New passive solutions for summer comfort and timber housing in ...

27/05/2011 - 15th International Passive House Conference - Innsbruck

New passive solutions for summer comfort

and timber housing in French Atlantic climate

Context, solutions,

experience feedbacks

and perspectives

Stéphanie DECKER Research Engineer

27 May 2011 - 15th International Passive House Conference - Innsbruck

Co-authors:

Denis BRUNEAU

Philippe LAGIERE

Jérôme LOPEZ


Table of contents


1. I2M and NOBATEK presentation

2. French Atlantic climate and timber housing

3. Case studies and experience feedbacks


Table of contents

3







I2M Institute

� Mechanical and Engineering Institute of Bordeaux

� 6 departments :

- APY : Acoustic Physic

- DUMAS : Durability Materials of Assembly and Structures

- GCE : Civil and Environmental Engineering

- IMC : Mechanical Engineering and Design

- TREFLE : Fluids and Transfers

� Today : 260 staffs

- 124 researchers, 3 research engineers and 38 technicians

- 100 PhD students

- Fluid and solid mechanics, but also civil engineering,

acoustic, energy and mechanical engineering




Nobatek organisation

� Non-profit organisation, established in 2005

� CRT : « Technology Resources Centre » label from the Ministry of

Higher Education and Research since 2007

� Fields of activity: environmental planning and sustainable building,

technologiesof building and energy efficiency

� Two sites : Head office in Anglet and one agency in Bordeaux

� Today : 40 employees :

• Researchers, engineers and technicians

• 5 PhD students

• Constructional and civil engineering, thermal studies, sustainable

development, materials, informatics, home automation, monitoring...

� Wide partnership network:

• Bordeaux I University and particularly I2M institute

• Technological centres of TECNALIA and European network

• Competitive cluster (Xylofutur et CREAHd)

NOBATEK

ECOCAMPUS

NOBATEK

ECOCAMPUS

5


Table of contents




6



Demographic Context

7

Demographic context

� In 2008 : 3,2 millions of inhabitants

� + 1% per year in ten years

� By 2030 : 390 000 new households

Social housing context

� In 2008 : a lack of 29 000 moderate-

rent houses

� In 2009 : 10% of houses are

moderate-rent against a national

objective of 20%

� By 2030?

New moderate-rent houses

27/05/2011 - 15th International Passive House Conference - Innsbruck 8


Climate context

Innsbruck, Austria Strasbourg, France

Bordeaux , France

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CD

D (°C

)

Cooling Degree Days - Base Temperature 26°C

Innsbruck, Austria

Strasbourg, France

Bordeaux , France

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

HD

D (°C

)

Heating Degree Days - Base Temperature 18°C

Climate context

� Summer

temperature reaches

easily 36°C

� Summer relative

humidity fluctuates

between 40 and 90%

in one day

Hot and humid



Thermal and comfort context

� French thermal regulation (RT2005) : maximum operative temperature

� Many Aquitaine projects : low energy buildings adapted to Atlantic region in term

of winter and summer comfort

9

Many advantages

� Rapidity

� Low cost

� Clean construction site

� Energy savings

� Local resource (maritime

pine -> cultivated forest)

But one drawback : Low thermal inertia

Timber housing as a solution

Energy savings and thermal comfort...

What are the solutions?


Contents




10



Napevomo

Research project

NapevomoStudy, design, construction and monitoring during operation phase

of an energy-plus-house for the international competition :

Solar Decathlon Europe 2010

11



Napevomo : Architectural solutions

12

Sun protections and inertia

Natural ventilation



Napevomo : Free-cooling system

13

Latent heat thermal energy storage system using paraffin

Day functioning Night functioning

Tint>Tm

Tout<Tm



Napevomo : Results

14

Currently

� Moved to Bordeaux

� Complete monitoring and PhD thesis on LHTES system

In Madrid during SDE 2010

� Climate : High temperature

� 2d prize for comfort conditions

� Low energy consumption during the competition

10

15

20

25

30

35

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

0:00 2:30 5:00 7:30 10:00 12:30 15:00 17:30 20:00 22:30

Temperature (°C)Power (W)

Time (h)

Power demand

Power output

Interior Temperature

Exterior Temperature

27°C



MPPMF

Research project

Low Consumption Housing in Maritime Pine

(MPPMF)Study, design, construction and monitoring during operation phase

of 2 low consumption wood frame buildings essentially made by

maritime pine.

15


Conception and construction of two adjoined houses

within a district of 41 houses in Aquitaine.


MPPMF : Presentation

16

Architect : D. Gorse

Contractor : Gironde Habitat



MPPMF : Objectives

Main objectives

� Energy savings and thermal comfort (winter/summer)

� Adaptation to the Aquitaine climate

� Optimal use of maritime pine wood for the structure and the envelop

� Development of local business network

� Cost control for social housing

Thermal performance objectives

� Heat needs < 15 kWh/(m².year)

� Summer temperature < 28 °C

� Thermal discomfort < 8 %

Thermal discomfort have been defined as the percentage of

time when temperatures should not comply with

adaptive comfort conditions [Brager 2005]17



MPPMF : Two houses

18

Massive

houseLight

house

Massive house

� Massive wood

� Natural ventilation

optimised

Light house

� 100% wood framing

� Ground-coupled

heat exchanger



MPPMF : Architectural solutions

19

Architect : C. Maintrot



MPPMF : Ground-coupled heat exchanger

20

By-pass

OpenBy-pass

Open

Outside fresh

air inletGround fresh

air inlet

Air extractor

Ground fresh

air inlet

Manhole

Mechanical

ventilation

Outside fresh

air intake

Length : 37.8m

Depth : 2.5m

T>25°C

Manual

Heat exchanger

Top view :



MPPMF : Results

21

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

>25°C >26°C >27°C >28°C >29°C

Hours

(h)

Air température (°C)

Ground floor

First floor

Exterior

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 6:00 12:00

Temperature(°C)

Time (h)

Exterior

Ground floor

First floor

Winter Heating needs(< 15 kWh/(m².year)

6,1 kWh/(m².year)

in winter 2010/2011

Summer comfort(T< 28 °C and Thermal

discomfort < 8 %)

were performed in 2010

Summer (June 21 – September 21)



MPPMF : Results

22

August

Pipe Outside

Min 19,3°C 9,3°C

Max 22.8°C 36°C

Average 21°C 19,9°C

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

6/8 8/8 10/8 12/8 14/8 16/8 18/8 20/8 22/8 24/8 26/8 28/8 30/8

Tem

pé

ratu

re (°

C)

Ground Temperature at 0,5m deep

Outside Temperature

Pipe Temperature at 2,5m deep

In August 2010

COP cooling = 8,2

>25°C


Conclusions and perspectives

Timber housing

� Rapid implementation, suitable cost and energetic

performances

� Low inertia can be compensate

� Optimisation of semi-passive system have to be followed from

the design to the use phase

Perspectives

� PhD thesis on latent heat thermal energy storage system

� Improvement of design method and software adapted to

timber housing23

Social housing

Adapted to Atlantic climate

Development of design software


Thank-you for your attention

www.nobatek.com

New passive solutions for summer comfort and timber housing in ...

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