New Look Street Lighting

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Lecture for BESCOM Oct 8, 2009 11

Street

LightingCan we take a newlook to serve theconsumer better?


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Contents

Street Lighting -----

Development over the years

Influence of Dark Sky requirements Influence of Energy & Environment

Perceived needs of different users

Motorists & Pedestrians Integrated Approach

Influence of Computers & Communication.


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Historical View

Oil flameKerosene Lamp; Wick

, Mantle

Incandescent Lamp

Decorative poles Five LightsUnique featureConstant Current

Series circuit for street lighting

Fluorescent tubes

Mercury Vapor lamps; Sodium vapor

Halogen; Metal Halide

High Mast lighting


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What we need from Lighting

Visibility of the groundVisibility of objects For vehicles Objects in his path

SecurityNo dark spaces forconcealment

Glare free for pedestrian & for

motorist.View of Architectural featuresSign boards for information

Social Interaction environment


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What do we EXPECT in

Street Lighting? Engineering Design View: Luminance Level, Uniformity

Glare limitation

Lamp Spectra, Color index Visual guidance

Need & demand for Energy Efficiency

Ease of maintenance

Total cost of ownership

Related Changes in Street Light Systems

Higher wattage & lumen output

Increased spacing, taller poles, high mast


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What do we EXPECT FROM

Street Lighting? Good lighting promotes a feeling of security andwell-being;

Bad lighting kills people, places and jobs. Safety and comfort is usually provided by street

lighting. Identification of all movement and visibility ofobstruction both static & moving.

City beautification can apply to different parts of thecity, such as gardens, buildings, bridges and

heritage sites. Examples of city beautification are the use of

colored street lighting, filters, colored lamps,building illumination, image projection and dynamiclighting.


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Criticism of Street Lighting

Common issues for criticism.

Energy wastage.

Light pollution.

Dark patches in between.

Safety, durability and danger of vandalism.

High initial cost.

Conflict with architectural elements in thesurroundings.

For whom are we providing the street light?

For whom are

we providingthe street

light?


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Street Lighting ---- For whom?

Energy considerations have brought anumber of questions?

Motorist carries the light with him

(headlights). Do we provide for him?

Do we provide lighting for the pedestrian?

Do we light the pedestrian as an object of

conflict for the motorist?

Accident data---Conflicting & Confusing. Lighting the intersections & pedestrian

crossings is more effective for reduction of

accidents and requires 45% less energy!!!.


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Light the intersections &

pedestrian crossings Light the foot-path.

For the motorist provide a chain of edge markers and dividermarkers.

Short poles and low intensity sources (LED fits in). Integrate lights with the road edge or the compound wall; This

could reduce the requirement of poles.

In business areas integrate the shop lighting spillage or the lightfrom the sign board to light the pedestrian area.

Shopkeepers welcome the idea. They have done improvements topavement in front of their shop to gain customer goodwill.

ECBC restricts energy use. Relax this to the extent of light used forpedestrian area.

Low maintenance. With good integration the maintenance expenditure from publicfunds will come down.

Establish regulatory controls for merging the designs. Requires integrated design approach.


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Trees, Architectural features of

buildings I designed & saw them after 10 years.

Design for 3 different places according tothe design standards.

Result (1)Good, (2)Worst, (3)Bad.

(1)Ranchi, (2)Dimapur, (3)Barwaha

Architectural features. Lighting should match & merge with

features of natural features, trees andcreated permanent objects.

Integrated design drawings rarely made &never for street lighting.

First case: Connaught Place, New Delhi.


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Different Professional GroupsORIENTATION

ServicesDesigners

Architects

Fire Engineers Developers

Owners-Promoters

Facility Managers

Maintenance

Insurance

USERS

Energy conservation

Safety & Security

Promote human activity

STANDARDS & CODES CIE & BIS guidelines

ECBC 2006 & NBC 2005

Local regulations / practices

Fire Protection rules

Electrical Safety


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BIS, BEE, IE

Participate in code drafting

committee of BIS & BEE.

NBC information

dissemination seminars

Energy Star rating (BEE)

Fire Protection Code


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Design Lighting for people! Lighting pole as an object of interest.

Ornamental cast iron poles with opal glassshades.

Direction guidance, Information display Lighting to accentuate certain locations duringthe night. Light master plan as a strategy for the night. Tourism, Light objects that help orientation. Design for the new visitor to the city in mind.

Knowledge --- effects of higher system faultlevels.


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PedestriansOnly

Either there

should be

ornamental

poles with

decorative &functional

lights or

general

lighting


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Accidents & Lighting


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Sky & Street Lighting


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Signs and markers


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Markers for edge & divider


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Vehicle, headlight & on coming

vehicle - glare


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Standard

Design

elements

for street

lighting.


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Parking area lighting with LED

compared with HPSV


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Markers for edge & divider


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Markers - prismatic


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Lighting Code For Delhi

A new code for street lighting in Delhi hasbeen issued

Uniformity & Integration

Based on CIE Recommendations

Energy Star rating (BEE)

Covers uniformity inprocurement process andperformace evaluation


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Street Lighting Standards Modernization of Delhi Street Lighting System-An

Integrated Approach is a build up to theCommonwealth Games 2010..

The image that Delhi Projects to its citizens and to theexternal world, is very important for the overall

economic growth of India. Lighting is the most visible form, which forms the prime

background of a City Image at night. Integration with the City Master Plan &

Integration of work done by different agencies. Dark roads deter people and well-lit surroundings

attract people. At the same time, city lighting if notplanned well can create anarchy in visual environment(both in day and night) and lead to energy waste.


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Street Lighting Standards Uniformity of design --- NDMC, DMC, DDA, AAI, Etc., Based on CIE No.140-2000 for calculations Emphasis lighting for pedestrian area interface with

vehicle area. Intersections, Bus stops Dark roads deter people and well-lit surroundings

attract people. At the same time, city lighting if notplanned well can create anarchy in visual environment(both in day and night) and lead to energy waste.


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Assistance from Fire

Authorities

Get Fire Authorities to appreciate

benefits from the angle of fire.Make busbar system mandatory for

large buildings.

Make busbar system mandatory fortechnical buildings.


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Asset Developers & Owners

Enhanced quality of building.

Highly reliable power distribution.

Property value enhancement more

than the additional investment.

Maintenance-Free.

Creation of more saleable space atground level or first basement, which

carries high sale or rental value.


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Electricity Boards or

Distribution Companies Energy meter at Ground level. Some agencies have already agreed to allow use of

trunking and provision of energy meters at upperfloors.

Reluctance & objection from meter readers---Management of union problems would changewith privatization.

Bring case studies of bi-monthly & half-yearly

meter reading. Consumer to take meter reading & pay, withcheck metering at yearly or half-yearlyintervals.


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Are the benefit Measurable? When energy & Carbon emission considerations

were not there higher levels for street &secondary level for footpath was in order.

With E & E in prime focus, lighting for pedestrianarea should get preference and that makes it

safer for vehicles & pedestrians. Light the streets at intersections and pedestrian

crossings. Give road edge lighting like runway. Integrate footpath lighting with lighting of shops. Ease of Maintenance. Energy Efficiency-(source selection, automatic

controls) Security requirements are also answered better

with lighting both sides of the road.

Integrated design.

We have to develop asystem of evaluating

the problems &

benefits on a common

scale for comparison

to express thealternatives by a

suitable ratio.


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Review Codes, Standards, SOP

Present codes & standards were drafted whenenergy & environment were non critical.

Some cities have consciously moved towardsthis.

Collect feedback on Visibility & Safety aspects . Problems in the event of design change. Energy requirements reduce to about one-third. Maintenance would be easy and better.

Give light where people require it. Anti-people activities do not take place in the road.

Street lighting municipality; Design, Operation,Maintenance by distribution agency.Confused division of responsibilty

1. Educate & reorient keyprofessionals.

2. Educate stake holders on long term

& hidden benefits.

3. Get the standards & codes identify

public good and make mandatory

provisions instead of loose

recommendations.

4. BETTER LIGHTING WITH LESS

ENERGY & LEAST IMPACT ON

ENVIRONMENT


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Lecture for BESCOM Oct 8 2009 3737

Thank

You

New Look Street Lighting

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