NEW LISkARY ~TREET SYDNEY W - Archaeology...

ARCHIVAL REPORT ANDARCHAEO~OGICAL ASSESSMENT

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, . Prepared for the Publ'ic Works Department

August . 1983 by

A.A.R . AUSTRAUAN ARC¥lA£OLOG1CAL RESOURCES " Tel: 2124604 .. '

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ARCHIVAL REPORT AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT·'

NEW LIBRARY SITE,MACQUARIE-.eTREET

SYDNEY

W.THORP

Prepared for the Public Works Department

August 1983

by

iA.A.R·. [~l1STRALIAN ARCflAEOLOGicAI- E,PSOURCES f Te!!:~.f~~~04·.

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Acknowledgements

1.0 Preface to the Report

1.1 Location of Site

1.2 Aims

1.3 Methods

1.4 Constraints

1.5 Format of Report

1

INDEX

1.6 Abbreviations used in Text

2.0 Synopsis and Recommendations

2.1 Synopsis

2.2 Recommendations

2

3

3

3

4

4

5

6

7

3.0 Land Grants,Division into Allotments,Subsequent Ownership

3.1 Early Land Grants,Division into Allotments B

3.2 Subsequent Ownership and Occupation of Allotments

a. Allotment A

b. Allotments Bl-3

c. Allotments B4-7

d. Allotments BB-15

e. Allotmentc,C

f. Allotment'D

g. Allotment E

h. Allotment F

4.0 Structural Development of the Allotments

4.1 Allotment A

4.2 Allotments Bl-3

4.3 Allotments B4-7

4.4 Allotments BB-15

4.5 Allotment C

4.6 Allotment D

4.7 All'otment E

4.B Allotment F

5.0 Assessment of the Archaeological Potential

5.1 Preamble

5.2 Allotments A,Bl-7

5.3 Allotments BB-15

5.4 Allotment C

5.5 Allotment D

5.6 Allotment E

5.7 Allotment F

6.0 Supplementary Documentation

10

10

10

10

11

12

13

14

16

16

16

16

17

17

1B

1B

19

19

19

20

21

21

22

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6.1 Footnotes to the Text

6.2 Bibliography

7.0 Graphics

7.1 Plates to the Text

7.2 Plans to the Text

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30

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thank the following people for

their assistance in compiling this report:

The staff of Mitchell Library

The staff of the State. Archives Author±ty of NSW.

Ms D.Rhodes of the Dixon Library for allowing access

to her report on this site.

Mr B.Roser.

Those plates and plans designated with a Mitchell

Library source are rep~Dduced by permission of the

Librarian


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1.0 PREFACE TO THE REPORT

1.1 LOCATION OF SITE

The area considered in this report has a dual

classificationithe primary site and secondary sites. The

primary site is that which is now occupied by the

temporary parliamentary building directly on the Macquarie

Street frontage between the State Library of NSW artd

Parliament House (Allotments C/D/E/partially BB-15)

However/as this small section could not be either

considered or researched in isolation secondary sites

were identified and discussed. These are the State Library

Site (Allotment F) and the remainder of the block housing

the primary site on its eastern frontage (Allotments Bl-15) .

In effect/therefore/the entire study is concerned

with the area between the Cahill Expressway and Parliament

House (on a north/south axis) and Macquarie Street and

Hospital Road (on an east/west axis).

PlLan No.l

1.2 AIMS

The primary aim of this report is to provide a

resource document outlining the archaeological potential

of this area and the action considered necessary to be

taken during its future disturbance. Archival research

has been carried out to determine the successive occupations

and/therefore/the likely impact on site. However,there is

no detailed documentation for each identified structure.

This was considered to be beyond the parameters of the

brief and,secondly,the time allowed for the study

restricted its scope.

Basic archival research of graphic and

documentary resources was carried out in the major

repositories. Secondary sources were not consulted due to

the time constraints. In this report selective use of

the documentation, particular~,y the graphic material, has

been made as the .iatent of this report is different to

that of an architectural search.


4

For convenience both the primary and secondary sites

have been broken up into allotments each with an alphabetical

designation and in s6me cases a numerical sub-grouping e.g.

Allotment C,B6. The allotments are based on early land grant

divisions. The subsequent construction in the area conforms

very closely to these boundaries.

For each allotment short descriptions of the

particular land grant,subsequen~ ownership, construction and

assessment of the likely archaeological potential have been

outlined in the relevant sections.

The short time allowed for this rep6rt defined the

extent and depth of research which, as stated,covered only the

major repositories.

It was found that,without exception, the buildings

on both the primary and secondary sites were poorly

documented. In a number of cases they were not documented

at all either through the loss of records or the

probability that no original records were made~ This

necessitated that a large section of the research was based

on comparative map study and this form of research must always

be treated with caution.

The reliability of an archaeological assessment

inc.reases with the extent and detail of the available

documentation hence, in this case,the assessment of the

potential arcbaeological resource was severely limited by the

minimal archival material.

1.5 FORMAT OF REPORT'

The body of this report is in five major sections.

The first section (3.0) is concerned with the archival

evidence for ownership and occupation of the various

allotments. Section 4.0 discusses the structural development

of each allotment as far 'as it may be defined. Section

5.0 provides an assessment of the archaeological

potential of the various allotments, their elements and

interplay. The fourth major section (6.0) presents the

supplementary documentation (footnotes and bibliogra~hy)


5

and Section 7.0 the selected graphic material (plates and

plans). The following section (2.0) gives a synopsis of the

evidence and recommendations based on the assessment.

1.6 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE TEXT

B.T. Bonwick Transcripts

HRA Historical Records of Australia

HR of NSW Historical Records of NSW

ML Mitchell Library

RAHS Royal Australian Historical Society

SA NSW State Archives Authority of NSW

SPF Small Picture File

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2.0 SYNOPSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

2.1 SYNOPSIS

The earliest traced land grant, AllotmentA ,in this

area was issued in 1807. Subsequently five others were

granted with one being subdivided into fifteen allotments

(Allotments Bl-15). The first known building constructed on

the site was the Light Horse Barracks initiated by Governor

Macquarie in c.1810 later used as the Female School of

Industry and ultimately the site of the State Library

(Allotment F).

A large percentage of both the primary and secondary

sites was devoted to domestic occupation ranging fro'm the

lower middle class to the professional groups. The earliest

identifiable of these dwellings was in existence by 1816

(Allotments C,D). The others,as well as small commercial

enterprises,range in date from approximately the same time

to the 18508 inclusive. Most had· been demolished by the 1890s.

The latest nineteenth century construction was the "Iron

Church" built on Allotment D in 1857.

During the later years of the nineteenth century

the primary site (Allotments C~D and E) was gradually encroached

upon by additional buildings for parliamentary purposes.

Finally, in the early years 0f this century a tennis court/

bowling green with subsidiary buildings was constructed over

the site. In 1975 the temporary building now on this site

was erected. The secondary sites have become part of the

parliamentary extensions (Allotments Bl-15) and the State

Library site (Allotment F).

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2.2

a.

b.

c.

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RECOMMENDATIONS

That during the initial excavation and subsequent

disturbance on site an archaeologist be present to

supervise the same.

That if during the course of excavations any features,

relics or artefacts are unearthed or exposed provision

is made for the supervising archaeologist to take

whatever action is necessary to record and retrieve

this resource. This may take the form of minimal

excavation and/or clearance, photographic recording,

artefact retrieval or any other appropriate

archaeological technique.

That provision be made in the documentation for the

work schedules to allow for the possibility of

archaeological work becoming necessary during the

course of excavation.

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3.0 EARLY LAND GRANTS/DIVISION INTO ALLOTMENTS AND

SUBSEQUENT OWNERSHIP

3.1 EARLY LAND GRANTS/DIVISION INTO ALLOTMENTS.

The earliest land grant issued on this site was

that given to William Bennett by Governor King (1). Shown

on the 1807 James Meehan plan of Sydney (ML Ref. M2.811.17/1807/1)

as Allotment 82 it encompassed in area sections of the later

sites of Richmond Villa, the Domain Terrace and parliamentary

buildings. There is no evidence for any construction having

taken place on this grant (Plan No.2 Allotment A) .

In 1814 Maurice 0·: Connell was granted three roods

and thirty-four and a half perches (about one acre) of land

facing the Domain (2) which encompassed the Bennett grant (3).

In 1823 this grant was transferred to Sir John Wylde the

Judge Advocate (41. wh6,in turn, sold it to W.C.Wentworth in

1831 (!D) (Plan No.2 Allotment B).

In 1835 the·Wentworth allotment was subdivided into

fifteen sub-allotments and these were sold at auction (6)

(Plan No.2 Allotments Bl-1S). Seven, in the eastern section of

the grant, had frontages to the Domain (Plan No.2 Allotments

Bl-7). The southernmost three of these (Plan No.2

Allotments Bl-3) and one other were subsequently withdrawn

for private sale. Allotments Bl-3 were soldre~pectively to

Leslie Duguid (Managing Director of the CBC),A.B.Spark

(Treasurer of the AGL) and N.Carr. In 1849 these three lots

were provisionally purchased by Mortimer lliewis (7).

The remaining three sold at auction went to F.Stephen,

I.D.Nichols and T.H.James. These subsequently formed part of the

Richmond Terrace land (8) (Plan No.2 Allotments B4-7). Of

the subsequent development of the remaining eight sub

allotments (Plan No.2 Allotments B8-1S) there is little

evidence. It is claimed that these were originally owned by

J.Buckley (9), Certainly by the 1880s they were part of

the W.C.Wentworth estate (10).

Of the area of land fronting Macquarie Street and of

primary concern to this report three separate grants,

possibly issued as early as the O'Connel1 grant, are

recognizable. Allotment C (Plan No.2) was given to Sir John

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Wylde (11) and later acquireG in 1831 by W.C.Wentworth (12).

Between this date and 1837 eighteen feet was excised along

the northern boundary to form the Domain Terrace roadway (13).

Allotment D (,lan No.2) was originally granted to

Joseph Buckley (14) and Allotment E was issued to a Jemima

Eager (15). Allotment F (Plan No.2) the site of the Female

School of Industry would seem to have been alienated by

Governor Macquarie in c.1809/10 for the purpose of

establishing his Light Horse Barracks.

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3.2 SUBSEQUENT OWNERSHIP AND OCCUPATION OF ALLOTMENTS

3.2a ALLOTMENT~'A (Secondary Site)

There is no evidence for any subsequent development

on this grant after the initial issue.

3.2b ALLOTMENTS Bl-3 (Secondary Site)

These three allotments were bought in 1849 by

Mortimer Lewis and upon them in c.1850 he built Richmond

Villa. Lewis only occupied the house for about a year (1)

and thereafter it passed into other hands. It was ultimately

acquired by James Williams on December 19,1863 (2). From ·this

date Williams and his trustees appear to have retained

possession of the house and grounds until its resumption

by the Crown (3). The villa-became the offices for various

parliamentary people and for a considerable period was the

home for the Country Party. It was removed from this site in

the 1970s to become the offices for the ~ociety of

Genealogists in the Rocks (4). The site is now encompassed

by the parliamentary extensions.

Plates: 1

Plans: 5,7,8,9,10,11

3.2c ALLOTMENTS B4-7 (Secondary Site)

Part of this site was sold at the 1835 auction to

Stephen,Nichols and James. The subsequent ownership after

this has not been traced. By 1854 Richmond Terrace had

been built here (Plan No. 7 ). During the nineteenth century

this was privately occupied by people of the professional

class,doctors,lawyers etc. Early in this century, however,

the terraces had been taken over to serve as government

offices (1). The terrace appears to have been demolished

before 1938 and the site has since been encompassed by the

parliamentary extensions.

Plates: 2,3,4,9

Plans: 5,7,8,9,10,11

3.2d ALLOTMENTS B8-15 (Secondary Site, partial primary site)

There is very little docum~ntation for the

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development of this site. It is claimed that the area was

originally owned by Joseph Buckley (1). By 1880 Campbell

claims that it was owned by the trustees of the Wentworth

estate (2). By 1854 the Domain Terraces had been constructed

(Plan No. 7).

Described in 1911 by "Old Chum",he stated that

there were six houses on one side (the northern section)

and twelve on the other (the southern section facing east) .

This arrangement is seen on the 1860 plan (Plan No. 8 ). He

also states that, in contrast to Richmond Terrace,these

houses were occupied by journeymen, tradesmen, stonemasons,

printers,carpenters,curriers,tailors,shoemakers,labourers

etc (3).

By 1895,of the eighteen cottages~only numbers 1-13

are listed in the Sands Directory and by .1897 only numbers

12 and 13 (4). This was due to the encroachment of the

parliamentary facilities viz.the stables and extensions to the

assembly chamber (5). From 1901 these numbers (12 and 13)

are given as 12 and 14 (6). In 1908 no resident is recorded

and 1909-10 the occupants are stated to be Frank Kent and the

City Tramway Power Substation (7). From 1911 to 1927 only

one name· is given and from 1928 the Domain Terrace

ceased to be listed as a street (8). The further extensions to

Parlia.ment House and the landscaping for the tennis court/

bowling green completely covered this site.

Plates: 2,3

Plans: 5,7~8,9,10,11

3.2e ALLOTMENT C (Primary Site)

This allotment, after its original ownership by

Sir John Wylde,was acquired by W.C.Wentworth in 1831(1).

Between this time and 1837 eighteen feet was excised

along thp northern boundary to form the road that gave

access to the Domain Terraces (2). The earliest directory

reference for a resident is in 1855 for a Mrs Edwards (3).

In 1857 Joel H.Asher,merchant,is listed (4) .. By 1867

William Mathews,coach proprietor, is listed at the address

and his family and business,a livery stable, continued to

occupy the site until 1890(5) •.

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From the early 1860s (and possibly the later

1850s) two separate premises were located on Allotment C.

This is consistent for 1864-1890. The Mathews family and

business continuously occupied one, the other had a frequently

changing tenancy (6),however,it was alway used as a domestic

residence.

In 1890 listings cease presumably because the

buildings were demolished. By 1908 thp bowling green/

tennis court and associateddevelopments had covered the

site. In 1975 the temporary parliamentary building was

constructed.

Plates: 2,5(left section),6 (left section),8 (left section),10,12,13

Plans: 3,4,5,6~7~8~9~10~11

3.2f ALLOTMENT D (Primary Site)

Originally granted to Joseph Buckley,its subsequent

ownership is obscure until 1854 when the site is shown as

being unoccupied (Plan No. 7). It appears to have been

the location for a private residence, "Old Chum" states that it

belonged to John Flexman a hay and corn dealer (1).

In 1854 the site was sold to the Free Church of

Scotland for £2060 (2). On this was erected the popularly

known "Iron Church". There is some discrepancy in the

sources with regard to the date of this event,however,when

the building was demolished at Rookwood in 1958 a bottle was ;

found in one of the towers with a hand written document

inside intended as a "time capsule". This clearly states

that the building was imported from Scotland and erected in

Macquarie Street in 1857 (3).

The building was made in the yards of Robertson and

Lister in Glasgow and was one of two similar in size and

appearance to each other, the only exception being that the

Macquarie Street church had two towers to either side the

other church a single central spire. The dimensions of

each were seventy-three feet long and forty-five feet wide

(4). It was dedicated as Saint Stephen's Presbyterian

Church (the second of that name).

In 1875 the building was sold by the Church

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after it acquired another building in Phillip Street (5).

During 1876 the former church was apparently vacant, it is

listed in Sands Directory as the"Late St Stephen's

Presbyterian Church" (6). From 1877 to 1880 it was used by

Samuel Friedman as a tweed clothing factory (7) and from

1881 until its removal in 1899 it served as the lending branch

of the Public Library (8).

From Macquarie Street the church was taken down and

re-erected at Rookwood Asylum (later known as the Lidcombe

State Hospital) where it served as a recreation room, dining

hall and chapel (9).

After its removal the tennis court/bowling green

took over the site and in 1975 the temporary parliamentary

building was erected.

Plates: 2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10

Plans: 3,4,5,6 7,8,9,10,11

3.2g ALLOTMENT E (Primary Site)

Originally owned by Jemima Eager the deeds were

reissued to W.C.Wentworth in 1849 (1). The allotment seems

to have always been, until its incorporation into the

parliamentary site,a private residential block. In 1858-9

Oswald Campbell~an artist, resided here (2) and thereafter

a rapidly changing tenancy (3) un~il 1875 when the

premises first become a boarding house owned by Mrs Fanny

Spencer (4). Apparently unsuccessful, in the following years

until 1880 the residence reverted to private hands (5). In

1880 Miss S.Lennon owned the site and she tUl;:lned the

house into a boarding house,the famous "Rose Cottage". In

1893 this listing ceases and it is likely that at this time

the cottage was demolished. (6)

In 1897 the parliamentary buildings began to

encrQach upon the site,a number of lavatories and offices

being built towards the rear of the allotment (7). The

bowling green/tennis court completely covered the site.

The temporary building was erected in 1975.

Plates: 2,5 (rig-_t section), 6 (right section), 8

Plans: 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11


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3.2h ALLOTMENT F (Secondary Site)

This allotment, the School of Industry site, appears

to have first been alienated by Governor Macquarie to

establish barracks and stabling for his Light Horse Guard.

This is one of the least known of the Macquarie buildings

and virtually no documentation survives •

In May 1809 Castlereagh authorized Macquarie to construct

accomodation for his regiment (1). It would seem that by July

1810 work had begun and was expected to proceed rapidly (2).

In October 1811 Macquarie reported to Liverpool that lIa

new Range of Barracks for the accomodation of the troops

was completed in the later part of last year ... 1I (3). However,

Commissioner Bigge reported that the Light Horse stables

were not completed until 1812 (4).

There are no extant plans for the building,no

specifications and only two accounts in 1819 and 1820,both

for £20 to Edward Cureton for partial payment lI erecting wall

round Light Horse Barracks ll (5).

The only description of the Barracks was recorded

by Macquarie himself in 1822. He described it as a IIBrick

Built Barrack stuccoed for the Governors Guard of Light

Horse and stabling for 16 horses and Garden enclosed with a

Stone Dwarf Wall ll (6) •

After the departure of Macquarie in 1821 and during

the temporary establigbment of Government House at

Parramatta,the necessity for the Governor's Horse Guard

appears to have diminished until in 1826 the remnant of the .

detachment was transferred and the building was granted

to the Church of England Institution for lithe maintenance

and training of fifty female children of poor parentage

in cooking and general domestic duties under the name of the

Sydney Female School of Industry ll(7).

On the change of occupation certain alterations

had to be carried out. In May 1826 it was stated that

the building was being prepared IIwith every possible

expeditionll (8) and in June it was reported that 11 stonemasons,

bricklayers, carpenters etc etc are as busy as bees ••.• 1I (9).

After the School moved into the premises it was

found to be necessary to make further additional

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alterations. The annual report of 1827 states that

" •.. several alterationsboth in the interior and exterior

of the premises have been made which although on first

view may appear to have been of a trifling nature have

nevertheless tended greatly to the comfort and neatness

of the school".(10). There are no extant details for any of these

alterations.

The guidelines of the school were simple:girls were

clothed and boarded and taught basic household duties. They

were not allowed to leave the school unless expelled or a

sit'uation found 'for them (11). In short the school provided

trained servants for those that supported it.

In 1869/70,possibly due to the poor condition of

the buildings, the decision was made to move the School

of 'Industry to a site in Darlinghurst. The Colonial Architect

valued the Macquarie Street site at this time at £14,500 but

claimed that lithe old buildings will not more than pay the

cost of removal 11 (12) .

The School was removed in the 1870s and theusit.e,seems to

have become a small park or garden.

In 1879 the Macquarie Street Resumption Act was

put into effect which gave the State Government the power

to resume the land betweenfue 1843 Chamber and the Bent

Street entrance to the Domain. This was to allow the erection

of new parliamentary buildings (13).

In 1888 the foundation stone for the new buildings

was laid on the old school site (14),however,in the

Depression of 1893 all such schemes were abandoned. There

after the site was not touched again until the construction

of the State Library which opened in 1910.

Plates: 2,3,10,11,12,13,14

Plans: 3,4,5,6,7,8

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4.0 STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALLOTMENTS

4.1 ALLOTMENT A (Secondary Site)

There is no evidence to suggest that any structure

was built on this site.

4.2 ALLOTMENTS Bl-3 (Secondary Site)

There is no evidence for any building on the site

earlier than Richmond Villa built c.1850. If not originally

then certainly by 1860 three other buildings were

constructed, two in the extreme south-west corner of the site

and a single small building in the north-west corner. This

arrangement was current in the 1880s. By the turn of the

century these buildings h.ad been demolished and the area

landscaped. By 1929 a covered way led from the Villa to

the main parliamentary complex. During the 1970s Richmond

Villa was removed to its new site and the area is now encompassed

in the parliamentary extensions.

Plates: 1

Plans: 5,7,8,9,10,11

4.3 ALLOTMENTS B4-7 (Secondary Site)

There is no evidence for any construction on this

site before Richmond Terra~e was built in the 1850s. Th~

terrace covered the entire site on an oblique angle with a number

of outbuildings to the rear (west). The number of these

outbuildings had increased by the 1880s. Some of these were

demolished during the early years of this century. The

terrace was demolished before 1,938 and the site is now

encompassed by the parliamentary extensions.

Plates: 2,3,4,9

Plans: 5,7,8,9,10,11

4.4 ALLOTMENTS B8-15 (Secondary Site" partial. primary site)

There is no evidence for any construction on this

site before the Domain Terrace was built in the 1850s. This

occupied the site until the 1890s when parts were demolished

to make way for parliamentary buildings. The remainder

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was demolished shortly thereafter. Further parliamentary

buildings wpre then built upon it and it is now encompassed

within the parliament house [email protected] natrowly included-in the area

of the new library extensions.

Plates: 2,3

Plans: 5,7,8,9,10,11

4.5 ALLOTMENT C (Primary Site)

The earliest evidence for construction on this

grant is from 1816 when two buildings are shown, one to the

Macquarie Street frontage, the second to the rear (east) of

this and partially on Allotment D. Both are likely to

have been private cottages.

By 1837 two structures are still apparent. The

Macquarie Street building appears to be the same as that of

1816.The secmnd,however,has either been extended or is a

new building. If it is the same an extension had arso been ]

placed on its southern elevation on Allotment D. This

arrang~ment was current during the 1840s. By 1854 the rear

(eastern) buildings had gone although the documentation

for this (Plan No. 7) is not as relaible as the 1860 plan

(Plan No. 8 ). This indicates an extensive series of buildings

over the entire site. The IIcottage ll on the Macquarie Street

frontage would appear to be still in situ though enlarged.

This grou~must largely be comprised of the Mathews I livery

stables complex. This arrangement is current in the 1880s.

Photogra~hs show the structures to be shingled and weather

boarded • They were demolished in the 1890s.

The site was landscaped for the tennis court/bowling

green at the turn of the century and a wall built along the

Macquarie Street frontage. The site now lies under the

temporary parliamentary building.

Plates: 2,5(left section),6(left section),8(left section),10,12,13

Plans: 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11

4.6 ALLOTMENT D (Primary Site)

As described in Section 4.5 the earliest evidence

for construction on this site is the 1816 plan (Plan No~ 3

where a private cottage (presumably) intruded from Allotment

C. By 1822 another small cottage is shown in the south-west

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corner of the allotment and by 1837 a large building is

shown covering the entire Macquarie Street frontage of

Allotments D and E. In 1843 this arrangement was still current,

however,by 1854 the site is shown as unoccupied. In 1857

the Iron Church was erected here and occupied the site unti~

1899. After its removal the site became part of the tennis

court/bowling green arrangement and is now under the

temporary parliamentary building.

Plates: 2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10

Plans: 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11

4.7 ALLOTMENT E (Primary Site)

One cottage is shown on this site in 1822 and by

1837 there is part of a large building stretching across

both Allotments D and E with an eastern extension to it on

Allotment E. In 1854 one cottage is shown although by 1860

a similar arrangement to that shown in 1837 is currpnt with

the addition 0,:'5 a small outbuilding in the extreme north

east corner of the site. By 1888a further extension had

been made to the cottage along the parliamentary boundary.

This arrangement was current until it was demolisged in the

1890s. The tennis court/bowling green was constructed on this

site and the temporary parliamentary building was later

built here in 1975.

Plates: 2,5Jright section),6(right section),8

Plans: 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11

4.8 ALLOTMENT F (Secondary Site)

Throughout its entire life as first a barracks

and then a school only two buildings are ever shown, the

main school building on Macquarie Street (although the

entrance was on the far side) and a second small outbuilding

in the extreme south-e'ast corner of the site. Both were

demolished at the same time in the 1870s and the only other

building to occupy the site has been the library.

Plates: 2,3,10,11,12,13,14

I I I I I I I I I I .. I

I I I I I I I I I

19

5.0 ASSESSMENT OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL,ALLOTMENTS A-F

5.1 PREAMBLE

A definitive archaeological assessment of a site

and its potential is dependent on the extent and detail

of available archival material. In all cases on both the

primary and secondary sites this data was absolutely minimal.

The assessment, therefore, of these sites is necessarily

limited. Without details of construction it is impossible

to determine the impact a building will have on a site and in

turn the impact that succeAding structures will have on

both the site and the features which have preceeded it.

It is generally possible, in broad terms,to assess

a given site when the nature of the potential feature is

known by using comparative architectural techniques, however,

in the case of this primary site 90% of the buildings have

only a presumed function due to the poor documentation.

The following assessment, therefore, is necessarily

cautiousand the recommendations also reflect this attitude.

5_2 ALLOTMENTS A,Bl-7

Due to the circumstances of Allotment A there is

unlikley to be any features or evidence left on site.

Allotments Bl-7 are beyond the primary area of concern and

the area has been extensively redeveloped in recent times.

It is extremely unlikley that evidence IDf the extensive

nineteenth century buildings would remain. It is also

unlikley that any subsidiary features relevant to these

would be intrusive into the primary site. The likelihood of

any evidence from this area being recovered during the

future redevelopment is minimal.

5.3 ALLOTMENTS B~-15

The northern section of these allotments is

intrusive into the primary site. The nineteenth century

development of this area was concerned only with the

Domain Terraces and the associated out-buildings. The

extent of this development as well as the subsidiary

features, mainly drainage patterns, water and sewerage lines

and small artefact material (dumps?),presupposes an


I I I I I I I I I

20

extensive impact on the site.

It islikely that the later parliamentary

buildings removed or disturbed a considerable amount of

this evidence, however, the probability of evidence of the

subsidiary features remains good. It is considered that

neither the landscaping for the tennis court/bowling green

nor the foundations for the temporary building have had

an extensively damaging impact although they would certainly

have disturbed the upper strata.

It is considered, therefore, that disturbance of the

site may reveal drainage lines and/or small artefact material

associated with the Domain Terrace complex. It is possible,

though less likely, that foundations of later parliamentary buildings

may also be found.

5.4 ALLOTMENT C

This site has had a long and extensive building

history from at least as early as 1816 to the 1890s. The

potential archaeological material is concerned primarily

with lower middle class domestic and small commercial

enterprise which, if intact,would be a unique archaeological

discovery in Macquarie Street to date. However,the

probability of the material remaining in situ is difficult

to determine for the reasons outlined in Section 5.1.

At the minimum it is expected that small artefact

material representative of the site fUnction will be

recovered. With regard to the structural evidence it is

considpreq that evidence may be retained, albeit

disturbed, and this is more lik~ly to occur towards_the

Macqtlarie Street frontage rather than to the rear (east)

of the block due to the les-ser impact that the landscaping

for the tennis court/bowling green and the preparation for the

foundations of the temporary building would have had than

the site preparation required for the later parliamentary

buildings to the east. If structural material remains

in this section of-Allotment C it more likely to be from

these later buildings than the earlier domestic structures.

In addition to this there is a very small

possibility of future excavation unearthing the remains of

I I I I I I I I I I • I

I I I I I I i I I

21

drainage patterns from the Barracks/School from its

earliest phase of occupation.

5.5 ALLOTMENT D

This allotment represents a similar situation to

Allotment C with a similar building span from c.1816 to the

1890s. However,the probability of evidence of the earlier

domestic structures is less likely than that of Allotment

C due to the later construction of Saint Stephen's Church

which is likely to have disturbed the underlying strata.

Any primary structural evidence, therefore, is more likely

to be from this phase rather than the earlier and, similarly

to Allotment C,more likely to occurtowards the Macquarie

Street frontage rather than to the east for the reasons

outlined in Section 5.4.

Small artefact material is again considered likely

though differing in assemblage, being more like~y to be

representative of the later occupation of the site.Drainage

patterns as discussed in Section 5.4 are also possible .

5.6 ALLOTMENT E

This allotment has had an equally long structural

history as those of C and D,in this case ranging from

the 1820s into the 1890s. The potential archaeological

material is similar in nature to that of Allotment C,

concerned with. the lower middle class domestic occupation.

As with Allotment C retained structural evidence

is more likeLy to be towards the Macquarie Street frontage for

the same reasons outlined in Section 5.4 although in this

case the greater probability of sub-surface remains is

centred in the north-western section of this frontage

due to the encroachment of the parliamentary buildings into

the south-western sector during the later 1890s. Any

structural evidence recovered in this area is more likely

to be from this phase rather than the earlier.

Small artefact material and drainage lines as discussed

In Section 5.4 are a probability.

I, I I I I' I' I I, I I .' I·

I I I' I I, I I I I

22

5.7 ALLOTMENT F

This allotment is a secondary site and the only

possibility of it having an' effect on the primary site

is through intrusive drainage patterns/disc~ssed in the

relevant sections. The library now covers the entire site of

the former Barracks/School and it is very unlikely that

any sub-surface evidence of these occupations remains.

I I I I I I I I,

'1 I i I,

I I I I I I I, I

6.0

6.1

a.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

?3

SUPPLEMENTARY DOCUMENTATION

FOOTNOTES TO THE TEXT

SECTION 3.1

Campbell,J.F. Notes on the Historic Development of

Macquarie Street South.

R.A.H.S. Jnl 23 1937 Pt 3.,194

Maiden,J.H. History of the Sydaey Botanic Gardens

R.A.H.S. Jnl 14 Pt 1.,32

Campbell,J.F. Op Cit.,198

Ibid., 200

Ibid.

Sydney Morning Herald May 14,1835.,3ff

Campbell,J.F. Loc Cit.

Ibid.

Maiden,J.H. Loc Cit.

10. Campbell,J.F. Op Cit.,202 Plan X

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

b.

1.

2.

3.

4.

c.

1.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.,201

Ibig.

Ibig.

SECTION 3.2b



R.A.H.S. Jnl 23 1937 Pt 3.,200

Personal communication with Mr B.Roser.

SECTION 3.2c

"aId Chum"

The Truth December 27,1911

I I I I I I I I I: I i I I I I I I I I I

24

Old Chum A224.,224

1. Maiden,J.H. History of the Sydney Botanic Gardens

R.A.H.S. Jnl 14 Pt 1.,32

2. Campbell,J.F.Notes on the Historic Development of


R.A.H.S. Jnl 23 1937 Pt 3.,200

3. "Old Chum"


Old Chum A224.,224

4. Rhodes,D. New Library Building A Site History., 1

5. Ibid., 3

6. Ibid.,l

7. Ibid.

8. Ibid.

e. SECTION 3~2e

1. Campbell,J.F. Notes on the Historic Development of

Macquarie Street Soubh.

R.A.H.S. Jnl 23 1937 Pt 3.,201

2. .Ibid.

3. Waugh and Cox Directory of Sydney and Suburbs 1855

4. Sands Directory 1857

5. Ibid.,Macquarie Street Listings 1867-1890

6. Rhodes,D. New Library Building A Site History., 2

f. SECTION 3.2f

1. "Old Chum"


Old Chum A224.,224

2. NSW Presbyterian March 27,1935.,228-32

3. ML Doc.293

4. Forde,J.M. News~er Cuttin~Vol.166.,38ff

5. Rhodes,D.New Library-Buildin~A Site History., 2

I I I I I I I I I I • I,

I' I I I I I I I I

6.

7.

8.

9.

f.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

g •

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

25

Sands Directory 1876

Watson,J.H. Old~dney

Ibid

Ibid

SECTION ~

Campbell,J.F. Notes ori the Historic Development of

Macquarie Street South

R.A.H.S. Jnl 23 1937 Pt 3.,201

Sands Directory 1858,

Ibig.,1861-74

Ibid., 1875

Ibid., 1876-79

Ibid., 1880

Rhodes,D. New Library Building A Site History.,Map 4

Castlereagh to Macquarie

May 14,1809

HRA VII.,84

Government and General Order

July 28,1810

HR of NSW XII.,398

Macquarie to Liverpool

October 18,1811

HRA VII.,396

Items built by Government labour.

Item No.2

B.T. 12.,338

Sydn~azette August 28,1819

eydney Gazette June 8,1820

Macquarie to Bathurst

July 27,1822

Enclosure A

HRA~.,686


I I I I I I I I I

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

26

Campbell,J,F. Notes on the Historic Development of


R.A.H.S. Jnl 23 1937 Pt 3.,198

Sydn~azette May 31~~826

~bi~.,June 7,1826

Annual Report of the Committee of the School of Industry 1827

Col.Sec. Letters In Bundle 4L180~

Sydney Gazette April 8,1826

Col.Arch.to Under Sec. for Public Works

August 1,1870

Col.Sec. Letters In Bundle 4/780.2

Reynolds,P.L. Legislative Architecture in NSW 1788-1974.,33-4

I I I I I

i I

I I I I -I I I I I I I I I I

6.2

a.

b.

27

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOK§., REPORTS

Annual Report o~ the Committee of the School

of Industry 1827

Col.Sec. Letters In

Bundle 4/780.2 (S.A. NSW)

Kelly,M. and Crocker,K. Sydn~Takes Shape

Doak Press 1978 (Private)

Rhodes,D. New Library Building A Site History 1983

(Private Report)

Reynolds,F.L. Legislative Architecture in NSW 1788-1976

Pub. Legislative Council 1976 (Private)

Scott,G. Sydney's Highways of History

Georgian House Press (Private)

Watson,J.H. Old Sydney

(ML Q991.1/W)

NEWSPAPER ARTICLES,JOURNAL ARTICLES

Anon. "The Iron Church"

NSW Presbyterian March 27,1935.,228-33

(ML MDQ 285.105/1)



R.A.H.S. Jnl 23 1937 Pt 3.,194-204

Forde,J.M. Newspaper Cuttings Vol 166

(ML FM4 7955)

Maiden,J.H. History of the Sydney Botanic Gardens

R.A.H.S. Jnl 14 Pt 1

"Old Chum" articles

OJtd Chum A224 (ML)

Sydn~azette August 28,1819

June 8,1820

April 8,1826

May 31, 1826

June 7,1826 (ML)

Sydney Morning Herffild May 14,1835 (ML)

I I I I

!I I I I I, I • I

I I I' I' I I I. I

c.

d.

e.

28

CORRESPONDENCE,MISCELLANEOUS DOCUMENTS

Items of Government Labour

Bonwick Transcripts 12 (ML)

Letter Col.Architect to Under Sec.for Public Works

August 1, 1870

Col.Sec. Letters In Bundle-±i780.2

Governors' Despatches in

HRA VII,X

HR of NSW XII (ML)

Memo re. Removal of Iron Church

.!'1L Do~293

DIRECTORIES -------Sands DirectorY-1857-1932 Macquarie Street Listimgs

Waugh and Cox Directo~of~ney-and Suburbs 1855

(981il/W ML)

PLATES ----

1. PWD File Photograph

2. Hou~son Volume 3 F981.1/H (ML)

3. SPF-Sydney Streets-Macquarie-Panorama (ML)

4. SPF-Sydney Residences-Richmond Terrace (ML)

5. Gill,S.T. Sydney Illustrated (ML)

6. SPF~Sydney Churches-St Stephen's

7. SPF-Sydney Churches-St Stephen's

8. SPF-Sydney Streets-Macquarie

9. SPF-Sydney Streets-Macquarie

(MLY

10. Female School of Industry 1834 Walker SSVI/PUB/FE SCl1

11. Female School of Industry 1842 Rae.J. Macquarie Street

DGSU* Sp Coll Rae 18

12. Female School of Indus:':ry 1873 Elyard,S V*l Sp Coll/Elyardl

13. Female School of Industry SPF

14. Photographic Views of Sydney Vol.3 ML F98.41P


29

f. PLANS

3. ML Plan MS 811.172/1816/1

4. ML M2 811.17/1822/1

5. SA NSW Surveyor Genera: Ske~ch Book Vol.4 Folio 59

6. ML M2 811.17/1843/1

7. ML M2 811.17/1854/1

8. ML M4 811.172/1860/1

9. ML MSer 4 811.17/1

10. PWD

11. PWD

I I I I I I I I I I i' I I I I I I I I I

7.0

7.1

30

GRAPHJiCS ----PLATES TO THE TE)cr'

1. Richmond Villa during removal.

2. P.anorama of Macquarie Street.

3. Panorama of M~cquarie Street.

4. Richmond Terrace before demoili~ion.

5. St Stephen's in the 1860s

,~6': St Stephen' s in the 1870s.

7. St Stephen's during removal.

8. The Iron Church,Rose Cottage etc. c.1864

9. Panorama of Macquarie Street 1871-2

10. Panorama of Macquarie Street 1882-9

11. Female School of Industry 1834

12. Female Scnool of Industry 1842

13. Female School of Industry 1873

14. Female School of Industry 1870s

15. Panorama of the site in 1938

------~-------------

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34

PLATE No.4: Richmond Terrace before demolition.

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PLATE No.10: Panorama of Macquarie Street c.1882-9.

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7.2

46

PLANS TO THE TEXT

1. Definition of Area of Study:Primary and Secondary

2. Definition of Allotments.

3. Section of 1816 plan of the Governor's Demesne.

4. Section of ~lan of 1822.

5. Sketch of the site 1837

6. Section of 1843 plan.



9. Section of 188,-, plan.

10. Parliament House 1908.

11. Parliament House c.1929.

Sites.

, i , I I ~ . I

I ;

, : I I I '

r· I '

t I ' I •

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PLAN No.1: Definition of Area

of Study

. .. . . . . . . . . Primary Site

Secondary Sites

(Rem~inder of Curtilag

Cl « ~

" . , .. - . . .' . ... ',. '" . '". .... . - : ------NEW SOUTH WALES PARLIAMENT ~USE

.. ............ ~~.~.~ .. ~ .. ~ .. ~ ................ ~ ......................... . . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................ ........................................................................ ..................................................................... ..................................................................... . .. .. .. . .. . . .. .. .. . . ' ............................................. .. .................................... " .................................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . . .. .. . . . .. . ~rts H-I ~t." ............ .

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. :::::::::::::::::::":: . :BtJIl.;. 11\10:::::::: .....--r.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : ....................................

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PLAN No.10: Parliament House 1908

I

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I1 I I I I I I

57

• .

[ L ~LAN No.ll: Parliament House c.1929

NEW LISkARY ~TREET SYDNEY W - Archaeology...

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