Presented by:Kuldeep Garwa

Asexual Propagation by

Layering

INTRODUCTION

Introduction to Plant Propagation Sexual Propagation Asexual Propagation

Stem, Leaf, Cuttings Layering Separation & Division Tissue Culture Budding and Grafting

WHAT IS LAYERING?

A method of asexual propagation in which roots are formed on a stem or root while it is still attached to the parent plant.

The stem or root which is rooted is called a layer.

CONTD…

In Layering method of plant propagation, roots

are produced on an aerial plant parts like

stem/branches.

Rooted layer is then detached and planted as

an independent plant.

Layering method has a high success rate and

produces large number of plants. It as an

important method of propagation in fruit crops.

METHODS OF LAYERING:

Simple or Tongue layering Compound or Serpentine layering Mound or Stool layering Air or Goottee layering Trench or continuous layering Tip Layering Herbaceous layering

SIMPLE OR TONGUE LAYERING

A growing branch of fruit trees is given a tongue

shaped upward cut and bent to the ground.

Cut portion of the branch is buried in soil,

leaving the terminal branch exposed in air.

Rooting takes place at the wounded part of

branch after which the layer is separated from

mother plant using sharp knife. e.g. Guava.

SIMPLE OR TONGUE LAYERING

SIMPLE OR TONGUE LAYERING

COMPOUND OR SERPENTINE LAYERING

Compound layering is similar to simple layering except

that the branch is alternately buried in soil / growing

media and exposed along its length.

Stem / Branch to be operated for compound layering must

be longer and flexible to be layered at different locations.

Creepers, Climbers and Vines like Grapes, Clematis,

Wisteria, etc. can be propagated by Serpentine method of

layering.

COMPOUND OR SERPENTINE LAYERING

COMPOUND OR SERPENTINE LAYERING

MOUND OR STOOL LAYERING

Plant stems are cut back at the ground level during

the dormant season and allow them to sprout new

shoots.

Circular ring of bark is removed from the tender

shoots and the wound is treated with plant growth

regulator like Indol Butyric Acid ( IBA).

Wound on shoot is buried in mound of soil. Injured

part of shoot develops roots and are separated from

mother plant. e.g. Apple

MOUND OR STOOL LAYERING

AIR OR GOOTTEE LAYERING

• Air layering is method of root formation on aerial plant parts / shoots.

• Circular bark on branch is removed and rooting medium like sphagnum moss is tied on branch.

• Roots initiate on the upper side of the wound where Sphagnum moss supply moisture till root initiation. e.g. Pomegranate

AIR OR GOOTTEE LAYERING

AIR OR GOOTTEE LAYERING

TRENCH OR CONTINUOUS LAYERING

Selected branch of plant is bent in a

shallow trench in horizontal position and

shoots are covered in soil for rooting.

Rooted layers are separated from mother

plants and planted in a nursery.

Trench layering is successful in woody fruit

crop species like Apple, Pear, Cherry etc.

TRENCH OR CONTINUOUS LAYERING

TIP LAYERING

• In tip layering, rooting takes place near the tip of current

season growth. Shoot tips are buried 2 to 5 cm deep in

soil.

• These shoot tips grow upward to produce a bend in the

stem and roots initiate at the curve of stem.

• Rooted tips are separated from the mother plant and

maintain in nursery or planted in field. e.g. Blackberries,

Raspberries.

TIP LAYERING

HERBACEOUS LAYERING

In herbaceous layering, very young shoots of plants are used for producing new plants.

In this layering first of all sandy compost is placed around the plant to be layered.

Young shoots are selected and their lower leaves are removed.

Now a slit near the base about halfway through the stem and in an upward direction is made.

The stem is then bent so as to open the slit and at this point is pegged down firmly into the soil and covered with an inch or so with compost.

The layer will root by autumn and then be severed and potted or planted in the nursery.

Ex. Carnation.

NATURAL FORMS OF LAYERING Sometimes layering occurs naturally, without

the assistance of a propagator. Runners and offsets are specialized plant

structures that facilitate propagation by layering.

A runner produces new shoots where it touches the growing medium. Plants that produce stolons or runners are propagated by severing the new plants from their parent stems. Plantlets at the tips of runners may be rooted while still attached to the parent or detached and placed in a rooting medium.

Examples- strawberry and spider plant.

NATURAL FORMS OF LAYERING

PHYSIOLOGY OF LAYERING

The physical attachment of the stem to the plant during rooting allows for a continual supply of water, minerals, carbohydrates, and hormones through the intact xylem and phloem to the rooting area.

Accumulation of photosynthates and hormones in the rooting area is an important factor in the rooting is an important factor in the success of root initiation observed during layering. This can be promoted by girdling, incision, or bending of the stem.

CONTD… Light exclusion in the rooting zone is another

aspect of the success with hard to root clones. The greatest stimulus to root induction during

layering occurs when the growing shoots are progressively covered by the rooting medium as they develop to produce etiolation.

Root initiation and development on stems during layering is associated with seasonal patterns. In most cases, layering is started in the spring with the dormant hardwood shoots.

ADVANTAGES OF LAYERING

Easy to perform and does not require much facility.

Effective means of propagating species that usually do not root easily by cutting.

It does not require precise control on water, relative humidity or temp. as require for other methods.

It is possible to produce large sized plant with layering in short time.

Layering is useful for producing relatively smaller no. of plants of good size with minimum propagation facilities.

DISADVANTAGES OF LAYERING

It is not possible to produce large no. of plants with in short time.

It is costlier techniques in areas where labour availability is a problem.

The plants produced through layering usually have brittle roots.

The beneficial effect of root stock on the cultivar can’t be exploited.

The mortality rate is usually high in layers.eg- air layering.

FACTOR’S AFFECTS LAYERING

1. Nutrition2. Stem treatment3. Etiolation treatment4. Physiological condition of mother plant5. Rejuvenation of the stock plant6. Treatment with growth regulators7. The environmental conditions

HAVE FUN AND ENJOY YOUR NEW PLANTS!