New Movements in the Visual Arts

8/12/2019 New Movements in the Visual Arts

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New movements in the Visual Arts


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Manet douard Manet (1832-1883)

One of the first 19th-centuryartists to approach modern andpostmodern-life subjects; apivotal figure in the transitionfrom Realism to Impressionism


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Le djeuner sur l'herbe(The Luncheon on the Grass)1863

A Bar at the Folies-Bergere


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Impressionism is a 19th-century Art movement that originated with a

group of Paris-based artists.

Impressionist painting characteristics:

Relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokesOpen composition, emphasis on accurate depictionof light in its changing qualitiesOrdinary subject matter

Inclusion of movementas a crucial element ofhuman perception and experienceUnusual visual angles.


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Monet Claude Monet 1840-1926

was a founder of Frenchimpressionist painting, and the

most consistent and prolificpractitioner of the movement'sphilosophy of expressing one'sperceptions before nature

Monet retained a total fidelity tovisual perception


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Impression, Sunrise(Impression, soleil levant)

some of whoderisivelyborrowed itstitle and

nicknamed thewhole groupImpressionists.


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Water Lilies of 1920-1921

Monets lily pond as an abstract symphony of glowing colors

and reflecting lights.


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Renoir

Pierre Auguste Renoir (1841-1919)

shared Monets interest inreproducing the effects of light in

patches of color, but he brought tohis subjects a human interest thatderived from his own joy in life.

His most enduring love was forwomen as symbols of life; in hispaintings, they radiate an immensewarmth and charm.


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Le Moulin de la Galette 1876 a popular Parisianrestaurant and dance hall,captures the spirit of thecrowd by means of the

same fragmentary patchesof color Manet used in thebackground ofA Bar at theFolies-Bergere, but Renoir

adds his own sense ofhappy activity.

Two Girls at the Piano(Jeunes filles au piano) 1892


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Degas

Edgar Hilaire GermainDegas (1834-1917)

shared Renoirs interest

in people, but unlikeRenoir (whoemphasized thepositive side of life) he

simply reported whathe saw, stressingneither the good northe bad.


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The Rehearsal

Degass point of view is

emphasized by the unusualvantage point from which the

stage is shown: close to and froma position high up on the side.

The Tub 1886

women caught unaware

in simple, natural poses. with its unusual angle of

vision, these were

sometimes called

key-hole visions.


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Cassatt

American artist MaryCassatt (18441926)

settled in Europe to pursue

an artistic career. LikeDegas, Cassatt paintedspontaneous scenes fromdaily life, particularlysituations involvingmothers and children.


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Mother Combing Saras Hair - 1901

-the motherturned awayfrom us and achild who is

saved fromsentimentalityby hercompleteunawarenessof ourpresence.


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View of Paris from the Trocadero(1871-1872)

presents a panoramic view of the city. The sense of light andatmosphere is conveyed by loose, fluid brushstrokes.


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Rodin

Auguste Francois Rene Rodin(18401917)

the greatest sculptor of the

age (according to many, thegreatest since Bernini)


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Monument to Balzac

Rodin convertedtwo-dimensionalImpressionist effectsto a three-dimensional format.

his themes aregenerally massiveand dramatic rather

than drawn fromeveryday life.

The Kiss


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Post-Impressionism

As a stylistic category,post-Impressionism isone of the least helpful

or descriptive terms inart history.

movement in late-19th-century French painting

that emphasized theartists personal

response to a subject.

Postimpressionistsconveyed their personalresponses to the world

around them throughthe use of strong,unnatural colors and

exaggeration or slight

distortion of forms.


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Cezanne Paul Cezanne (1839-1906)

The greatest post-

Impressionist painter.

Cezanne believed that all

forms in nature are basedon the cone, the sphere,and the cylinder; and heshapes and balances the

forms to make themconform to this notionusing vigorous, rhythmicalbrush strokes.


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Still Life with Commode

Mont Sainte-Victoire painted of the same scene,

visible from his studiowindow.

conveys the vivid colors ofMediterranean landscape.

distorted the surface of the tableand oversimplified the shapes of

the objects to achieve a totallysatisfying composition. Abstractconsiderations, in other words,take precedence over fidelity tonature.


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Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890)

Dutch painter whoexemplified the idea ofartist as tortured genius.

His paintings are

characterized by thickbrush strokes, brilliantcolors, and jagged lines,through which Van Goghexpressed his emotional

response to his subjectsrather than providing anaccurate description ofthem.

Th St Ni ht


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The Starry Night1889

The Night Cafe

described by the artist as one of the

ugliest I have done, but the uglinesswas deliberate.

the cafe is a place where one canruin oneself, go mad, or commit acrime.

The momentum of swirling, flickering

forms in The Starry Night isintoxicating

van Goghs vision of the world was

profoundly pessimistic.


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Portrait of Dr. Gachet

The physician whotreated him in hislast illness.

He had painted thedoctor, he said,with theheartbrokenexpression of ourtimes.


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Fauvism

A relatively short-livedmovement in Frenchpainting (from about

1898 to about 1908)that revolutionized theconcept of color inmodern art.

developed in France

The origin of the termfauvism reveals much ofits character.

Les fauves, literally thewild beasts, was

originally a pejorativelabel applied to the

group at their firstexhibition in 1905


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Henri Matisse (1869-1954)

French artist, leader ofthe fauve groupregarded as one of the

great formative figuresin 20th-century art, amaster of the use ofcolor and form to

convey emotionalexpression.

h f if


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The Joy of Life

The Red Studio

every form is clearly recognizablebut touched by the paintersunique vision.

look through his eyes and seefamiliar objects suddenly take onnew, vibrant life.


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Expressionism

in the visual, literary,and performing arts, amovement or tendency

that strives to expresssubjective feelings andemotions rather than todepict reality or nature

objectively. Developed in Germany

In northern Europeparticularly, increasingsocial and political

tensions inspired agroup of artistsgenerally known asExpressionists--


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Edvard Munch (1863-1944)

Norwegian artist,whose brooding,anguished paintings and

graphic works, based onpersonal grief andobsessions.


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The Scream

1893

The Scream, withits sinuous forms,violent colors, andscreamingsubject, is the

most famous ofhis paintings.

A t i G di (1852 1926)


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Antonio Gaudi (1852-1926) Catalan architect, one of the most

creative practitioners of his art inmodern times.

His style is a blend of neo-Gothicand art nouveau, also hassurrealist and cubist elements.

His Casa Mila, an apartmenthouse in Barcelona, like TheScream, uses restless, wavinglines that seem to undulate.


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The Expressionist

The German Expressionists, manyof them grouped in schools

with such names as Die Brcke(The Bridge) and

Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue

Rider), were relativelyuntouched by the intellectual andtechnical explorations of theircontemporaries elsewhere.

They were fascinated bythe power of color to

express mood, ideas,

and emotion. Theywanted their art toaffect not only the eyebut also the viewers

inner sense.

P t t


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Pentecost -

more disturbingthan inspiring.

Even in a religious

context,Expressionist arttouches chords ofalarm, andhysteria,unhappilyappropriate to thetimes.

Emil Nolde

New Movements in the Visual Arts

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