cnys D;k nksxs\ floaQnj usfuHkZ; gksdj dgk fd og vk/k jkT; ns nsxkA I +kQdhj osQ euk djus ijfloaQnj us dgk fd iwjk jkT; ns nsxkA floaQnj dh ckr lqu I+kQdhj usrkuk ekjk fd rq>s fdl ckr dk ?keaM gSA rqEgkjk iwjk lkezkT; ,dyksVs Hkj ikuh ls vf/d oqQN ughaA floaQnj fu#Rrj gks x;kAewyHkko %^yksVk Hkj ikuh* dgkuh esa egku floaQnj o I+kQdhj dh ?kVuk osQek;e ls ;gh lans'k fn;k x;k gS fd euq"; thou esa fdruh Hkh mUufrD;ksa u dj ys] fdruk Hkh eku&lEeku] /u&laifRr] ;'k&oSHko D;ksa udek ys] mls lnSo uez jguk pkfg,] ?keaM ugha djuk pkfg,] D;ksafdthou esa oqQN Hkh LFkk;h ugha] lHkh oqQN u'oj gSA vr% vgadkj ls nwjjguk pkfg,A fdlh dks Hkh NksVk ugha le>uk pkfg,Athou&ewY; vkSj n`f"Vdks.k %vgadkj u djus dh izsj.kk nsuk] lHkh dk vknj djuk] fdlh dks NksVku le>uk] vk;kfRed 'kfDr dk egRRo] uezrk] ln~O;ogkj tSls xq.kksadk fodkl vkfnAHkk"kkxr ;ksX;rk, vkSj dkS'ky %'kCnkFkZ] iz'uksa osQ mRrj nsuk] fjDr LFkku iwfrZ] oxZ igsyh n~okjkckSn~f/d {kerk dk fodkl] foykse 'kCn] n~foRo O;atu] dfBu'kCnkH;kl] laokn&;kstukA


dfBu iafDr;ksa dk ljykFkZ %l mldh cqn~f/ dk yksgk lHkh ekurs FksAfloaQnj us fo'o osQ vusd ns'kksa dks thrdj viuh 'kfDr dk izn'kZu

fd;k FkkA mldk nkok Fkk fd mls dksbZ Hkh gjk ugha ldrkA og viusizR;sd ;qn~/ esa fdl j.kuhfr] fdl fon~;k o fdl ubZ rduhd dkbLrseky djsxk] bldk vankkk dksbZ ugha yxk ikrk FkkA mlosQ vnE;lkgl] cy vkSj cqn~f/ dh ljkguk izR;sd O;fDr djrk FkkA mlosQ tSlkuhfr&fuiq.k] cqn~f/eku o prqj dksbZ ugha FkkA vr% lHkh jktk&egkjktkrFkk lsukifr mlosQ dkS'ky osQ lkeus ureLrd FksA

ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;klvkb,] ns[ksa vkius D;k&D;k tkuk\

1- floaQnj us o"kks rd ;qn~/ dj fdrus gh ns'kksa dks thrk FkkA ogdHkh fdlh ls ugha gkjk FkkA og fo'o&fotsrk ekuk tkrk Fkk]blfy, mls egku floaQnj dgk tkrk gSA

2- floaQnj osQ fy, fo'ks"k vknj.kh; lSfud Fks] D;ksafd vius lsukosQ cycwrs ij gh mlus vusd ns'kksa dks thrdj fo'o fotsrk dkf[krkc gkfly fd;k FkkA

3- I+kQdhj ls feyus ij floaQnj dks gSjkuh blfy, gqbZ fd vktrd lHkh mlosQ lkeus >qdrs Fks vkSj mlls vk[ksa feykus rddk lkgl fdlh esa ugha Fkk] ijarq bl I+kQdhj us mls ek=k flikghekuk Fkk vkSj mlls fcuk Mjs roZQ&foroZQ dj jgk FkkA

4- I+kQdhj dh oqQfV;k esa ,d ykBh] ,d yksVk vkSj ,d oqQ'k dkvklu FkkA

5- I+kQdhj ;g fln~/ djuk pkgrk Fkk fd floaQnj egku ugha gSAoLrqr% dksbZ Hkh egku ugha gSA

6- I+kQdhj osQ ;g dgus ij fd esjk yksVk rqEgkjs jkT; ls oqQN NksVkugha] fiQj rqEgsa fdl ckr dh vdM+ gS\ floaQnj fu#Rrj gksx;kA

l (d) lSfud] ([k) lezkV v'kksd] floaQnj](x) iwjk jkT;] (?k) pj.kksaA

nwjnf'kZrkl v'kksd] tgkxhj] panzxqIr]

usiksfy;u] vdcjAdYiuk dh mM+kul ,d ckj ,d gkFkh eLr gksdj vius 'kjhj dks ,d isM+ osQ rus

ls jxM+us yxkA mlh isM+ ij fpfM+;k dk ,d ?kksalyk Fkk] ftlesamlosQ nks vaMs FksA fpfM+;k us gkFkh dks isM+ fgykus ls euk fd;k]ysfdu gkFkh ugha ekukA mlus isM+ dks vkSj Hkh kksj ls fgyk;k]ftl dkj.k fpfM+;k dk ?kksalyk kehu ij fxj x;k vkSj mlosQnksuksa vaMs Hkh VwV x,A fpfM+;k ek;wl gksdj jksus yxhA rHkh ,dphaVh ogk vkbZ] mlus fpfM+;k ls jksus dk dkj.k iwNkA fpfM+;kus lkjh ckr crk nhA mldh ckr lqudj phaVh dks cgqr xqLlkvk;kA mlus fpfM+;k ls gkFkh dks ekk p[kkus dk ok;nk djlh/s gkFkh osQ ikl xbZ vkSj cksyh^^vks ikxy gkFkh] rwus ,slkD;ksa fd;k\** ,d phaVh dks bl izdkj yydkjrs gq, ns[kdjgkFkh dks cgqr glh vkbZA mlus mloQk [kwc ekkd mM+k;k]ysfdu phaVh us mldh fcYoqQy ijokg u djrs gq,] mldh lwM+esa ?kqldj dkVuk 'kq: dj fn;kA vc rks gkFkh nnZ ls ijs'kkugksdj phaVh dks ckj&ckj viuh lwM+ ls ckgj fudkyus dhdksf'k'k djus yxk] ijarq gkj x;kA mldks viuh xyrh dk,glkl gks x;k vkSj mlus phaVh ls eki- Qh ekxhA gkFkh dks viuscyoku gksus dk tks ?keaM Fkk] og pwj&pwj gks x;kA

O;kdj.k dh ckr1- gkj thr lLrk egxk

ubZ iqjkuh ew[kZ fon~oku


jktk jad cspuk [kjhnukvknj fujknj mEehn ukmEehn

2- Ll&xqLlk Rr&fujQRrjEe&fgEer

vkb,] vc oqQN vkSj djsal dke de jktk jkt

Hkksj Hkj osQyk dykf?kj ?kj Mksj Mjogh og iwQy iQydhy dy iqy iy

qq

4- ued dk eksyizfrikn; fo"k; %dHkh Hkh viuh cqn~f/ vkSj rkdr ij ?keaM ugha djuk pkfg,ApkVqdkjksa ls nwj jguk pkfg,A thou esa ued dk cgqr egRRo gSA ;gdgkuh bUgha ckrksa dks izfrikfnr djrh gSA bl dgkuh esa ,d jktk osQrhu csfV;k FkhaA ,d fnu mlus rhuksa ls iwNk fd^os mls fdruk I;kjdjrh gSa\* igyh csVh us vius I;kj dks lksus osQ leku vueksy rFkknwljh csVh us vius I;kj dks leqnz dh rjg xgjk vkSj ghjs&eksrh dhrjg 'kqn~/ crk;kA rhljh csVh ls iwNus ij mlus vius I;kj dks ,dcsVh dk cki osQ fy, tks I;kj gksrk gS] mlosQ leku crk;kA nqckjkiwNus ij mlus vius I;kj dks ued ftruk crk;kA jktk viuh csVh lscgqr ukjkk gq, vkSj mldh 'kknh ,d fHk[kkjh ls dj nhA jktk dhcsVh rFkk mldk ifr nksuksa cgqr le>nkj rFkk esgurh FksA ifjJe ls/u dekdj os cgqr vehj gks x,A ,d ckj mUgksaus jktk dks [kkus ij

cqyk;k vkSj fcuk ued dk cuk [kkuk ijkslkA jktk cgqr ksf/r gq,AmUgksaus dgk fd fcuk ued dk [kkuk dkSu [kk ldrk gSA csVh us ?kw?kVmBkdj dgk fd^vkidks ghjs&eksrh vkSj lksus ls Hkh ;knk uedilan gSA* jktk dks ued dh dher le> esa vk xbZAewyHkko %ued dk eksy ghjs&eksrh vkSj lksus ls Hkh ;knk gSA ekuo&thou esaued dk cgqr egRRo gSA euq"; dks dHkh Hkh vgadkjh ugha cuukpkfg,Athou&ewY; vkSj n`f"Vdks.k %ued dk egRRo] oko~Q&pkrq;Z] ifjJeh cuus dh izsj.kk] cM+ksa dkvknj&lRdkj rFkk lsokHkko dh HkkoukA euq";ksa dks vgadkjh ughacuuk pkfg,AHkk"kkxr ;ksX;rk, vkSj dkS'ky %izR;kLej.k] dkj.k tkuuk] fYakx cnyuk] i;kZ;okph] dYiuk 'kfDr dhvfHkon~f/] vfrfjDr tkudkjhA


1- jktk viuh csfV;ksa ls ;g tkuuk pkgrs Fks] fd os (mudhcsfV;k) mUgsa fdruk I;kj djrh gSaA

2- rhljh csVh dh ckr lqudj jktk ukjkk gks x, FksA3- jktk us rhljh csVh dh 'kknh fHk[kkjh ls djosQ mls lkk nhA 4- fHk[kkjh ls 'kknh djosQ jktoqQekjh us vius xgus cspdj ,d

kehu dk VqdM+k fy;k vkSj ifr osQ lkFk [kwc esgur djusyxhA


5- ge vius ekrk&firk ls mruk gh I;kj djrs gSa ftruk rhljhjktoqQekjh us vius ekrk&firk ls fd;k FkkA

nwjnf'kZrk vxj gekjs Hkkstu esa lc ehBk&gh&ehBk ;k iQhdk&gh&iQhdk

gksrk rk s %1- gekjk [kkus dk eu oqQN le; ckn ugha djsxkA2- gekjh [kkus osQ izfr v#fp gks tk,xh] [kkus dks ns[kdj

ukd&eqg fldksM+saxsA3- Hkkstu csLokn yxsxkA ;knk ehBk [kkus ls ;k ;knk iQhdk

[kkus ls ge vius&vki dks jksxh le>us yxsaxsA4- gesa Hkw[k rks yxh gksxh] ysfdu oqQN u dj ikus dh fLFkfr

gksus osQ dkj.k xqLlk cgqr vkus yxsxkA5- gesa ehBk vkSj ued larqfyr ek=kk esa Hkkstu esa ysuk iM+sxkA

fdlh Hkh phk dh vf/drk o deh gesa uqdlku igqpkldrh gSA

dYiuk dh mM+ku vxj ge jktk dh rhljh csVh gksrs] rks jktk dks ued dk egRRo

crkrs D;ksafd ued osQ fcuk ge Hkkstu dk Lokn ugha ys ik,xsrFkk bldh deh ls 'kjhj dks fofHkUu chekfj;ksa dk lkeuk djukiM+sxk] tks fd lsgr osQ fy, Bhd ugha gSA ued dk eksy gekjsthou esa ghjs&eksrh ls c


thou&ewY; vkSj n`f"Vdks.k %dfBu&ls&dfBu dk;Z djosQ fuMj cuus dh izsj.kk nsuk] ohj vkSj dk;jesa varj dk crkuk] viuh Hkhrjh 'kfDr dks igpkuus dh izsj.kk nsukAHkk"kkxr ;ksX;rk, vkSj dkS'ky %HkkokFkZ tkuuk] dfo dk thou&ifjp;] iz'uksa osQ mRrj] roZQiw.kZ mRrjnsuk] foykse 'kCn] eqgkojksa osQ vFkZ vkSj okD; iz;ksx] dkO;&iafDr;ksadk lk/kj.k okD;ksa esa :ikarj.kA

ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;klvkb,] ns[ksa vkius D;k&D;k tkuk\1- dfo us blfy, dgk dksbZ dke dfBu ugha gS] D;ksafd ge viuh

'kfDr dks ugha igpkurs gSaA ge dksbZ Hkh dke dks 'kq# djus lsigys ;g lkspdj gh Mj tkrs gSa] fd liQyrk izkIr dj ik,xs;k ughaA ge fdlh Hkh dke dks fuMjrk osQ lkFk vklku djosQdke;kch gkfly dj ldrs gSaA

2- gj eqf'dy dks ge yxkrkj Je djosQ vkSj dke osQ izfr yxkomRiUu djosQ vklku dj ldrs gSaA

3- tks ekuo leqnz dh xgjkbZ esa tkrs gSa] mUgsa gh eksrh feyrk gSAogha O;fDr xgjs ikuh ls eksrh yk ldrk gS] ftls ikuh esa MwcukvkSj ikuh ls fudyuk vkrk gksA

4- dk;j O;fDr dfBukbZ osQ le; cM+h&cM+h eqlhcrksa osQ vkus ijHkkX; dk jksuk jksrs gSaA

5- ohjksa osQ lkeus cM+h&cM+h eqlhcrsa Hkh NksVh gks tkrh gSa] tks euq";gldj eqlhcrksa dk lkeuk djrs gSa muosQ pj.kkssa osQ vkxs ioZrHkh viuk flj >qdk ysrs gSaA liQyrk ,sls ohjksa osQ dne pwerhgS] tks fuMjrk osQ lkFk vkxs c


6- budh lksp udkjkRed gksrh gS rFkk buosQ vkl&ikl osQ yksx ookrkoj.k Hkh udkjkRed gksrk gSA

7- budh dksbZ bPNk'kfDr ugha gksrh gSA8- dk;j yksx yksxksa osQ ihNs gh pyrs gSa] muij fuHkZj jgrs gSaA9- ijra=krk dk thou thrs gSa] Lo;a dk 'kks"k.k djokrs gSaA fonzksg

ugha dj ldrs gSaA2- thou esa liQyrk fli+ ZQ ohjksa dks feyrh gS] D;ksafd os gj dke

dks viuh 'kfDr osQ cy ij iwjk dj ysrs gSaA ohj cM+h ls cM+heqlhcr vkus ij Hkh ?kcjkrk ugha gS] dej dldj glrs gq,mudk eqdkcyk djrk gSA

dYiuk dh mM+ku^^;fn dfBu ugha gS dke] Hkyk mldk fiQj djuk D;k** bl iafDrosQ Hkkoksa osQ vuqlkj] dke djus dk vkuan rHkh vkrk gS tc ogeqf'dy gksA vklku dke dks dksbZ Hkh dj ldrk gS] foaQrq ftlesafgEer gksxh og gh dfBu dke dks pqukSrh osQ :i esa ysxk vkSj mlslk/kj.k le>dj djsxk] cks> osQ :i esa ughaA og ml le; rd pSudh uhan ugha ysxk] tc rd fd og dke;kc u gks tk, ;kuh eaftyrd u igqp tk,Agk ! ge dfo osQ fopkjksa ls 'kr izfr'kr lger gSa] D;ksafd thou esa gjdke vklku gksrk gSA vkylh o dk;jksa osQ fy, vklku dke HkhdfBu gksrk gSA gj balku esa 'kfDr fNih gqbZ gksrh gS ftlosQ ckjs esa ogtkurk ugha gSA ;fn dksbZ mls mldh fNih gqbZ 'kfDr osQ ckjs esa crkns] rks mlosQ vlaHko uke dh dksbZ phk ugha gksxhA eafty rd igqpusosQ fy, jkLrksa esa vkus okyh eqlhcrksa dk lkeuk gldj] dej dldjdjuk gksxk] dke osQ izfr yxko o rhoz bPNk 'kfDr dks iSnk djukgksxk vkSj dfBukb;ksa dk Lokxr djuk gksxkA ohjksa osQ pj.kksa esa lkjhnqfu;k >qdrh gS] bl dF; dks ;kn djosQ dke djuk iM+sxkA

O;kdj.k dh ckr1- 1- dfBu vklku 5- Hkyk nq"V

2- gluk jksuk 6- ohj Mjiksd] dk;j3- #duk pyuk 7- Mwcuk mHkjuk] mrjuk4- Mjiksd fuMj 8- Je vkyl

2- (d) ^^;fn dfBu ugha gS dke] Hkyk mldk fiQj djukD;k\**Hkyk ml dke dks D;k djuk tks dfBu gh u gksA

([k) ^^Je djrs gh jgus ls gj eqf'dy gy gksrh gSA**gj eqf'dy dk gy] Je djrs jguk ls gh gSA

(x) ^^dk;j gh dfBukbZ dk] jksuk ys #d tkrs gSaA**dk;j ges'kk dfBukbZ dk gh jksuk ysdj #d tkrs gSaA

(?k) ^^ohjksa osQ pj.kksa ij vkdj] ioZr rd >qd tkrs gSaA**tks ohj gksrs gSa muosQ pj.kksa ij ioZr Hkh vkdj >qdrs gSaA

vkb,] vc oqQN vkSj djsa1- 'kfDr rksyuk rkdr igpkuuk2- dej dluk Lo;a dks rS;kj djuk3- ioZr >qduk >qdk nsuk] uhps dj nsukA

qq

6- dkSvk vkSj dks;yizfrikn~; fo"k; %^dkSvk vkSj dks;y* dh bl yksddFkk esa nksuksa if{k;ksa dh xgjh nksLrhfn[kkbZ xbZ gSA nksuksa esa bruk I;kj Fkk fd taxy osQ ckdh lkjs i'kq&i{khmudh nksLrh ns[k muls bZ";kZ djrs FksA ,d fnu mYyw osQ eu esa fopkjvk;k fd D;ksa u og mu nksuksa esa iwQV Mky nsA mYyw us dkS, ls iwNk


fd D;k og dHkh dks;y osQ ?kksalys esa x;k gS\ dkSvk lksp esaiM+ x;kA

;g iwNus ij Hkh fd dks;y vius vaMs dgk nsrh gS] dks;y mRrjVky nsrh gSA rc dkS, dks vU; if{k;ksa ls irk pyrk gS fd dks;y/ks[ks ls mlosQ vaMksa dks rksM+dj muosQ LFkku ij vius vaMs j[k nsrhgSA ifj.kkeLo:i dkSvksa dh lHkk esa dks;y dks ;g lkk lqukbZ xbZ fdog viuk eqg nqfu;k dks ugha fn[kk,xhA rc ls gesa dks;y dh ekqjvkokk rks lqukbZ nsrh gS] ij og fdlh dks fn[kkbZ ugha nsrhAewyHkko %izLrqr yksddFkk esa dkS, vkSj dks;y dh xgjh nksLrh] vU; if{k;ksa dhbZ";kZ] mYyw n~okjk nksuksa dh nksLrh esa iwQV Mkyus osQ fy, "kM~;a=k jpukvkSj mlesa liQy gksuk vkSj var esa dks;y dks mlosQ kks[ks vkSj cqjsdeZ dh lkk feyukizfrikfnr fd;k x;k gSA /ks[ksckk yksxksa dhlaxfr ls nwj jguk rFkk fe=krk esa vkilh fo'okl dk gksuk gh bl ikBdk ewyHkko gSAthou&ewY; vkSj n`f"Vdks.k %LokFkhZ rFkk /ks[ksckk fe=kksa dk R;kx djuk gh Js;Ldj] fe=krk esavkilh fo'okl dk gksuk k:jh] ehBh ok.kh lHkh dks I;kjh]ijksidkj] Ny&diV ls nwj jguk izk.kh osQ fy, fgrdj] eu dhlPpkbZ o ifo=krk ij cy rFkk cqjh laxfr dk R;kx djus dh lh[knh xbZ gSAHkk"kkxr ;ksX;rk, vkSj dkS'ky %i'kq&if{k;ksa osQ ckjs esa tkudkjh] 'kCnkFkZ] iz'uksRrj] fjDr LFkkuksa dhiwfrZ] if{k;ksa dh cksyh dh tkudkjh] fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks";] tkfrokpdlaKk] olar rq dk o.kZu] laokn&;kstukA


1- i'kq&i{kh taxy esa fey&tqydj jgrs FksA os vkil esa pgpgkrsvkSj [kwc eLrh djrs FksA

2- cqycqy dks ml fnu [kq'kh gksxh] tc dks;y dkS, osQ lkFkjgrs&jgrs e/qj Loj esa xkuk Hkwy tk,xh vkSj og laxhr dhnqfu;k dh egkjkuh cu tk,xhA

3- rksrs us eSuk ls dgk fd dks;y lkjk fnu dkS, osQ lkFk jgrh gS]og ,d fnu e/qj Loj esa xkuk Hkwy tk,xhA

4- mYyw us lkspk fd dkS, vkSj dks;y dh nksLrh osQ ihNs k:jdksbZ "kM~;a=k gSA vr% le; jgrs gh dkS, dh rkdr dks rksM+nsuk pkfg,A

5- dks;y dkS, osQ ?kksalys esa ls mlosQ vaMs fxjkdj vius vaMs j[knsrh gSA

6- if{k;ksa dh lHkk us ;g iSQlyk fd;k fd dkS, dks kks[kk nsus osQvijk/ esa dks;y nqfu;k dks eqg ugha fn[kk,xhA

l 1- xgjh] 2- laxfr] 3- dks;y] 4- lqanj] 5- if{k;ksaAnwjnf'kZrk

1- ;fn gesa iSQlyk djuk gksrk rks ge dks;y dks /ks[kk nsus osQvijk/ esa e`R;qnaM dh ltk nsrs] rkfd Hkfo"; esa fiQj dHkhdksbZ nwljh dks;y ,slk vijk/ ugha djrhA

2- gesa ;g dgkuh euksjatd ,oa Kkuo/Zd yxhA bl dgkuh osQn~okjk taxy esa jgus okys i'kq&if{k;ksa osQ ckjs esa tkudkjhfeyhAvU; 'kh"kZd LokFkhZ fe=k (kks[ksckk fe=k) ;k lPph fe=krkA

dYiuk dh mM+kul dkSvk dko&dko

dks;y owQ&owQHkojk xqtuiihgk ihgw&ihgwfpfM+;k pha&pha

O;kdj.k dh ckr1- fo'ks"k.k fo'ks";

'kSrku dkSvkdkyh dks;ye/qj vkokkxgjh nksLrhehBk xkuk

2- (d) pkfc;ksa ([k) lsuk(x) Nk=kksa (?k) gkFkh() O;kikjh] cSad] uksVksa (p) 'kgj] pksjksa(N) yM+dksaA

vkb,] vc oqQN vkSj djsal (i) olar rq rqvksa dk jktk gSA

(ii) bl rq esa jax&fcjaxs iwQy f[ky tkrs gSaA(iii) eksj ukpus yxrk gSA(iv) frrfy;k iwQyksa ij eMjkus yxrh gSaA(v) iwQyksa dh lqxa/ pkjksa rjI+kQ iSQy tkrh gSA

qq

7- ?kM+h dh dgkuhizfrikn~; fo"k; %izLrqr ys[k esa ?kM+h osQ egRRo rFkk mlosQ vkfo"dkj osQ fo"k; esa jkspdtkudkjh iznku dh xbZ gSA gekjs lHkh dk;Z le; ls tqM+s gSa vkSj le;dh tkudkjh gesa ?kM+h ls gh feyrh gSA bl ys[k esa ml le; dh Hkhtkudkjh nh xbZ gsS tc ?kM+h ugha Fkh] fiQj Hkh yksxksa osQ lHkh dkele;kuqlkj gksrs FksA mnkgj.k osQ fy, lar vkxfLVu tks 'kke osQ le;kkfeZd iqLrd i

vankkk vuqeku (guess)vkfo"dkj [kkst (invention)[kRe lekIr (end)fujarj yxkrkj (continuous)

ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;klvkb,] ns[ksa vkius D;k&D;k tkuk\1- losjs txuk] ugkuk] rS;kj gksuk] uk'rk djuk] LowQy tkuk vkSj

okfil vkuk] LowQyksa osQ ihfj;M ftu fo"k;ksa dks v;kfidk thi

8- eugwl twrs

izfrikn~; fo"k; %bl dgkuh esa va/fo'oklh vyh vcw osQ twrksa osQ ckjs esa crk;k x;k gSAgj ckj twrksa osQ iQVus ij vyh vcw mUgsa eksph ls Bhd djok ysrkA twrsij jax&fcjaxs iScan gh iScan yxs FksA oaQtwl vcw lcosQ dgus ij Hkh u,twrs [kjhnus osQ fy, jkkh u gqvkA ,d ckj vf/d equkI+kQk dekus osQpDdj esa vyh vcw us b=kokys ls cgqr lkjk b=k [kjhndj f[kM+dh osQikl ltk fn;kA ,d ckj vcw ugkus osQ fy, geke ij igqpsA muosQ nksLrus twrksa dks ns[kdj VksdkA og twrs mrkjdj ugkus pyk x;kA mlosQ twrsljdrs&ljdrs nwj pys x,A vyh vcw us tgk twrs mrkjs ogk nwljs twrsns[k mUgsa igu fy;k vkSj lkspk fd muosQ nksLr us u, twrs ogk muosQfy, j[k fn,A os twrs cxnkn osQ dkkh osQ Fks] mUgsa ks/ vk x;kA mUgksausvcw dks vnkyr cqykdj ml ij pksjh dk bYkke yxk;kA mls HkkjhtqekZuk nsuk iM+kA xqLls esa vcw us twrs unh esa isaQd fn,A ,d eNqvkjs dksog twrs feys mlus buke osQ ykyp esa mls ykSVkus x;kA ?kj esa rkykikdj mlus og twrs f[kM+dh ls iasaQosQ vkSj b=k dh lkjh 'khf'k;k VwV xbAbruk uqdlku ns[kdj vyh us twrs kehu esa xkM+us osQ fy, tSls gh kehu[kksnuh 'kq: dhA pkSdhnkj mls idM+dj dkkh osQ ikl ys x;kA dkkhus mls Hkkjh tqekZuk nsus osQ fy, dgkA xqLls esa vcw us tSls gh f[kM+dhls ckgj isaQdk og ,d cPps osQ flj ij yxkA vcw dks tqekZuk HkjukiM+kA dkkh us psrkouh nh fd ;fn mlus xyrh dh rks mls tsy esa Mkyfn;k tk,xkA vxys fnu dkkh osQ ikl tkdj vcw us mlls lykg ysusdh ckr dhA mlus dkkh osQ lkeus twrs j[k fn, vkSj dgk fd og mueugwl twrksa ls NqVdkjk ikuk pkgrk Fkk] ysfdu gj ckj twrs fdlh ufdlh rjg okil mlosQ ikl igqp tkrs FksA foLrkj ls crkus ij dkthdks mldh ckrksa ij fo'okl gqvkA

vcw osQ lkjs iSls okil ykSVk fn, rFkk mlosQ vuks[ks twrksa dks vnkyrosQ [kkkus eas tek djk fn;kAewyHkko %va/fo'oklh rFkk oaQtwl vcw osQ ek;e ls ;g crk;k x;k gS fd iSlscpkus osQ pDdj esa mls fdruk iSlk tqekZuk Hkjus esa nsuk iM+kA Bhdgh dgk x;k gS^lwe (oaQtwl) dk /u 'kSrku [kkrk gSA*thou&ewY; vkSj n`f"Vdks.k %dYiuk rFkk ckSn~f/d {kerk dh vfHko`n~f/ foosd'khyrk] lgh fu.kZ;ysuk] cqn~f/ pkrq;Z] gkL;&fouksnAHkk"kkxr ;ksX;rk, vkSj dkS'ky %izR;kLej.k] vius fopkjksa dks izdV djuk] ^fd* ;kstd 'kCn rFkk^dh* laca/cks/d esa varj vius vuqHko dks izdV djukAvU; 'kCnkFkZ

lqxaf/r lqxa/ ls Hkjs (scented)eqtfje vijk/h (criminal)dkkh ekSyoh (Muslim Judge)lykg jk;] lEefr (advice)gkfkj mifLFkr (present)foLrkj iSQyko (extend)e'kgwj izfln~/ (famous)olwy izkIr gqvk (to collect)

ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;klvkb,] ns[ksa vkius D;k&D;k tkuk\ 1- vyh vcw vius iScan yxs twrs osQ fy, izfln~/ FkkA


2- dkkh us vyh vcw dks vnkyr esa blfy, cqyk;k Fkk] D;ksafdmlus dkkh osQ u, twrs igu fy, FksA

3- vyh vcw us twrksa ls NqVdkjk ikus osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr rjhosQviuk,%1- mlus eugwl twrksa dks unh esa isaQdkA2- mlus eugwl twrksa ls NqVdkjk ikus osQ fy, kehu esa xkM+us osQfy, xM~uk] if{k;ksa ls izseAHkk"kkxr ;ksX;rk, vkSj dkS'ky %HkkokFkZ le>uk] if{k;ksa osQ fofHkUu ?kkslyksa dh tkudkjh] fojke&fpg~u]mfpr fo'ks"k.k 'kCn&iz;ksx] Lo;a dks i{kh eku y?kq vuqPNsn ys[kuA


ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;klvkb,] ns[ksa vkius D;k&D;k tkuk\ 1- c;k vius cPpksa osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr dke djrh gS %

1- fruosQ ykdj ph Mkyksa ij yVdkrh gS vkSj egy cukrhgSA

2- [ksrksa ls nkuk ykrh gSA3- ufn;ksa ls ikuh Hkj dj ykrh gSA4- vaMs lsrh gSA

2- cPps c;k osQ cPpksa osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr dk;Z djsaxs %1- Hkkstu dh ryk'k esa nwj ugha tkus nsaxsA vkxu esa gh nkusa Hkj

nsxsa] rkfd c;k vkSj mlosQ cPps [kkuk [kk losaQA2- ihus osQ fy, gkSk esa ehBk&ehBk ikuh Hkj nsaxsA3- tc vaMksa ls uUgsa&uUgsa cPps fudysaxs] rks lc ckjh&ckjh

vkdj ns[kHkky o fuxjkuh dj ysaxsA4- tc c;k osQ cPpksa osQ ij fudy vk,xs vkSj os mM+ tk,xs]

rc Hkh cPps mlosQ ikl jgsaxsA mls jksus ugha nsaxsA3- tc c;k osQ cPpksa osQ ij fudy vk,xs vkSj os mM+ tk,xs] rc

c;k vius cPpksa dks ;kn djosQ jks,xhAnwjnf'kZrkl cPps ?kksalys Lo;a ,df=kr dj d{kk esa yVdk,A

dYiuk dh mM+kul ;fn ge i{kh gksrs rks fuEufyf[kr dk;Z djrs %

1- vkdk'k esa vius lkFkh if{k;ksa osQ lkFk nwj&nwj rd mM+kuHkjrsA

2- gesa iSny pyuk gh ugha iM+rk] Nr ls] lM+d ;k dgha lsmM+ tkrsA

3- vkkknh dk lgh vkuan ysrs vkSj gesa ia>V gksrk vkSj u gh ?kj ls o LowQydh MkV [kkuh iM+rhA

4- clar osQ ekSle esa ge Hkh nwljs if{k;ksa osQ lkFk feydjpha&pha djrs e/qj xku 'kq: dj nsrs] lkFk gh [kkrs&[ksyrsvkSj jkr osQ le; isM+ ij cus vius ?kksalyksa esa lks tkrsA

O;kdj.k dh ckr1- (!) foLe;kfncks/d

(]) vYifojke(A) iw.kZ fojke() ;kstd

2- (d) ph] ([k) gekjh] (x) ehBk&ehBk] (?k) uUgsaAvkb,] vc oqQN vkSj djsa

1- fpfM+;k ;g jax&fcja xh gksrh gSA ;s nkusa vkSj jksVh osQVqdM+s [kkrh gS] 'kke osQ le; ?kksalyksa esa vkdj lks tkrh gSA

2- dks;y dks;y dk jax dkyk gksrk gS] ijarq cgqr e/qjLoj esa xkrh gSA

3- mYyw mYyw dh Ropk esa dkys&dkys nkx gksrs gSaA ;g jkrdks tkxrk gSA budh ukjsa rsk gksrh gSA

qq

10- ?keaMh dk flj uhpkizfrikn~; fo"k; %izLrqr izsjd&izlax esa ckl osQ isM+ o tkequ osQ isM+ osQ chp okrkZyki lsnksuksa osQ LoHkko dk ifjp; feyrk gSA ckl dk isM+ iryk o yphykFkkA vr% ftl fn'kk esa gok cgrh og mlh fn'kk esa >qd tkrk FkkAmldh bl vknr dks ns[k tkequ dk isM+ mls mdlkrk gS fd og rks


gok dk xqyke gS] vr% Mjiksd gSA tkequ dk isM+ ?keaMh gS] mls viuhekcwrh ij ?keaM gSA gok mu nksuksa osQ okrkZyki dks lqu ksf/r gkstkrh gS vkSj vius osx ls tkequ dh tM+ksa ij izgkj dj mls kjk'kk;hdj nsrh gSA tkequ osQ isM+ us ckl osQ isM+ dh bl lykg dks ugha ekukFkk fd rsk gok dk vknj djuk pkfg,A mldks blh dk nq"ifj.kkeHkqxruk iM+kAewyHkko %tkequ o ckl osQ isM+ osQ okrkZyki n~okjk nksuksa isM+ksa dh fo'ks"krkvksa ijizdk'k Mkyk x;k gSA blosQ vfrfjDr gok osQ osx o tkequ osQ isM+ osQkjk'kk;h gksus osQ ek;e ls ;gh lans'k fn;k x;k gS fd ?keaMh dk fljdHkh&u&dHkh vo'; gh uhpk gksrk gSA uezrkiw.kZ O;ogkj o 'kfDr'kkyhdk vknj djus esa gh le>nkjh gSA blosQ vfrfjDr ;g Hkh f'k{kkfeyrh gS fd fdlh dks Hkh dekksj ekudj mldh glh ugha mM+kuhpkfg,Athou&ewY; vkSj n`f"Vdks.k %?keaM O;fDr dk loZuk'k djus okyk rFkk lcls cM+k 'k=kq] uezrk O;fDrosQ O;ogkj dk lcls cM+k vkHkw"k.k gSA o`{kksa dh fo'ks"krkvksa dkifjp; rFkk 'kfDr'kkyh dk vknj djus dh lykgAHkk"kkxr ;ksX;rk, vkSj dkS'ky %tkequ rFkk ckl osQ isM+ dh tkudkjh nsuk] 'kCnkFkZ] iz'uksRrj] jpukRedrk]vkRedFkkRed 'kSyh] dgkuh dyk dk izn'kZu] f;k vkSj dky(Hkwrdky] orZeku dky] Hkfo";r~ dky)A


1- tkequ dk isM+ ekcwr FkkA mldh 'kk[kk, pkjksa vksj iSQyh gqbZ

Fkha vkSj mls bl ckr ij ?keaM Fkk fd fdlh Hkh izdkj dh gokmldk oqQN ugha fcxkM+ ldrhA

2- ckl dk isM+ gok osQ pyus ls blfy, >qd tkrk Fkk] D;ksafdog iryk rFkk yphyk FkkA

3- tkequ osQ isM+ dk ;g ekuuk gS fd lalkj esa cyokuksa dk ghcksyckyk gSA

4- rsk rwiQku vkus ls tkequ osQ isM+ dh tM+s fgydj dekksj gksxbA gok dh rsk rkdr ls isM+ viuk larqyu [kks cSBk vkSj og/jk'kk;h gks x;kA

5- bl izsjd&izlax ls gesa ;g f'k{kk feyrh gS fd gesa vgadkj ughadjuk pkfg,A nwljksa dks dekksj le>dj mudh glh ughamM+kuh pkfg,A gesa nwljksa osQ xq.kksa o 'kfDr dk lEeku djukpkfg,A ?keaM djus ls dHkh&u&dHkh gekjk flj uhpk vo';gksrk gSA

nwjn'krkl ;fn tkequ dk isM+ ckl osQ isM+ dh ckr eku ysrk rks gok mlls

ukjkk ugha gksrhA og ks/ esa u vkrh vkSj u gh tkequ osQ isM+dk var gksrk] og viuh txg fVdk jgrkA

dYiuk dh mM+ku?keaMh dk flj uhpk

l fdlh 'kgj esa jke] ';ke] eksgu rhu fe=k jgrs FksA rhuksa gh ,dgh LowQy esa vkSj ,d gh d{kk esa i

ls ns[krk FkkA [ksy&[ksy esa Hkh mls uhpk fn[kkus dh dksf'k'kdjrkA ckr&ckr ij iSls dk ?keaM fn[kkrk vkSj mldk viekudjrkAjes'k bl rjg osQ vieku dks lg rks tkrk] ysfdu izHkq lsizkFkZuk djrk ^^gs Hkxou! bldh cqn~f/ Bhd dj nksA u tkusfdldh vkg ysxkA**

jes'k osQ firk eknwjh djrs Fks] mlosQ NksVs&NksVs HkkbZ&cguFksA ek iM+ksl esa >kM+w&iksNk o crZu ektdj xqtkjk djrhAcPpksa osQ vPNs laLdkj osQ dkj.k og [kq'k Hkh Fkh vkSj vk'kkfy, Fkh fd dHkh rks fnu lq/jsaxs ghA

vpkud eksgu osQ firk dh iSQDVjh esa vkx yx xbZAlc&oqQN ns[krs&ns[krs Lokgk gks x;kA bl vdLekr ?kVuk dksos cnkZ'r u dj ik, vkSj py clsA firk dk lk;k gVrs gh]eksgu ijs'kku gks x;k] mls viuh vrhr dh lkjh ?kVuk ;knvkus yxhA mlh le; jes'k ftlosQ ckjs esa eksgu us LoIu esa Hkhugha lkspk Fkk] oqQN lkeku] diM+s vkSj ek osQ n~okjk cuk, gq,Hkkstu dks ysdj igqpkA eksgu us T;ksa gh mls ns[kk] mldhvk[kksa ls vklw dh cjlkr gksus yxh vkSj og lqcdus yxkAjes'k us eksgu dks

Hkk"kkxr ;ksX;rk, vkSj dkS'ky %mRlo dh HkO;rk ij fVIi.kh] fofHkUu ns'kksa dh tkudkjh] izR;;ksa dhtkudkjh] laf/ dh vfrfjDr tkudkjh vkSj iBu] fp=kdkfjrkA

ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;klvkb,] ns[ksa vkius D;k&D;k tkuk\ 1- nqcbZ 'kWkfI akx isQLVhoy lu~ 1996 esa ns;jk nqcbZ dh hd lkbM

ls 'kq: gqvk FkkA 2- nqcbZ 'kkWfI akx isQLVhoy tuojh ekg osQ e; ls ysdj iQjojh

ekg osQ e; rd yxrk gSA 3- nqcbZ 'kkWfI akx isQLVhoy osQ nkSjku nqcbZ osQ lkjs ckkkjksa] 'kgjksa vkSj

'kkWfiax eWkYl dks HkO; ltkoV osQ lkFk ltk;k tkrk gS]txg&txg ij Lokxr n~okj gksrs gSaA izR;sd jkr dks txg&txgij vkfr'kckth dk vk;kstu gksrk gSA bUgha osQ nkSjku lksukckkkj esa lksus dh [kjhn ij 1 ls 45 fdyks rd lksus osQ eqrmigkj] jkskkuk ,d ySDll dkj vkSj iwjs eghus 100 ls vf/ddkjksa osQ buke fudkys tkrs gSaAblesa (nqcbZ 'kkWfI akx isQLVhoy esa) 40 ns'kksa osQ iSosfy;u] 25'kkWfI akx eWky] vk/qfud vkSj uohure bysDVWkfud oLrqvksa dkmRiknu fn[kk;k tkrk gSAlkaLfrd dk;Zeksa osQ vk;kstu osQ n~okjk vkuaniw.kZ [kjhnnkjhgksrh gS rFkk yksxksa dk Hkjiwj euksjatu Hkh gksrk gSA

4- ^Xykscy foyst* esa ikfdLrku] caxyk ns'k] Hkkjr] phu] FkkbZySaM]vizQhdk] flaxkiqj] lmnh vjc] drkj vkseku lfgr 40 ns'k Hkkxysrs gSaA

5- nqcbZ 'kkWfI akx isQLVhoy dh HkO;rk dk Js; ^la;qDr vjcvehjkr* dh ljdkj rFkk nqcbZ osQ i;ZVu foHkkx dks tkrk gSA

nwjnf'kZrkl gesa nqcbZ dh fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"krkvksa us izHkkfor fd;k gS %

1- nqcbZ esa euk, tkus okys HkO; mRlo] ogk osQ yksxksa dk[kku&iku] fofHkUu ns'kksa dh laLfr] ijaijk us izHkkfor fd;kgSA

2- nqcbZ dks varjkZ"Vh; [;kfr fnykus esa nqcbZ dh ^la;qDr vjcvehjkr dh ljdkj rFkk i;ZVu foHkkx us tks dk;Z fd, gSa]muls ge izHkkfor gSaA

3- ogk osQ nqcbZ 'kWkfI akx isQLVhoy osQ mRlo] ltkoV] buke]lkaLfrd dk;Zeksa osQ vk;kstu o mudh O;oLFkk us blmRlo esa pkj pkn yxk fn,A

4- nqcbZ esa fofHkUu ns'kksa osQ dykdkjksa dh os'kHkw"kk osQ lkFkviuh dyk dk izn'kZu djuk] jksaxVsa [kM+s dj nsrk gSAgj 'kke dks reke nqfu;k osQ dykdkjksa dh Vhe n~okjkdykvksa dk izn'kZu n'kZdksa dk euksjatu rks djrk gh gS]cPpksa dks Hkh glk&glkdj yksV&iksV dj nsrk gSA bUghafo'ks"krkvksa osQ dkj.k ge cgqr gh izHkkfor gq,A gj ckj ogktkus dks eu djrk gSA

dYiuk dh mM+ku1- ge ikfdLrku] caxykns'k] ekWfj'kl] phu] nqcbZ] flaxkiqj] FkkbZySaM]

vizQhdk] vesfjdk] fczVsu] :l] tkiku] isfjl vkSj fLoVtjySaMdks tkurs gSaA

2- ge lxkiqj ns'k dh ;k=kk djuk pkgsaxsA flaxkiqj cgqr gh lqanjrFkk lkiQ&lqFkjk ns'k gSA ;gk ij vusd n'kZuh; LFky gSaA ;gkosQ fo'ofon~;ky; iwjs fo'o esa izfln~/ gSaA

uksV% bl mRrj esa cPpksa dh viuh ilan Hkh gks ldrh gSA46 | Lokfr % f'k{kd&nf'kZdk (Hkkx&2) Lokfr % f'k{kd&nf'kZdk (Hkkx&2) | 47

O;kdj.k dh ckrl uksV% cPps Lo;a izR;; rFkk laf/ osQ ckjs esa isaA

vkb,] vc oqQN vkSj djsal cPps Lo;a esys dk fp=k cukdj jax Hkjsaxs ftlls muosQ ltukRed

Lo:i dk fodkl gksxkAqq

12- cqjs iQlsizfrikn~; fo"k; %/hjk ,d esgurh yM+osQ dh dgkuh gS] tks cgqr cgknqj vkSj lkglhgSA og LowQy can gksus osQ ckn iSls dekus osQ fy, twrs ikWfy'k djrkFkkA ,d ckj mlus lquk fd ,d pksj tkSgjh dh nqdku ls pksjh djosQHkkx x;k gSA /hjk tkSgjh dh nqdku ij tkuk pkgrk Fkk] ysfdu xzkgdosQ vkus osQ dkj.k og tk ugha ldkA /hjk twrk ikWfy'k djus cSB x;kij mldk eu pksjh dh ?kVuk dh vksj gh yxk gqvk FkkA flikfg;ksa dksns[krs gh xzkgd tYnh twrs ikWfy'k djus osQ fy, dgus yxkA twrkikWfy'k djrs le; /hjk us ns[kk fd twrs esa ls oqQN ckgj fudy jgkFkkA tc xzkgd mls nsus osQ fy, cVq, esa ls jstxkjh fudky jgk Fkk]rks mlus nksuksa twrksa osQ iQhrs vkil esa ck/ fn,A /hjk tYnh ls flikfg;ksaosQ ikl igqpkA tc xzkgd Hkkxus dh dksf'k'k djus yxk rks og eqgosQ cy fxjkA flikfg;ksa us mls idM+ fy;kA lksus dk oaQBk mlosQ twrsesa ls fudykA /hjk dh cgqr iz'kalk gqbZA mls iqfyl] tkSgjh rFkkLowQyokyksa ls Hkh iqjLdkj feykAewyHkko %cgknqj] lkglh vkSj esgurh /hjk osQ ek;e ls cPpksa dks lkglh oesgurh cuus dh f'k{kk nh xbZ gSA

thou&ewY; vkSj n`f"Vdks.k %cPpksa dks lkglh] cgknqj rFkk ifjJeh cuus dh izsj.kk nsuk] drZO;fu"Bcu lekt rFkk ns'k dh lsok djukAHkk"kkxr ;ksX;rk, vkSj dkS'ky %izR;kLej.k] ik=k dk pfj=k&fp=k.k] laKk] fo'ks"k.k] f;k] iz'uksRrj]fparu vkSj ys[ku] dkj.k tkuukA

ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;klvkb,] ns[ksa vkius D;k&D;k tkuk\ 1- /hjk osQ firk th dk LoxZokl gks x;k FkkA mlosQ ifjokj esa

vk; dk dksbZ lk/u ugha Fkk] blfy, og LowQy can gks tkus osQckn flusek gky osQ fudV cSBdj twrs ikWfy'k djosQ iSlkdekrk Fkk vkSj ifjokj esa ek vkSj cgu dk ikyu&iks"k.k djrkFkkA blh dkj.k ls /hjk dks ikWfy'k djus dk dke djuk iM+rkFkkA

2- jkgxhj us /hjk dks ;g crk;k fd ,d pksj ftldh nk

2- ikB osQ vk/kj ij /hjk osQ pfj=k dh fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"krk, gSa%1- og esgurh yM+dk gS] tks firk osQ LoxZokl gks tkus ij

viuh ek vkSj cgu dh ftEesnkjh dks vYi vk;q esa ghlHkkys gq, gSA

2- LowQy dh iqXxh] LowQy] iSls iqjkuhflusek gky] twrs] LowQy can gksus osQ ckn

vkb,] vc oqQN vkSj djsal cPps Lo; djsaxs] ftlls fd mudh ckSn~f/d {kerk dkfodkl gksxkA

qq

13- ljdlizfrikn~; fo"k; %dfo o mldk fe=k ,d fnu ljdl ns[kus x,A ljdl esa canj dkeuq";ksa tSlk O;ogkj ns[kk tSls iqLrd [kksyuk] pqjV tykuk] dksM+kpykuk bR;kfnA blosQ vfrfjDr fla g vkSj euq"; dh yM+kbZ ns[kys[kd vk'p;Zpfdr gks x;kA mlus lkspk euq"; 'ksj ls vf/dlkglh gS] rc mlosQ fe=k us mls bl lPpkbZ ls ifjfpr djk;k fd'ksj Mjiksd ugha gS] ijarq mls cpiu ls oSQn dj ljdl okyksa usekj&ekjdj mls ;g djrc fl[kk, gSaA bldh nqnZ'kk ns[kdj fe=kdks ml ij n;k vkrh gSA ;s tkuoj oSQnh gSaA buls LoPNan thus dkvfkdkj Nhu fy;k x;k gSAewyHkko %^ljdl* dfork esa ,d vksj ljdl osQ i'kq&if{k;ksa vkSj tkuojksa osQvk'p;Zpfdr djus okys djrcksa ls ifjfpr djk;k x;k gS rks nwljhvksj bu ij fd, x, vR;kpkjksa rFkk budh ijra =krk osQ izfr nq%[kO;Dr djrs gq, buosQ izfr lgkuqHkwfr j[kus dk lans'k fn;k x;k gSAthou&ewY; vkSj n`f"Vdks.k %ifjJe rFkk tksf[+ke Hkjs dk;ks dh izsj.kk] i'kq&if{k;ksa ij n;k&HkkoizdV djus dh izsj.kk nsuk] [kwa[kkj tkuojksa osQ vk'p;Zpfdr djus okysdjrcksa ls ifjfpr djkuk rFkk ijra=k thou osQ nq%[k dh vksj laosQrdjukA


Hkk"kkxr ;ksX;rk, vkSj dkS'ky %'kCnkFkZ] iz'uksRrj] fp=kkRed o.kZu] dkO;&iafDr;k iwjh djuk] ljdlesa ns[ks n`';ksa dk o.kZu] lgh 'kCnksa osQ tksM+s cukuk] jax HkjukAdkO;&iafDr;ksa dk ljykFkZ %l Hk; foLe; osQ [ksy vuks[ksAns[ks cgq vk;ke vuks[ksAA

tc dfo ftKklko'k ljdl ns[kus x;k rc mlus fofHkUu i'kq&if{k;ksaosQ vuks[ks [ksy ns[ks] tks vk'p;Zpfdr djus okys FksA mlus ljdldh jaxhu nqfu;k] mlosQ [ksy&rek'ks vkSj bl jaxhuh osQ ihNs fNihlPpkbZ dks Hkh ns[kkAl vius dks Hkh Hkwy x;k gSAdfo osQ ;g dgus ij fd euq"; 'ksj ls Hkh lkglh gks x;k gS] rc

mldk fe=k mls le>krk gS fd 'ksj rks tUe ls gh lkglh gS] ijarq tcog NksVk Fkk rHkh mls idM+dj oSQn dj fy;k x;k vkSj ekj&ekjdjlc oqQN fl[kk;k x;kA og dHkh LoPNan jgk gh ugha] blfy, viuhLoHkkoxr fo'ks"krkvksa ls foijhr O;ogkj djrk fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA


1- dfo ftKklko'k ljdl ns[kus x;kA2- canj ySai tykdj oqQjlh ij cSB iqLrd i

14- ekLVj thizfrikn~; fo"k; %izLrqr ukVd ^ekLVj th* esa johanzukFk BkoqQj th us 'kSrku f'k"; dh'kSrkuh rFkk xq# osQ ikrs gq, dgrs gSa fd ftl izdkjx/s dks ihVus ls og ?kksM+k ugha cu tk,xkA mlh izdkj ekj&ihVdjcPpksa esa cqn~f/cy ugha yk;k tk ldrkA ekjus o dBksj O;ogkjdjus ls ?kksM+k Hkh

fdlus dgk\ fdlls dgk\1- vt; ckcw us eFkqjkuan th ls dgkA2- vt; ckcw us e/qlwnu ls dgkA3- eFkqjkuan us e/qlwnu dks dgkA4- e/qlwnu us eFkqjkuan ls dgkA5- vt;ckcw us e/qlwnu ls iwNkA

nwjn'krkV~;w'ku osQ fuEufyf[kr ykHk gSa%1- d{kk esa tks le> esa ugha vkrk gS] mls ge V~;w'ku esa le>

ysrs gSaA2- V~;w'ku esa v;kid fo"k; dks dbZ ckj iwNus ij Hkh crk nsrs

gSaA3- V~;w'ku esa ikrs gSa]

D;ksafd mudh vkenuh dk L=kksr fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dh la[;k lsgSA

5- vkil esa izfr;ksfxrk dh Hkkouk gksrh gSA6- FkksM+s&FkksM+s xzqi esa i

vkb,] vc oqQN vkSj djsal cPps ,dkadh dk vfHku; d{kk esa v;kfidk dh lgk;rk ls

djsaxsAqq

15- izk;f'prizfrikn~; fo"k; %^izk;f'pr* dgkuh dk dFkkud dcjh fcYyh osQ vkl&ikl ?kwerk gSAjkew dh cgw dcjh fcYyh osQ mRikr ls cgqr ijs'kku FkhA ,d fnu tcdcjh fcYyh us [khj esa eqg Mkydj mldk lR;kuk'k dj Mkyk rcxqLls esa jkew dh cgw us diM+s /ksus dk ikVk fcYyh osQ ij ns ekjkAfcYyh ogha vpsr gks xbZA lkl vkSj ukSdjkuh us le>k fd cgw usfcYyh dh gR;k dj nh gSA th dks mUgsa ywVus dk ekSdk fey x;kAHkko&rkSy djkus osQ ckotwn Hkh X;kjg rksys lksus dh fcYyh] bDdhlfnu osQ iwtk&ikB osQ fy, pkoy] xsgw bR;kfn [kkus&ihus dh lkexzh]czkg~e.kksa osQ Hkkstu dh O;oLFkk djuk r; gks x;k fd vpkud egjhvkdj crkrh gS fd fcYyh rks mBdj pyh xbZA ykyph iafMr gkFkeyrs jg x, vkSj ?kjokyksa us pSu dh lkl yhAewyHkko %^izk;f'pr* dgkuh esa /kfeZd va/fo'oklksa ij izgkj djrs gq, czkg~e.koxZ dh LokFkZo`fRr rFkk muosQ ykyphiu dh o`fRr ij O;aX; fd;k x;kgSA ukSdjkuh o lkl dh ijaijkxr lksp dk I +kQk;nk mBkrs gq,] ijelq[kdk izk;f'pr dk Mj fn[kkdj mUgsa fofHkUu deZdkaMksa dh yachisQgfjLr idM+kuk] mldh ykyph izofRr o ifjokjokyksa osQ :f

vr% tc rd cgw osQ flj ij gR;k jgsxh] og jlksbZ ughacuk,xhA

4- ijelq[k th us jkew dh ek dh fpark nwj djus osQ fy, izk;f'prdk fo/ku crk;kA ftlesa mUgksaus ,d lksus dh fcYyh dk nkuo bDdhl fnu dk ikB mik; osQ :i esa crk;kA

5- ijelq[k th bl ckr ls [kq'k Fks fd mUgsa izk;f'pr osQ cgkusviuk isV Hkjus o LokFkZ iwfrZ dk ekSdk feyk gSA blosQ fy, jkewdh ek rS;kj Hkh gks xbZ Fkh] ijarq vpkud egjh osQ ;g dgusij fd fcYyh rks mBdj Hkkx xbZ] ijelq[k th dh [kq'kh dkvar gks x;k] D;ksafd vc rks mUgsa ,d iSlk feyus dh Hkh mEehnugha FkhA

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Lokfr (Hkkx&7)1- egkiq#"k dgykrs os

izfrikn; fo"k; %lw;Z osQ fudyrs gh va/dkj nwj gks tkrk gS] pkjksa rj +iQ jks'kuh iSQytkrh gSA lw;Z dh fdj.ksa /jrh ij vk tkrh gSaA dfy;k f[kyus yxrhgSa] i{kh pgpgkus yxrs gSaA gfj;kyh ij fxjh gqbZ vksl dh cwns eksrhdh rjg pedus yxrh gSaA pjokgs i'kqvksa dks pjkus osQ fy, ysdj pyiM+sA jkLrs ij yksxksa dk vkuk&tkuk 'kq: gks tkrk gSA lw;Z dHkh eqgdks [kksydj lcdks dk;Z esa tqVus osQ fy, ugha dgrkA mlosQ n'kZuikdj lc euq"; vius deZ esa tqV tkrs gSaA tks euq"; rst ls ;qDr gksrsgSa] ogh egkiq#"k dgykrs gSaA os vkyL; ls nwj jgrs gSaA euq"; dks Hkhlwjt dh rjg neduk pkfg,A ,sls dke djus pkfg,] ftlls lc [kq'kgks tk, rFkk izsfjr gksdj lc dkeksa esa tqV tk,AewyHkko %deZfu"B cudj nwljksa dks Hkh deZ djus dh izsj.kk nsukA lw;Z osQ lekurstLoh cudj nwljksa dks Hkh izsfjr djukAthou&ewY; vkSj n`f"Vdks.k %egkiq#"kksa osQ thou ls izsfjr gksdj muosQ tSlk cuuk] vkyL; R;kxdjdeZfu"B cuukA lw;Z dh rjg izdk'keku cuukAHkk"kkxr ;ksX;rk, vkSj dkS'ky %HkkokFkZ dks le>uk] iz'uksa osQ mRrj] y?kq vuqPNsn ys[ku] dfork esarqdcanh] y; o xfr osQ iz;ksx dks le>uk] i;kZ;okph 'kCnksa rFkkegkiq#"kksa osQ uke vkSj muosQ dk;ks ls ifjfpr gksukA

New Swati-part-6-grade 6 CBSE

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