NEW PARADIGM OF NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY TOWARDS ENERGY...
Transcript of NEW PARADIGM OF NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY TOWARDS ENERGY...
NEW PARADIGM OF NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY TOWARDS
ENERGY SECURITY AND INDEPENDENCE
BY:
TUMIRAN
MEMBER OF
THE NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
2009-2014 PERIOD
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF ELECTRICITY, 21ST OF MARCH 2014
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
Non Renewable
Energy
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Renewable
Energy
• Oil • Coal • Gas • Nuclear
• Hydro power • Geothermal • Solar power • Bio-fuel • Bio-mass • Wind power • Sea power
Human Welfare
Energy security, safety considerations
Sustainability, independence, environment and the
economy
ENERGY RESOURCES
En
erg
y
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
ENERGY AND LIFE
Transportation
Lighting, household needs
Office, hotel, school administration support
Industrial purposes (for running industrial machines)
Satisfaction of industrial material needs
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Total Consumption
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
GROWTH OF ENERGY NEEDS
Konsumsi
Influencing
Factors
Total Consumption
Total Consumption
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• Population growth • Economic growth • Construction growth (offices,
homes, hotels) • Increased welfare • Change of lifestyle
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
WORLD ENERGY SITUATION
FOR CONSIDERATION
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NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
WORLD ENERGY NEEDS Source: IEA 2013
QBTU 820 QBTU
630
• Needs in 2010 to 2040 will increase up to 56%.
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• Needs in 2010 to 2040 will increase up to 56%. • A sharp increase from 524 Quadrillion British Thermal Unit (QBTU) to 630 QBTU in 2020 and to 820 QBTU in
2040. • OECD only increases 17%, while non-OECD will increase 90%. • Oil continues to dominate, followed by coal, gas, renewable energy, and nuclear. • Industry dominates 50% of energy needs. • Despite the Fukushima accident, the trend for nuclear energy generators continue to increase.
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
POLICIES IN SEVERAL COUNTRIES
• USA: energy security is part of national security, domestic demands
encourage industry, assurance on import influences int’l security, fossil energy
sources are stored, nuclear is partially relied on for electric supply. EBT is
developed – driving job opportunities.
• China: energy i s used t o more t he econom y t h rough industry,
imported oil and gas. Renewable energy is developed, job opportunities are
open. Coal supports low-cost electricity.
• Japan and Korea: these two countries do not have energy resources and
mineral resources. Imported energy resources are used to process imported
mineral resources and to provide added value. These two countries rely on
nuclear, and for security construct energy support reserve facilities.
• EU: has its own policy that integrates the guarantee of gas, oil and electricity
supply in EU environs.
• Indonesia: must reflect and reorient d o m e s t i c e n e r g y
m a n a g e m e n t i f i t w i s h e s t o b e c o m e i n d e p e n d e n t
and have energy security.
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NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
NATIONAL ENERGY SITUATION AND
CONDITION
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NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
15 BIGGEST OIL CONSUMER COUNTRIES
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Countries Oil: within organization Million barrel/day Proven reserve (billion
barrel) Consumption Production
Japan
South Korea
Canada
Mexico
France
Total of global reserve (billion barrel)
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
15 TOP OIL AND GAS CONSUMER COUNTRIES
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Countries Gas: billion cubic feet Consumption Production
Proven reserve (trillion cubic feet)
Japan
South Korea
Canada
Mexico
France
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
8 BIGGEST GAS EXPORTING COUNTRIES (IEA 2013)
Country Gas: Billion cubic feet Proven reserve
Consumption produksi Import/export (trillion cubic feet)
Rusia 17.803 23.775 +6.314 1.688 25%
Norway 113,29 4.052 +3.435 73,10 1%
Qatar 689,70 4.705 +4.015 890 13%
Canada 3.144 5.054 +2.012 68.17 1%
Netherland 2.852 1.610 +1.353 43.44 1%
Algeria 1.085 2.922 +1.836 159 2%
Indonesia 1.327 2.692 +1.365 108.40 2%
Malaysia 1.081 2.179 +1.098 83 1%
Total of global Gas reserve(Trillion Cubic feet) 6.845
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5
0,5
2,6
1,94
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
NATIONAL ELECTRICITY INFRASTRUCTURE 2011
No. INDICATOR INDONESIA JAPAN CHINA
1 Population (thousand) 241.134 127.360 1.344.130
2 GDP (Million US$) 846.832 5.867.154 7.318.499
3 GDP/Capita (Thousand US$) 3.512 46.067 5.445
4 Total Energy Consumption (Mil. TOE) 119,2 334,7 2.613
Energy Demand/Capita
(TOE/Capita)
6 Generator Capacity (GW) PLN 34,5 287 1.073
7 Electricity usage /Capita (kwh/Capita) 655,2 8.746 3.488
8 Renewable Energy share 4,05% 16%
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NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
THE NATIONAL ENERGY
BOARD AND THE NEW
PARADIGM OF NATIONAL
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
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NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
NEW PARADIGM OF NATIONAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT
In line with growing energy demand and to optimize energy management, DPR-RI and the Government
has issued a new Law on Energy (Law No. 30/2007). According to this law, Indonesia now has an agency for managing National Energy Policies. The agency is called the National Energy Board
(Dewan Energi Nasional – DEN).
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Menetapkan Rencana Umum Terwujudnya
Mendukung Pembangunan
Menetapkan Langkah-langkah
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
Duties of the National Energy Board
Designing and Formulating
National Energy Policies (KEN)
D VISION
E Energy Nasional (RUEN) energy security Guna
N Nasional Berkelanjutan
Penanggulangan Kondisi
Krisis and Darurat
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Designing and formulating National Energy Policies (Kebijakan Energi
Nasional – KEN)
Determining the General National Energy Plan (Rencana Umum Energi Nasional –
RUEN)
Determining Steps for Mitigating Energy Crisis and Emergency Conditions
Monitoring the Implementation of Cross-sectorial Energy Policies
Realization of Energy Security to Support Sustainable National Development
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
NEW PARADIGM FOR CREATING NATIONAL ENERGY
POLICIES BASED ON LAW NO 30, 2007
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Substantially approved: 28th of January 2018
Government/ President
National Energy Board
Approved National Energy Policy 2050
Formulating National Energy Policy
Expressed in Government Regulation
Described in RUEN
Validated by DEN
Execution monitored by DEN
POSITION OF KEN, RUEN AND RUED
holders: PT, Tentang Energy
masyarakat
RUEN, RUED KEBIJAKAN Energy
menuju
Ketahanan/K
RUED Disusun oleh Government RUKN
Kabupaten
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
NEW PARADIGM OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT:
Melibatkan Periode berbagai stake- Law No. 30/2007 Transisi
Industri,
menyusun emandirian
NASIONAL (KEN) Energy Law No. 30/2009
Concerning
Electricity
RUEN
Provinsi a n d ditetapkan oleh DEN
RUED RUPTL
/Kota
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Involving various stakeholders: companies,
industries, the community in creating RUEN
and RUED
Transition Period
towards Energy
Security/ Independence
Law No. 30/2007 Concerning Energy
Provincial RUED
Regency/ Municipal RUED
National Energy Policy (KEN)
RUEN Created by Government
and enacted by DEN
MENGURANGI
TERHADAP ?????:
pengolahan
Generatoran/produksi
• Jaminan pasokan
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
DOES INDONESIA HAVE ENERGY
INDEPENDENCE AND SECURITY?
• Is Indonesia Energy-independent?
• Constitution of ‘45
• Oil and Gas Laws
• Mineral and Mining Laws
• Nuclear Laws
• Energy Laws
• Electricity Laws
• Supporting regulations
• etc.
Telah didukung oleh
berbagai perundang
KEMANDIRAN
KETERGANTUNGAN
• Produksi/explorasi and
ekploitasi
• Teknolgi and peralatan,
• Peralatan
• Finansial and
permodalan
• Transportasi Energy
undangan and peraturan 18
INDEPENDENCE REDUCES DEPENDENCE ON:
• Production, exploration and exploitation
• Technology, equipments, and processing
• Generation/production equipments
• Finances and capitalization • Energy transportation • Supply guarantee
Supported by various rules and regulations
Energy internasional,
pengelolaan, meliputi, managemen,
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
ENERGY SECURITY
• Tersedia dengan cukup untuk kurun waktu tertentu
• Harga terjangkau oleh kemampuan masyarakat
• Tahan/Tidak mudah terpengaruh oleh gejolak lokal, regional maupun
• Memiliki independence di dalam
teknologi, transportasi dan pendistribusion,
• Memiliki kemampuan finansial setiap keadaan
• Memiliki sarana infratsruktur yang cukup
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ENERGY SECURITY
• Sufficiently available for a certain period • At a price affordable by the community • Resistant to/not easily affected by local,
regional, or international volatility • Independence of management, including
process, technology, transportation and distribution management
• Sufficient financial capacity at all times • Sufficient infrastructures and facilities
dari urutan 47 (tahun 2011) and urutan 29 (tahun 2010).
• Variable :
• Conventional
biofuels)
and unconventional hydrocarbon
financial and
deployment)
human constraints, fiscal regimes, and
to explore and develop available
• Environmental Acceptability : environmental
being able to afford energy services, capital and
energy
Denmark 3
…..
Japan 7
Australia 25
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
INTERNATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF INDONESIA‘S ENERGY INDEPENDENCE
Hasil Energy Sustainability Index Rankings oleh WEC: World Energy Council Indonesia menempati urutan 60 (tahun 2012), melorot Country Ranking
Canada 1
• Energy Resource Availability Sweden 2
resources, renewable resources (wind, solar, Zimbabwe 4
• Accessibility Barriers : Barriers (geopolitical, Colombia 5
need for major infrastructure and technology
resources.
and safety concerns USA 27 • Investment Cost Affordability : consumers Philippines 52
operating cost structures for developing various Thailand 58
• sources Indonesia 60
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The results of Sustainability Index Ranking by WEC: Indonesia is in the 60th position in 2012, falling from 47th in 2011 and 29th in 2010.
Variables: • Energy resource availability: conventional and
unconventional hydrocarbon resources, renewable resources (wind, solar, bio-fuel)
• Accessibility barriers: barriers (geo-political, financial and human constraints, fiscal regimes, and need for major infrastructures and technology deployment) to explore and develop available resources.
• Environmental acceptability: environmental and safety concerns.
• Investment cost affordability: consumers being able to afford energy services, capital, and operational cost structures for developing various energy sources.
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
Macro View of National Energy Policies
1. Changing the paradigm of Energy Policy: energy resources are not positioned as
commodities, but placed as national development assets.
2. Improving efficiency, conservation, and providing special attention for sustainable
development in the management of national energy.
3. Constantly improving the contribution of renewable energy in the national energy mix.
4. Increasing proven reserves of fossil energy and reducing its share in the energy mix.
5. Improving independence in national energy management, accelerate the creation of
new job opportunities, accelerate the role and participation of domestic industry in
the energy sector, and encouraging research and development in the energy
sector.
6. Accelerate the opening of energy access for everyone, especially for villagers and
residents of remote islands.
7. Securing energy supply, especially electricity, oil and gas.
8. Optimizing the use of natural energy resources for economic development of the
people according to Economic Added Value Process (by creating job opportunities
and industrial development).
9. Improving the understanding that fossil energy must be kept as long as possible toe
ensure security and sustainability for all stakeholders.
10. Determining energy support reserves.
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NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY (KEN)
The National Energy Policy is the national energy
management policy according to the principles of Fairness,
Sustainability, and Environmentally-viewed in order to create
National Energy Independence and Security
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NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
PURPOSES OF NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY
• National Energy Policy: heading towards the
realization of energy independence and energy
security to support sustainable national
development
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NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
Energy independence and Security
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Can be achieved by: a) Not treating energy resources as mere export commodities, but as
national energy assets. b) Independence of energy management. c) Maintaining domestic energy availability and satisfaction of energy source
needs. d) Maintaining optimum, integrated, and sustainable management of energy
resources. e) Efficient energy utilization in all sectors. f) Equal and fair distribution of energy in the community. g) Developing and increasing domestic technological, industrial, and energy
service capacities. h) Maintaining energy prices in a fair, economic level. i) Creating job opportunities. j) Preserving the environment.
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY
Main Policies A. Availability of energy for national needs.
B. Energy development priority.
C. Utilization of energy resources.
D. National energy reserves.
Supporting Policies A. Energy conservation and diversification.
B. Environment and safety concerns.
C. Energy prices, subsidies, and incentives.
D. Energy infrastructures, community and industrial access.
E. Energy research and development.
F. Energy institutions.
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NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
EXPLANATION ON THE DIRECTIONS OF NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY
a. Energy Availability Policies
Regulating national energy supply by improving proven reserves of fossil energy,
rationalizing of gas and coal, optimizing energy production, transportation and distribution
systems. b. Energy Supply Priority Policies
Regulating the use of renewable energy, minimizing the use of petroleum, optimizing natural
gas and new energies, coal as mainstay and security of national energy supply, and using
nuclear energy to support the security of national energy supply in large scale with strict
consideration of security. c. National Energy Resource Utilization Policies
Regulating the utilization of energy resources according to considerations of capacity,
sustainability, economy, and environmental impact. d. National Energy Reserve Policies
Regulating the guarantee of national energy security in order to mitigate energy crises and
emergency, whether caused by natural causes or the stability of world geopolitical condition. e. Conservation and Diversification Policies
Regulating the utilization of energy resources by continuing to maintain the conservation of
energy resources, improving the quality of energy resource values and diversity.
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NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
Continued
f. Environmental and Safety Policies
Regulating the harmony of national energy management with the direction of sustainable
national development, preservation of natural resources, and environmental control.
g. Energy Price, Subsidy, and Incentive Policies
Regulating energy prices, subsidies, and incentives in order to ensure the supply and
business of energy with continued consideration of the community’s capacity.
h. Energy Infrastructure and Industry Policies
Regulating the improvement of energy infrastructures and encouraging the solidification of
national energy industry.
i. Energy Research and Development Policy
Regulating the role of Government, Regional Government, and Enterprises in improving
energy technology research, development and implementation until commercial stage.
j. Institution and Funding Policies
Regulating the solidification of institutional and bureaucratic systems in energy
management by Government and Regional Government according to their authority.
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NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
National Energy Policy
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National energy policy is the policy of energy management based on the principles of
fairness, sustainability, and environmental-viewed in order to achieve national energy
independence and energy security
National Energy Policy Targets
National Energy Policy Purposes
National Energy Policy Steps
Ensuring energy availability for national needs
Implementing Energy
Development Priorities
National Energy Resource
Utilization (reorientation)
Implementing Energy
Conservation and Diversification
Acceleration of Energy
Infrastructures, Community Access
and Industry
Maintaining Environment
and Safety
Regulating Energy Prices, Subsidies and
Incentives
National Energy Resource
Utilization (reorientation)
National Energy Resource
Utilization (reorientation)
Preparing National Energy
Support Reserve
Integration of Energy
Research and Development
Regulating Energy
Institutions and Funding
Energy Input OUTPUT
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
CONTRIBUTION OF ENERGY IN NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
Energy is an essential input in economic development.
Other ECONOMIC
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• Oil • Refining • Transportation
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
ENERGY, INFRASTRUCTURES, TECHNOLOGY, R & D
AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
ENERGY ENERGY ENERGY SUPPLY TRANSFORMATIO DEMAND
• Renewable N • Industry
• Gas • Power Plant • Commercial
• Coal • Household
INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY
Without the support of energy investments and policies, the supply of energy need growth will be disturbed and
sustainable development cannot be achieved
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ENERGY SUPPLY • Renewable • Oil • Gas • Coal
ENERGY TRANSFORMATION
• Refining • Power Plant
ENERGY DEMAND • Industry • Transportation • Commercial • Household
Non Fosil Kontribusi Energy Listrik (5-15)% Cukup, Handal, Berkualitas
Tax
Salary
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
CONTRIBUTION OF ENERGY/ELECTRICITY IN THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
fossil energy dan
Tax
Product
Natural Resources 1 SWASTA (85-95)% Added Value
Natural Resources 2 PRODUKSI Natural Resources 3 PENGOLAHAN
JOB CREATION
Teknologi SDM
Insufficient Electricity
Added Value
Transforming Brainware
& Technological Skills
NOTHING
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Multi-plier
Fossil and Non-fossil
Energy
Contribution of Electric Energy (5%-15%)
Sufficient, Reliable, Good Quality
PRIVATE SECTOR (85%-95%) PRODUCTION PROCESSING
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
PROJECTED ENERGY NEED UNTIL 2050
32
BT
0 20
Gas Bu
25%
23,6%
31%
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
NATIONAL ENERGY MIX UNTIL 2050 (%)
2012 Petroleum Natural gas 5.6%
41,4%
29,4%
2030 25%
22% 30%
23%
2025 23%
30% 22%
2050
20%
25% 24%
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Coal Renewable
DESCRIPTION
UNIT
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
PROJECTED NATIONAL ENERGY NEEDS
PROJECTED YEAR
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2040 2050
PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION
High Scenario [BAU] Million TOE 159 225 330 450 590 920 1240
Low Scenario [Efficient] Million TOE 159 215 290 380 480 740 980
High Per Capita Scenario [BAU] TOE 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.7 2.1 3.1 4.0
Low Per Capita Scenario [Efficient] TOE 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.5 3.2
Average Growth Efficient] % 4.5 6.2 6.2 5.6 4.8 4.4 2.8
ELASTICITY 0.71 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5
PRIMARY ENERGY CONSERVATION % 0 4.7 12.1 18.4 18.6 19.6 21.0
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DESCRIPTION
UNIT
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
PROJECTED ELECTRICITY
NEEDS
PROJECTED YEAR
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2040 2050
ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
High Scenario [BAU] TWh 148 245 397 628 933 1680 2710
Low Scenario [Efficient] TWh 148 208 341 511 733 1330 2100
High Per Capita Scenario [BAU] kWh 620 980 1521 2316 3332 5619 8827
Low Per Capita Scenario [Efficient] kWh 620 832 1308 1886 2618 4448 6840
Average Growth [Efficient] % 7 7.1 10.4 8.4 7.5 6.1 4.7
ELASTICITY 1.06 0.89 1.30 1.05 1.00 0.9 0.7
GENERATOR CAPACITY
High Scenario [BAU] GW 35 58 92 145 203 340 550
Low Scenario [Efficient] GW 35 49 79 115 159 270 430
ANNUAL AVERAGE UTILIZATION
High Scenario [BAU] Hours 4722 4731 4791 4805 5065 5435 5420
Low Scenario [Efficient] Hours 4722 4754 4834 4977 5157 5468 5470
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NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
ENERGY MIX SCENARIO
Energy mix 2015 2020 2025 2030 2040 2050
Energy Total (MTOE) 215 290 380 480 740 980
Oil
share 39% 32% 25% 22% 21% 20%
Volume (MTOE) 84 93 95 106 155 196
Volume (M Barrel)) 622 688 703 784 1147 1450
Gas
share 22% 22% 22% 23% 24% 24%
Volume (MTOE) 47 64 84 110 178 235
Volume (TCF) 1,84 2,51 3,29 4,31 6,98 9,21
coal
share 29% 29% 30% 30% 27% 25%
Volume (MTOE) 62 84 114 144 200 245
Volume (M Ton)) 186 252 342 432 600 735
1 MTOE :
- 7.4 Million oil barrel
- 39.2 BCF natural gas - 3 Million ton coal lignite
Unit conversion source: BP Statistical Review, 2013
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NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
OBSTACLES IN IMPLEMENTING ENERGY POLICIES
37
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
OBSTACLES IN IMPLEMENTING ENERGY POLICY
1. State income continues to rely on energy resource yield.
2. Rules and regulations overlap, general legal and permit uncertainty,
especially in the energy sector.
3. Lack of coordination and integration between the energy sector and
other sectors, such as industry, trade, and technology.
4. Ambiguity of Central Government and Regional Government authority in
energy processing causes obstacles in implementing energy policy. 5. Cross-sector coordination is weak, causing tardiness and higher costs.
6. High dependence on oil fuel, especially in transportation sector.
7. High subsidy of fossil energy prices, so that new and renewable energy
development is obstructed because of higher cost than fossil energy
costs.
8. The energy sector requires large investments, thus necessitating
financial support for energy policies – especially from the national
banking sector. 9. Weak mastery of technology and weak supporting industry.
10. This sector is not too friendly to domestic resources.
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NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
ACCELERATION OF ELECTRIC INFRASTRUCTURES TOWARDS ENERGY
INDEPENDENCE AND SECURITY
39
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
PRINCIPLES AND PURPOSES
1. The principles of electric development: a. Benefit.
b. Fair efficiency.
c. Sustainability.
d. Economic optimization in utilizing energy resources.
e. Self-reliance.
f. Healthy business principles.
g. Safety and security.
h. Environmental protection.
i. Regional autonomy.
2. Electric development has the purpose of ensuring the availability of electric power in sufficient amount, good quality, and fair prices in order to improve the people’s welfare and prosperity in a fair and equal manner, and in order to realize sustainable development.
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NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
Pre-requisites of Availability for Healthy Electric Infrastructures
1. Quantity (availability) ???? :
40 GW for 240 Million persons
1. Quality ????
2. Reliability ????
3. Price ???? (subsidy)
41
(TWh)
31
.95
9
20
09
20
10
33
.98
3
20
11
39
.88
5
45
.25
3
20
12
47
.32
8
20
13
20
14
51
.21
4
20
15
53
.93
3
59
.91
1
20
16
20
17
65
.31
0
20
18
75
.88
3
20
19
85
.15
2
92
.31
0
20
20
20
21
97
.95
8
20
22
10
4.4
31
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
20
18
20
19
20
20
20
21
20
22
359
246
208
158
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE NATIONAL ELECTRIC CONDITION
• Total Generator Installed Capacity*) : 47.328 MW (PLN 74%, IPP 22%, and PPU 4%)
• Electric Energy Consumption (2013) : 188 TWh (Household 41%, Industry 34%, Business 19%,
Public 6%)
• Electric Energy Consumption Growth (2013): 7.8% p.a.
• Electrification Ratio (2013)**) : 80.51%
• Some regions have limited electricity supply (demand > supply)
• Electric Generation Energy Mix **) : coal 51.6%, Gas 23.6%, Oil Fuel 12.5%, Hydro power 7.7%,
Geothermal 4.4%
• Total Investment (2012): ± USD 7.16 Billion
Electricity
Consumption (TWh) (MW) 386
334 310
287 266
226
174 188
134 147
Projection and Plans based on RUPTL PLN 2013-2022
42
Installed Capacity
- JTM : 313,050 kms
50 kms • 70 kV : 534 kms
105 kms • JTR : 31,441 kms
Sumatra • • • •
: 7,694 MW (16%) 8 kms 3 kms 2 kms
• JTM : 94,957 kms • 57 kms
• Generator : 237 MW (0,5%) ,126 kms ,916 kms
• Generator : 527 MW (1%) Status: De :203,12339 kms
• Generator : • JTM : 9,441 kms
JAMALI :
: 13,100 kms
262,584 kms
• 150 kV •se7m0 bkeVr
• JTR :
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
Infrastruktur Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik
KALIMANTAN : • Generator : 1,935 MW (4%)
: Existing transmission network
: Planned transmission network
: Generator
• INSTALLED CAPACITY: 47,328 MW • TRANSMISSION NETWORK (38,096 kms):
- 500 KV : 5,052 kms - 275 KV : 1,028 kms - 150 KV : 27,780 kms - 70 KV : 4,228 kms
• DISTRIBUTION NETWORK (741,957 kms):
- JTR : 428,907 kms • 150 kV: 2,477 kms • 70 kV: 123 kms • JTM : 25,467 kms • JTR : 25,019 kms
SULAWESI : r : 2,392 MW (5%) • Generato
•150 kV : 3,4 • 70 kV : • JTM : 27, • JTR : 3
: MALUKU : • Generator : 269 MW (0,6%) • JTM : 4,852 kms • JTR : 2,780 kms
Generator 275 kV: 1,02 150 kV: 8,75 70 kV: 33
JTM : 94 JTR : 93,7 PAPUA :
• Pem • JTM : 3 • JTR : 3
• Generator : 33,568 MW (72%) • 500 kV : 5,052 kms Nusa Tenggara:
• JTM : 148,080 kms • JTR : 9,390 kms
Total generator installed capacity until Desember 2013 is about 47,328 MW. Transmission
network length is about 38,096 kms, and distribution network length is about 741,957 kms.
The interconnected electricity systems are the Java-Bali and the Sumatra system. 43
5
0,5
2,6
1,94
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
NATIONAL ELECTRICITY INFRASTRUCTURE 2011
No. INDICATOR INDONESIA JAPAN CHINA
1 Population (thousand) 241.134 127.360 1.344.130
2 GDP (Million US$) 846.832 5.867.154 7.318.499
3 GDP/Capita (Thousand US$) 3.512 46.067 5.445
4 Total Energy Consumption (Mil. TOE) 119,2 334,7 2.613
Energy Demand/Capita
(TOE/Capita)
6 Generator Capacity (GW) PLN 34,5 287 1.073
7 Electricity usage /Capita (kwh/Capita) 655,2 8.746 3.488
8 Renewable Energy share 4,05% 16%
12
Population
(Millions)
Generator
(billion kWh)
GDP/
Capita
1
0.41
3
54,400
0,76
8.507
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
National and Asean Electric Infrastructure 2012
Generator
No. Country Capacity (kWh/Capita)
GW
Brunei
Darussalam
2 Singapore 5.35 45 48,500 10,49 8.404
3 Malaysia 29.18 129,1 14,200 28,40 4.4246
4 Thailand 67.09 155 7,900 48,5 2.316
5 Vietnam 91.52 98 2,500 22,06 1.073
6 Indonesia 237,64 162 3,500 35,33 680
7 Philippines 103.77 67 3,100 647
8 Cambodia 14.95 2 1,800 164
9 Myanmar 54.58 6 1,100 110
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NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
REALIZATION OF ELECTRIFICATION RATIO 2013
Electrification Ratio 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Realization 65.10% 65.79% 67.15% 72.95% 76.56% 80.51% Rencana Sesuai Draft RUKN 81.51% 83.18% 86.37% 89.56%
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Production and Revenue Composition
Cost
(R)
(R)
Z Profit + Z + Y > X
(BPP = P)
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
(Concept)
Profit
Revenue IDEAL
Revenue total > X
Subsidy (S) Y
Costs X
Profit
Revenue
(BPP = P)
Subsidy (S)
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TWh 26
144 275 TWh
JB : 7,6% Indonesia: 8,4%
TWh
Maluku: 10,9%
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
PROJECTED ELECTRICITY NEED
18 44
TWh
66 Kalimantan: 10,7%Sulawesi: 10,8% IT :10,8%
TWh
Sumatra: 10,6%
Papua: 10%
385
188 TWh
TWh TWh
2013 2022 Nusa Tenggara: 11,1%
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Demand (TWh) 207 226 246 266 287 310 334 359 386
Sumber: RUPTL PLN 2013-2022
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ANGKIT TENAGA LISTRIK TAHUN 2008 – 2014
APBN
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
ENERGY MIX DEVELOPMENT AND TARGET
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Oil *) 36% 25% 22% 22,95% 14,97% 12,54% 9,70% Gas 17% 25% 25% 21,00% 23,41% 23,56% 22,02% Coal 35% 39% 38% 44,06% 50,27% 51,58% 57,24% Hydro 9% 8% 12% 6,80% 6,39% 7,73% 6,09% Geothermal 3% 3% 3% 5,13% 4,85% 4,42% 4,43% Other EBTs 0% 0% 0% 0,07% 0,11% 0,16% 0,52%
*) In 2014, the use of oil fuel, including biodiesel is 20%
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% of total production,
Gwh
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
Projected Total Energy Mix of Indonesia incl. IPP
LNG
Gas
Oil
Coal
Geothermal
Hydro
50
Import Biomass Solar/Hybrid Coal
Target energy mix Pembangk
itan Tenaga Listrik
Source: RUPTL PLN 2012-2021
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
There is an effort to make electricity become more efficient, i.e. by diversifying primary
energy in electricity generation (supply side), by optimizing the utilization of gas,
increasing the utilization of coal (including at the mine portal) and developing generator
from renewable energy.
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NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
Additional Need of Generator Capacity
Additional Need of Capacity 2013-2022: FTP-1 : 5,4 GW
FTP-2 : 17,7 GW
Regular : 36,8 GW 52
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
ELECTRIC SECTOR
2012 2025 2050
Capacity (GW) 34,5 115 430
Investment 1 G equiv to 20 B U$ = 160 B U$ = 600 BU$
Technology/R&D
HR 47,976 (staff of PT PLN 120,000 persons 600,000
2012).
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OIL
GAS
COAL
GEO-THERMAL
HYDRO
CENTRAL POWER PLANT
STEAM/DIESEL POWER PLANT
GAS POWER PLANT
COAL POWER PLANT
GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT
HYDRO POWER PLANT
HIGH-VOLTAGE OVERHEAD POWERLINES
(SUTT)
MEDIUM-VOLTAGE OVERHEAD POWERLINES
(SUTM)
LOW-VOLTAGE OVERHEAD POWERLINES
(SUTR)
INDUSTRY
HOUSEHOLD PUBLIC
COMMERCE
TRANSMISSION SUBSTATION (GI)
DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATION
(GH) POWER GENERATOR SYSTEM TRANSMISSION GRID DISTRIBUTION GRID
General Obstacles in
Developing
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
Electricity Generation Supply Infrastructures
Limited funding capacity, whether APLN or APBN.
Land procurement/ownership issues, whether for Generator or distribution system (RoW).
Duration of the permit/recommendation processes from relevant
institutions, e.g. the Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Transportation,
Ministry of Forestry and Regional Government.
Overlapping of geothermal development areas with natural preserve
and/or national park areas.
Management and technical problems with the Contractor.
Uncertainty of IPP developer’s funding.
Tendency of lenders to request Government guarantee for the funding
of IPP projects.
54
N Energy NASIONAL
improving 2. Percepatan pembangunan
Fungsi Migas dan mendorong penyelesaian
dalam negeri. Percepat akses
Dan RUED sebagai 3. masyarakat
Sekjen DEN, Implementasi listrik and Gas)
(Tugas ke 4 secara bertahap (listrik dan
Strategic Transition Steps towards Energy Security and Independence
1. Regulating gas and coal export, reorienting for domestic needs
2. Accelerating oil and gas development, encouraging domestic development.
3. Accelerating community ac-cess to energy infrastructure and utilization of energy technology (esp. electricity and gas).
4. Gradual reduction of subsidies (electricity and oil fuel), using the funds for accelerating infrastructures.
Accelerating RUEN and
completing RUED as basis
for implementing
KEN
Improving the effectiveness of the monitoring function of the
Secretary General of DEN
and the coordination between DEN
and DPR (4th Duty of
DEN)
NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD
Thank You www.den.go.id
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