New perspectives for remote sensing of trace gas transport by the Asian Monsoon
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Transcript of New perspectives for remote sensing of trace gas transport by the Asian Monsoon
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Martin Riese on behalf of the
PREMIER Mission Avisory Group
and PREMIER study team
New perspectives for remote sensing of trace gas transport by
the Asian Monsoon
International Workshop on Asian Summer Monsoon and Its Role in Global Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange (ASM-STE)
Lhasa, China, July 21-23, 2010
TO OBSERVE ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION
FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE INTERACTIONS
premier –
process exploration through measurements of infrared and millimetre-wave emitted radiation
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Operational Service drivenResearch driven
Earth Explorer Earth Watch
Meteorology w. Eumetsat
GMES
MeteosatMSGEPS (MetOp)MTGPost EPS
Sentinel 1Sentinel 2Sentinel 3Sentinel 4Sentinel 5
www.esa.int/livingplanet
ESA’s Living Planet Programme
Core Missions
Opportunity Missions
GOCELaunched17/3/09
EarthCARE2013
ADM-Aeolus2011
CryoSat 22010
SMOS2009
Swarm2010
EE 72016? ?
EE 82017
User Consultation meeting in early 2012 is final selection point for EE 7:PREMIER, Biomass, CoreH2O
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1. Scientific background and instrument
concept
2. Phase-0 studies with respect to transport in
the region of the Asian Monsoon
3. Narrow down uncertainties in the
representation of UTLS transport and
mixing
(Part of Science Impact Study during
phase-A)
Content
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Scientific background
Changes in the UTLS have a large impact on surface temperature !
Surface temperature sensitivity / unit mass change [relative scale]
Pre
ssu
re (
hP
a)
Ozone Water vapour
Tropopause
24 km
~6 km
Methane
P. Forster,RFA 2008
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Improved prediction capabilities of CCM require quantitative understanding of processes that control the composition of the UTLS !
Scientific background
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The aim of PREMIER is to quantify the dynamical, radiative, and chemical processes controlling global atmospheric composition in the mid-upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (5 – 25 km height), to which surface climate is particularly sensitive.
Mission objectives:
PREMIER = PRocess Exploration through Measurements of Infrared and millimetre-wave Emitted Radiation
Theme 1: UTLS structure and its impact on surface climate and dynamical couplingTheme 2: Impact of convection, pyroconvection and their outflow on the UTLSTheme 3: Trace gas exchange between troposphere and stratosphere (focus on Asian Monsoon !)Theme 4: Processes linking the UTLS to the lower troposphere
Mission themes:
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Observational requirements• Altitude range: 5 - 55 km • Minimum 4 year mission duration• Metop Orbit (sun-synch. , 9.30h, 98° incl.) • Multiple trace gases (and clouds) at high 3D-resolution
Typhoon
PREMIER
MIPAS
Dynamics: 0.5 km x 25 km x 50 km Chemistry: 1.5 km x 80 km x 100 km
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• First Infra-Red FTS Limb-Imager (IRLS) with integrated Cloud Imager
(IRCI)
(Riese et al., ASR, 2005; Friedl-Vallon et al., ASR, 2006)
• MM-Wave Limb-Sounder (MWLS) optimized for upper troposphere
Instrument concept
4000 simultaneous limb views (interferogramms)In ~3.5 seconds !!!
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• Limb-views coincident with Metop nadir views
Observation concept
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Airborne demonstration and tomographie
GLORIA-AB on Geophysica and HALO (JÜLICH and KIT)
First Geophysica mission in summer 2011 !
Source: FZJ-ZAT
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1. Scientific background and instrument
concept
2. Phase-0 studies with respect to transport in
the region of the Asian Monsoon
3. Narrow down uncertainties in the
representation of UTLS transport and mixing
(Part of Science Impact Study during
phase-A)
Content
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Convective uplift in the area of the Asian monsoon
Transport affects 3D structure of methane in the UTLS and global radiative forcing !
GEMS CH4 – Aug to Oct’03Enhanced methane emissions over wetlands in India and Bangladesh
18 km
0 km
Height of1.9 ppmvcontour
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Retrieval Simulations for PREMIER IRLS and IASI
PREMIER captures the structure of the plume in the UTLS. IASI provides the extension to the sources. Example of feasibility of secondary mission aim
GEMS
IASI IRLS+IASI
IRLS
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Transport in the vicinity of the TTL
CLaMS Simulation of H2O at 18 km altitude (420 K) – Juli to
Dez’03
Mixture of • of young air in center of Asian monsoon lifted by convective transport• and of older air mixed-in from extra-tropics by quasi-horizontal transport
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Retrieval Simulation for IRLS (Dynamics Mode)
PREMIER is capably to resolve small-scale trace gas structures
Gap between previous satellite and airborne observations are filled
H2O
CLaMS
O3
CLaMS
IRLS IRLS~18km ~19km
Lat
itu
de
Lat
itu
de
Longitude Longitude
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1. Scientific background and instrument
concept
2. Phase-0 studies with respect to transport in
the region of the Asian Monsoon
3. Narrow down uncertainties in the
representation of UTLS transport and
mixing
(Part of Science Impact Study during
phase-A)
Content
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Motivation
Failing water vapour distribution of the Eulerian scheme (E39) is largely responsible for the cold bias in the polar troposphere and cold pole problem in the polar lower stratosphere
Impact on surface climate will be investigated as part of the PREMIER Science Impact Study
E39 - Eulerian E39 - Lagrange
• Comparison of CCM (DLR) water vapour fields with HALO
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Sensitivity of trace gas concentrations to vertical velocity representation
• Higher dispersion in kinematic case and frequent subsidence in higher TTL and LS in kinematic case leads to lower water vapour and higher ozone.
• Observational evidence that diabatic scheme is superior (Plöger et al., in prep.)
Diabatic case Kinematic Case
Plöger et al., in prep.
• 60-day backward trajectories starting in the tropics at 400K based on ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis (Simmons et al., 2006; Uppala et al., 2008)
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Dependence of UTLS H2O on vertical velocity scheme in multi-annual CLaMS simulations
• Water vapour difference (%) between kinematic and adiabatic case
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Next steps
• Quantify impact of transport/mixing schemes on surface climate in CCMs (RF calculations by Piers Forster; Analysis of CCM results).
• Characterize impact of transport/mixing schemes on tracer structures such as tropopause folds and filaments based on global CLaMS runs with 25km horizontal resolution. The Asian monsoon appears to be a good test environment (see presentation of Yong Wang)
• Show potential of PREMIER to narrow down uncertainties transport and mixing schemes.
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Summary and outlook
PREMIER of three candidate missions selected for Phase A study by ESA
in early 2009. Final selection will take place in early 2012
PREMIER will bring into sharp focus processes linking atmospheric
composition and climate !
For the first time, global 3-D distributions in the UTLS will be observed
from space with resolution needed to investigate the underlying key
processes.
PREMIER will also contribute to global height-resolved monitoring and
operational applications in mission time-frame
Development schedule compatible with launch during 2016 as
Earth Explorer 7 according to an ESA assessment.