New RemoteTEK Repeater
description
Transcript of New RemoteTEK Repeater
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CompactCompact RepeaterRepeater
UserUserss ManualManual
ThisThisThisThis documentdocumentdocumentdocument appliesappliesappliesapplies to:to:to:to:
R17ER/T0-GD/GW/DW(-DS)
R17ER0-Y6
R17ER0-Z3
R18ER/T0-GD/GW/DW(-DS)
R18ET0-Y8
R19ER0-GD
R19ET0-GW/R19ET0-Y7
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CopyrightCopyrightCopyrightCopyright InformationInformationInformationInformation
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, for any purpose without the express written permission of Remotek. Remotek hereby
authorizes its customers to make copies of this documentation in CD-ROM form to customers own
computers for use in conjunction with the products described herein.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Remotek assumes no liability for
omissions or inaccuracies in this document, or from the furnishing or use of the information herein.
Remotek reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein and does not assume any
liability arising out of the applications or use of any product described herein.
This document and the information in it is the proprietary and confidential information of Remotek that is
provided by Remotek to its customers pursuant to a contract for the purchase of the products described
herein. If the possessor of this document is an entity or individual not party to a sales contract with
Remotek, or is not otherwise intended by Remotek to receive this document and the information in it, you
are hereby notified that such possession is unauthorized and is in derogation of Remoteks proprietary
interests.
ContactContactContactContact
RemotekRemotekRemotekRemotek CorporationCorporationCorporationCorporation
Address: 6F~6, No. 77,
Sec.1, Hsin Tai Wu Rd.,
Hsi-Chih, Taipei, Taiwan. 221.
Tel: 886-2-2698-2211
Fax: 886-2-2698-8268
www.remotek.com.tw
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PrefacePrefacePrefacePreface
AudienceAudienceAudienceAudience
Thank you for purchasing the Remotek repeater. Strict quality control system procedures are implemented
to ensure you a high quality product; with numerous cellular operators acknowledging the product to be a
high performance, low interference, transparent and simple to operate and maintain.
This document is written for Remotek and customer service personnel, who install, configure and
commission the repeater system in a cellular network.
ScopeScopeScopeScope
The information in this manual is intended to support customer engineering practices and policies, site
engineering standards, and relevant safety standards in case of installing and configuring the REMOTEK
repeater to improve communication quality.
The information herein is not meant to supersede the site engineering design documents.
If any of the instructions present a conflict, please contact Remotek Customer Service Department for
further assistance.
HowHowHowHow thisthisthisthis manualmanualmanualmanual isisisis organizedorganizedorganizedorganized
Chapter 1 General information on safety precautions and warranty
Chapter 2 Provides an introduction to repeater systems and its applications.
Chapter 3 Outlines installation procedures
Chapter 4 Provides examples and calculation for commissioning proposes
Chapter 5 Steps to take and check if problems occur with the repeater.
Chapter 6 Appendix
TextTextTextText ConventionsConventionsConventionsConventions
This manual uses special paragraphs to call attention to information that is of particular importance to the
reader.
Note:
Note:Note:
Note: Presents nonessential, but potentially helpful information that helps to understand a topic.
Important:
Important:Important:
Important: Presents information to avoid an undesirable result.
Warning:
Warning:Warning:
Warning: Notifies the reader of a potentially hazardous situation that could damage the repeater.
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TableTableTableTable ofofofof ContentsContentsContentsContents
1.1.1.1. GENERALGENERALGENERALGENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9999
1.11.11.11.1 WarrantyWarrantyWarrantyWarranty................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9999
1.21.21.21.2 SafetySafetySafetySafety InformationInformationInformationInformation................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9999
1.31.31.31.3 OtherOtherOtherOther PrecautionsPrecautionsPrecautionsPrecautions............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10101010
2.2.2.2. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION TOTOTOTO REPEATERSREPEATERSREPEATERSREPEATERS................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................12121212
2.12.12.12.1 SystemSystemSystemSystem IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12121212
2.22.22.22.2 GeneralGeneralGeneralGeneral InstallationInstallationInstallationInstallation LayoutLayoutLayoutLayout............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................12121212
2.32.32.32.3 BasicBasicBasicBasic RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater SystemSystemSystemSystem ComponentsComponentsComponentsComponents....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................13131313
2.42.42.42.4 AdvantagesAdvantagesAdvantagesAdvantages ofofofof RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................14141414
2.52.52.52.5 ProfileProfileProfileProfile............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................16161616
2.62.62.62.6 BlockBlockBlockBlock DiagramDiagramDiagramDiagram....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................16161616
2.72.72.72.7 OutlineOutlineOutlineOutline ofofofof AvailableAvailableAvailableAvailable FunctionsFunctionsFunctionsFunctions............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................18181818
3.3.3.3. INSTALLATIONINSTALLATIONINSTALLATIONINSTALLATION....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................19191919
3.13.13.13.1 PreparationPreparationPreparationPreparation........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................19191919
3.23.23.23.2 AntennaAntennaAntennaAntenna InstallationInstallationInstallationInstallation............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 20202020
3.2.1
3.2.13.2.1
3.2.1 Donor
DonorDonor
Donor Antenna
AntennaAntenna
Antenna........................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................20
2020
20
3.2.2
3.2.23.2.2
3.2.2 Service
ServiceService
Service Antenna
AntennaAntenna
Antenna.......................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................22
2222
22
4.2.3
4.2.34.2.3
4.2.3 Lightning
LightningLightning
Lightning Protection
ProtectionProtection
Protection at
atat
at Antenna
AntennaAntenna
Antenna Installation
InstallationInstallation
Installation........................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................ 23
2323
23
3.33.33.33.3 IsolationIsolationIsolationIsolation................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................23232323
3.3.1
3.3.13.3.1
3.3.1 Self-oscillation
Self-oscillationSelf-oscillation
Self-oscillation Concept
ConceptConcept
Concept..........................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................... 24
2424
24
3.3.2
3.3.23.3.2
3.3.2 Obtaining
ObtainingObtaining
Obtaining the
thethe
the Isolation
IsolationIsolation
Isolation Value
ValueValue
Value.................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................. 24
2424
24
3.43.43.43.4 RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater InstallationInstallationInstallationInstallation........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 26262626
3.4.1
3.4.13.4.1
3.4.1 Installing
InstallingInstalling
Installing the
thethe
the Repeater
RepeaterRepeater
Repeater............................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................26
2626
26
3.4.2
3.4.23.4.2
3.4.2 Connecting
ConnectingConnecting
Connecting Feeder
FeederFeeder
Feeder and
andand
and Power
PowerPower
Power Cables
CablesCables
Cables....................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................27
2727
27
3.4.3
3.4.33.4.3
3.4.3 Inserting
InsertingInserting
Inserting the
thethe
the SIM
SIMSIM
SIM Card
CardCard
Card (ER0
(ER0(ER0
(ER0 version)
version)version)
version)................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................ 28
2828
28
3.4.4
3.4.43.4.4
3.4.4 Modem
ModemModem
ModemWorking
WorkingWorking
Working Requirements
RequirementsRequirements
Requirements............................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................28
2828
28
4.4.4.4. COMMISSIONINGCOMMISSIONINGCOMMISSIONINGCOMMISSIONING................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 30303030
4.14.14.14.1 CommissioningCommissioningCommissioningCommissioning PrinciplePrinciplePrinciplePrinciple............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 30303030
4.1.1
4.1.14.1.1
4.1.1 Downlink
DownlinkDownlink
Downlink Output
OutputOutput
Output Power
PowerPower
Power..........................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................30
3030
30
4.1.2
4.1.24.1.2
4.1.2 UL
ULUL
ULNoise
NoiseNoise
Noise Floor
FloorFloor
Floor........................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................32
3232
32
4.1.3
4.1.34.1.3
4.1.3 Isolation
IsolationIsolation
Isolation...................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................33
3333
33
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4.24.24.24.2 RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater ConfigurationConfigurationConfigurationConfiguration........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................34343434
4.2.1
4.2.14.2.1
4.2.1 Gain
GainGain
Gain Calculation
CalculationCalculation
Calculation.....................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... 34
3434
34
4.2.2
4.2.24.2.2
4.2.2 Start-up
Start-upStart-up
Start-up the
thethe
the Repeater
RepeaterRepeater
Repeater..............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. 36
3636
36
4.2.3
4.2.34.2.3
4.2.3 Gain
GainGain
Gain Setting
SettingSetting
Setting.............................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................38
3838
38
5.5.5.5. MAINTENANCEMAINTENANCEMAINTENANCEMAINTENANCE................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 41414141
5.15.15.15.1 Status,Status,Status,Status, AlarmsAlarmsAlarmsAlarms andandandand SolutionsSolutionsSolutionsSolutions.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 41414141
5.1.1
5.1.15.1.1
5.1.1 Configuration
ConfigurationConfiguration
Configuration via
viavia
via LED
LEDLED
LED...........................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................... 41
4141
41
5.1.2
5.1.25.1.2
5.1.2 Configuration
ConfigurationConfiguration
Configuration via
viavia
via OMS/OMT
OMS/OMTOMS/OMT
OMS/OMT (ER0
(ER0(ER0
(ER0 Version)
Version)Version)
Version).........................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................42
4242
42
5.5.5.5.3333 TroubleshootingTroubleshootingTroubleshootingTroubleshooting............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................43434343
5.35.35.35.3 RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater ReplacementReplacementReplacementReplacement................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................44444444
6.6.6.6. APPENDIXAPPENDIXAPPENDIXAPPENDIX.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 45454545
6.16.16.16.1 AbbreviationsAbbreviationsAbbreviationsAbbreviations........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 45454545
6.26.26.26.2 SpecificationSpecificationSpecificationSpecification................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 46464646
6.36.36.36.3 FrequencyFrequencyFrequencyFrequency TableTableTableTable........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................69696969
6.46.46.46.4 W-dBmW-dBmW-dBmW-dBm ConversionConversionConversionConversion TableTableTableTable........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 76767676
6.6.6.6.5555 WarrantyWarrantyWarrantyWarranty ProvisionsProvisionsProvisionsProvisions andandandand DisclaimerDisclaimerDisclaimerDisclaimer................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................77777777
6.5.1
6.5.16.5.1
6.5.1Warranty
WarrantyWarranty
Warranty Range
RangeRange
Range.......................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................77
7777
77
6.5.2
6.5.26.5.2
6.5.2 Range
RangeRange
Range of
ofof
of Non-Warranty
Non-WarrantyNon-Warranty
Non-Warranty..........................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................77
7777
77
6.5.3
6.5.36.5.3
6.5.3 Service
ServiceService
Service in
inin
in Non-Warranty
Non-WarrantyNon-Warranty
Non-Warranty.........................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................78
7878
78
6.5.4
6.5.46.5.4
6.5.4 Disclaimer
DisclaimerDisclaimer
Disclaimer................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................78
7878
78
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1.1.1.1. GeneralGeneralGeneralGeneral
This users manual provides information that includes installation, configuration, operation
and maintenance of the repeater. Specifications are also provided in details in order to
help users better understand the repeater performance.
Please read this users manual carefully and follow all instructions outlined to ensure long
life span and trouble free operation of the unit.
1.11.11.11.1 WarrantyWarrantyWarrantyWarranty
All outdoor antennas must be installed with lightning protection. Damage to power
modules, as a result of lightning will not be covered by this warranty.
Switching on the AC or DC power prior to connection of antenna cables is considered as
an incorrect installation process and therefore faults arising thereafter are also not
covered under the warranty.
This entire manual should be read and understood before operating or maintaining the
repeater system. We assume no liability for customer's failure to comply with the
precautions mentioned. This warranty will not cover such failures to comply.
1.21.21.21.2 SafetySafetySafetySafety InformationInformationInformationInformation
Personnel
PersonnelPersonnel
Personnel Safety
SafetySafety
Safety
Before installing or replacing any of the repeater equipment, the entire manual should be
read and understood. Operators need to supply appropriate AC or DC power to the
repeater. Incorrect power settings can damage the repeater and may cause electrical
related injury to the user.
It is recommended that gloves be worn at ALL time when handling the product.
DO NOT operate equipment in an explosive environment.
DO NOT work on live circuits: Cell site technical and operating person are not authorized
to remove equipment covers. Only personnel authorized by Remotek may remove
equipment covers to replace components or perform internal repairs.
EquipmentEquipmentEquipmentEquipment SafetySafetySafetySafety
It is necessary to read and understand the manual before installing, replacing or using this
product, and one must follow all safety precautions during operation. Failure to comply
with the following general safety precautions and with specific precautions described
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elsewhere in this manual violates the safety standards of the design, manufacture, and
intended use of this product. The aluminum alloy enclosure is an excellent heat conductor,
so during normal operation the unit may feel slightly warm. If it becomes too hot, please
call maintenance immediately.
ElectrostaticElectrostaticElectrostaticElectrostatic SensitivitySensitivitySensitivitySensitivity
ESD: Electrostatic Sensitive Devices
Semiconductor used in this product may be damaged by electrostatic discharge. When
unpacking or handling the repeater. Follow precautionary procedures including use of
grounded wrist straps, grounded workbench surfaces, and grounded floor mats.
GroundingGroundingGroundingGrounding ElectricalElectricalElectricalElectrical InstrumentsInstrumentsInstrumentsInstruments andandandand ComponentsComponentsComponentsComponents
To avoid power supply spark, please perform the grounding connection of the
equipment racks, equipment chassis, and appropriate tools. And make sure insert the
equipments power cable into appropriate mains sockets (three pin or two pin).
In case of three-pin socket, the 3
rd
pin is used for grounding connection, directly
connect the supplied power cable to the mains socket. In case of a two-pin socket, the
green grounding wire provided with the package needs to be connected to the electrical
grounding facility at the power outlet.
In order to avoid equipment damage or human injury by lightning, static electricity and
other phenomenon of leakage electricity, Remotek suggest all products must do the
electric-discharge of the electrical grounding in setup process. Power supply
components must meet international electro-technical commissioning safety standards.
1.31.31.31.3 OtherOtherOtherOther PrecautionsPrecautionsPrecautionsPrecautions
Only authorized personnel should be allowed to install and operate the repeater.
Make sure that the power is switched off when installing or disassembling therepeater to avoid short circuit or electrical shock that may result into personal injury
or damage to the equipment.
The repeater supports mains power for AC110/220V20%, 50/60Hz. Please followthis power range to avoid any damage to the equipment.
Some electronic parts contain carcinogenic constituents, so please handle with careand discard them in a safe place if damaged.
A 3-pin mains socket is recommended by Remotek to provide grounding connectionfor the repeater.
RF arrestor is recommended to connect to the repeaters BTS port.
Please make sure that the warning indicators on the enclosure are clearly visible for
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quick detection of alarm conditions.
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2.2.2.2. IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction totototo RepeatersRepeatersRepeatersRepeaters
2.12.12.12.1 SystemSystemSystemSystem IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction
A repeater is a device that receives the RF signal, amplifies and then retransmits it to the
weak or blind area. Repeaters overcome the attenuation caused by propagation loss and
obstacles.
Repeater solutions are used in many different applications, such as basements,
apartments, KTVs, nightclubs, and parking lots etc, where mobile phone signals cannot
penetrate.
Extending radio coverage into these dead zones, using the repeater, allows mobile
phones to establish a connection.
2.22.22.22.2 GeneralGeneralGeneralGeneral InstallationInstallationInstallationInstallation LayoutLayoutLayoutLayout
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure 1
1
1
1 Installation
Installation
Installation
Installation Layout
Layout
Layout
Layout
Above provides a typical installation layout of an indoor repeater. The repeater is
connected via coaxial cables to donor and service antennas. The donor antenna is placed
outside of the building where it has easy access to BTS. The service antenna is placed
inside the building where it can extend radio coverage to the dead zones. Mobile signals
may then pass via the service antenna, repeater and donor antenna to the BTS
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2.32.32.32.3 BasicBasicBasicBasic RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater SystemSystemSystemSystem ComponentsComponentsComponentsComponents
Splitters
SplittersSplitters
Splitters
Splitters are isolated dividers that split or combine RF power. According to the coverage
requirement, splitter can distribute RF power into several paths to achieve coverage of
each area. In the meantime, mobile signals from different coverage areas are combined
together and transmitted into the repeater.
AntennasAntennasAntennasAntennas
Donor Antenna
Directional donor antennas, one for each repeater, are recommended to improve signal
strength and reduce potential for interference. Normally, Yagi antennas are chosen as
donor antennas for indoor coverage application.
Service Antenna
The service antenna may be directional or omni-directional depending on coverage
requirements.
CoaxialCoaxialCoaxialCoaxial CablesCablesCablesCables
8D, 10D, 1/2 and 7/8 coaxial cables are recommended to use with the repeater. These
coaxial cables have low attenuation properties and are ideal for longer cable run
installations.
JumperJumperJumperJumper CablesCablesCablesCables
Jumper cables have the flexible characteristic and they provide an easy way to connect
antennas, splitters and repeaters to coaxial cables.
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2.42.42.42.4 AdvantagesAdvantagesAdvantagesAdvantages ofofofof RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater
Optimization
OptimizationOptimization
Optimization
During BTS coverage optimization, full coverage cannot always be achieved because of
shadowing and blind spots. If optimization is carried out by simply adjusting antenna
direction or height, the process can be tedious and a long process of trial and error until
the coverage is achieved. The process can be time consuming and most times indoor
coverage are not achieved. With repeaters, separate optimization is carried out while the
whole interrelated parameters between systems remain unaffected.
SameSameSameSame ServiceServiceServiceService QualityQualityQualityQuality withwithwithwith LowLowLowLow investmentinvestmentinvestmentinvestment
When coverage needs to be extended or optimized, installing a new BTS or micro cell
may not be always the best solution and economical. In most cases a repeater will be the
best solution that will provide the same service quality at relatively lower cost.
FastFastFastFast &&&& easyeasyeasyeasy InstallationInstallationInstallationInstallation
Compared to a Base Station, wireless repeaters is space saving and does not need
additional wiring. Its installation simplicity and operational user friendliness appeal greatly
to many operators for the purpose of rural coverage or use of temporary coverage during
network optimization.
IntelligentIntelligentIntelligentIntelligent ModeModeModeMode
Compare to the worldwide repeater brand, Remotek developed a new smart function
called Intelligent Mode. The intelligent mode can prevent UL interference and
self-oscillation caused by insufficient isolation between donor and service antennas. Due
to the new generation Remotek repeaters setup parameters and keep optimal condition
automatically, the only thing for users is just activating this mode by touch panel. This
mode will be popularly used in Remotek new generation repeaters and create the best
performance for users.
Notify that the users cant adjust by manual setting when intelligent mode initiated.
SilenSilenSilenSilentttt ModeModeModeMode
As we know, its very important to consider the uplink noise floor when installing a new
repeater. As an active device, repeater will generate noise that can impact to the
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sensitivity of the BTS. Besides of the intelligent feature that can prevent from the UL noise
floor interference, Remotek also developed another new technology known as the Silent
Mode.
The silent mode can non-activate the UL PA (Power Amplifier) when there is no subscriber
were making a call under repeater coverage. With non-activated of the UL PA, it will
reduce the UL noise floor as low as possible. When there are subscribers making calls, the
silent mode will activate the UL PA back to normal.
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2.52.52.52.5 ProfileProfileProfileProfile
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure 2
2
2
2 Front
Front
Front
Front/Rear
/Rear
/Rear
/Rear View
View
View
View (Upper:
(Upper:
(Upper:
(Upper: Front,
Front,
Front,
Front, Below:
Below:
Below:
Below: Rear)
Rear)
Rear)
Rear)
2.62.62.62.6 BlockBlockBlockBlock DiagramDiagramDiagramDiagram
The Repeater has two similar circuits, which are designed for uplink and downlink
respectively. Each circuit consists of three main modules, Low Noise Amplifier (LNA),
Frequency Converter (FC) and Power Amplifier (PA).
At moment we will just consider one part say Downlink, which is from BTS to MS. Please
note that Uplink works in the same way but just signal direction is from MS to Node B.
Below diagram is self-explanatory showing signal path after entering into the repeater.
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a.
a.
a.
a. ER
ER
ER
ER0
0
0
0 1+1
1+1
1+1
1+1
b.
b.
b.
b. ET0
ET0
ET0
ET0 1+1
1+1
1+1
1+1
c
c
c
c.E
.E
.E
.ER
R
R
R0
0
0
0 2+1
2+1
2+1
2+1
d
d
d
d.
.
.
. ET0
ET0
ET0
ET0 2+1
2+1
2+1
2+1
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure 3
3
3
3 Repeater
Repeater
Repeater
Repeater block
block
block
block diagram
diagram
diagram
diagram
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When signal enters the repeater through Duplexer (a passive device that works as a filter)
then either uplink or downlink signal is allowed to pass. The filtered signal enters into LNA
in which weak signals are amplified with low noise figure. Then the signal passes FC
where signal frequency is made to IF to have a good filtration after passing through SAW
filter in the FC. At last the signal is amplified in power amplifier and is sent to service
antenna.
IF there are two FC modules in both uplink and downlink, the repeater allows operators
the options of having two (2) sub-bands which are discontinuous, without the frustration of
improving a competitors coverage which lay in between the sub-bands.
2.72.72.72.7 OutlineOutlineOutlineOutline ofofofof AvailableAvailableAvailableAvailable FunctionsFunctionsFunctionsFunctions
FrontFrontFrontFront PanelPanelPanelPanel LEDLEDLEDLED
The repeater is equipped with friendly monitoring front panel which displays various
repeater parameters & alarm status with the help of easy button. User can set optimum
parameters which make repeater to perform its best.
Detailed alarm and condition of the repeater can be viewed on the front panel, please
refer to the Maintenance chapter for in-depth of details each individual alarm condition
and what they mean.
31dB31dB31dB31dB ManualManualManualManual GainGainGainGain ControlControlControlControl
During installation, please attenuate the repeaters DL & UL gain setting from the buttons
of front panel, taking the path loss value and isolation issue into account to avoid
interference with the BTS and to optimize coverage region.
22220dB0dB0dB0dBAGCAGCAGCAGC
The 20dB AGC is used to maintain steady output power even when the source signal
fluctuates. It also can be used as an index to evaluate the amplifier. This function
effectively prevents the equipment from entering into saturated state and thereby avoids
signal distortion and call drops in the coverage area.
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3.3.3.3. InstallationInstallationInstallationInstallation
3.13.13.13.1 PreparationPreparationPreparationPreparation
a. Ensure the power to be accessed in within the repeaters working range: 110V/220V
20%. A separate circuit breaker is recommended.
b. Ensure the donor antenna is installed outside, and signal from the donor BTS is
present.
c. Ensure theres sufficient isolation between the donor and service antenna.
d. The repeater is designed for indoor application, ensures the location where the
repeater to be installed is waterproof and has good ventilation.
e. Ensure there are adequate resources to handle the weight of the repeater.
f. Its recommended some jumper cables to be prepared.
Recommended
RecommendedRecommended
Recommended tools
toolstools
tools required
requiredrequired
required
Table below list recommended tools that will be required for a successful installation:
Name Quantity Name Quantity
Signal Generator 1 Spectrum Analyzer 1
Laptop 1 Test Mobile 1
Multi-meter 1 Electrical Drill 1
Hammer 1 Spanner 2
Screwdriver 1 Waterproof glue 1
Walkie-talkie 2 Safety belt 1
RF arrestor (optional) 1 Other accessories
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3.23.23.23.2 AntennaAntennaAntennaAntenna InstallationInstallationInstallationInstallation
Selection of the right antenna is one of the most important aspects for a successful
installation of a repeater system. The antennas are usually selected and purchased by the
customer. Remotek will provide recommendations for the most suitable type of antenna
based on our experience for a successful and trouble free installation of the repeater if
required.
Installation location and performance/characteristic of the antenna can strongly influence
the Rxlev/Rxlev/Rxlev/Rxlev/RxpowerRxpowerRxpowerRxpower and RxQual/RxQual/RxQual/RxQual/Ec/NoEc/NoEc/NoEc/No of the intended coverage area.
Rxlev
RxlevRxlev
Rxlev and RxQual
RxQualRxQual
RxQual are two important parameters for the 2G system, which describe the
power level and quality of the DCS signal. While
WhileWhile
While the
thethe
the Rxpower
RxpowerRxpower
Rxpower and Ec/NoEc/NoEc/NoEc/No are two
important parameters for the 3G system, which describe the power level and quality of the
WCDMA signal. These parameters can be measured with testing devices, such as TEMS
,
or a Nokia
phone with Net Monitor function.
3.2.1
3.2.1
3.2.1
3.2.1 Donor
Donor
Donor
Donor Antenna
Antenna
Antenna
Antenna
3333.2.1.1.2.1.1.2.1.1.2.1.1 DonorDonorDonorDonor AntennaAntennaAntennaAntenna SelectionSelectionSelectionSelection
The donor antenna is usually selected and purchased by the customer. Remotek will
provide recommendations for the most suitable type of antenna based on our experience
for a successful and trouble free installation of the repeater if required.
There are many types of antennas on the market but the following general characteristics
should be met in selecting any donor antenna:
1. Working frequency: The donor antenna needs to be compatible with the repeaters
operating frequency range.
2. Waterproof: The donor antenna needs to be waterproof to prevent rainwater from
affecting the antennas characteristics, ultimately affecting the performance of the
repeater.
3. Directivity characteristic: An antenna with good directivity is recommended. It is
essential for the repeater to introduce a clean donor signal to amplify.
3.2.1.3.2.1.3.2.1.3.2.1.2222 DonorDonorDonorDonor AntennaAntennaAntennaAntenna InstallationInstallationInstallationInstallation
In most cases the donor antenna is installed against a wall, outside of the building,
directed in the direction of the donor BTS for best reception of the receiving signal. When
installing the donor antenna, the following conditions need to be considered:
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1. The antenna is recommended to be installed where donor BTS/Node B is in line of
sight.
For the 2G system. The signal level, Rxlev, at the BTS port of the repeater is
recommended to be in the range of -60dBm to -40dBm with an RxQual index ranging
from 0 to 2. The Rxlev of primary BCCH is at least 6dB higher than the BCCH of
neighboring BTS sites.
For the 3G system. The CPICH power, Rxpower, at the BTS port of the repeater is
recommended to be in the range of -70dBm to -50dBm with an Ec/No greater than
-7dB. The Ec/No of the primary CPICH is at least 6dB higher than the Ec/No of other
CPICH.
2. The donor antenna should be installed at least 3 meters above the ground to avoid
shadowing when objects pass in the front of the donor antenna. Its recommended to
install the donor antenna lower than 7th floor of any building. The antenna located in a
high floor will be difficult to obtain a dominant BTS/Node B signal nearby.
3. A lightning rod is necessary when the donor antenna is located at a relative high
position. On the other hand, an arrestor could be connected between repeater and
donor antenna for better protection.
The lightning rod and arrestor can be neglected only if the donor antenna is located at
a relative low position, comparing with the height of nearby lightning rods of buildings.
If the input signal (RxLev/Rxpower) of donor antenna is sufficient, it's recommended
to mount the donor antenna as lower as possible.
4. Waterproofing of the antenna installation can be achieved by following process:
1) Take care to form a half loop at the cable point of entry into the house so that rain
water will drop off than flowing inside down the cable length. Also form a half loop
for the coaxial cable before connecting to the repeater. The half loop formed with
the cable should be in the shape of , so if there is water on the cable, the
water would drop off. Please reference the following figure.
2) Secure the cable entry point, donor antennas connector and repeaters connector
by sealing it with a waterproof sealant is recommended.
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Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure 4
4
4
4Donor
Donor
Donor
Donor antenna
antenna
antenna
antenna installations
installations
installations
installations
3.2.2
3.2.2
3.2.2
3.2.2 Service
Service
Service
Service Antenna
Antenna
Antenna
Antenna
3.2.2.13.2.2.13.2.2.13.2.2.1 ServiceServiceServiceService AntennaAntennaAntennaAntenna SelectionSelectionSelectionSelection
The service antenna is usually selected and purchased by the customer. The service
antenna must support the frequency range of the repeater. Generally a broadband
antennas, which can support the frequency range of 824~2200MHz, are selected to be
compatible to all systems. The antenna type should meet the coverage requirement.
3.2.2.3.2.2.3.2.2.3.2.2.2222 ServiceServiceServiceService AntennaAntennaAntennaAntenna InstallationInstallationInstallationInstallation
It is necessary to find a good location for the service antenna in order to achieve best
coverage. The following should be considered when installing the service antenna:
1. Avoid installing near metal or obstacles that may influence its coverage performance.
2. Install the antenna at least 2m above the floor for the best coverage and for the
convenience of passers-by.
3. The service antenna should not be installed to close to the donor antenna to avoid
issues with isolation.
4. Waterproofing of service antennas connector with sealant is highly recommended.
Also form a half loop for the coaxial cable before connecting to the repeater. The half
loop formed with the cable should be in the shape of , so if there is water on the
cable, the water would drop off.
Form a half loop
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4.2.3
4.2.3
4.2.3
4.2.3 Lightning
Lightning
Lightning
Lightning Protection
Protection
Protection
Protection at
at
at
at Antenna
Antenna
Antenna
Antenna Installation
Installation
Installation
Installation
The donor antenna must be grounded as is required by standard EN 50083-1. The only
external antennas exempted from this are those:
fitted more than 2 meters below the crest of the roof
whilst also less than 1.5 meters from the building.
However, for safety reasons Remotek recommends to mount a potential equalization
device.
Danger can arise not just from thunderstorms (lightning strikes) but also through static
charge accumulation or discharge in the devices attached: Consequently, the pole and the
external conductor of the antenna cable must be connected to the buildings lightning
conductor system taking the shortest path vertically via a suitable grounding conductor (or
to the buildings grounding system if no lightning conductor system is available).
SuitableSuitableSuitableSuitable asasasas groundinggroundinggroundinggrounding conductor:conductor:conductor:conductor:
A single solid wire with a min. cross-section of at least 16 mm2 for copper, 25 mm2 for
aluminum or 50 mm2 for steel or metallic domestic installations (continuous metallic water
or heating system pipes, for example) provided that they at least meet the requirements
for grounding conductors in terms of cross-section and permanence of the electrical
connection.
NotNotNotNot suitablesuitablesuitablesuitable asasasas groundinggroundinggroundinggrounding conductor:conductor:conductor:conductor:
The external conductors of the antenna cable or the grounding conductor or neutral
conductor of the power system.
RoutingRoutingRoutingRouting ofofofof groundinggroundinggroundinggrounding conductor:conductor:conductor:conductor:
Antenna cables and grounding conductors must not be routed through rooms used for
storing easily inflammable substances (hay or straw, for example) or in which an explosive
atmosphere can develop (gases, vapors).
If the donor antenna is used in the integrated repeater systems (e. g. distribution systems),
the grounding measures must also be designed in such a way that grounding protection is
still maintained if individual units are removed or replaced.
3.33.33.33.3 IsolationIsolationIsolationIsolation
Isolation is another important concept when it comes to implementing a repeater system.
There must be sufficient isolation for the repeater system, which means the donor and
service antenna cannot be installed near one another. The propagation loss between the
antennas needs to be at least 15dB above the gain value of the repeater. Non-compliance
to this criterion can result in poor signal to the coverage area and may damage the
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amplifier of the repeater.
3.3.1
3.3.1
3.3.1
3.3.1 Self-oscillation
Self-oscillation
Self-oscillation
Self-oscillation Concept
Concept
Concept
Concept
Isolation is the propagation loss value from the repeaters output port to its input port. For a
wireless repeater, insufficient isolation between donor and service antennas would result in
self-oscillation.
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure 5
5
5
5 Self-oscillation
Self-oscillation
Self-oscillation
Self-oscillation concept
concept
concept
concept
As shown in the above diagram, the donor antenna receives a RF signal f1f1f1f1 from the Donor
BTS/Node B, after amplification by the repeater with gain G, the signal radiates out via the
service antenna. Part of f1f1f1f1 (f1(f1(f1(f1)))) radiates back towards the donor antenna (due to side lobe
characteristics of antennas) and is picked up by the donor antenna again and going through
the amplification process again. Severe self-oscillation issues result in poor signal quality and
at times can damage the repeaters amplifiers. To prevent self-oscillation from occurring, the
isolation value must be at least 15dB above the repeater gain.
IsolationIsolationIsolationIsolation GainGainGainGain ofofofof RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater ++++ 15dB15dB15dB15dB
When self-oscillation occurs, the alarm LED, DL AGC ENGAGE is triggered. Note that the
downlink output power indicator bars are all on. (Refer to Figure
FigureFigure
Figure 21
2121
21 for details).
3.3.2
3.3.2
3.3.2
3.3.2 Obtaining
Obtaining
Obtaining
Obtaining the
the
the
the Isolation
Isolation
Isolation
Isolation Value
Value
Value
Value
Theoretical
TheoreticalTheoretical
Theoretical calculation
calculationcalculation
calculation (for
(for(for
(for reference
referencereference
reference only)
only)only)
only)
The physical isolation between the donor and service antennas can be theoretically
estimates using the following formulas.
VerticalVerticalVerticalVertical Isolation:Isolation:Isolation:Isolation: I(dB)I(dB)I(dB)I(dB) ==== 28282828 ++++ 40404040 log(D/log(D/log(D/log(D/))))
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HorizontalHorizontalHorizontalHorizontal Isolation:Isolation:Isolation:Isolation: I(dB)I(dB)I(dB)I(dB) ==== 22222222 ++++ 20202020 log(D/log(D/log(D/log(D/)))) (G (G (G (G dddd ++++ GGGGssss))))
I = Isolation
D = Distance between donor and service antennas (m)
= Wavelength (m)
Gd = Gain of donor antenna facing service antenna
G s = Gain of service antenna facing donor antenna
If there is an obstacle (wall etc.) between donor and service antenna, the attenuation
value of the obstacle can be added into the equation.
PhysicalPhysicalPhysicalPhysical TestTestTestTest
To obtain an accurate and more precise estimation of the isolation value, a physical test
measurement may be carried out to obtain the isolation value for the actually environment
where the repeater is installed.
Connect signal generator to the donor antenna cable as figure 6 and transmit a
known frequency and power level from the signal generator. Frequency needs to be
within the idle frequency between uplink and downlink.
For example, in GSM900 system, uplink is 890~915MHz and downlink is
935~960MHz. We can take the frequency 920MHz, which is within 915MHz and
935MHz to make test. For WCDMA system, system uplink is 1920~1980MHz and
downlink is 2110~2170MHz. We can take the frequency 925MHz, which is within
915MHz and 935MHz to make test.
Connect the service antenna to a spectrum analyzer and scan for the know frequency.
Take a reading of the power level.
Subtract the power level received at the spectrum analyzer from the power level of
the signal generator to obtain the isolation value.
IsolationIsolationIsolationIsolation (dB)(dB)(dB)(dB) ==== OutputOutputOutputOutput PowerPowerPowerPower fromfromfromfrom SignalSignalSignalSignal GeneratorGeneratorGeneratorGenerator ReceivedReceivedReceivedReceived PowerPowerPowerPower atatatat
thethethethe SpectrumSpectrumSpectrumSpectrum AnalyzerAnalyzerAnalyzerAnalyzer
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Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure 6
6
6
6 Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical test
test
test
test
A relatively strong transmitting power from the signal generator is recommended (excess
of 25dBm) for easy recognition and detection by the spectrum analyzer.
Repeater may be damaged if it operates under self-oscillation condition over a period of
time.
3.43.43.43.4 RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater InstallationInstallationInstallationInstallation
3.4.1
3.4.1
3.4.1
3.4.1 Installing
Installing
Installing
Installing the
the
the
the Repeater
Repeater
Repeater
Repeater
Drill four holes in the wall and drive 6 screws in the holes, as illustrated in the figure
below. Distances between holes are indicated in the diagram.
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure 7
7
7
7 Screws
Screws
Screws
Screws Position
Position
Position
Position for
for
for
for Repeater
Repeater
Repeater
Repeater Mounting
Mounting
Mounting
Mounting
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Position the repeater in the targeted area as in the diagram below. The repeater
should be mounted vertically for good heat dissipation.
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure 8
8
8
8 Mount
Mount
Mount
Mount Repeater
Repeater
Repeater
Repeater
3.4.2
3.4.2
3.4.2
3.4.2 Connecting
Connecting
Connecting
Connecting Feeder
Feeder
Feeder
Feeder and
and
and
and Power
Power
Power
Power Cables
Cables
Cables
Cables
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure 9
9
9
9 Feeder
Feeder
Feeder
Feeder and
and
and
and power
power
power
power cables
cables
cables
cables
Connect the donor antenna cable to the BTSBTSBTSBTS port and service antenna to the MSMSMSMS port
of the repeater. Form a half loop for the cables with the shape of for both
cables, before connecting to the repeater.
Connect the end of the power cable to the repeater first before plugging in the power
cable to the mains socket. Use the power cable supplied with the package.
Note the following information when connecting the repeater to the coaxial cable.
To Service Antenna
To Donor Antenna
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The connector type of repeaters MS and BTS port is N-type female. Make sure the
cables connectors are compatible.
A lightening arrestor needs to be connected to the repeaters BTS port when the
donor antenna is installed in a high position. Grounding is essential for the arrestor
to work.
3.4.3
3.4.3
3.4.3
3.4.3 Inserting
Inserting
Inserting
Inserting the
the
the
the SIM
SIM
SIM
SIM Card
Card
Card
Card (ER0
(ER0
(ER0
(ER0 version)
version)
version)
version)
To connect to the repeater from a remote location for the purpose of monitoring and
configuring, the repeater needs to be inserted with a valid SIM card with data enabled
functions. Refer to the OMS/OMT users manual on how to connect to the repeater from a
remote location.
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure 10
10
10
10 Place
Place
Place
Place for
for
for
for insert
insert
insert
insert the
the
the
the SIM
SIM
SIM
SIM Card
Card
Card
Card
To insert the SIM card, on the front of the repeater, unplug the cover then use a
pointed object (the tip of a pen), eject the SIM card holder by pushing in on the eject
button.
Place the SIM card in the holder and re-insert it back in the socket.
3.4.4
3.4.4
3.4.4
3.4.4 Modem
Modem
Modem
ModemWorking
Working
Working
Working Requirements
Requirements
Requirements
Requirements
In order to assure the modem would be working properly, make sure the input donor
signal for the repeater meets the following requirement.
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If the input power for the repeater does not meet the requirements that are listed in the
table above, the modem may NOTNOTNOTNOT WORKWORKWORKWORK properly for the LowLowLowLow &&&& MediumMediumMediumMedium OutputOutputOutputOutput
PowerPowerPowerPower Repeaters.Repeaters.Repeaters.Repeaters.
As for the HighHighHighHigh OutputOutputOutputOutput PowerPowerPowerPower Repeaters,Repeaters,Repeaters,Repeaters, if the donor signal strength does not meet
the requirement listed in the table above, the following method can be used. Connect a
small antenna to connect to the SMA port that is on the bottom of the repeater, so the
modem can get the signal directly from this antenna and work properly. But this method
would NOTNOTNOTNOT WORKWORKWORKWORK if the signal strength around the repeater is notnotnotnot good enough.
SYSTEMSYSTEMSYSTEMSYSTEM
GSM/DCSGSM/DCSGSM/DCSGSM/DCS CDMACDMACDMACDMA AWS/WCDMAAWS/WCDMAAWS/WCDMAAWS/WCDMA
InputInputInputInput DonorDonorDonorDonor
SignalSignalSignalSignal
StrengthStrengthStrengthStrength forforforfor
thethethethe RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater
LowLowLowLow&&&&MediumMediumMediumMedium
OutputOutputOutputOutput PowerPowerPowerPower
(OP)(OP)(OP)(OP) RepeatersRepeatersRepeatersRepeaters
(OP(OP(OP(OP > 30dBm)30dBm)30dBm)30dBm)
Rx Level
-65dBm
RSCP
-70dBm
RSCP
-75dBm
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4.4.4.4. CommissioningCommissioningCommissioningCommissioning
The following chapter outlines the process to optimize the performance of the repeater.
The gain setting, isolation, downlink output power and repeater uplink noise contribution
will be considered.
4.14.14.14.1 CommissioningCommissioningCommissioningCommissioning PrinciplePrinciplePrinciplePrinciple
4.1.1
4.1.1
4.1.1
4.1.1 Downli
Downli
Downli
Downlink
nk
nk
nk Output
Output
Output
Output Power
Power
Power
Power
The total downlink output power of the repeater is depend on the input power and the
repeater gain. To ensure the maximum power of the repeater is achieved at the MS port of
the repeater, the following condition should be met. (For the WCDMA system there is a
additional 10dB needs to be subtracted, it is reserved for future traffic increase purpose).
4.1.1.14.1.1.14.1.1.14.1.1.1 GainGainGainGain andandandand OutputOutputOutputOutput PowerPowerPowerPower
The gain is the amplifying ability of the repeater. The repeater has a constant gain for both
uplink and downlink. The gain can be adjusted by setting an attenuation value.
The maximum output power of the repeater is determined by the linearity of the amplifier
block of the repeater. For any given input signal power, its corresponding output is
increased by the gain of the repeater, the output power will increase along a linear curve
based on the fix gain value.
If the input signal amplified by the gain set exceeds the rated set output limit, the AGC
(Automatic gain control) will be triggered. The AGC ensures that the maximum output
power of repeater is maintained and does not overdrive the repeaters amplification circuit.
DLDLDLDL GainGainGainGain ==== MinMinMinMin {({({({(DLDLDLDL RequiredRequiredRequiredRequired OutputOutputOutputOutput PowerPowerPowerPower ---- InputInputInputInput Power),Power),Power),Power), MaximumMaximumMaximumMaximum DLDLDLDL Gain}Gain}Gain}Gain}
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Figure
FigureFigure
Figure 11
1111
11 Gain
GainGain
Gain V.S.
V.S.V.S.
V.S. Output
OutputOutput
Output power
powerpower
power (Ex:
(Ex:(Ex:
(Ex: R17ER0)
R17ER0)R17ER0)
R17ER0)
4.1.1.24.1.1.24.1.1.24.1.1.2 LinkLinkLinkLink BudgetBudgetBudgetBudget
Below provides a typical example process for calculating the link budget of the repeater
system. Note in the example the gain of the repeater is set to 70dB.
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure 12
12
12
12 Link
Link
Link
Link budget
budget
budget
budget
(Ex:
(Ex:(Ex:
(Ex: R17)
R17)R17)
R17)
When the maximum output power cannot be achieved due to low donor signal input
availability, even at maximum gain, the following two approaches will help increase the
output power.
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Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure 13
13
13
13 Output
Output
Output
Output power
power
power
power improvements
improvements
improvements
improvements
(Ex:
(Ex:(Ex:
(Ex: R17ER0)
R17ER0)R17ER0)
R17ER0)
4.1.2
4.1.2
4.1.2
4.1.2 UL
UL
UL
UL Noise
Noise
Noise
Noise Floor
Floor
Floor
Floor
For a GSM and DCS system, the thermal noise has a power level of -121dBm. As for a
WCDMA system, the thermal noise has a power level of -108dBm.
With all amplifier systems including the repeater system, the noise level increases after the
amplification process.
For a GSM/DCS repeater system the uplink noise introduced to the BTS can be estimated
using the following equations: (as for the WCDMA system, just change the thermal noise
power level from -121dBm to -108dBm in the following equations, and all the procedures are
the same, and the UL Noise Floor of the WCDMA system can be calculated):
ULULULUL NoiseNoiseNoiseNoise FloorFloorFloorFloor ==== -1-1-1-121212121dBmdBmdBmdBm ++++ ULULULUL GainGainGainGain ++++ NoiseNoiseNoiseNoise FigureFigureFigureFigure ofofofof RRRRepeaterepeaterepeaterepeater1111
This amplified noise floor can be introduced to BTS. To minimize the effect of the noise to the
BTS, the noise level reaching the BTS should ideally be below -121dBm.
ULULULUL NoiseNoiseNoiseNoise FloorFloorFloorFloor PropagationPropagationPropagationPropagation LossLossLossLoss -121dBm-121dBm-121dBm-121dBm.2.2.2.2
If the noise floor reaching BTS is higher than -121dBm after the propagation loss, interference
to the BTS is possible.
By combining equations (1) and (2) together, a suitable uplink gain value for the repeater can
be calculated to ensure the noise level reaching the BTS is below -121dBm.
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ULULULUL GainGainGainGain PropagationPropagationPropagationPropagation LossLossLossLoss NoiseNoiseNoiseNoise FigureFigureFigureFigure ofofofof RRRRepeaterepeaterepeaterepeater
Example
ExampleExample
Example
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure 14
14
14
14 Noise
Noise
Noise
Noise figure
figure
figure
figure concentration
concentration
concentration
concentration
PropagationPropagationPropagationPropagation LossLossLossLoss ==== BTSBTSBTSBTS OutputOutputOutputOutput PowerPowerPowerPower RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater InputInputInputInput PowerPowerPowerPower ==== 44443dB3dB3dB3dBmmmm (-(-(-(- 61616161dBdBdBdBmmmm)))) ==== 104104104104dBdBdBdB
So,So,So,So, ULULULUL GainGainGainGain ==== 65656565dBdBdBdB PropagationPropagationPropagationPropagation LossLossLossLoss NoiseNoiseNoiseNoise FigureFigureFigureFigure ofofofof RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater ==== 104dB104dB104dB104dB 7777dBdBdBdB ==== 99997777dBdBdBdB
Due to the low uplink gain (70dB), the uplink interference coming from amplified noise floor
shall be considered safe for usual installation.
The extreme case is when donor antenna is mounted at where signal level is too strong (it
means repeater site is very close to BTS site). With small path loss, BTS will
receive high noise floor and thus impact the sensitivity of BTS receiver. In other words, uplink
signals (from subscribers) at cell edge will fail to reach BTS. The recommended RxLev
measured by the engineering mobile is ranged from -55dBm to -70dBm.
4.1.3
4.1.3
4.1.3
4.1.3 Isolation
Isolation
Isolation
Isolation
Isolation is an important condition that MUST be met for trouble free operation of the
repeater. To ensure that the condition is met, the following equation MUST be met.
RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater GainGainGainGain IsolationIsolationIsolationIsolation 15dB15dB15dB15dB
Refer to part 3.3 for further details about isolation and how to measure the value.
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4.24.24.24.2 RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater ConfigurationConfigurationConfigurationConfiguration
Based on equations established in the previous sections, the gain of both uplink and
downlink can be calculated.
4.2.1
4.2.1
4.2.1
4.2.1 Gain
Gain
Gain
Gain Calculation
Calculation
Calculation
Calculation
Before switching on the repeater, calculate the uplink and downlink gain value required.
Gain calculation is based on the equations established in previous sections to provide the
following parameters: repeaters required output power, repeaters uplink noise floor and
repeaters isolation.
1.1.1.1. DLDLDLDL GainGainGainGain ==== MinMinMinMin {(DL{(DL{(DL{(DL TotalTotalTotalTotal OutputOutputOutputOutput PowerPowerPowerPower ---- InputInputInputInput Power),Power),Power),Power), MaximumMaximumMaximumMaximum DLDLDLDL Gain}Gain}Gain}Gain}
2.2.2.2. ULULULUL GainGainGainGain PropagationPropagationPropagationPropagation LossLossLossLoss NoiseNoiseNoiseNoise FigureFigureFigureFigure
3.3.3.3. RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater GainGainGainGain IsolationIsolationIsolationIsolation 15dB15dB15dB15dB
4.2.1.14.2.1.14.2.1.14.2.1.1 DLDLDLDL GainGainGainGain ValueValueValueValue
For the GSM/DCS system, the downlink gain value calculation is based on the downlink
input power and output power.
The following information should be obtained before hand:
Donor CPICH at Donor Antenna (without donor antenna gain) Rxlev
Gain of Donor Antenna GAnt
Loss of Coaxial Cable L (Obtained from Cable Spec.)
With the information above, DL gain setting can be calculated as following
Input Power = Rxlev + GAnt L
So, DL Gain = Min {(DL Total Output Power - Input Power), Maximum DL Gain}
As for the WCDMA system, the downlink gain value calculation is based on the downlink
input power and output power.
The following information should be obtained before hand:
Donor CPICH Strength at Donor Antenna (without donor antenna gain) Rxpower
Gain of Donor Antenna GAnt
Loss of Coaxial Cable L (Obtained from Cable Spec.)
With the information above, DL gain setting can be calculated in the following manner
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Input Power = Rxpower + GAnt - L
For the WCDMA system
DL Gain = Min {(DL Total Output Power - Input Power - 10dB), Maximum DL Gain}
In WCDMA system, to preserve some space for traffic channel, repeaters output power
needs to be set 10dB lower than its total output power during commissioning.
Example
ExampleExample
Example
If : Suppose the DL Total output power = 20dBm; DL Gain = 70dB;
: Rxlev = - 65dBm; G
Ant
= 7dBi; L = 3dB;
Input Power = -65dBm + 7dBi 3dB = -61dBm
DL Total Output Power - Input Power = 20dBm - (-61dBm) = 81dB
Hence, DL Gain = Min {(DL Total Output Power - Input Power), Maximum DL Gain}
= Min (81dB, 70dB) = 70dB
4.2.1.24.2.1.24.2.1.24.2.1.2 ULULULUL GainGainGainGain ValueValueValueValue
Taking into account uplink noise floor and power balance issue between uplink and
downlink, it is recommended the uplink gain be set 5dB lower than the downlink gain (For
REMOTEK repeaters only).
ULULULUL GainGainGainGain ==== DLDLDLDL GainGainGainGain 5555dBdBdBdB
When Repeater is close to the BTS, hence there is a high input power at the donor
antenna. It is recommended to decrease the UL gain or add an RF attenuator at
repeaters BTS port to avoid interference to the BTS
4.2.1.34.2.1.34.2.1.34.2.1.3 IsolationIsolationIsolationIsolation
Refer to section 3.3 to obtain the isolation value and ensure the isolation condition meet:
IsolationIsolationIsolationIsolation GainGainGainGain ++++ 15dB15dB15dB15dB
SufficientSufficientSufficientSufficient IsolationIsolationIsolationIsolation
DL gain is set to be the calculated value in section 4.2.1.1 and the UL Gain = DL gain
5dB
InsufficientInsufficientInsufficientInsufficient IsolationIsolationIsolationIsolation
Adjust or move the antennas to increase isolation value. If isolation cannot be
increased, then readjust the DL gain to meet the following conditions:
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Dual Band Compact Repeater Users Manual
DLDLDLDL GainGainGainGain IsolationIsolationIsolationIsolation 15dB15dB15dB15dB
ULULULUL GainGainGainGain ==== DLDLDLDL GainGainGainGain 5555dBdBdBdB
Example
ExampleExample
Example:
DL gain = 70dB (as previously calculated in 4.2.1.1) and Isolation is 78dB
In this condition, the DL Gain has to be decreased to meet the isolation requirement:
DL Gain = 78dB 15dB = 63dB
UL Gain = DL Gain 5dB = 58dB
4.2.2
4.2.2
4.2.2
4.2.2 Start-up
Start-up
Start-up
Start-up the
the
the
the Repeater
Repeater
Repeater
Repeater
Below outlines the procedures and conditions when switching on the repeater
Make sure repeaters BTS and MS ports are connected with 50-ohm terminators(loads).
Only when isolation is 15dB higher than repeaters maximummaximummaximummaximum gain, can the repeater be
switched on. Otherwise, connect the repeaters ports with terminators and then adjust the
gain lower than isolation 15dB at first. Failure to comply may result in self-oscillation and
damage the repeater.
Make sure power supply cable is connected to the repeater properly, and the voltageis within repeaters voltage range: 110/220V 20%
Connect the repeater to a laptop via a RS232 cable if monitoring the repeatersparameters is required.
Start the repeater. Once the repeater is on, it requires several seconds for initialization.Diagram below shows possible LED indicators when switching on for the first time.
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure 15
15
15
15 Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal Status:
Status:
Status:
Status: AGC
AGC
AGC
AGC not
not
not
not active
active
active
active
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MANUAL
MANUALMANUAL
MANUAL GAIN
GAINGAIN
GAIN CONTROL
CONTROLCONTROL
CONTROL
Figure 15shows the displays repeaters gain for uplink. To change to the repeaters
gain for downlink, press the select button, and the SELECT LED at the U/L which is in
the Status System Information will be change to D/L. For this repeater, the default
setting of gain is the maximum gain of repeater.
OUTPUT
OUTPUTOUTPUT
OUTPUT LEVEL
LEVELLEVEL
LEVEL
Indicates the repeaters output power. The minimum power value that the repeater will
display is 0dBm. Normally, the uplink power is fairly low and is not indicated by the
LED. When the mobile inside the coverage is near to the service antenna, the UL
POWER LED will be triggered.
SYSTEMSYSTEMSYSTEMSYSTEM STATUSSTATUSSTATUSSTATUS INFORMATIONINFORMATIONINFORMATIONINFORMATION
ConditionConditionConditionCondition 1111:::: Under the well-planned installation, the LED indicators on the front
panel will be displayed like Figure 16 The six of D/L output power LED indicators
displayed in solid green light and AGC LED indicator is off. In order to perform the
maximum signal coverage with better AGC control range like illustrated in Figure 16,
please modulate gain of the repeater at manual mode, or turn the repeater to auto
gain mode.
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure 16
16
16
16 Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal Status:
Status:
Status:
Status: Output
Output
Output
Output Power
Power
Power
Power Is
Is
Is
Is Detected
Detected
Detected
Detected (R17S
(R17S
(R17S
(R17S sample)
sample)
sample)
sample)
ConditionConditionConditionCondition 2222:::: When the input power is we