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MPEDA Newsletter • August 2012 | 1

M P E D ANEWSLETTER

Editorial Board

Marketing News

Showcasing of Indian seafood in the 14th Japan International Seafood andTechnology Expo at Tokyo ..................................................................................... 3

MPEDA participates in the AAHARInternational Food Fair – 2012, Chennai .............................................................. 6

Focus Area

MPEDA organizes Tuna workshops in associationwith FAO / INFOFISH ......................................................................................... 7

Barriers to achieve low-impact fuel-efficient fishing ......................................... 13

Exposure visit to Kolkata for ornamentalfish entrepreneurs from Assam............................................................................. 19

Quality Front

Indian delegation visits Japan on Ethoxyquin issue .......................................... 20

Aquaculture Scene

Digestibility of fishery by-products tested on shrimp ...................................... 22

Training programmes organised by field offices of MPEDA ......................... 24

Temperature affects shrimp survival, feed conversion ..................................... 28

Re-circulating aquaculture systemsinnovative technologies in Tilapia Farming ........................................................ 30

News Spectrum ...............................................................................................33

Trade Enquiry ...................................................................................................40

Contents

Vol. XXI No. 8 August 2012

Mr. N RameshDirector (M)Mr. P MohanasundaramDirectorMr. B SreekumarSecretaryMrs. K M VeenaJt. Director (Dev.)Mr. Thampi Sam RajJoint Director (Trng)Mr. K N Vimal KumarJoint Director (QC)Dr. Al. MuthuramanDeputy Director (Soc)

EditorDr. Ram Mohan M KDeputy Director (P&MP)[email protected]. in

Assistant EditorMr. S Bhaskaran [email protected]

Printed and Published by:Mr. B SreekumarSecretary,MPEDA, Kochi - 36Printed at Amarakerala Industries,Kochi -18

The Marine Products ExportDevelopment Authority(Ministry of Commerce &.Industry, Govt. of India)MPEDA House, Panampilly Avenue,Kochi - 682 036.Telephone : 91-484-2311979Fax: 91-484-2313361E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.mpeda.com

Dear friends,

The month after my message in the July 2012 issue of

MPEDA Newsletter we have seen a lot of turbulence in

our trade relations with Japan. The decision by Japanese

Health Authorities to inspect the shrimp consignments

from India for Ehtoxyquin residue at the default standard

of 0.01 ppm has come as a bolt from the blue for our

exporters and farmers, who were already suffering due to the lower level of purchase by the US

as well as European markets.

Our delegation to Japan has made an all out effort for resolving the issue. We met all the

concerned authorities including the Directors, Director General and Hon’ble Minister of Health,

Labour & Welfare, Japan Mrs. Yoko Komiyama. We were successful in getting the authorities

to refer the issue to the concerned Food Safety Commission, which is expected to come out

with its result soon. Her Excellency, the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan has

assured us that they would resolve the issue “quickly and with integrity”. The importers in

Japan were also taken aback by this move of their Government and are definitely very upset

about the present crisis.

I can assure you that Government of India as well as MPEDA will relentlessly follow up

with the Japanese authorities for a speedy solution of the issue.

I would also like to inform you that in all our endeavours in this matter, the Embassy of

India, Japan has provided us with wholehearted support. Mrs. Deepa Gopalan Wadhwa, the

Ambassador of India herself was our pillar of strength and support. Special thanks are due to

her from MPEDA and the industry as also to Mr. Sanjay Panda, the Deputy Chief of Mission,

Mr. Tapan kumar Datta, First Secretary (Commercial) and the entire staff of the Embassy

including the translators.

I hope the next issue brings with it some good tidings.

Sd/-September 2012 (LEENA NAIR IAS)

Chairman

| MPEDA Newsletter • August 2012


MARKETING NEWSShowcasing of Indian seafood in the 14th JapanInternational Seafood and Technology Expo at Tokyo

Indian Seafood Exports to Japan during 2011-12 compared to 2010-11

27.16% in rupee value and 22.35% inUS $ realization.

Frozen shrimp continues to be thetop most item of export to Japanesemarket accounting for 73.28% of thetotal US $ earnings. Frozen shrimpexports to Japan increased by 15.82%

in quantity, 27.02% in rupee value and23.55% in US$ realization. Fishexports to Japan has retained its secondposition and registered 22.57% growthin quantity and 36.93% in US$earnings. Other items of export arefrozen cephalopods, dried, live chilledand various other items like kneadedproducts.

The Japan International Seafoodand Technology Expo hosted by JapanFisheries Association (JFA) is thelargest annual seafood event thatshowcases seafood businessopportunities in Japan to allstakeholders. The 14th edition of thisExpo held during 18 – 20 July 2012 atBig Sight, Tokyo, was beneficial toIndia to promote and popularize a widearray of Indian seafood productsamong Japanese buyers. Consideringthe importance of this event, with theapproval of Govt. of India, MPEDAdeputed Mr. K Vijayakumar and Mr. SAsok Kumar, Deputy Directors for

View of the MPEDA stall

Exchange between Japan and Indiais said to have begun in the 6th

century when Buddhism wasintroduced to Japan. Indian culture,filtered through Buddhism had a greatimpact on Japanese culture, and thisis the source of the Japanese people’ssense of closeness to India. Thecountries celebrate their 60 years ofmutual trade, which is worth US$ 13Billion now and is poised to cross US$25 Billion by 2015. The Japan-IndiaComprehensive Economic PartnershipAgreement (CEPA) effective fromAugust 2011, will eliminate about 94%of the tariffs between Japan and Indiawithin 10 years.

During 2011 – 2012, marineproducts exports from India to Japanwas 85,800 MT worth US $ 456.35million. Exports to Japan registered apositive growth of 21.33% in quantity,

View of the MPEDA stall


MARKETING NEWSorganizing MPEDA’s participation.Assistance on quality related issueswere addressed by Mr. J Ramesh,Quality Control Consultant ofMPEDA. Local assistance wasprovided by Mr. Jun Nakayama ofMPEDA TPO, Tokyo Taking intoaccount the prominence of Japan inthe list of India’s seafood buyingcountries, all necessary steps weretaken well in advance for sending thepublications and samples for display.Accordingly all the publicity literatureand seafood samples were received wellin time.

This time MPEDA has hired 20sq. m. stall area and was set attractivewith special backdrop theme with

A view of frozen seafood samples displayed in MPEDA stall

A view of retort pouch products /pickle samples displayed in MPEDA stall

collage of photographs of variousvalue added products. MPEDA stallreceived a lot of appreciation from co-exhibitors and other visitors to the stallfor the layout and unique design. Anexclusive area was also arranged fordiscussion with buyers and VIPs to thestall.

A horizontal freezer displayedwide range of frozen value add seafoodproducts such as Vannamei shrimps indifferent styles viz. raw head-on, rawPD tail-on, raw PD tail-off, blanchedheadless, cooked PD tail-on, cookedPUD, cooked PD and Black tigershrimps in different packing styles viz.raw PD tail-on, raw PD tail-off, PD,PUD and whole cooked lobsters.

Cephalopod products likecuttlefish whole cleaned, cuttlefishfillet, squid whole cleaned, squid rings,squid tentacles, yellow clam meat, otherhigh end value added products likeskewer, surimi products, surimi imitationproducts (super snow crab, crab flakes,crab sticks, lobsters, shrimp tails andcrab claws), tuna loins, tuna steaks,sword fish steaks, red snapper fillet,grouper fillet, ribbon fish cut portionsand pasteurized crab meat were alsodisplayed. Many importers haveevinced keen interest to visit India andMPEDA for further discussions insourcing more seafood from India.

Other items displayed werevarious dry samples such as prawncurry of different cuisines (Amritasari,Kashmiri, Mughalai, Malabar, Goan,Kerala), prawn pulao, prawn biriyani,various tuna products in retortpouches, prawn and tuna pickles, freezedried shrimp and clams. The publicitymaterials were also arranged fordistribution. Apart from Japan,exhibitors from Vietnam, Thailand,China, Malaysia, Korea, USA etc. alsohad put up stalls.

Japan International Seafood andTechnology Expo attracted vide arrayof visitors that included seafoodproducers, seafood buyers, seafoodusers in hospitality sectors, those infishing business and others likebusiness consultants, traders, students,media etc.

A numbers of new technologiesrelating to preserving the freshness offish, rationalizing the processing stagesand enhancing hygienic control wereshowcased in the expo which includedmachinery and equipment for chillingand freezing facilities, and measuring,packaging and slicing. The followingtechnologies and products were


MARKETING NEWS

Mr. S Asok Kumar, Deputy Director attends visitors

displayed by various exhibitors in theexpo.

· Fresh / processed / aqua culturedand sea caught seafood products

· Seasonings and food additives· Seafood processing machinery and

related equipment· Packaging, distribution equipment

and service· Kitchenware and cooking

appliances· Sushi business· HACCP services and food

sanitation equipment andtechnology

· Biomass technology for fishery /waste recycling technology

· Fishery Bio-technology, fisheryindustry, fishery marketmodernizing technology

· Technology for abstractingmedical elements from seafood,technology for commercializingthese elements, technology forcomputerizing these elements,functional products related to

Visitors in MPEDA stall hold discussions with Mr. K Vijayakumar andMr. S Asok Kumar, Deputy Directors

seafood.· Fishery, nursery and aquaculture

technologies· Environment-friendly and

conservation technologies

More than 500 companies /organizations related to seafoodprocessing and related technologies

participated in the expo. The numberof visitors, mainly industrial users andfoodservice operators, totalled 26,101during the 3-day period.

The visitors to the MPEDA stallwere well received and answered theirqueries and clarifications . Publicitymaterial, Exporters directory CD etc.were distributed to the visitors in aprinted bag, which attracted most ofthe visitors. Two interpretators werealso arranged to assist in attending thevisitors. The three days’ event gave anexciting exposure to the entire seafoodand processing industry in accessingthe Japanese seafood market,showcasing of latest innovations inseafood and seafood processing,finding out solutions to businessproblems and to identify ideas to growthe business. M/s. Hiravathi Group,Veraval and M/s. Tri-Star Group,Cochin also participated in the showand showcased their products andservices. The trade enquiries receivedwere published in the July 2012 issueof MPEDA newsletter.


MPEDA participates in the AAHAR International FoodFair – 2012, Chennai

MPEDA through its RegionalOffice, Chennai has participated

in the AAHAR International FoodFair-2012, held at Chennai TradeCentre, from 23rd to 25th August 2012.The Fair was organized by the IndiaTrade Promotion Organization inassociation with Ministry of FoodProcessing Industry. Mrs. M PNirmala, IAS, Secretary, Departmentof Co-operation, Food & consumerProtection, Govt. of Tamil Naduinaugurated the Fair. Around 120exhibitors participated in the Fair.Apart from MPEDA, Governmentorganizations like APEDA, CoffeeBoard and Spices Board alsoparticipated.

MPEDA stall was well arrangedwith Insta banners, posters etc. A

Mrs. M P Nirmala, IAS, Secretary, Department of Co-operation, Food & consumerProtection, Govt. of Tamil Nadu visits MPEDA stall

A view of MPEDA stall Mrs. A R Savithri, Jr. Technical Officer, MPEDA Chennaiinteracts with the visitors

beautiful aquarium, seafood samplesand publications were also displayed inthe stall and a good number of

publications were sold out. A lot ofpeople including Mrs. M P NirmalaIAS visited MPEDA stall.

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The Editor, MPEDA Newsletter, MPEDA House, Panampilly Nagar, Kochi - 682 036Tel : 2311979, 2321722, Fax : 91-484-2312812. E-mail : [email protected] / [email protected]

MARKETING NEWS


MPEDA organizes Tuna workshops in associationwith FAO / INFOFISH

FOCUS AREA

Tuna is the most highly traded fishspecies in the international market.

Japan is the largest importer of tunain Sashimi form (which is of highestquality, normally consumed raw).Oceanic tunas are among the resourcesthat offer immense scope for thedevelopment in the Indian EEZ. Indiawith an EEZ of about 2.02 million sq.km. having estimated potentialresources of 2, 78,000 MT of tuna ofwhich 2, 13,000 MT is belonging to thecategory of oceanic tuna. Thecommercially important species ofoceanic tuna from India are yellow fintuna which is 41%, skipjack tuna 31%and big eye tuna 4% in their order.

Considering the economicpotential of the tuna resources, theIndia Ocean coastal nations haveexpressed their desire to get directlyinvolved in tuna fishing and marketpromotion of the catches inconformity with internationally-accepted norms of ensuring resourcesustainability and elimination of IUUfishery.

The project by FAO/INFOFISH/MPEDA envisages thatthe small/medium scale tuna long lineoperators handle and land betterquality of raw material for producingvalue added products ensuring betterprice and better economicimprovement. MPEDA is the nodalagency in India for the implementationof this project and the proposedactivities under the project are as under.

1. Shore based training in fishhandling and quality.

2. Training and design of product/market development plans

3. Design and training in catchcertification.

It was only in the last few years,focus has been shifted to the Oceanicfishery in India. National effortstowards expansion of small-mediumscale tuna long-line operations haveshown a sharp increase in recent timesin countries in India due to the effortstaken by MPEDA. MPEDA is makingits efforts for capacity buildingamongst the tuna fishermen byproviding onboard training fromconsultants abroad and conducted 59trainings.

MPEDA has introduced themonofilament long line technology forcatching oceanic tuna resources andtries to popularize the monofilamentlong line technology by promoting theconversion of the existing fishingvessels to tuna long liners by providingfinancial assistance. Under this schemeas on 31st March 2012, MPEDA hasassisted the conversion of 681 vesselsand released an amount of Rs.33.80Crores as assistance.

Exports of tuna from India wereat a peak of US $ 62 million in 2006-09. In 2010-11, India exported US $40.5 million worth tuna. However,most of the exports were of frozenproducts, mainly to Middle East,Africa, Latin America and othermarkets. Tuna exports to Japan, USAand EU were very less. The majorproblems faced by the Indian tuna longline operators are identification ofexact fishing grounds, lack of scientificand latest fishing technology, lack ofexpertise among the Indian crew inonboard handling of the catch and

preservation and lack of up to datemarket information.

In order to train small andmedium scale vessel owners, the crewof the tuna long liners on boardhandling of Tuna and to createawareness among processors in theprocessing and marketing for ensuringmore income to the stake holders,MPEDA organized Nationalworkshop on “Improving post-harvestpractices and sustainable marketdevelopment for ling-line fisheries fortuna and other large pelagic fish speciesin the Indian Ocean Region” inassociation with FAO and INFOFISH.

The activities of this workshopwere of a pilot scale in nature todemonstrate quality/safetymanagement of their landings andproducts ensuring better remunerationto the fishermen engaged in tunafishing. The series of workshopcommenced at Tuticorin on 13thAugust 2012 and covered Nagapattinamand Vizag region and culminated during23 – 25 August 2012 at Kochi.

TuticorinThe two day workshop at

Tuticorin was from 13th to 14th August2012, which included thedemonstration of on board handlingof Tuna fish and a plant visit to M/s.Jude Foods India (P) Ltd, NorthThamaraikulam, Kanyakumari District.The workshop at Tuticorin wasinaugurated by Mr. N Ramesh,Director (Marketing), MPEDA. Dr.Karunasagar Iddya, Senior FisheriesOfficer FAO, Rome, Mr. R AmalXavier, Joint Director, Department ofFisheries, Government of Tamil Nadu,


Tuticorin and Mr. D Durai Raj,President, SEAI, Tamil Nadu Regionattended the ceremony.

The sessions of the workshopwere handled by Mr. N Ramesh, Dr.Karunasagar Iddya, Mrs. Jeyashakila,

Mr. N Ramesh, Director (M) addresses the participants

Associate Professor, Fisheries College& Research Institute, Tuticorin and Ms.Shirlene Anthonysamy, INFOFISH.

Mr. Francisco Blaha, the FisheriesConsultant from New Zealand gave alecture on regulatory framework forTuna marketing, catch documentation,Traceability system and quality issues.He explained about the differentmethods of slicing tuna fish with theobjective of upgrading the quality ofseafood.

During the 2nd day of theworkshop, the participant team visitedthe Tuticorin fishing harbor, whereMr. Francisco Blaha gave practicaldemonstration of on board handlingof tuna to more than 150 Fishermen.At the demonstration, the traditionalJapanese method of paralyzing andbleeding a freshly captured fish, whichshould be stored with slurry of ice tomaximize its quality for consumptionas raw meat, was explained. With a 22-kilogram tuna fish, Mr. Blahademonstrated as to how to slice thefish, which has a considerable exportmarket value in countries abroad. Assoon as fishes were caught, thesemethods of processing should becarried out onboard the vessel itself,he added.

Mr. N Ramesh, advised all thefishing vessel owners to have scientific

Mr. K Rajendramany, Asst. Director, MPEDA speaks during the inaugural ceremony

A view of the audience

FOCUS AREA


toilet in their fishing vessels to maintaincleanliness, which is the key to qualityassurance in fishing vessels. Besides,the quality of ice for the upkeep offreshness had to be maintained, at allcosts.

In the processing unit of M/s.Jude Foods India (P) Ltd, Mr. Blahademonstrated the proper handlingmethods of Tuna in the processingplant to maintain its quality at plantlevel which included the observationon raw material choice.

Mr. K Rajendramany, AssistantDirector, MPEDA, SRO Tuticorin, Mr.R Balasubramanian, State Coordinator,NETFISH, MPEDA, SRO Tuticorin,Mr. C Ravindran, Retired JointDirector of Fisheries and officialsfrom Fisheries Department andQuality Control sector also attendedthe 2 day workshop.

NagapattinamThe second Workshop and

demonstration was held atNagapattinam on 16th August 2012.About 115 fishermen participated inthe workshop. The workshop wasformally inaugurated by Dr. IddyaKarunasagar, Senior Fishery Officer,

Mr. Francisco Blaha, Fisheries Consultant demonstrates tuna slicing at Tuticorin

FAO, Rome. In his inaugural address,Dr.Karunasagar stressed on the needfor proper handling of tuna duringtuna fishing. Further, he advised thefishermen to focus on Sashimi gradetuna which fetches more price thanordinary tuna, in the export market.

Earlier, Shri K J Antony, DeputyDirector, MPEDA HO, Kochiwelcomed the gathering. In hiswelcome address, Mr. Antony hasinformed that MPEDA had assisted681 fishing vessels under the schemeof conversion of fishing vessels totuna long liner, of which, 639 fishingvessels are solely from Tamil Nadu. Healso explained about the purpose ofthe workshop.

Dr. Iddya Karunasagar inaugurates the workshop at Nagapattinam

FOCUS AREA

A view of the audience at Nagapattinam


Mr. Francisco Blaha demonstrating tuna processing at Nagapattinam

While offering felicitationaddress, Ms.Shirlene Anthonysamy,INFOFISH opined that thisworkshop will definitely help thefishermen to improve the handlingmethods of tuna right from thefishing to shore. Mr. Subburaj,Jt.Director of Fisheries,Nagapattinam also spoke on theoccasion. The lectures on varioustopics were handled by Mr. FranciscoBlaha and Dr. Iddya Karunasagar.

Mr. A Jeyabal, Deputy Director,MPEDA, Chennai proposed vote ofthanks.

There was a demonstration ofonboard handling and processing oftuna by Mr. Francisco Blaha. Theentire programme was translated intoTamil by Mr. Senthil Kumar, Asst.Professor, College of Fisheries,Thanjavur.

VisakhapatnamThe 2-day workshop at

Visakhapatnam was held on 18th and21st August, 2012. Dr. M I SuryaPrakash, Senior Executive Director ofNFDB inaugurated the Programme,which was presided over by Mr. NRamesh, Director (Marketing),MPEDA. Dr. M M Prasad, Principal

Shri N Ramesh, Director (M) speaks during the workshop at Vizag

Mr. Francisco Blaha, FAO Expert deliberates

FOCUS AREAConsultant, FAO, Rome and Mr.Padmanabham, Regional President,SEAI, AP Region were speakers onthe occasion.

Power point presentations onvarious subjects were handled by Dr.Karunasagar Iddya, Ms. ShirleneAnthonysamy, INFOFISH, Dr. M KVenu, NIFPHATT, Kochi, Mr. NRamesh, MPEDA and Mr. FranciseoBlaha, FAO expert. The faculty alsohad interaction with participants andtheir doubts were also cleared.

On the last day, Mr. FransiscoBlaha demonstrated on boardhandling of tuna and processing inthe processing Hall of NationalInstitute of Fisheries Post-Harvest

Scientist and Scientist in Charge,CIFT, Vizag, Dr. Karunasagar Iddya,


FOCUS AREA

Technology and Training(NIPHATT), Visakhapatnam. 126persons participated in theprogramme. The workshop in generaldeliberated on quality requirements ofsashimi grade tuna, how to avoid poorfish handling and storage, need toupgrade know-how, quality/safetyassurance and assessment, traceabilityand chain of custody and improvedutilization of by-catch and waste forfood and feed purpose.

KochiThe workshop at Kochi was

inaugurated by Ms. Leena Nair IAS,Chairman, MPEDA on 23rd August2012. Chairman in her presidentialaddress recollected various efforts ofMPEDA in promotion of tuna fishing

and handling. Dr. Peter ErvinKenmore, Country Representative,FAO, India who was the Guest ofHonour on the occasion appreciatedthe efforts of MPEDA in promotionof tuna fishing and processing. He hasalso narrated theactivities of thisproject and alsoenlightened therequirement ofo n b o a r dhandling of tunain maintenanceof quality forsashimi grade.During theoccasion, Dr. TK SrinivasaGopal, Director,

thanks. Mr. P Mohanasundaram,Director, MPEDA was also present onthe occasion. Various other dignitariesfrom fisheries research institutes,MPEDA officials, representatives ofseafood exporters and technologistsfrom seafood processing units werepresent on the occasion.

The workshop saw eminentspeakers from FAO, INFOFISH,CIFT and NIFPHATT throw morelight on various aspects of tuna fishing,handling and processing. About 75processing and quality controltechnologists representing more than50 seafood processing plants and aboutMs. Leena Nair, Chiarman, MPEDA inaugurates the workshop at Kochi

Presidential address by Ms. Leena Nair IAS, Chairman, MPEDA

CIFT and Dr. S Girija, Director,NIFPHATT delivered felicitationaddresses. Mr. N Ramesh, Director(M), MPEDA gave the welcomeaddress while Dr. Iddya Karunasagar,FAO, Rome proposed the vote of

Mr. N Ramesh Dr. T K Srinivasa Gopal Dr. S Girija Dr. Iddya Karunasagar


Address by Mr. Peter Ervin Kenmore, Country Representative, FAO, India A view of the audience

FOCUS AREA

60 fishermen attended the workshop.The workshop was aimed to givespecific and focused encouragementon tuna handling and processing ofvarious value added products fromtuna and their export marketing in

various destinations.The organization of all the

workshops were coordinated by Mr. KJ Antony, Deputy Director, MPEDAKochi. It is envisaged that theworkshops will give specific and

focused encouragement on tunahandling and processing of variousvalue added products from tuna andtheir export marketing in variousdestinations.


Barriers to achieve low-impact fuel-efficientfishingThe issue

Most fishing techniques in usetoday have their origin in an era whenfisheries resources were abundant,energy costs were much lower thancurrent levels, and less attention waspaid to the negative impacts of fishingon aquatic and atmosphericecosystems. Current high energy pricesand greater awareness of ecosystemimpacts are now realities and presentmajor challenges to the viability offisheries, particularly in developingcountries where access to andpromotion of energy-efficienttechnologies have been limited.However, as illustrated in this article,which is largely based on a paper bySuuronen et al., each type of fishinggear and practice has advantages anddisadvantages, and the suitability ofeach gear type depends considerablyon the operational conditions and onthe species to be targeted.

The impacts of fishing gear onecosystems vary widely. Overall, theseimpacts largely depend on: the physicalcharacteristics of the gear; themechanics of its operation; where,when and how the gear is used; andthe extent of its use. Moreover, geartypes that rank high for one kind ofimpact may rank low for another.Physical damage to the environmentmay also result from the inappropriateuse of an otherwise acceptable gear.Only a small number of fishingmethods are recognized as inherentlydestructive no matter how they areused, prime examples being explosivesand toxins. It should also be kept inmind that in spite of the fact that manyfisheries are highly selective, fishers areoften not capable of catching only thedesired target species. When poorly

selective fishing occurs, it leads to theincidental catch of fish andinvertebrates, part of which mayconsist of juveniles of ecologicallyimportant and/or economicallyvaluable species. In addition, fishingcan also result in the incidentalmortality of non-target species ofseabirds, sea turtles and marinemammals, as well as causing damageto vulnerable ecosystems, such ascoldwater corals, which can take manydecades to recover.

With regard to greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions, insufficientattention has been paid to the fisheriessector as a whole and to fishingoperations in particular. Consequently,it is difficult to rank fishing gear andpractices in terms of GHG emissions.However, using the consumption offuel as a proxy for total GHGemissions can provide a good estimate.It is also a fact that, notwithstandingthe provisions of existing internationalconventions, the quality of availablefuel is not constant worldwide withregard to sulphur content.

It is noteworthy that life cycleassessments show that significantenergy consumption and GHGemissions occur after the catch is takenon board and more so after landing,owing to fish processing, cooling,packaging and transport. Thus,minimizing the impacts and energyconsumption throughout the wholeproduct chain would be important toreducing the overall environmentalcosts of fishing.

Possible solutionsThe fishing sector should strive to

further lower its fuel consumption anddecrease ecosystem impacts. Despite a

growing number of initiatives andexperimentation with energy-reducingtechnologies, there is currently noviable alternative to fossil fuels formechanically powered fishing vessels.However, it is well demonstrated that,through technological improvements,gear modifications and behaviouralchange, the fishing sector cansubstantially decrease the damage toaquatic ecosystems, reduce GHGemissions (which is a legal obligationfor governments under existinginternational conventions) and loweroperational costs for fuel withoutexcessive negative impacts on fishingefficiency.

SOLUTIONS BY FISHINGOPERATIONDemersal trawling

Trawls are flexible gear and canbe used on many types of areas andgrounds, in shallow and deep waters,and by small and large vessels for awide range of target species. Thesecharacteristics have made trawling thepreferred method for many fishers,and it may be the only short-termeconomic solution for capturing, forexample, certain shrimp species.However, bottom trawling has beenidentified as one of the most difficultto manage in terms of bycatch andhabitat impacts.

There are many techniques andoperational adaptations available toreduce the drag and weight of thebottom trawl gear and, thereby, toreduce significantly fuel consumptionand sea-bed impacts without markeddecrease in the catch of the targetspecies. Fuel savings of 25–45 percentand gear-drag reductions of 20–35percent have been reported.

FOCUS AREA


A new semi-pelagic low-impact and selective trawl gear (CRIPS-trawl) thatis under development in Norway

However, in general, furtherwork is needed to improve theconstruction of different componentsof trawl gear in order to minimizefriction on the bottom and to reduceoverall gear drag. In this regard, thereis further potential to developtechnologies in which the force oftrawl doors and ground gear on thesea bed is automatically measured andadjusted by instrumentation. In thecase of beam trawls, progress hasbeen made in recent years bydeveloping alternative gear designs. Inessence, the objectives are to reducethe amount of tickler chains, avoidexcess weight in the beams, and useother stimuli (e.g. electric pulses) asan alternative to chains to scare thetarget fish off the bottom and intothe net. The use of acoustics, light orany other additional stimuli toenhance encounters by target species

within the catching zone of trawl netsis worth exploring.

The use of improved location andtargeting of fish with the help ofelectronic seabed mapping tools andintegrated global navigation satellitesystems has resulted in avoidance ofsensitive bottom habitats and helped

Smart trawling: reduced seabed damage of bottom trawling

to minimize fishing effort and fuelconsumption. Multibeam acoustictechnology, widely used in sea-bedexploration, has been successfullyapplied, for example, to mappingscallop beds off the east coast ofCanada, thereby substantially reducingthe time required to locate the groundsand the actual fishing time.

Bottom seining

Bottom seining (Danish, Scottishand pair seining) is generallyconsidered to be a moreenvironmentally friendly and fuel-efficient fishing method than bottomotter trawling. The gear is lighter inconstruction and the area swept issmaller than in bottom trawling.Moreover, because there are no trawldoors or heavy ground gear, there isless force on the sea bed. The light gearand low hauling speed mean that fuelusage can be significantly lower thanfor a comparable trawling operation.Bottom seine nets are generally alsoregarded as having low impact onbenthic invertebrates. However, thehigh bycatch of both undersizedindividuals of the target species andindividuals of non-target species canbe a problem in some seine fisheries.

Trap-net

Trap-nets are passive fishing gearthat are usually set on traditional sites

FOCUS AREA

Active selectivityReal-time camera observationsof size and species compositionand active mechanism torelease unwanted catch

Monitoring fish and gearReal-time observationssystems for informeddecision by skipper

Sound beam


in the path of migrating fish inrelatively shallow coastal waters.Leader-netting herds and guides fishinto a holding chamber or poundwhere they are entrapped. Thepontoon trap is a more recentinnovation and offers variousadvantages compared with traditionaltrap-nets such as being easy totransport, handle and haul, adjustablein terms of size, target species andcapture depth, as well as beingpredator-safe. Future developmentsmay include large-scale, ocean-basedfish traps together with the technologyto attract fish. Modern trap-netfisheries can be energy efficient,flexible, selective and habitat-friendly,providing catches of high quality as thecatch is usually alive when broughtaboard the vessel. Live captureprovides the operator with a greaternumber of options to add value to thecatch. However, designs and practicesneed to be developed to prevent theentangling of non-fish species innetting and mooring ropes of the trap.

Pots

A pot is a small transportable cageor basket with one or more entrancesdesigned to allow the entry of fish,crustaceans or cephalopods, andprevent or retard their escape. Pots areusually set on the bottom, with orwithout bait. While pot fishing vesselsin general have low fuel use, some potfisheries have high fuel use owing tothe need to tend fleets of many potsand lifting them more than once a day,necessitating travelling at high speedover long distances.

Pots are extensively used in thecapture of crustaceans such as lobsterand crab. Although the use of pots forcapturing finfish has a long traditionin many parts of the world, it hasprogressively declined. Nevertheless,pots are still an efficient andeconomically viable fishing method for

finfish. They are also successfully usedin fisheries targeting coral-reef speciesinhabiting areas where the use of activegear is banned or not practical.

Recent tests with collapsible potshave shown promising results forAtlantic cod in Canada and for pinkcusk-eel (Genypterus blacodes) inArgentina. A floating pot developed inScandinavia provides another exampleof an innovative pot design that hasshown significant potential. Floatingthe pot off the bottom allows the potto turn with the current so the entrancealways faces down current, resulting ina higher catch rate of cod. It alsoavoids non-target catch of crabs andmay also reduce the seabed impactscompared with a pot sitting on thebottom. The same type of floating pothas successfully been tested in theBaltic Sea as an alternative to the gillnetfishery for cod, where there are seriousproblems with depredation by seals.

Compared with many other typesof fishing gear, pots, like trap-nets,possess several appealingcharacteristics such as low energy use,minimal habitat impact, high qualityand live delivery. On the negative side,

lost or abandoned pots may continuecatching target and non-target species(ghost fishing) and contribute tomarine debris with associated effects.Design features such as biodegradablematerials may reduce ghost fishing,while delayed surface marker buoys andlocation aids may promote the recoveryof lost gear. Understanding fishbehaviour in relation to pots is essentialin order to increase efficiency for thosespecies that are currently not capturedby pots in commercially viablequantities.

Hook and line

Hook and line refers to gear towhich fish, squid or other species areattracted by natural or artificial bait orlures placed on a hook, on which theyare caught. Wide variations in hook andline configuration and their mode ofoperation have made them an effectivegear type for a wide variety of species.It is a versatile fishing method,employed by a wide range of vesselsfrom artisanal boats to largemechanized longliners. Hook and linefishing is generally considered anenvironmentally friendly but labour-intensive fishing method that catches

A floating pot

FOCUS AREA


fish of high quality. Fuel consumptionin these fisheries is comparatively lowalthough it can increase significantlydepending on the distances vesselshave to travel to and from the fishingground (e.g. coastal hook and linefisheries versus high seas tunalonglining). Longline fishing may causethe incidental mortality of seabirds, seaturtles and sharks, many of which areeither protected or endangered. Thelines can be set with a streamer in orderto deter seabirds from seizing thebaited hooks – this system is reportedto have led not only to a reducedmortality level of sea birds but also tohigher catch rates of the target species.There are several other mitigationmeasures capable of reducing thelikelihood of incidental bycatch ofseabirds and sea turtles, such as the new“circle hook” and “weak hook”. Whilebottom-set longlines may snag anddamage benthic epifauna and irregularobjects on the bottom, longlinefisheries do offer the potential toconduct fishing without severe habitatdamage and to do so in a relativelyenergy-conscious manner.

Gillnetting

Bottom-set gillnets, entanglingnets and trammelnets are widely used,and improved materials and techniqueshave allowed the expansion of suchgear to rougher grounds (includingwrecks and reefs) and deeper waters.Gillnetting is a very versatile andflexible fishing method but can also belabour-intensive. Except withtrammelnets, the size selectivity forfinfish is generally good, but speciesselectivity can be poor. In addition, fishare often injured and die duringcapture; accordingly, catch quality istypically not as good as with pots, trapsand longlines, although gillnets mayalso give catch of good quality whenthe time the net is left in the water tofish is short.

Gillnet fishing operations ingeneral can damage benthic epifaunaduring retrieval of the gear, at whichtime the nets and leadlines are morelikely to snag bottom structures.Although the capture of seabirds, seaturtles and marine mammals by gillnetshas received increased attention inrecent years, more development workis required to develop mitigationmeasures further.

The impacts of ghost fishing byabandoned, lost or otherwise discardedgillnets are of concern as such nets maycontinue to fish for long periodsdepending on their construction, thedepth, and prevailing environmentalconditions. This problem can beaddressed by increasing efforts to avoidlosing gillnets and by facilitating thequick recovery of lost nets. Abandonedgillnets have been identified as aparticular problem in deeper watersand where long lengths of gear aredeployed.

Barriers to changeThere are many barriers to the

transition to low-impact and less fuel-intensive practices and gear. Insummary, the most important seem tobe:

· lack of familiarity with cost-effective and practical alternatives;

· limited availability of suitabletechnologies, especially indeveloping countries;

· incompatibility of vessels withalternative gear;

· risk of losing marketable catch;· additional work at sea;· concerns with safety at sea related

to using unfamiliar gear orstrategies;

· high investment costs;· lack of capital or restricted access

to capital;· ineffective technology

infrastructure support;· inflexible fisheries management

systems that include too rigidregulatory regimes.

With regard to inflexiblemanagement systems, regulatoryregimes that are too rigid can create anew set of problems to be solved anddeny fishers the flexibility required toinnovate and adopt new technologies.In this regard, stakeholders should bean integral part of the managementprocess, particularly as and whenamendments to legislation are underconsideration. Changes from high-energy high-impact fishing methods orpractices to ones with lower energyconsumption and lower ecosystemimpacts offer opportunities forconserving fuel, preserving ecosystemsand improving food security. However,the transition from one gear type toanother is seldom easy or practical.First, the size and design of existingfishing vessels and their machinery andequipment often limit the possibilitiesof changing the fishing method.Second, fishing gear, fishing vessels,operations and practices have evolvedaround specific fishing grounds andthe behaviour of target fish speciesover a considerable period.Accordingly, the evolved fishing gearand practices are “tailor-made” to catchspecific target species or species groupsin a manner that is often perceived tobe optimized to the best technical andeconomic scenarios that will beencountered during fishing. Moreover,where fishing practices are rooted intradition there is a strong resistance tochange.

Nevertheless, fuel consumptionand ecosystem impacts can often bereduced through simple modificationsin operational techniques and geardesign without drastic changes in thegear and operational practices. Thisapproach has shown promising results

FOCUS AREA


in many cases and is often preferredby the fishing industry overtransitioning to a completely new geartype and fishing practice, which is analternative that has many moreuncertainties and higher economicrisks.

RECENT ACTIONSEnvironment

International conventions includetimetables for compliance regardingemissions of nitrogen oxides fromdiesel engines of over 130 kW and newfishing vessels are required to comply.Morevoer, as a consequence ofresearch and development (R&D) onenergy-saving technologies carried outby designers of machinery and fishingvessels and gear, there are signs thatthe fishing industry has begun toimprove its fuel efficiency.Nevertheless, fuel continues to be themajor cost of operation in capturefisheries and further refinements tofuel quality, such as lowering thecontent of sulphur oxides andparticulate matter, could well lead toeven higher fuel and lubricating-oilcosts. This may have an even greaterimpact on the fishing industry indeveloping countries wheremechanization continues to increase,although it will also strengthen thedrive for fuel efficiency.

Bycatch and discardsThe seriousness of the impacts

related to bycatch and discards hasbeen recognized by the internationalcommunity and in particular throughthe endorsement of the InternationalGuidelines on Bycatch Managementand Reduction of Discards at theTwenty-ninth Session of the FAOCommittee on Fisheries in 2011. Thereis a range of tools to manage bycatchand reduce discards, includingtechnological measures to improve theselectivity of fishing gear. The declines

in the bycatches and discards in manyfisheries have mainly been the resultof introducing effective gearmodifications and bycatch reductiondevices. However, there remainsconcern about the impacts ofunaccounted fishing mortalities suchas ghost fishing by abandoned, lost orotherwise discarded fishing gear andthe fact that such gear may also causeenvironmental damage.

Furthermore, at the sixty-secondsession of the Marine EnvironmentProtection Committee of theInternational Maritime Organization(IMO) in July 2011, Annex V of theInternational Convention for thePrevention of Pollution from Ships1973/78 (MARPOL) was amended toprovide a regulation for the loss offishing gear that may be a substantialthreat to the environment or the safetyof navigation to be reported to the flagState, and, where the loss occurs inwaters under the jurisdiction ofanother coastal State, to that State. Thisregulation is supported withinguidelines for the application of AnnexV currently under revision.

OutlookWith continued exposure to rising

fuel prices and little or no significantprice increases at the point of first salefor catches, capture fisheries willprobably continue to suffer decliningprofitability. Moreover, if resourceabundance remains static, somebottom trawl and dredge fisheries maybecome uneconomic (although passivegear and seine net fisheries may be lessaffected). As demersal trawl fishingaccounts for a significant part of thetotal catch destined for direct humanuse, there could be an adverse affecton global fish supply and food security,at least in the short term.

With medium-term forecastsindicating a high likelihood of furtherand steady increases in fuel prices, as

indicated by the International EnergyAgency, the future of the fishingindustry is challenging. An increase insulphur-oxide-emission control areas(the most recent being adopted by theIMO in 2011) would add to the costof fuel for vessels operating in suchzones.

The fishing sector will no doubtstrive to lower its fuel consumption,reduce its carbon footprint, anddecrease ecosystem impacts. Althoughthe continuation or expansion of fuelsubsidies would reduce immediatecosts, this is less acceptable. To helpthe fisheries sector achieve significantand permanent reductions,governments will most probablystrengthen their fisheries sector energypolicy and create an enablingenvironment in which fishingindustries can rapidly andcomprehensively adopt low-impactfuel-efficient (LIFE) fishingtechnologies and practices. Thedevelopment and adoption of suchfishing techniques offer scope formaintaining the long-term profitabilityand sustainability of capture fisheriesworldwide.

With fossil fuels remaining thedominant energy source, pursuingenergy efficiency in capture fisheriesmay generate benefits by reducingoperating costs, controlling GHGemissions and minimizingenvironmental impacts within theaquatic environment. However, thesuccess of this transition will dependheavily on the response ofgovernments to the implementation ofinternational conventions togetherwith a positive reaction from theengine manufacturing sector, fuel-oiland lubricating-oil producers and thefishing industry (including themanufacturers of fishing gear). Thiscould lead to the development andapplication of suitable and acceptable

FOCUS AREA


measures to conventional fisheries andcreate an appropriate catalyst forchange in the behaviour of fishers. Ofequal importance are initiatives such aspursuing the modification of existinggear types and the development oflowresistance towed fishing gear withminimal impact within the aquaticenvironment. In some cases, it may benecessary to switch to completely newgear types or practices in order toenable LIFE fishing.

However, to be effective, thiswould require global R&D priorities tobe established and work undertaken insupport of the development and

uptake of LIFE fishing. These include:· promoting and funding studies of

cost-effective gear designs andfishing operations, including theestablishment of technologyincubators and other public–private sector initiatives tocommercialize economicallyviable, practical and safealternatives to conventionalfishing methods;

· analysis and review of bestpractice operations acrossfisheries;

· improvement of technical abilityamong fishers;

· establishment of appropriateincentives;

· industry compliance withinternational conventions;

· execution of robust but flexiblefishery policies that support thetransition to alternativetechnologies.

Finally, close cooperation betweenthe fishing industry, scientists, fisheriesmanagers and other stakeholders willbe fundamental to the development,introduction and acceptance of LIFEfishing technologies.

Source :the fishsite

OFI Book on International Transport of Live Ornamental Fish

Ornamental Fish International (OFI) has publishedan updated and expanded edition of the book

“International Transport of Live Fish in theOrnamental Aquatic Industry”.The editors of the book are AlexPloeg, Robert R Hensen and SveinA Fossa. The book contains ninechapters namely Description of theSupply Chain, Preparation forTransport, Fish PackagingTechniques, The volume of theOrnamental Fish Trade, Import andExport Legislation, Receptionprotocol of Ornamental Fish, Facts onMortality with Shipments ofOrnamental Fish, Invasive AlienSpecies, Bio security and the OFI HealthCertificates tool.

Chapter on the supply chaindescribes the different chains in theornamental fish industry viz. wild harvest,captive breeding, export business, transporters, importers,transhippers and retailers. Chapter on Preparation forTransport, Fish Packaging Techniques includes packagingsystems, Principles of fish transport, Fish packagingtechniques, Conditioning for transport, Management of

water quality and Acclimatisation and Recover of Fishafter shipment. While chapter on the Volume of the

Ornamental Fish Trade details about Statisticsand development in exports, chapter onImport and Export Legislation mentionsabout different type of legislations likeCustoms legislation, Animal Welfarelegislation, Species protection legislationand Animal Health Legislation. Chapter onReception Protocol of Ornamental Fishdeliberates Receipt of the Fish,Quarantine Procedures and ProphylacticTreatments for different fishes. Chapteron Facts on Mortality with Shipmentsof Ornamental Fish covers the causesfor mortality, and a comparison of fishmortality against gross profit margins.Chapters on Invasive Alien Speciesand Bio security are very informative.The last chapter describes the tool

developed by OFI for the onlinegeneration of health certificates by giving relevantinformation inputs. Text matter of the book is wellsupported by tables, figures and photographs. This bookwill be useful to ornamental fish industry, researchers,academicians and to scientific community alike.

FOCUS AREA

Book Review


Exposure visit to Kolkata for ornamental fishentrepreneurs from Assam

The Sub Regional Office ofMPEDA at Guwahati organised

a 2-day interstate exposure visit toKolkata participating sevenornamental fish entrepreneurs fromAssam and three from West Bengalduring August 2012. The team wasguided by Dr. T R Gibinkumar, DeputyDirector, SRO, Guwahati. Theprogramme was coordinated by theKolkata center of Central Institute ofFisheries Education (CIFE) at SaltLake City in West Bengal. Theprogramme included one day theorycum practical training at CIFE and afield visit to one of the MPEDAassisted ornamental fish breeding unit.

The training programme wasinaugurated by Mrs. AshaParameswaran, Joint Director,MPEDA, RO Kolkata at CIFE. Dr. TR Gibinkumar, Dr. B K Mahapatra,OIC, CIFE, Dr. Subhendu Datta,Senior Scientist, CIFE, Mr. P K Patra,Programme Coordinator and Mrs.Subalaxmi Das Banerjee, ProgrammeManager (OFD), West Bengal werepresent during the occasion.

Various theory and practicalclasses on ornamental fish werehandled by the scientists of CIFE, thatincluded Introduction to breeding andculture of ornamental fishes, Waterquality management, Artificial feedpreparation, Live feed culture anddisease management. ProgrammeManager (OFD), West Bengal hadbriefed the MPEDA schemes and thepoints to be noted during various

stages of construction of breedingunits for availing subsidy fromMPEDA.

On the second day, a field trip wasarranged to M/s Prayag OrnamentalFish Breeding Unit at Rajendranagar,Naihati, a unit that is assisted byMPEDA. The participants were ableto observe and comprehend thestructure, layout and variouscomponents required in an ornamentalfish breeding unit. The participantsalso got an opportunity to see differentornamental fish species available in theunit and the basic activities involvedin an ornamental fish breeding unitsuch as water exchange, tank cleaning,waste removal, live feed culture,feeding, breeding activities etc.

The participants were veryenthusiastic and expressed their sinceregratitude towards MPEDA fororganising such a useful, informativeand motivating tour programme andall are hopeful towards establishingtheir own ornamental fish breedingunits in Assam.

FOCUS AREA

L-R : Dr. T.R. Gibin Kumar, Dy. Director, Mrs. Asha C Parameswaran, Jt. Director, MPEDA,Dr. B.K. Mahapatra, OIC, CIFE and Mrs. Suba Laxmi Das Banerjee, Programme Manager (OFD)

Training in progress at CIFE, Kolkatta


Indian delegation visits Japan on Ethoxyquin issue

Consequent to the sudden decisiontaken by the Japanese Food and

Safety Authority to impose thecompulsory testing for Ethoxyquin inthe shrimp consignments receivedfrom India on the basis of a defaultstandard of 0.01 ppm, the CommerceSecretary Shri. S R Rao immediatelysent a delegation led by Ms. Leena NairIAS, Chairman MPEDA, Dr. S KSaxena, Director EIC and Dr. M KRam Mohan, Deputy Director,MPEDA to Tokyo to try and resolvethe situation.

The delegation had meetingswith the Director General,Department of Food Safety,Pharmaceutical and Food SafetyBureau, Mr. Koji Miura in theMinistry of Health Labour andWelfare and other senior officials ofthe department including the twoDirectors of the MHLW concernedwith the issue –Mr. Hideshi Michinoin charge of Import Food Safety,Inspection and Safety division and Mr.Hiroshi Moriguchi Director Standardsand Evaluation division.

The discussion began by recallingthe excellent cooperation between thetwo countries for the last 60 years andthe necessity for resolving any issuesin the matter of the recent decision ofthe Department of Food Inspectionof the Quarantine Division, Ministryof Health, Labour and Welfare(MHLW), to start examining theshrimp consignments from India forEthoxyquin adopting the defaultstandard of 0.01 ppm. The Chairman

MPEDA pointed out that the decisionwas sudden and without any notice toIndia and that the default standardfixed by the MHLW was not based onany scientific studies on safetyevaluation, nationally or internationally.It was also pointed out that there areno International norms / MRLs fixedfor Ethoxyquin in shrimps by theUSFDA, USEPA, Regulations of theEU and the Codex as there wasinsufficient scientific evidence to showthat Ethoxyquin was unsafe as therewas no threat to human health. Thestudies done by these countries had notthrown up any risk warranting thefixing of an MRL for fish and Shrimp.It was also mentioned that even Japanpermits an MRL of 1.0 ppm for fish.

Fishmeal forms an importantcomponent of feed for shrimps. Inorder to protect the feed from ranciditya large range of anti-oxidants areauthorised. Ethoxyquin is one of themost popular and effective anti-oxidantbeing used the world over as it is mosteffective in stabilizing fish meal. Infactmaritime rules and the rules of someother countries mandate its use to

QUALITY FRONT

Chairman, MPEDA and Director EIC in discussion withHer Exellency Ambasador of India to Japan

The delegation meets Japanese seafood importers


prevent combustion (in transport) andrancidity (causing harm to the animals/ pets etc.). Therefore Ethoxyquinfinds its way into shrimps through theaqua feeds given to them.

The Indian delegation impressedupon the Authorities the gravity of thesituation arising out of this suddendecision of the Japanese inspectingagency. As an immediate measure itwas requested to fix MRLs forEthoxyquin in shrimps only afterconducting proper safety studies andshould not be imposed at a default levelof 0.01 ppm. It was also requested thattill the studies are conducted andconcluded, the MRL applicable to fish(1.0 ppm) as per Japanese guidelinesmay be permitted for all shrimps whichhave been received and are going tobe received shortly. This would underno circumstances adversely affect theconsumer safety in any way in Japan.

In view of the gravity of situation,the delegation along with theAmbassador of India, Her ExcellencyMrs. Deepa Gopalan Wadhwa also metMs. Yoko Komiyama, the JapaneseMinister for Health, Labour & Welfare.The Ambassador effectively conveyedto the Hon’ble Minister the issue and

requested for an urgent interventionin the matter. She also requested theHon’ble Minister to issue instructionsfor keeping the orders for checking ofEthoxyquin at the default standard inabeyance temporarily. The Chairman,MPEDA after explaining the situationin detail also requested the Hon’bleMinister to look at the issuecompassionately as the life of morethan 50,000 aqua farmer families wasinvolved apart from that of theexporters. A great deal of distresscould be avoided if orders were issuedto temporarily adopt the MRLapplicable for fish (1.0 ppm) in Japan.While the Hon’ble Ministeracknowledged the seriousness of thesituation she informed that the entireissue had already been referred by herto the Food Safety Commission whichis the nodal agency for giving adviceon the matter. She also assured thatdecisions will be taken soon but sincethe decisions had to be taken withintegrity, it will necessitate followingthe procedure.

The delegation had a detaileddiscussion lasting over two hours withthe Directors of different Divisions inthe Department of Health, Labour and

Welfare. The general sense of whatthe Minister had conveyed wasreiterated by the Heads of theDepartments. During the course ofthe discussion, the officials were notable to give complete and full repliesto many of the queries especially withregard to protocols of testing,validation and other technicalparameters raised by the Indian side.

The meeting with the technicalcommittee was followed with ameeting with the Food SafetyCommission led by Mr. Hideki HongoDeputy

Director General. The FoodSafety Commission confirmed that theissue had been referred to them by theHon’ble Minister on the preceding day.The Delegation made a fervent appealto Food Safety Commission officialsto resolve the issue quickly.

The delegation also met theJapanese Importers and reassuredthem that a solution would soon befound to the whole issue and requestedfor their co-operation in the matter.The matter is being followed up byboth the Embassy of India in Japan,MPEDA and Ministry of Commerce.

QUALITY FRONT

Delegation along with H.E. Mrs. Deepa Gopalan Wadhwa, Ambassador and other Embassy Officials meetMrs. Yoko Komiyama, Hon’ble Minister of Health, Labour and welfare, Japan


AQUACULTURE SCENEDigestibility of fishery by-products tested on shrimp

A study demonstrated thatbyproducts prepared from

salmon livers, salmon milt, black codviscera and arrowtooth heads andviscera from Alaskan fisheriesprocessing plants were easily digestedby shrimp. These byproducts alsocontained a high level of protein or/and lipid and therefore are consideredgood candidates as ingredients oradditives for shrimp feed. The by-products from pollock bones and crabcarapaces and viscera, however, hadpoor digestibility, according toresearchers from the Oceanic Instituteand USDA ARS. Taken from the GlobalAquaculture Advocate, a GlobalAquaculture Alliance publication.

With the rapid global expansionand increased production of

The experiment was conducted in an indoor flow-through water system with a seriesof 550-L polyethylene tanks.

aquaculture, increases in aquatic feedproduction are challenged by theavailability of traditional ingredientssuch as fishmeal and fish oil, andenvironmental sustainability.Therefore, alternative ingredients arebeing explored to replace traditionalingredients to meet the demands of thefast-growing feed industry. Forexample, utilization of by-productsfrom different industries in aquaticfeeds is becoming attractive.

Beyond the nutritionalcomposition of an ingredient and itseffect on palatability, digestibility isoften a concern in aquatic feeds. In astudy funded through a grant from theU.S. Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research Service and acooperative agreement with theUniversity of Alaska – Fairbanks, theauthors determined the digestibility ofsix fisheries by-products in shrimpfeed.

Table 1. Proximate composition of fishery by-productsused in the digestibility trial

Menhaden fishmeal 82.9 201.0 603.3 105.2 17.9Pollock bones 127.8 416.4 380.9 40.8 10.0Tanner crab carapaces an viscera 49.4 282.4 358.6 87.0 12.9Pink salmon livers 102.7 41.4 686.3 102.0 20.9Pink salmon milt 95.3 83.9 814.6 48.9 18.8Arrowtooth heads and viscera 112.8 105.0 329.7 370.7 24.4Black cod viscera 293.3 73.2 421.7 208.9 19.7

Table 2. Apparent digestibility coefficient of shrimp diets

Diet DryMatter (%)

Protein(%)

Lipid(%)

Energy(%)

Trial 1Reference 60.0 + 1.1c 85.7 + 0.4bc 91.8 + 0.3c 76.6 + 0.6bc

Pollock bones 33.2 + 1.3a 78.3 + 0.6a 88.0 + 0.8b 67.9 + 0.9a

Crab carapaces and viscera 49.3 + 1.4b 77.7 + 1.0a 87.5 + 0.9b 68.1 + 1.1a

Pink salmon livers 61.6 + 1.3c 84.8 + 0.4b 78.3 + 0.9a 74.0 + 0.8b

Pink salmon milt 60.1 + 0.3c 87.9 + 0.2c 88.6 + 0.5b 77.7 + 0.2c

Trial 2Reference 58.7 + 0.8b 81.5 + 0.8a 88.4 + 0.7ab 75.6 + 0.8a

Arrowtooth heads and viscera 54.8 + 0.6a 79.3 + 0.6a 89.7 + 1.3b 76.5 + 0.6a

Black cod viscera 57.9 + 1.1ab 84.2 + 0.5b 86.0 + 0.6a 74.9 + 0.9a

Different letters within the same column indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

Ingredient Moisture(g/kg)

Ash(g/Kg)

Protein(g/Kg)

Lipid(g/Kg)

Energy(g/Kg)


Digestibility StudyAlaska has the largest number of

fisheries in any United States state. Itsannual fisheries production totals 1.84mmt, and processing generatessignificant amounts of by-products.Previous research by the authorsdemonstrated that some fisheries by-products contained significantamounts of nutrients and exhibited astimulating effect on shrimp fed plantprotein-based diets.

For this digestibility study, sixAlaskan fisheries by-products fromprocessing plants in Kodiak, Alaska,were supplied by the University ofAlaska’s Fishery Industrial TechnologyCenter (Table 1). A reference dietcontaining 40.0% protein and 9.0%lipid was formulated with 34.2%menhaden fishmeal, 32.7% wholewheat, 12.5% soybean meal, 6.0% vitalwheat gluten, 5.0% brewer’s yeast,2.5% squid meal, 2.0% soy lecithin,1.6% menhaden oil, 1.0% chromicoxide and 4.5% other ingredients,including vitamins and minerals.Chromic oxide was used as a markerto estimate digestibility.

The test diets were formulated byreplacing the reference diet with 30%byproduct. The diets were milled to apellet size of 2.4 x 4 mm.

The digestibility trial wasconducted in an indoor system withflow-through water and a photoperiodwith 12 hours light and 12 hours dark.Four replications were used for eachdietary treatment. In trial 1, 6-g shrimpwere stocked at 100/tank, and in trial2, 14-g shrimp with 75 shrimp/tankwere stocked. Shrimp were fed 10% ofbody weight for two hours before fecalsamples were collected. Water qualitywas monitored during the trials, withtemperature at 26.5 ± 0.2° C, salinityat 31.0 ± 0.3 ppt, dissolved oxygen at6.0 ± 0.3 mg/L, pH at 7.8 ± 0.1 and

total ammonia nitrogen below 0.08mg/L.

Nutrient CompositionProximate composition analysis

of the tested by-products showed thatthe salmon livers and milt meal hadhigher protein levels than menhadenfishmeal (Table 1). The rest of the by-products had lower protein levels thanthe fishmeal, but still containedsignificant levels of crude proteinranging from 35 to 42%.

The crude protein level for theblack cod viscera could be increasedfrom 42 to 50% if moisture could beremoved from the product. Some by-products, such as the arrowtooth headsand viscera, and the cod viscera, werefound to be rich lipid sources. The by-products from crab carapaces andviscera, and pollock bones had veryhigh ash content. All the by-productsexcept pollock bones and crabcarapaces/ viscera contained highergross energy than the fishmeal.

Apparent DigestibilityThe apparent digestibility

coefficients (ADCs) of the test dietsshowed that the diets containingsalmon livers or milt had the samedigestibility as the reference diet, exceptthat the lipid ADC was lower than forthe reference diet (Table 2). The ADCsof test diets containing pollock bones

or the crab carapaces and viscera weresignificantly lower than the ADC forthe reference diet. The ADCs ofnutrients for the diets with arrowtoothheads and viscera or black cod viscerawere similar to the ADC of thereference diet.

Among all by-products, the ADCfor crude protein was the highest forthe salmon milt, followed by those forthe black cod viscera and thearrowtooth heads and viscera, whichhad values similar to that for thesalmon liver (P > 0.05) (Figure 1). Thepollock bone and crab carapace andviscera treatments exhibitedsignificantly lower ADC values forcrude protein than the other by-products did.

The ADC values for crude lipidwere significantly lower for the pollockbones and salmon livers than the otherby-products (Figure 2). Although notpresented, the ADC values for grossenergy were lower for the pollock boneand crab carapace/ viscera treatmentsthan those for the remaining by-products used in the test.

PerspectivesThe study demonstrated that

byproducts from salmon livers andmilt, black cod viscera, and arrowtoothheads and viscera were easily digestedby Pacific white shrimp. These

Apparent Digestibility Coefficents (%)

Mean apparent digestibility coefficents of crude protein for the test ingredients.Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

TT

T

TT T

100

80

60

40

20

0Bone Crab Liver Milt Viscera Heads and

Viscera

aa

b

cbc bc

AQUACULTURE SCENE


by-products are also rich in proteinand/or lipids.

Previous studies have shown thatsupplementation of these by-productsin shrimp feed stimulated feeding inshrimp fed a plant protein-based diet.Therefore, based on evaluation of theproximate compositions of the by-products and their effects onpalatability and digestibility in shrimp,the by-products can be consideredgood candidates as ingredients oradditives for shrimp feed. Investigationof their effects on the growthperformance of shrimp will be neededto further support this conclusion.

The low digestibility of pollockbones and crab carapaces and visceracould be due to the high level of ashin these byproducts. The authors’

Apparent Digestibility Coefficents (%)

Mean apparent digestibility coefficents of crude lipids for the test ingredients.Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

previous studies also showed that theseby-products had no stimulating effecton shrimp feeding. Therefore, under

current conditions, the by-products arenot good candidates for ingredients inshrimp feed. Source : thefishsite

100

80

60

40

20

0Bone Crab Liver Milt Viscera Heads and

Viscera

T

a

bbb

a

b

TT

T T T

Training programmes organised by field offices ofMPEDA

Detection of chemical / antibioticresidues in export consignments

of shrimp, fish and allied products isa serious trade issue. Besides, theimporting countries and the buyersinsist a reliable certification system forthe food product so that the productsshall not contain harmful substancesas per the standards imposed by theimporting countries. The issue oftraceability of farmed shrimp is takenseriously. It has become therefore,imperative on the part of promotional/ governmental organizations toinform the farmers who are mostlysmall and marginal, that they have tomaintain highest quality standards forthe shrimp they produce and also tocollect Pre Harvest Testing (PHT)certificate, without which they wouldnot be able to sell their product toexporters/processors.

1) Sub Regional Center,KarwarThe Sub-Regional Centre of

MPEDA, Karwar has organised a five-day training programme on Eco-friendly and Sustainable Aquaculturefor SC/ST beneficiaries during August2012 at the Marine Fisheries Researcha n dI n f o r m a t i o nCentre TrainingHall, Bela,Ankola, UttarK a n n a d aDistrict. Twentyc a n d i d a t e sattended thet r a i n i n gp r o g r a m m e .The mainobjective of the

training programme was to encourageand educate the members of the SC/ST communities in promoting thedevelopment of shrimp aquacultureand other cultivable species.

The training was inaugurated byDr. Mansingh Naik, AssociateProfessor and Head of the

AQUACULTURE SCENE

A view of participants and trainers


Department, Marine FisheriesResearch and Information Centre,Bela, Ankola. Mr. Manjappa N,Assistant Professor and FarmSuperintendent and Dr. ChandrakantLingadhal, Assistant Professor ofMarine Fisheries Research andInformation Centre, Bela, Ankola werealso present in the inaugural function.Mr. R A Gupta, Deputy Director(Aqua) welcomed the dignitaries andhighlighted the role of MPEDA in thedevelopment of aquaculture in India.

Classes were conducted byefficient personalities on various topicssuch as site selection, pondconstruction, biosecurity measures,water preparation, hatchery techniques,seed selection, packing, transportation,acclimatization and stocking, waterquality management, feedmanagement, disease management,harvest and post harvest management,economics and marketing of shrimpaquaculture, Sea bass cage culture,Mussel culture, Organic Farming, CrabCulture, MPEDA schemes and BetterManagement practices.

A field trip was arranged for thetrainees to the farms in Harwada,Ankola. The training programme wasconcluded with valedictory function inwhich certificates were distributed tothose who have successfully completedthe training programme.

2) Sub Regional Center,KannurThe Sub-regional Centre

(Kannur) organized a campaign on the‘Abuse of banned antibiotics inAquaculture’ during August 2012 atPayyannur Block AgriculturalImprovement Cooperative Society LtdHall, Payyannur, Kannur District. Mrs.Elsamma Ithack, Assistant Director,MPEDA SRC, Kannur explainedbriefly on the withdrawal period ofantibiotics in cultured shrimp and theissues and consequences related to the

presence of banned antibiotics incultured produce while Inauguratingthe campaign.

During the discussion session, Mr.T Purushothaman, President, KeralaAquafarmer’s Federation pointed outthe multiple issues faced by shrimpfarmers in Kannur especially highercost of production and low price forthe produce. The campaign wasconcluded with the vote of thanks byMr. C Suresan, Secretary, KannurDistrict Aqua farmers Federation,Kannur. 10 farmers from Cherukunnu,Kannapuram, Payyannur,Kunhimangalam and Kandangali areaparticipated in the campaign.

3) Regional Center, Panvel

(A) MPEDA Regional Center, Panvelhas conducted an AwarenessCampaign on “Scampi Culture &aquaculture diversification” atBhormal village in Surgana Taluk,Nasik District during July 2012. 30fish farmers/beneficiaries in andaround Bhormal village participatedin the programme. Mr. Chintamani LKamdi, Sarpanch, Khokri and Mr.Narendra D Gavit, a progressivefarmer of Bhormal, Surgana Talukattended the campaign and addressedthe farmers.

Mr. Purusotham Sai, AssistantDirector, MPEDA welcomed theparticipants and assured full support/

Mrs. Elsamma Ithack , Assistant Director, MPEDA speaks toparticipants

cooperation fordevelopment of thescampi/fin fishfarming in this area.He also spoke on thediversification of finfish culture anddetailed the presentfinancial assistanceschemes.

At the end ofthe programme adiscussion was heldin which the doubts

raised by the participants were cleared.Dr. A Anand Kumar, Junior TechnicalOfficer (AQ), MPEDA proposed voteof thanks.(B) One more campaign againstantibiotics and on best managementpractices was organised at the farm siteof village Jalsar of Thane districtduring the same month, to make thefarmers more aware on BMP andagainst use of antibiotics and chemicalsin shrimp farms.

The campaign was attended by 12shrimp farmers. Mr. J Purusotham Sai,Assistant Director and Dr. A AnandKumar, JTO, MPEDA attended thecampaign and addressed the farmerson water/soil/seed quality throughregular monitoring/testing of differentparameters, procedures on pondbottom management, feedmanagement, use of probiotics,optimum stocking for higher returns,adverse effect of antibiotics/chemicalsin human health and on the export ofshrimp from the country.

The farmers were also madeaware of the best managementpractices of shrimp farming,traceability, Pre harvest testing,registration with the CoastalAquaculture Authority, Chennai andneed for compliance to the qualitystandards by the importing countriesstipulated from time to time.

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Mr. Harischandra Nana Gavad, aprogressive farmer of the locality whospoke on the occasion appreciated thesteps taken by MPEDA for thecampaign and requested MPEDA toconduct 3-day training programme inthe area for the benefit of the shrimpfarmers. He has also narrated theproblems of shrimp farmers in theregion i.e., availability of only substandard seed by the agents, poorinfrastructure facilities in the shrimpfarming areas etc. and asserted thatthe farmers of this area are not usingany antibiotics for shrimp culture andmost of the farmers are usingprobiotics if required.

Leaflets on Antibiotics andguidelines on Abuse of Antibiotics inAquaculture, Standards of Inputs &

manual on BMP etc., in Marathi weredistributed among farmers. Farmersexpressed their happiness for attendingsuch a programme and thankedMPEDA for organizing the campaignin their region.

(C) A Training Programme on “BestManagement Practices in shrimpFarming” was conducted duringAugust 2012 for 20 shrimp farmers atvillage Jalsar, Taluka: Palghar, Dist:Thane for the benefit of farmers fromnearby farming area viz; Jalsar,Chikalpada, Ranjanpada, Virthan,Safala & Vitalwadi.

Shrimp farms are beingconstructed scientifically but themethod of farming practice is not upto mark & farmers are not adoptingany BMP / Code of Practices for

better production in Jalsar/Safalalocality except few entrepreneurs. Since2 years white spot disease ispredominant in the area due to badfarming practices/seed quality/lack ofgood management practices. Keepingin view it was decided to organize a 3-day Training Programme in the locality.

During registration leaflets /manual on local vernacular weredistributed among farmers.The Inaugural programme wasattended by Mr. J Purusotham Sai,Assistant Director, Mr. K Sivarajan,Assistant Director, MPEDA, RCPanvel, Mrs. Nita Bhoir, Sarpanch,Jalasar, Smt Vrushali Gawad, Member,Jalsar Gram Panchayat and Dr AAnand Kumar, JTO(AQ), MPEDA.

The lectures were handled by Mr.

AQUACULTURE SCENE

L-R: Mr. Chintamani L Kamdi, Sarpanch, Khokri, Surgana Taluk,Mr. J Purusotham Sai, Asst. Director, MPEDA and Mr. N D Gavit,

progressive farmer of Bhormal village

A view of participants

L-R: Mr. J Purusotham Sai, Asst. Director, MPEDA, Mrs. Nita Bhoir,Sarpach, Jalsar, Smt Vrushali Gawad, Member Jalsar GramPanhayat and Mr. K Sivarajan, Asst. Director View of trainees in training programme


Maruti D Yaligar, Deputy Director,Mr. J Purusottam Sai, AssistantDirector and Mr. K Sivarajan, AsistantDirector (AE), MPEDA. Mrs.NitaBhoir, Sarpanch, Jalsar appreciatedMPEDA for conducting trainingprogramme. Mrs. Vrushali Gawad,Member, Jalsar Gram Panchayat alsospoke on the occasion.

Other faculty were Mr. HirenGohil, JTO (ELISA Lab), Palghar, DrA Anand Kumar, JTO (AQ), MPEDAand Mr. Nanda Kumar Patil, AFDO,Palghar. Mr. Harish Chandra Gawad,a progressive farmer of Jalsarappreciated the role of MPEDA inpromotion of shrimp farming in theState, and thanked MPEDA fororganizing the training programme inJalsar area while assuring to form anaqua society in near future. Thetraining certificates to the participantswere distributed on the last day.

4) Sub Regional Center,KolkattaTo make the shrimp farmers of

West Bengal aware on the bannedantibiotics/chemicals MPEDAorganized a series of campaigns on“Abuse of Antibiotic in Aquaculture”in the State during August 2012.

The fifth campaign of the annualseries was organized at village

Mohanty, JTO,M P E D Aparticipated in thecampaign andaddressed thefarmers.

The seventhcampaign wasorganized at village:Raydighi, South 24Parganas. Mr.Sibasish Mohanty,JTO (Aqua) and Mr.Pradip Kumar Das,Field Assistant ofMPEDA guided thefarmers on varioustopics.

The topicscovered includedthe importance ofengineering aspectat the time ofpreparation ofpond for betterm a n a g e m e n t ,adoption of betterfarm managementpractices, ill effectsof the abuse of

AQUACULTURE SCENEantibiotics and banned chemicals, useof probiotics, ongoing MPEDAschemes, recent trends in aquaculture,developments in shrimp markets,formation of “Aqua Society” in eachfarming cluster, CAA registration, useof PCR tested hatchery producedseeds, Pre Harvest testing of shrimpsetc.

Leaflets on Antibiotics andguidelines on use of “Antibiotics in theAquaculture” in Bangla vernacularwere distributed among farmers.Farmers expressed their happiness forattending such a programme andthanked MPEDA for organizing thecampaign in their region and expressedthe desire to attend similarprogrammes.

Farmers are listening about “Abuse of Antibiotics in Aquaculture”at Dholkhali, South 24 Parganas

A view of the Awareness Campaign at Sandeshkhali, South 24Parganas

Dholkhali, South 24Parganas, which wasattended by 44 farmers. Mr.Sachidananda Adhikari,Head Master of DholkhaliFP School, Mr. Dhirit Ekka,Assistant Director (AE) andMr. Sibasish Mohanty, JTO,MPEDA participated in thecampaign and addressed thefarmers.

The sixth campaign wasorganized at village:Sandeshkhali, South 24Parganas. 32 farmers

attended the campaign. Mr. PalashKumar Singha, President, FutureGroup of Sunderban, Mr. Dhirit Ekka,Assistant Director and Mr. Sibasish

Mr. A S Patil, Director, M/s Pancham Aquaculture (P)Ltd distributing certificates to the trainees


Temperature affects shrimp survival, feedconversion

Lab trials at Kasetsart University found shrimp consumed more feed at the highertemperature but did not grow faster than shrimp held at a lower temperature.

Temperature changes can alter thegrowth, survival and feed

conversion of cultured Pacific whiteshrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Toexamine the effects of temperature onthese performance factors, Dr ChalorLimsuwan, Kasetsart University, andDr Carlos A. Ching, performed studieswith shrimp in the laboratory as wellas at an intensive culture farm. Takenfrom the Global AquacultureAdvocate, a Global AquacultureAlliance publication.

Laboratory TestsLaboratory trials at Kasetsart

University in Thailand compared howtwo experimental temperaturesaffected Pacific white shrimp. Animalsaveraging 12 g each were stocked intoaquariums with a salinity of 25 ppt at10 animals/aquarium. During the firstpart of the trial, feed was given at 3%of shrimp body weight in three dosesof 1%/day at 29° C, while at 33° C,feed was given ad libitum for twohours.

Three replicates were made foreach temperature and feed dose. Then,in the second part of the labexperiment, feed consumption wascompared for three experimentalgroups:

Group 1 – Temperature 29 ± 1°C and feeding at 3% body weight

Group 2 – Temperature 33 ± 1°C and feeding at 3% body weight

Group 3 – Temperature 33 ± 1°C and feeding at 36.5% more than 3%body weight.

Laboratory results indicated thataverage feed consumption was 36.5%higher at 33 than at 29° C (Table 1),

although growth was similar at bothtemperatures (Table 2). However, at33°, survival was lower due todeterioration of the water quality.Levels of ammonia-nitrogen andnitrite-nitrogen were higher (Table 3),thus giving this group the highest FCRdue to low survival. Also, when feedwas restricted to 3% of body weightat 33°, growth was lower, indicating theshrimp needed more feed to attainnormal growth at this temperature.

Table 1. Feed consumption of L. vannamei atdifferent temperatures under laboratory conditions.

FeedingTime

Feed Intake (g) (33+1OC) Feed Intake (g) (29+1OC)

Replicate 1 Replicate 2 Replicate 3 Replicate 1 Replicate 2 Replicate 3

Day 1 8 a.m 1.70 1.70 1.60 1.20 1.20 1.201 p.m 1.60 1.60 1.70 1.20 1.20 1.206 p.m 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.20 1.20 1.20

Day 2 8 a.m 1.53 1.53 1.60 1.20 1.20 1.201 p.m 1.65 1.65 1.55 1.20 1.20 1.206 p.m 1.63 1.63 1.65 1.20 1.20 1.20

Average 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.20 1.20 1.20

Field TrialsField trials took place at an

intensive culture farm in Naozhou dao,Guandong Province, China. Six pondswith an average area of 0.25 ha werestocked at an average of 144 shrimp/m² to evaluate temperature and feed

demand during the July-Septembercycle.

A commercial feed table was themain reference for the daily feed doses.Feeding adjustments were made basedon evaluation of leftover feed infeeding trays and/or intestine colorchecks using a technique described byDr. Carlos Ching. In Ching’s method,overfeeding is identified when morethan 10% of the guts sampled showthe brownish color of artificial feed

one hour before feeding. Underfeedingis suspected when intestines showmore than 40% blackish color fromnatural food one hour after feeding.

Temperature and feedconsumption data were taken over 40days. Days 21 to 40 had higher

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Table 2. Performance of L . vannamei at two experimental temperaturesunder laboratory conditions. Values in the same column followed by different

letters are significantly different (P<0.05)

ExperimentalGroup

AverageBody

Weight (g)

Survival(%)

Weight Gain(g./day)

Feed-Conversion Ratio

Group 1 (29OC) 20.00 + 1.25a 96.00 + 4.00a 0.20 + 0.02ab 1.82 + 0.04a

Group 2 (33OC) 18.20 + 1.98b 91.67 + 0.57b 0.17 + 0.21a 1.84 + 0.30a

Group 3 (33OC) 20.80 + 2.15a 65.33 + 11.55b 0.22 + 0.14b 2.71 + 0.10b

Table 3. Concentrations of Ammonia-Nitrogen and Nitrite-Nitrogen duringtemperature trials under laboratory conditions. Values in the same column

followed by different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).

RearingPeriod (days)

TemperatureTreatment

Group 1 (29OC) 0.61 + 0.90a 4.67 + 0.59a

7 Group 2 (33OC) 1.34 + 0.29b 4.07 + 1.48a

Group 3 (33OC)+) 0.86 + 0.29a 4.45 + 1.57a

Group 1 (29OC) 0.67 + 0.21a 7.49 + 0.88a

14 Group 2 (33OC) 1.02 + 0.33a 3.47 + 3.82ab

Group 3 (33OC)+) 0.91 + 0.42a 1.79 + 1.63b

Group 1 (29OC) 0.67 + 0.72a 5.73 + 8.04a

21 Group 2 (33OC) 1.08 + 0.72a 66.67 + 23.09b

Group 3 (33OC)+) 1.50 + 0a 80.00 + 0.87b

Group 1 (29OC) 0.25 + 0a 3.30 + 4.12a

28 Group 2 (33OC) 1.08 + 0.72a 58.20 + 37.41b

Group 3 (33OC)+) 1.58 + 1.37a 79.97 + 1.31b

Group 1 (29OC) 1.17 + 1.58a 1.17 + 0.75a

35 Group 2 (33OC) 1.52 + 0.03a 79.67 + 0.86b

Group 3 (33OC)+) 2.00 + 0.87a 80.83 + 0.58b

Group 1 (29OC) 0.67 + 0.72a 0.93 + 0.57ab

42 Group 2 (33OC) 2.83 + 0.29b 1.46 + 0.23a

Group 3 (33OC)+) 2.25 + 0.90b 0.63 + 0.57b

Group 1 (29OC) 2.08 + 1.58a 0.28 + 0.02a

49 Group 2 (33OC) 4.83 + 0.28a 78.73 + 2.36b

Group 3 (33OC)+) 3.16 + 1.75a 0.57 + 0.25a

Ammonia - Nitrogen(mg/L)

Nitrite-Nitrogen(mg/L)

temperatures, and days 41 to 60 hadlower temperatures. Shrimp weightswere sampled every few days todetermine the average daily gains.

At average temperature rangesfrom 30.5 to 33.2° C during days 21to 40, feed consumption was 30%above the amount suggested by thefeed table, while at averagetemperatures from 28.6 to 30.4° Cduring days 41 to 60, consumptionwas similar to the table values (Table4). On the other hand, average dailyweight gains were similar during thewhole production cycle (Table 5), butfeed-conversion ratios were higher(1.64) for days 21 to 40 than the 1.26average value at the lowertemperatures of days 41 to 60.

Water deterioration was observedduring the high-temperature period.Layers of dead microalgae appeared onthe surface of the pond, and organicmatter increased on the bottom. Thisis due to higher feed doses at highertemperatures, where feed suppliedexcess nitrogen and phosphorus to thepond and caused increases in algae.

Later, when temperaturedecreased and feed doses were lower,the dead microalgae disappeared. Itwas also observed that at highertemperatures, dissolved- oxygenconcentrations decreased but werenever below 3.0 mg/L.

Table 4. Feed consumption during two periods of the same production cycle in the intensiveculture of L. vannamei. Values in the same column followed by different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).

PondNumber

MinimumTemperatureRanges (OC)

MaximumTemperatureRanges (OC)

Feed AmountAbove

Table Values

MinimumTemperatureRanges (OC)

MaximumTemperatureRanges (OC)

Feed AmountAbove

Table Values

Days 21 - 40 Days 41 - 60

2 30.6 + 1.50a 330 + 1.20a 30.1% + 4.9a 28.8 + 1.21a 30.7 + 1.15a 1.5% + 0.6a

4 30.8 + 3.33b 33.6 + 3.60b 29.1% + 9.9b 28.4 + 1.55a 30.0 + 1.33a 3.7% + 1.8b

6 30.0 + 1.85a 32.7 + 1.43a 29.5% + 4.5a 28.1 + 0.90a 29.9 + 1.52a 1.6% + 0.5a

8 30.8 + 1.10a 33.5 + 0.96a 31.2% + 5.3a 28.9 + 1.70a 30.7 + 1.24a 1.3% + 0.4a

10 30.4 + 1.76a 33.1 + 1.12a 29.7% + 5.0a 28.3 + 1.30a 30.0 + 0.98a 0.8% + 0.2a

12 30.7 + 1.90a 33.5 + 1.03a 30.2% + 5.5a 29.3 + 3.01b 30.8 + 2.99b 1.4% + 0.3a

Average 30.5 33.2 30.0 % 28.6 30.4 1.70%

Source:thefishsite

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A previous article by the Instituteof Marine Affairs (IMA) gave an

overview of aquaculture in Trinidadand Tobago and the challenges facedby this industry. Now a newtechnology used at the IMA for moresustainable and profitable aquacultureventures is featured.

Aquaculture as a vibrant andprofitable industry is still in thedevelopmental stage locally. Food fishculture is constrained and its fulleconomic potential still unrealised,partly due to adherence to traditionalpond-based systems with its myriad ofenvironmental and security concerns.

Local and international demandfor fish and fish products, coupled withdeclining stocks, as well as the need todiversify the local economy, demand amore innovative approach toaquaculture to achieve profitability asa business venture.

The IMA conducted research inculture technologies for freshwaterfood fish, like tilapia and cascadura andis now planning for mariculture speciesas a means of fast-tracking thedevelopment of the local aquacultureindustry.

Re-Circulating AquacultureSystems (RAS) is a fast growing field,both in terms of research and forcommercial activities. The advantagesof a RAS over pond-based systems arethat this system can be used where landis limited, water scarce or whenambient environmental conditions arenot suitable for the cultured species.However, given its more intenseapproach high stocking densities andvery controlled environmental

Re-circulating aquaculture systems-innovative technologies in Tilapia Farming

conditions, risks are higher and thereare costs associated with appropriateback-up systems.

The RAS is essentially a closedproduction system that re-uses morethan 85 per cent of its water forcontinuous production and which canbe incorporated into other agricultureproduction systems, such asaquaponics.

In 2009, the Institute teamed upwith the Seafood IndustryDevelopment Company (SIDC) toimplement a pilot project of the RASfor intensive fresh water tilapiaproduction adapted to local conditions.Imported YY or super male tilapiafrom Swansea, UK were crossed withSwansea red, silver and IMA-bred redhybrid females to produce theoffspring used in the productionsystem. The genetically male tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus, and redhybrid t i lapias were used todemonstrate the technical andeconomic feasibility of commercialproduction, with a view toencouraging entrepreneurs andinvestors. A handbook, technicalreports and a demonstration facilityfor industry users were other outputsanticipated from the pilot project.

All treatment processes involvedin a RAS, as well as its management,are not unique to aquaculture but areclosely related to wastewater treatmentsystems used for a range of domesticas well as industrial applications. Thegeneral design of this system allows forflexibility and ease of management andrequires minimum inputs of manuallabour except at times of sampling andharvesting.

The basic components of a RASare the culture tanks, mechanical filtersfor solids removal, biological filters forbreakdown and removal of excretorywastes, aeration and re-circulation ofthe water. In addition, gas removal ofcarbon dioxide and ammonia,pumping and disinfection devices suchas ultra-violet filters, ozone generatorsand foam fractionation for bacteria andother solids removal are considered.

The tilapia RAS, located at theIMA’s facilities in Chaguaramas,consists of a covered shade-house ofapproximately 740 m2 with ten 30,000-litre circular production tanks andother tanks which serve as sumps forwater treatment and recirculation. Inaddition, there are two mechanicalfilters for solids removal as well as eight3,000-litre moving bed bio-filters fornitrification. A secured control roomto house pumps, blowers, feed timer,alarm system and data logger wasconstructed from a 6.09 m (20-ft)shipping container while another wasretro-fitted for feed storage.

In the pilot stage of the project,fish were fed a complete ration of 42-35 per cent imported crude proteinover a 180-day production cycle.Market size fish were purged with cleanwell-water for a minimum of 24 hoursbefore final harvest. Approximately5,564 kg (12,255 lbs) of harvested fishwere distributed by the SIDC towholesalers, retailers, processors andother end-users in 2010 and 4,967 kg(10,941 lbs) in 2011. Up to May of thisyear, production was approximately16,782 kg (36,694 lbs).

Re-circulating aquaculturefacilities are fully contained and can

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be located in rural or urban areas andin most warehouses. Site selection isnot dictated by proximity to a naturalsource of water but rather by thebusiness opportunity. The RAS canbe modified to accommodate thespecies for target markets andenvironmental conditions can bemonitored and controlled to fit therequirements of the species ofinterest.

PERIODICALS

1 PRIME Weekly (Price Indicator for Marine Products) 350.002 MPEDA Newsletter 300.00

3 Chart on Commercial Fishes of India 75.00

4 MPEDA Act, Rules & Regulations 25.00

5 Statistics of Marine Products 2009 550.00

6 Seafood Delicacies from India 100.00

7 Indian Fishery Hand Book 250.00

8 Product Catalogue 150.00

9. Commercial fin fishes and shell fishes of India 125.00

9 Handbook on Ornamental Fish Diseases 50.00

10 Water Quality in the Ornamental Aquatic Industry - Serial 1 125.00

11 International Transport of Live Fish in the Ornamental Aquatic industry Serial - 2 125.00

12. Live Food Culture for the Ornamental Aquatic Industry - Serial 3 125.00

13 Biosecurity in the Ornamental Aquatic Industry - Serial 4 125.00

14 Ornamental Fish Breeders / Traders Directory 25.00

15 Directory of Exporters of Marine Products 75.00

16 Directory of Exporters of Marine Products (Interactive CD) 50.00

Price List of MPEDA Publications / PeriodicalsAnnual

Subscription(Rs.)

PERIODICALS

PUBLICATIONS Price Per copy(Postage extra)

RAS have strong ‘g reencredentials’. Products are promotedas sustainable because, as closedsystems, they abstract little waterfrom natural water bodies andproduce minimal effluent discharges,thereby reducing the potentialimpacts from pathogens and fishrelease into natural water courses. There is also improved bio-securitywhich reduces the risk of disease

outbreaks and eliminates losses topredators. Research continues at theIMA into Re-circulating aquaculturesystems for the production ofcommercial marine fish such ascobias, snappers and groupers.

Paul Gabbadon, Senior ResearchOfficer, Fisheries and AquacultureResearch Programme.

Source:Trinidad & Tobago Express

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NEWS SPECTRUMHealth benefits of seafood

Seafood is part of staple diet formany Indian communities living incoastal regions. But what makes thisdelectable seafood nutritious? We layout the facts about the health benefitsof seafood and different kinds of fishthat is beneficial.

Proteins: What is the otherprotein substitute for chicken, beefand pork? Yes, it is fish. Seafood is agood source for proteins. The addedbonus to consuming fish is that thecreatures of the deep sea, and ofcourse rivers, are low in saturated fats.You don’t have to worry aboutavoiding it as with pork, beef andchicken. It is lean ‘meat’ all the way tothe bone.

Omega 3: Omega 3 fatty acids area favourite with health enthusiasts -they can boost energy as well as reducethe signs of aging. Do you know thesecret to glowing and healthy skin? Noit’s not lotions, creams and chemicalproducts. But the secret lies in Omega3 fishes like salmon, sardines andmackerel. Hold up, that’s not all, webreak down health benefits of Omega3 and the health benefits of seafood.

Heart disease: Seafood isconnected to the heart; well the truthis Omega 3 fatty acids can protect yourheart and reduce blood triglyceridelevels. It is quite a hearty solution toheart disease. But deep down you do

realise that change in diet is one partof reducing your chances with thesilent killer. You still have to exerciseand burn it out as you eat healthy.

Pregnancy: Research endorsesthe importance of Omega 3 fatty acidsduring pregnancy. Mothers arerecommended to consume properlycooked fish in their third trimester.Some studies claim that these healthyfatty acids can improve the intelligenceof the baby. Fish also reduces thechance of premature birth. It is bestto consult your doctor on the amountof fish you consume and which fish ishealthy for mother and baby.

Eyes: Carrots are known toimprove eyesight, this is ingrained inour minds since childhood. You cannow consume fish to improve youreyes. A little known fact about seafoodis that it boosts our vitamins andminerals intake, thus giving us betterand sharper eyesight.

Muscles: You need proteins aftera workout? Try fish instead of land

animals, the taste is unique, cooks in ashort period of time and helps inbuilding and recovery of muscles. Nowthat you have focused on brawns, doesfish help in improving grey cells?

Brain: Seafood is considered tobe a brain food by many. Some studiessuggest that if pregnant womenconsume seafood in pregnancy, theirchildren have chances of developinghigher IQs. However, these studies areinconclusive and speculative at best.One is better off believing that thenutritious benefits of eating healthyseafood lends toward preserving goodmental health as well.

Mental health: Seafood has the‘power’ and the components to reduceyour chances of dementia, Alzheimer’sand depression. Yes, depression islinked to low level of Omega 3.

India’s best seafood:

- Indian Salmon or raavas- Sardines or trale- Mackerel or bangda- Tuna or chura- Sting ray or waghole- Spanish Mackerel or surmai- Shark or moree- Squid, calamari or samudra pheni- Carp fish or rohu- Prawns or jhinga- Pomfret

- Times of India

New Director for CFTRIProf. Ram Rajasekharan has been appointed as the

director of Central Food Technological Research Institute(CFTRI), Mysore, which is part of the Council ofScientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). He has takencharge early this month from the acting director, Dr GVenkateswara Rao.

Prior to this appointment, Prof. Rajasekharan was thedirector, Central Institute of Medicinal and AromaticPlants, Lucknow. Earlier he was professor, departmentof biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore,and visiting professor, School of Science, MonashUniversity, Sunway Campus, Malaysia. finbnews


Fisherfolk pitch for harbour at Ennore CreekFed up with bringing home small

catches and at times nothing, thefisherfolk of 12 fishing villages innorth Chennai are planning to writeto the State government seeking toconstruct a fishing harbour at themouth of the Ennore Creek. Theproposal is an old one, which thefisherfolk are planning to renew.

Former MLA T Arumugam, whobelongs to Nettukuppam had alsoraised the issue during a recent meetingwith the Tiruvallur districtadministration.

“It was a proposal that had beenmooted in 2001. Many fishermenwould benefit from it. If the estuaryhad been converted into a fishingharbour, it would have prevented thesea erosion in Nettukuppam,” he said.

The fishermen opine that insteadof constantly dredging the mouth toensure free flow of water for thethermal power stations, they couldconstruct two arms that would helpsand accumulation on either side.

They say that since the sea off thecoast of Ennore has become veryrough, most of them are forced to goto Kasimedu, their nearest fishingharbour, which is 15 km away.

“The presence of the Chennaiport and the Kasimedu harbourhas only pushed the waves furthernorth, making fishing tough for us.Not many of us have big boats. Ittakes about 45 minutes to an hourto cross 200 metres of waves nearthe coast,” said M. Kalaivanan ofNettukuppam.

Those who have big boats keepthem at Kasimedu. “We are afraid toleave them there but we have no othergo. If there is a fishing harbour atEnnore, we would be able to fishthroughout the year. We will only haveto stop deep sea fishing during the 45-day ban,” said Rajendran ofEnnorekuppam.

And for those travelling toKasimedu, apart from problems posedby the distance, there is also the issueof the cost involved.

“We pay Rs. 400 to transport thefish in iceboxes to share autorickshaws.Similarly to carry our nets, boxes, food,water, light and other stuff toKasimedu , we have to pay through ournoses,” said L. Madanagopal ofKattukuppam.

NEWS SPECTRUM


Workshop on ‘Networking Opportunities for Entrepreneurs’

The Business Incubation Centre(BIC) of Central Institute of FisheriesTechnology (CIFT), Cochin conductedone day Workshop on ‘NetworkingOpportunities for Entrepreneurs’, on14th August, 2012. The Workshop wasmeant for building relationship of theincubates and entrepreneurs with thepublic sector, funding bodies andpolicymakers. It was also aimed atincreasing awareness and improvingthe understanding of the role ofGovernment in promoting business inFood Processing & Fisheries Sector.

Eminent speakers, Smt. K MVeena, Joint Director (Development),MPEDA, Cochin, Dr. C K Murthy,

Executive Director (Technical),National Fisheries DevelopmentBoard, Hyderabad, Shri Abdul Jaleel,Food Safety Officer, FSSAI,Ernakulam, Shri Martin P Chacko,Assistant Director (Food), MSME-DI,Thrissur, Shri Shivdas B Menon,Managing Director, Sterling Group ofCompanies, Shri R Shivakumar, Co-ordinator, Food Processing Division,KINFRA, Cochin and Ms. AsheySusane, Assistant Manager, State Bankof India, Agri-Commercial Branch,Ernakulam addressed the incubates onpromotional schemes available fromtheir respective organizations. Twentytwo incubates/prospective

entrepreneurs participated in theWorkshop.

Dr. T K Srinivasa Gopal, Director,CIFT, Cochin conferred theintroductory remarks at the Workshop.Dr. C N Ravishankar, PrincipalInvestigator, BIC & Head, FishProcessing Division, CIFT, Cochinwelcomed the gathering while Dr. AA Zynudheen, Senior Scientist and Co-PI of BIC, CIFT delivered the vote ofthanks. The entrepreneurs also visitedthe Pilot Plant where Dr. GeorgeNinan, Senior Scientist and Co-PI ofBIC detailed them on the various fishprocessing lines and facilities availableto them for pilot

Dr. T K SrinivasaGopal, Director, CIFT, Cochin, delivering theintroductory remarks

Business incubatees attending the workshop

Fisherfolk to receive real-time ocean data from waverider buoy

A new wave rider buoy deployedoff the Kodiakkarai coast will nowprovide satellite-enabled, real-timeocean state forecast to fisherfolk.

The wave rider buoy, deployedjointly under the aegis of the M.S.Swaminathan Research Foundationand INCOIS, Hyderabad, will mark a

significant shift in the critical oceanstate information from forecast to real-time data for stakeholders.

Wave rider buoy is a sea-monitoring system integrated withINSAT. The buoy will gauge seaconditions, from wave patterns, swellsand depths to sea temperature, and

transmit the data as real-timeinformation via satellite to the earthstations. Here, INCOIS and MSSRFwill be the receiving stations of thereal-time information from the buoys.The processed date will include oceanweather forecasts on high wave alertsand cyclonic surges.

Sources in the FisheriesDepartment said that the departmentwould look into the request of thefisherfolk and determine if the project

would be feasible and financially viable.

“We are already in the process ofconstructing a fish landing centre atEnnore to improve the trade in that

area. The work is expected to becompleted soon. We will consultexperts regarding the request from thefishermen,” the official said.

The Hindu

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Top 20 health benefits of fish oilOmega-3 helps in maintaining

normal healthy cells from mutatinginto cancerous tumors and restrainunwanted cellular growth.Normalize cholesterol

One of the main benefits of fishoil is that it helps in regulatingcholesterol levels.

The presence of EPA (EicosaPentaenoic Acid) and DHA (DocosaHexaenoic Acid) found in most highquality fish oil supplements helps inregulating cholesterol.Go slim; with fish oil

Fish consumption can be used tocure hypertension and obesity.

A study in Australia hasdiscovered that a weight-loss dietwhich includes a regular amount offish can be quite effective.Treatment of arthritis

Fish oil helps in treating arthritis.Prolonged use of the oil can beeffective in reducing and preventingarthritis pain. The relief, will not beimmediate, and may take days, weeksor even months to show results.Eye health

Omega-3 offers protectionagainst macular degeneration (AMD )of the eye and also reduces the risk ofdry eye syndrome.

Good sources of fish oil aremackerel, sardines, swordfish, oysters,salmon, and tunas. Here are 20important health benefits of fish oilthat everyone should know.Cardiovascular disease

Fish oil helps in preventingcardiovascular diseases.

Fish oil not only helps in loweringtriglycerides, hardening of the arteriesand cholesterol, but also preventscertain heart rhythm abnormalities.Cancer prevention

Fish oil has proved effectiveagainst three common forms of cancer- breast, colon and prostate.

The ocean state informationinvolves an array of critical inputs onwave pattern and swell, seatemperature, wave speed, wind speed,water currents, including cyclone alerts,in three-hour intervals as real-timedata. This is an upgraded departurefrom the forecast format to real-timereading of the ocean state by theVillage Resource Center of the MSSRFfor fisherfolk, as primary stakeholders.

Speaking to The Hindu , Velvizhi,Coordinator, Village Resource Centre,MSSRF, the buoy has been anchoredby a moor on the seabed, and the seawave data is gauged by anaccelerometer mounted on the buoy.The upheavals of the buoy register thewave patterns. The buoy will add valuefor the entire Palk Strait due to itslocation, providing better accuracy.Earlier, the radial coverage was 11.5 kmper unit.

Now the wave ride buoy is set tocover a radial distance of 1 km per unit,making it location specific, locallyrelevant owing to definitiveinformation, says Ms. Velvizhi.

This also marks a significant shift

from earlier forecasts for a six-hourperiod to real-time information basedon minute by minute informationtransmission in local language.

The buoy is equipped with twoantennae, one as a receptor to transmitsignals via INSAT to INCOIS andother to the local receiver station inVRC located at Vedaranyam. The buoyhas been deployed 10 km off theVedaranyam coast and at a depth of10 metres.

Technical support and financialsupport for deployment has beenprovided by INCOIS and deploymentfacilitated by the National Institute ofOceanography. INCOIS has alsoprovided the strategic and trainingsupport to the MSSRF in real timeforecast dissemination to fisherfolk.

The Kodiakkarai buoy will be firstin Tamil Nadu and sixth in the countryafter Port Blair, Kollam,Vishakapattinam, Ratnagiri,Puducherry, and Karwar.

The buoy presently deployed atPort Blair provides for lesser accuracydue to the gulf and bay-riddledshoreline of the Palk Strait.

Kodiakkarai, with its open coast, willenable the wave rider buoy to transmitaccurate information on wave forecastsfor the entire Palk Bay region. This isset to provide critical wave forecast andocean state information for fisherfolkof Nagapattinam, Pudukottai,Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, andRameswaram, says Ms.Velvizhi.

The MSSRF will disseminate OSF(Ocean State Forecast) informationthrough its Village Resource Centersand Village Knowledge Centers, andwill be clubbed with its existinghelpline on ocean state forecasts on9282442312.

Collector T. Munusamy flaggedoff the buoy that was transported viaa trawler from Nagapattinam toKodiakkarai.

Nancy, Director, Information,Education and Communicationdivision of MSSRF, was among thosepresent on the occasion.

· Is a sea-monitoring systemintegrated with the INSAT satellite

· Deployed jointly under the aegisof MSSRF and INCOIS, Hyderabad

-The Hindu

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Mental disordersFish oil helps in reducing the risk

of Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, andschizophrenia.Skin and hair health

Omega 3 helps lock moisture intoskin cells, produces collagen, alleviatesskin blemishes, and gives one ayouthful look.

The protein content in fish oilhelps in hair growth and maintainingstrong, healthy hair.High blood pressure

Omega-3 possesses antiinflammation and anti-coagulantproperties, which help in loweringblood pressure.

Blood is pushed more proficientlythroughout the body hence there is lesspressure exerted on the heart.Asthma

Fish oil is very effective forrespiratory problems like asthma. Ithelps in reducing asthma attacks andto breathe more easily.AIDS

Research conducted by theNutritional Sciences Program in

Lexington proved that fish oil helps inthe treatment of AIDS, as it helps inreducing triglycerides levelsNails

Fish oil can also be used incosmetic enhancement, as high intakesof fish oil can help improve the textureand quality of nailsHealth bones

Omega-3s found in fish oil helpsin regulating the balance of mineralsin bone and surrounding tissue.Depression

People suffering from depressionhave lower levels of EPA. Hence, fishoil is beneficial for those suffering withdepression.Happy pregnancy

Fish oil is good for pregnantwomen as the DHA present in it helpsin the development of the baby’s eyesand brain.

It helps to avoid premature births,low weight at birth, and miscarriage.Anti-inflammation

Fish is effective in reducinginflammation in blood and tissues.

Fish oil is effective in treatinggastrointestinal disorders, short bowelsyndrome and chronic inflammatorydiseases.Brain and nervous system

Fish oil also helps in improvingmemory, reasoning and focus.

It improves blood flow and mayeven affect hormones and the immunesystem, eventually affecting brainfunction.Protects against type 2 diabetes

A study has found that fish oil canprevent inflammation in fat cells whichcan lead to insulin resistance and,ultimately, type 2 diabetes.Acne

Fish oil is effective for acne aswell, because of its EPA properties,which influence the formation ofsebum in hair follicle.Improves your mood

In addition to decreasingdepression, fish oil has been shown toimprove mood swings.

-www.healthmeup.com

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Aquaculture production to grow by one-third by 2021Global seafood production is

projected to reach about 172 millionmetric tons (MT) in 2021, which wouldbe up 15 percent from the 2009-11average, according to a new reportfrom the United Nation’s Food andAgriculture Organization (FAO).

The increase in global seafoodproduction is expected to come mainlyfrom aquaculture production, which isprojected to grow 33 percent to 79million MT by 2021; wild fisheriesproduction is projected to grow only3 percent between 2012 and 2021.

However, the rate of aquacultureproduction is forecasted to slow, froman average annual rate of 5.8 percentin the previous decade to 2.4 percentbetween 2012 and 2021. The declineis attributed mainly to waterconstraints, limited availability ofoptimal production locations and therising costs of fishmeal and fish oil.

But, aquaculture will remain one of thefastest-growing animal foodproducing sectors.

The State of World Fisheries andAquaculture 2012 also revealed thatglobal seafood production for humanconsumption hit a record 128.3 millionMT, or an average of 18.4 kilogramsper person, in 2010. That’s up from123.6 million MT in 2009, 119.7million MT in 2008 and 117.3 millionMT in 2007. Asia accounted for two-thirds of total seafood consumption,at 85.4 million MT, or 20.7 kilogramsper capita. And farmed fish will soonaccount for half of total seafoodconsumption. Aquaculturerepresented 47 percent of global foodfish production in 2010, comparedwith just 9 percent in 1980, reports theFAO. The growth rate of farmed foodfish production from 1980 to 2010 faroutpaced that of the world population

(1.5 percent), resulting in averageannual percapita consumption offarmed fish rising by almost seventimes, from 1.1 kilograms in 1980 to8.7 kilograms in 2010, at an averageannual rate of 7.1 percent. The totalfarmgate value of food fish productionfrom aquaculture is estimated at $119.4billion in 2010.

Looking ahead, global seafoodproduction for human consumption isestimated to total 130.8 million MT in2011, according to FAO.

Global seafood production for allpurposes, including humanconsumption, totaled 148.5 millionMT in 2010, up from 145.3 million MTin 2009, reports the FAO. Wildfisheries accounted for 88.6 millionMT, while aquaculture repraesented59.9 million MT.

Steven Hedlund, Seafood BusinessMagazine.

India hopes Bangladesh lifts ban on export of Hilsa fishIndia is hopeful that Bangladesh

will lift the ban on Hilsa fish exportsafter Ramadan concludes.

The secretary of the FishImporters’ Association, Syed AnwarMaqsood, said this while sharing theconcern of fish traders with media.

From time immemorial, Bengalishave been passionate about Hilsa fish,a strongly flavoured, white-fleshed fishknown for its mouth-watering aromawhile being cooked. However, thedazzling silver creature that wasdeclared the National Fish ofBangladesh upon the country gainingindependence in 1971, now hasbecome a rare sight on dining tables inBangladesh itself due to rising prices.

Further, the domestic shortageexperienced in Bangladesh has beenattributed to huge and consistent

demand from India. Maqsooddescribed the embargo as unfortunate.

“We were actually continuing withthe import of Hilsa as usual; every yearwe do it. Our association does it. So,this year also, this season also westarted it. Initially, the Hilsa catch inBangladesh was also very poor, but twoweeks ago, the catch was huge. Everyday we were having around 60 to 70metric tones of Hilsa fish. All of asudden, on July 31, the notification

came that the Bangladesh Governmenthas banned the export of not onlyHilsa, but all kinds of fish. We wereshocked by the decision, and so wereour exporters in Bangladesh,” saidMaqsood.

He said that the Ministry ofCommerce has requested itscounterpart in Dhaka to lift the ban asit has hit the importers, their trade andabove all the connoisseurs of Hilsadishes.

Hilsa, known as ‘ilish’ in Bengaliparlance, is mainly a sea species butprefers to lay its eggs in rivers due toabsence of salinity and lesser current.

It is caught in all majorBangladeshi rivers, such as the Padma,Meghna and Jamuna, and theirestuaries leading to Bay of Bengal.

According to Department of

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Plot No. G-2805, Lodhika G.I.D.C., Vill. Metoda, Nr. 66 K.V. Sub Station, Kranti Gate, Dist. Rajkot - 360 021 (Gujarat) IndiaE-mail : [email protected] | [email protected] | [email protected]

Web : www.ganeshplastfrozenpack.com Telefax : (F) 02827 - 287935 Mobile : 98256 12813 / 97129 12813. Ph : 02827-287935

Fisheries, Bangladesh produced340,000 tonnes of Hilsa in 2010-11.

India imports Hilsa through legalchannels although the illegal trade ismuch larger, traders say, since it’scheaper and also much lesscomplicated because they bypasscustoms checks.

In 2011, the Department ofFisheries in Bangladesh, 5,376 tonnesof Hilsa was exported to India alone

out of total 8,500 tonnes in the fiscalyear. The rest went to the ethnicBangladeshi markets in Europe andAmerica.

But the actual exports are likelyto be much higher due to activesmuggling along the river bordersbetween India and Bangladesh, whichare impossible to completely control.(ANI)

Newstrack India

Passes for fisheries harbourCochin Port Trust will issue fresh passes for entry into the Cochin

Fisheries Harbour as part of improving the security at the harbour and inview of the requests made by trade union leadership.

Application forms for the new passes are available from August 21 andthe completed forms can be submitted till September 15. All applicationscarry a fee of Rs. 100. Entry into the Fisheries Harbour will be controlled bynew passes from October 1

The Hindu

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Bright Overseas Food Ltd.Contact : Mr. Ben ChanTel: +852 2707 1785Fax: +852 2707 9870Website: www.hkjebn.comOffice Address:Unit 6-9, 17/F Telford House,16 Wang Hoi Road, Kowloon Bay,HONG KONGProducts of interest : Dried Fish Maw Tak Fat (Far East) TradingCompany,Hong KongContact : Mr. KK ChanTel: 28082811 Fax: 2174 6208 E-mail; [email protected] of interest: Frozen Shrimp/Cuttlefish

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