New Kingdom of Egypt

➲Weak pharaoh's and power struggles led to the fall of the Middle Kingdom.

➲Hyksos ruled Egypt from 1640 B.C.-1570 B.C.

➲Warlike rulers began to restore Egypt's power and overthrow the Hyksos.

Queen Ahhotep Kamose

Egypt's New Kingdom

➲During the New Kingdom, Egypt becomes wealthier and more powerful than ever.

➲Advanced weapons,archers,charioteers, and infantry or foot soldiers.

➲Strong leadership among the pharaoh's

Strong Pharaoh's of the New Kingdom

➲Hatshepsut spent her reign encouraged trade rather than war.

➲Thutmose III was a warlike ruler who successfully invaded Palestine, Syria, and south into Nubia.

➲Rames II was a great builder and signed a peace treaty with the Hittites.

Hatshepsut Thutmose III

Ramses II Battle of Kadesh

Abu Simbel

New Kingdom Declines

➲Egypt was attacked by the “People of the Sea” and the tribes of Palestine and the Libyans from the west.

➲Egypt breaks into independent kingdoms.

➲Libyans ruled Egypt and adopts their culture and way of life.

Kushites Conquer Egypt

➲Egypt enjoyed dominance of Nubia and the Nubian kingdom of Kush for about a thousand years.

➲After the fall of the New Kingdom, Kush becomes a regional power.

➲Nubian kingdoms served as trade corridors that linked Egypt to the interior of Africa.

Kushite Influence and Conquest

➲Egypt influences Nubians.➲Princes went to Egypt to learn

Egyptian customs.➲Piankhi unites the Nile Valley and

overthrows the Libyans.➲Begins the short lived twenty-fifth

Dynasty.

Piankhi

Golden Age and Decline

➲Assyrians push the Kushites out of Egypt in 671 B.C.

➲Kushite royal family settles in Meroe.

➲Significant rainfall and iron ore.➲Aksum overthrow the Kushites

around A.D. 350.➲Four centuries of prosparity.

Assyrians Military Machine

➲Sophisticated military organization, state of the art weaponry, and geography played an important role in Assyrian success.

➲Engineers designed pontoons or floating structures used to support a bridge.

➲Showed no mercy in battle.➲War like people.

Assyrian Soldiers

Expanding Into an Empire and Rule

➲Assyrian Kings defeated kings in Syria, Palestine, and Babylon.

➲Power extends into Egypt and Anatolia.

➲Chose their own rulers or supported those who supported them.

➲Conquered territories had to pay takes tribute or else be destroyed.

Assyrian Culture

➲Sennacherib establishes Nineveh as the Assyrian capital.

➲One of the largest cities in the world during this time

➲Military campaigns and hunting lions were two popular artistic subjects.

➲One of the largest ancient libraries thanks to Ashurbanipal.

Nineveh

Sennacherib Ashurbanipal

Fall of the Assyrians

➲Assyrian power had spread too thin.

➲Cruelty towards conquered people earned them many enemies.

➲Weak leadership.➲Combined armies, led by the

Medes and Chaldeans burn and level Nineveh.

Babylon Restored Under Chaldeans

➲Chaldeans make Babylon the center of their empire1,000 years after Hammurabi.

➲Was destroyed by Sennacherib.➲Babylon restored by

Nebuchadnezzar.➲Hanging Gardens and Seven Tier

Ziggurat.➲Conquered by the Persians.

Hanging Gardens Seven Tier Ziggurat

Rise of Persians

➲Home of the Persians had rich farmland and natural resources.

➲Dozens of kingdoms rule, but two, Meades in the north and Persians in the south.

➲Cyrus defeats the Meades and extends Persia power into Anatolia and the Fertile Crescent

Persian Empire Cyrus the Great's Tomb

Persian Rule➲Cyrus was known for his kindness

toward conquered people. Great military leader, also.

➲His son, Cambyses, extended Persian power into Egypt. Was no like his father.

➲Darius extends power into modern Afghanistan and into the River Valleys of India.

Cambyses Darius

Darius Rule➲Darius was a great conqueror and

administrative ruler.➲Divided empire into twenty

provinces.➲Let people keep their way of life. ➲Installed his own governors,

satraps, tax collectors and sent out inspectors called the “eyes and ears.”

➲Royal roads and coined money.

Royal Road Route Coined Money

Persian Religion➲Zoroaster was a religious prophet

who taught that two spiritual armies were fighting for possession of a person's soul. You choose.

➲Avesta is the holy book.➲Ahura Mazda- The god of truth and

light.➲Ahriman- The god of evil and

darkness.

Zooroaster Avesta

Ahura Mazda Ahriman

Philosophy and Social Order

➲China's values of social order, harmony, and respect for authority were put aside toward the end of the Zhou.

➲Confucius believed these values could be restored through our relationships.

➲Believed in governing wisely.

Confucius Beliefs and Ideas of Government

➲Five relationships- Ruler/subject, father/son, husband/wife, older brother/younger brother, friend/friend.

➲Respect for parents/elders- filial piety.

➲Laid the groundwork for bureaucracy. Stressed education.

Confucius Analects

Daoism ➲Created by Laozi, stressed that a

natural force called Dao, or the way, guides all things.

➲All creatures, except humans, follow Dao. Natural order important.

➲Argue about pointless questions such as right or wrong/good and bad manners.

➲Government should leave people alone. Studied science.

Laozi

Legalism

➲Created by Hanfeizi andSi.➲Highly efficient and powerful

government is the key to social order.

➲Harsh punishment and rich reward.➲Thinkers ideas should be controlled

by the government.

Hanfeizi Li Si

I Ching Yin and Yang

➲Iching is a book of oracles that answers ethical problems by throwing coins and interpreting the results.

➲Yin and Yang are two powers that represent the natural rhythm of life and compliment each other.

➲Acupuncture helps to restore this order.

I Ching Yin and Yang

Qin Dynasty

➲Replaced the Zhou Dynasty around the third century B.C.

➲Employed Legalist ideas.➲Ruled by Shi Huangdi.➲Halted internal battles and

opposition to his rule.➲Doubles China size.

Rule of Shi Huangdi

➲Seized the land of noble families.➲Strengthen the truck and weaken

the branches.➲Divides China into thirty-six

districts. ➲Appoints his officials to run the

districts.➲Useless books were to be

destroyed

Shi Hunagdi's Programs

➲Builds a highway network stretching 4,000 miles.

➲Set standards for writing, law, and currency.

➲Irrigation projects.➲Starts construction on the Great

Wall of China.

Shi Huangdi

Great Wall of China

Fall of the Qin Dynasty

➲Under Shi Huangdi, China was an autocracy.

➲Forced labor and harsh treatment.➲Peasants rebelled against Shi

Huangdi's son. Weak ruker.➲Han Dynasty takes control of China

for 400 years.

Terra Cotta Soldiers