B I R D I N G • N O V E M B E R / D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 330

This is the 24th published report of the ABA

Checklist Committee (hereafter, CLC), cover-

ing committee deliberations between August

2012 and October 2013. Since our previous report

(Dunn et al. 2012), Kevin Zimmer has cycled off the

committee after serving for eight years, and Bill

Pranty has returned to the committee as chair. Dur-

ing fall 2013, three members were up for reelection.

Dan Gibson and Ron Pittaway were reelected, while

Marshall Iliff, who did not seek reelection, was re-

placed by Jessie Barry. In late 2014, the terms of Jon

Dunn and Mark Lockwood will expire.

During the period covered by this report, the CLCvoted on and accepted one motion and five species.Four of the species are added to the ABA Checklistbased on new distributional records, while anotherreplaces a species-pair already present. Two otherspecies were added to the Checklist from taxonomicsplits accepted by the American Ornithologists’Union’s Committee on Classification and Nomencla-ture–North and Middle America (AOU NACC); suchchanges are automatically accepted by the ABA CLC.One of these “split” species replaced a species-pair,while the other replaced a species already on theChecklist, effectively removing it. The number ofspecies on the ABA Checklist is increased to 981. Note:For species not on the AOU North American Check-list, we use two world lists as guides for taxonomyand nomenclature: the Howard and Moore Checklist(Dickinson 2003, Dickinson and Remsen 2013) andthe Clements Checklist (Clements et al. 2013).

New Motion Accepted––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––The CLC had previously rejected a proposed changeto the CLC bylaws (Pranty et al. 2011). The bylawsallow “one or more” members to request that the CLC

A B A . O R G / B I R D I N G 31

review a record that was rejected by a localbird records committee. The 2011 pro-posal, to increase the number of membersfrom “one or more” to “five,” did not pass.In 2013, this proposal was revised to statethat four members be required to requestsuch a review. This proposal also failed. Fi-nally, a proposal to require two CLCmembers to request a reviewpassed unanimously. During its40-year history, the ABA CLChas never reviewed a record thatwas rejected by a local recordscommittee, but the topic hasbeen under recent discussion.Should such an action take place,the CLC will act with deference andonly when the evidence to review a recordis strong.

New Species Accepted––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Hawaiian Petrel (Pterodroma sand-wichensis)—ABA CLC Record #2013-01.In 2002, the AOU NACC split the Dark-rumped Petrel (P. phaeopygia) into the Gala-pagos Petrel (P. phaeopygia) and theHawaiian Petrel based on differences inmorphology and vocalizations (Banks et al.2002). Because there were no specimensfrom the ABA Area, and because identifica-tion criteria to separate the two species atsea had not yet been estab-lished, the ABA changed thelisting of Dark-rumped Pe-trel to “Galapagos/HawaiianPetrel.” Subsequently, Forceet al. (2007) and Pyle et al.(2011b) developed identifi-cation criteria to separatethe two species based onphotographs. Through June2013, 22 records of theDark-rumped Petrel com-plex have been accepted bythe California Bird RecordsCommittee (CBRC) as rep-resenting Hawaiian Petrels(Pyle et al. 2011a, CBRC

2013), and there are additional recordsfrom British Columbia, Washington, Ore-gon, and Arizona (Pranty and Floyd 2013).Additionally, Adams and Flora (2010)tracked the movements of a Hawaiian Pe-trel fitted with a satellite transmitter to andfrom its nesting burrow at Maui, Hawaii,

over 19 days in August 2009. The birdtraveled in a large loop in the east-

ern Pacific Ocean that placed itwithin 215 nm (400 km) ofland from Alaska to California.

The ABA CLC voted 8–0 toaccept birds of the Dark-

rumped Petrel complex docu-mented in waters off the Pacific

Coast to represent Hawaiian Petrels, aspecies that now appears to be annual inthe region. There is no firm evidence todate that Galapagos Petrels might visit wa-ters within the ABA Area (see Pyle et al.2011b). However, Pitman (1986) mapsGalapagos Petrel as being off Baja CaliforniaSur, and Erickson et al. (2013) discuss thepossibility that the lone Baja Peninsularecord of the complex may pertain to Gala-pagos Petrel. The Hawaiian Petrel is an en-dangered species that is endemic as abreeder to the Hawaiian Islands. It rangesat sea in the north-central and northeast-ern Pacific Ocean.

Hawaiian Petrel is placed on the ABAChecklist as a Code 3 spe-cies. It replaces the listingof Galapagos/Hawaiian Pe-trel (listed as a Code 4taxon). Note: With CLCacceptance of Fea’s Petrelin 2012 and Hawaiian Pe-trel in 2013, no species-pair listing remains on theABA Checklist.

Purple Swamphen (Por-phyrio porphyrio)—ABACLC Record #2012-07.This species has beenadded to the ABA Checkliston the basis of an exotic

Bill PrantyBayonet Point, Florida

billpranty@hotmail.com

Jon L. DunnBishop, California

cerwa@earthlink.net

Kimball L. GarrettLos Angeles, California

kgarrett@nhm.org

Daniel D. GibsonEster, Alaska

avesalaska@gmail.com

Marshall J. IliffWest Roxbury, Massachusetts

miliff@aol.com

Mark W. LockwoodAlpine, Texas

mark.lockwood@tpwd.texas.gov

Ron PittawayToronto, Ontario

jeaniron@sympatico.ca

David A. SibleyConcord, Massachusetts

sibleyguides@gmail.com

CHANGES IN BRIEF––––––––––––––––––––––Species Added Basedon Distributional Records� Hawaiian Petrel (replaces

“Galapagos/Hawaiian Petrel”)

� Purple Swamphen

� Common Moorhen

� Common Chiffchaff

� Nutmeg Mannikin

––––––––––––––––––––––Taxonomic Changes� Barolo Shearwater (formerly

a subspecies of Little Shearwater,deleted from ABA Checklist )

� Sagebrush Sparrow and Bell’sSparrow (formerly Sage Sparrow,deleted from ABA Checklist )

Go online for members-only additional content regardingrecent changes to the ABA Checklist: aba.org/birding

At least eight criteria must be met before an ex-otic species can be ratified by the ABA ChecklistCommittee as established. One of these criteria

is maintaining or increasing the size of the popu-lation via breeding outside of captivity. The num-ber of Purple Swamphens in southern Florida isprobably growing quickly, but few nests have

been found due to largely inaccessible habitats.These five eggs represent the first swamphen

clutch found in North America. Pembroke Pines,Florida; 25 July 1999. Photo by © Bill Pranty.

A B A C H E C K L I S T R E P O R T

population established in southern Florida from captive indi-viduals that were allowed to roam freely (Pranty et al. 2000;Pranty 2012, 2013; Greenlaw 2013). The non-captiveswamphens were discovered at Pembroke Pines, BrowardCounty, around December 1996, four years after the first cap-tives were purchased. The non-captive popu-lation had increased to at least 135 individualsby February 1999 and had begun to expandinto native wetlands in the Everglades–LakeOkeechobee watershed (Pranty et al. 2000;Pranty 2012, 2013). Swamphens have beenreported from nearly 30 sites in Florida, withseveral of these more than 200 km (124 mi.)from Pembroke Pines (Pranty 2012). A state-

sponsored eradication program resulted in the shooting of3,187 swamphens between October 2006 and December2008, before the program was deemed a failure and discon-tinued (Hardin et al. 2011). The number of swamphens thatsurvived the eradication program is not known, but is pre-sumed to be in the many hundreds of individuals at least.

Termination of the eradication program and populationpersistence for 15 years, among other criteria, allowed theFlorida Ornithological Society Records Committee to vote 7–0 in 2012 to accept the Purple Swamphen as an establishedspecies (Greenlaw 2013). The CLC voted 7–1 to add thespecies to the ABA Checklist; the dissenting voter was con-cerned that the population was not large enough to ensureestablishment.

The Purple Swamphen is a polytypic species that is wide-spread from southwestern Europe and Africa through In-dochina and Australasia to the Samoa and the Kermadecislands. Sangster (1998) and Gill and Donsker (2013) havesplit out as a separate species the African Swamphen (P. mada-gascariensis) of Africa and Madagascar, while Clements et al.(2012) and Dickinson and Remsen (2013) continue to rec-ognize a single swamphen species. The AOU NACC has yetto vote on the Florida population. Three swamphen speci-

32

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The Dark-rumped Petrel was split into two species—GalapagosPetrel and Hawaiian Petrel—by the American Ornithologists’ Unionin 2002. Criteria to identify the two species at sea had not beendeveloped, so the ABA Checklist Committee used the term “Gala-pagos/Hawaiian Petrel.” By 2011, it was clear that the HawaiianPetrel occurs annually in waters off the Pacific coast of the ABAArea. Monterey Bay, California; August 2013. Photo by ©David Pavlik.

B I R D I N G • N O V E M B E R / D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 3

Conclusive identification ofthis Phylloscopus requiredclose examination of its outerprimaries: Note that four of thefeathers are emarginated, akey point of distinction be-tween the Common Chiff-chaff and Willow Warbler.Such a close view—and asharp focus on a small bird fly-ing directly away—probablywas not possible even 10 yearsago. Such is the extent thatdigital photography has revo-lutionized field ornithology(see Pranty and Floyd 2013).Gambell, Alaska; June 2012.Photo by © Peter Schoenberger.

mens from Florida cata-logued in collections (GlenE. Woolfenden #6016, Uni-versity of Central Florida#2387, and University ofFlorida #40766) representthe subspecies poliocephalus(Kratter et al. 2002; Pranty2012, 2013), and an as-yet-unpublished genetic studyalso confirms the identity ofthe Florida birds as polio-cephalus (see Pranty 2013).Sangster (1998) considerspoliocephalus, which is nativefrom the Caspian Sea andIraq to Indochina and Suma-tra, to represent a separatespecies, which he calls theGray-headed Swamphen.The swamphens in Floridaappear to represent the first exotic population of PurpleSwamphens established anywhere in the world.

Three other records of swamphens from the ABA Area areknown. First, a poliocephalus collected at Hampton, NewHampshire, 29 August 1936 (Museum of Comparative Zool-ogy #171892) has traditionally been treated as an escapee (J.R. Trimble, personal communication). Second, a poliocephalusphotographed at Wilmington, Delaware, in De-cember 1990 was considered of uncertainprovenance (Boyle et al. 1991) and may havebeen associated with a military vessel returningfrom the Gulf War (Pranty 2013). Third, anadult swamphen photographed at Glennville,Georgia, 21 November 2009 appears to repre-sent a taxon other than poliocephalus—possiblymadagascariensis (Pranty 2013). Additionally, anapparent madagascariensis swamphen pho-tographed at Bermuda in October 2009 (seePranty 2013) may have represented a natural orship-assisted vagrant.

The Purple Swamphen is placed on the ABAChecklist as a Code 2 species. Following Dickin-son and Remsen (2013), we provisionally placeit first in the genus Porphyrio, pending accept-ance and placement by the AOU NACC.

Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus)—ABA CLC Record #2013-02. In 2011, the AOUNACC (Chesser et al. 2011) split the Common

Moorhen (G. chloropus) intothe Common Gallinule (G.galeata) of the New Worldand the Common Moorhenof the Old World, based ondifferences in mitochondrialDNA, vocalizations, and billand shield morphology (Con-stantine and The Sound Ap-proach 2006, Groenenberg etal. 2008). This split resultedin the replacement on theABA Checklist of CommonMoorhen with CommonGallinule. On 12 October2010, a juvenile Gallinula wasdiscovered at Shemya Island,Aleutian Islands, Alaska, byMichael Schwitters. The birdwas relocated two days later,when Schwitters pho-

tographed and then collected it (a male; University of AlaskaMuseum #27369; Withrow and Schwitters 2012).

Because measurement data of Common Gallinules andCommon Moorhens overlap, and because the ShemyaGallinula was a juvenile that had not yet fully developed itsbill and frontal shield, identification required genetic testing.A parsimony analysis of 416 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA

revealed that the Shemyabird clustered with theDNA of known CommonMoorhens rather than withDNA of known Common

A B A . O R G / B I R D I N G

For the first time in its 40-year history, the ABA Checklist Committeeadded a species to the ABA Area based on its genetic makeup; nei-ther plumage nor measurements would have been definitive foridentification. This electropherogram confirms that the DNA of a ju-venile Gallinula found in Alaska matches the DNA of known Com-mon Moorhens from Eurasia. Figure by © Jack W. Withrow.

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A B A C H E C K L I S T R E P O R T

Gallinules (Withrow andSchwitters 2012). Further-more, geographic probabil-ity in the western AleutianIslands strongly favored theoccurrence of a CommonMoorhen. The record wasaccepted 6–0 by the AlaskaChecklist Committee (Gib-son et al. 2013) and 8–0 bythe CLC.

The Common Moorhenis a widespread breeder in the Old World, occurring from Eu-rope and northern Africa through southeastern Asia to thePhilippine and Palau islands. Northern populations winter inthe southern part of the range. The species is placed on theABA Checklist as a Code 5 species. Following Chesser et al.(2013), we place it after Common Gallinule.

Common Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita)—ABA CLCRecord #2013-03. One was discovered at Gambell, St.Lawrence Island, Alaska, by Kevin Zimmer, who had briefviews, and later refound by Paul Lehman, and then pho-tographed by Zimmer and others, 6 June 2012. The chiffchaffremained into early morning the following day (Lehman and

Zimmer 2013). Although the identificationinitially was uncertain—with many consid-ering the bird to be a Willow Warbler—theshort primary projection and the dark legsand feet suggested the bird might be a

Common Chiffchaff. A detailed analysis of the photographs byPeter Kennerly and others confirmed the identification as aCommon Chiffchaff by the presence of four emarginated pri-maries; Willow Warbler has three emarginated primaries (seeLehman and Zimmer 2013). The record was accepted 6–0 bythe Alaska Checklist Committee (Gibson et al. 2013) and 8–0by the CLC. Identification as the subspecies tristis (“SiberianChiffchaff”), based on geography and strongly suggested bythe dull plumage and rather strong supercilium (Lehman andZimmer 2013), was not addressed by either committee. Anearlier photographic record of a Phylloscopus, possibly thisspecies (see Lehman and Zimmer 2013), at St. Lawrence Is-land, 30 September 2011, was rejected by the Alaska Check-list Committee (Gibson 2013).

The Common Chiffchaff occurs through much of Eurasia.Most populations are migratory, wintering south to north-ern Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent.The easternmost subspecies tristis breeds in Russia from theYenisei River eastward to about Lake Baikal, then northeastto the upper reaches of the Kolyma River. It winters in theIndian subcontinent south to central India (Vaurie 1959),and is an annual vagrant to northwestern Europe (Mullarneyet al. 1999).

The species is placed on the ABA Checklist as a Code 5species. Following Dickinson (2003), we provisionally place itafter Willow Warbler, pending naming and placement by theAOU NACC.

Nutmeg Mannikin (Lonchura punctulata)—ABA CLC Record#2013-05. The species has been added to the ABA Checkliston the basis of an exotic population established in southernCalifornia <californiabirds.org/ca_list.asp>. In the absence ofa peer-reviewed publication providing natural history infor-mation about this species in California, the Introduced BirdsSubcommittee of the CBRC analyzed evidence (Garrett et al.2013) needed for a review by the CBRC and then the ABA CLC

B I R D I N G • N O V E M B E R / D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 334

The AOU in 2013 split out Barolo Shearwater from Little Shearwater;such taxonomic decisions are automatically accepted by the ABAChecklist Committee. Because this is the species that occurs in theABA Area, Little Shearwater is replaced on the ABA ChecklistwithBarolo Shearwater. Off Nova Scotia; July 2013. Photo by © Tom Johnson.

Members-only additional information about BaroloShearwaters in the ABA Area is available online:aba.org/birding

�� Of the 981 species on the ABA Checklist, only 21represent exotics—and four of these have beenadded in the past two years. One of the recentadditions is Nutmeg Mannikin (a.k.a. Scaly-breasted Munia) from southern California. Thisjuvenile is beginning its molt into adult plumage;note the single “scaly” feather on the side of thebreast. Orange County, California; November 1999.Photo by © Kimball L. Garrett.

The AOU in 2013 split the Sage Sparrowinto Sagebrush Sparrow and Bell’s Spar-row. Species limits in the Sage Sparrowcomplex remain murky. It is possible thatthe taxon canescens (shown here), cur-rently considered a subspecies of Bell’sSparrow,may be elevated to full-speciesstatus with additional field and geneticswork. Kern County, California; January2004. Photo by © Robert Royse.

Members-only additionalinformation about the SageSparrow split is availableonline: aba.org/birding

(see also Pranty and Garrett2011). Nutmeg Mannikinshave been present in Califor-nia since at least 1988 andwere considered common inLos Angeles and Orangecounties by 1997–1999,when the population wasstudied by Smithson (2000).The mannikin population ismost numerous in Los Ange-les and Orange counties, butextends more sparingly northto San Luis Obispo Countyand south to extreme north-western Baja California, Mex-ico (Erickson et al. 2013,Garrett et al. 2013). The over-all size of the population isnot known, but a summing ofthe highest eBird counts foreach geographical cluster ofreports during August–No-vember 2011 totaled 1,399individuals (Garrett et al.2013). Christmas Bird Count data show an overall upwardtrend in the number of mannikins recorded per party-hour onCalifornia CBCs since about 2003 (Garrett et al. 2013). TheCBRC voted 9–0 to accept the Nutmeg Mannikin as an estab-lished species (G. McCaskie, personal communication). TheCLC voted 8–0 to add the species to the ABA Checklist.

The Nutmeg Mannikin is a polytypic species (with 13 sub-species recognized) that is widespread from northeastern Pak-istan through the Indian subcontinent and Indochina tosoutheastern China, Indonesia, and the Philippines (Restall1997). Because it is popular as a cagebird, exotic populationsare known from many regions, including Australia, Japan, theWest Indies (e.g., Cuba, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico), Hawaii,

California, and from Texas to north-western Florida (Restall 1997, Lever2005, Pranty and Garrett 2100,Pranty and Floyd 2013). Exotic pop-ulations found in the Old World ap-pear to primarily represent thesubspecies topela (Restall 1997, Lever2005), which is native from south-eastern Burma to Hainan, China. Themannikins in Hawaii are also topela

(P. Pyle, personal communication). However, mannikins foundin California and Florida refer to the nominate subspecies(Pranty and Garrett 2011, Garrett et al. 2013), which is nativeto the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka.

The species is placed on the ABA Checklist as a Code 2species. Following the AOU NACC, which recognizes thepopulation established at Hawaii, we place it last on theChecklist, following House Sparrow. Note: Throughout muchof its native range, Lonchura punctulata is known as the Scaly-breasted Munia, which is the English name also chosen byRestall (1997), Dickinson (2003), and Gill and Donsker(2013). However, Clements et al. (2013) defer to the AOUNACC and use Nutmeg Mannikin. A proposal to the AOUNACC to change the English name to Scaly-breasted Muniamay be forthcoming.

Votes in Progress–––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––None.

Votes Anticipated/Possible–––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––One or more single Hooded Cranes (Grus monacha)—per-haps the same wandering individual—were observed over a21-month period in Idaho (April 2010), Nebraska (April

A B A . O R G / B I R D I N G 35

Incoming ABA CLC member Jessie Barryis based in Ithaca, New York, where sheworks at the Cornell Lab of Ornithologyas project leader for Merlin, a bird ID app

aimed at helping beginners identifybirds. Previously, she studied molt-mi-gration in western passerines. Barry

started birding at age 10 and benefitedfrom many of ABA’s young birder activi-ties. She and her husband, Chris Wood,

are currently working on a guide to spar-rows of North America.

A B A C H E C K L I S T R E P O R T

2011), Tennessee (December 2011–January 2012), and Indi-ana (February 2012). Records committees in Indiana and Ten-nessee have accepted the records in those states as havingrepresented natural vagrants; the Nebraska committee has yetto reach consensus; and the Idaho committee is still gatheringinformation. The CLC is obtaining the relevant information toreview the records; it will probably wait until the Idaho andNebraska committees have reached consensus before voting.A recommendation by Greenlaw et al. (2013) to remove Eu-ropean Turtle-Dove from the Florida list because of uncer-tain provenance may result in the CLC’s reconsideration of thestatus of the species on the ABA Checklist. A possible BahamaWarbler (Setophaga flavescens) photographed in Palm BeachCounty, Florida, 12 July 2012, but not “discovered” in thephotographer’s collection until a year later is under investiga-tion by the Florida Ornithological Society Records Commit-tee (J. S. Greenlaw, personal communication). The CLC willconsider the recent record of Rufous-necked Wood-Rail(Aramides axillaris) from Bosque del Apache National WildlifeRefuge, 7–19 July 2013, if it passes review by the New Mex-ico Bird Records Committee. A Pterodroma petrel pho-tographed off Hatteras, North Carolina, 16 September 1995,and treated by Howell (2012), Flood and Fisher (2013) andHadoram Shirihai and Killian Mullarney (personal communi-cations) as the ABA Area’s first Zino’s Petrel (P. madeira), wasrejected by the North Carolina Bird Records Committee (Toveet al. 2013). The CLC will likely review this record in the nearfuture (see New Motion Accepted, p. 28). Finally, the CLC willevaluate a record of a very recent Common Redstart (Phoeni-curus phoenicurus) from St. Paul Island, Alaska, if the recordpasses review by the Alaska Checklist Committee.

AcknowledgmentsFor assisting the CLC with this report, we thank Mark Brogie,Jon S. Greenlaw, Tom Johnson, Paul Lehman, Guy McCaskie,Killian Mullarney, Hadoram Shirihai, Michael Tove, and Jere-miah Trimble.

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