New Information On Value Of Distillers Grains In Meat Goat Rations
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Transcript of New Information On Value Of Distillers Grains In Meat Goat Rations
New Information On Value Of Distillers Grains In Meat Goat Rations
Terry K. Hutchens, Extension Goat Specialist University of Kentucky
U.S. Goat Industry 2006
• Goat inventory numbers Jan. 1, 2006 USDA data– Indicates U.S. goat numbers 2,826,000; meat goats
(80% of total)– Texas supply 1,320,000 (1,080,000 meat goats) or
• 47-48% of national goat population– There is an undersupply of domestic goat meat despite
increased domestic slaughter• increases in domestic slaughter prices
($1.25/lb live weight)• increased annual imports (Approaching 50% from Australia and New Zealand)
Kentucky Goat Industry• Goat numbers in 1997 was 16,223 and by 2002
increased to 68,412 (2002 Ag Census for Ky.)
• Ninety percent are meat goats• In that same time period:
– sheep numbers only increased by 1,155; – hogs decreased by 198,821; – cattle decreased by 81,473 head
• Meat and other goat numbers increased from 74,000 in Jan. 2007 to 81,400 in Jan. 2008.
U.S. Goat Meat Market Outlook• At this point the market is ethnic driven• By 2009 - 23,000,000 ethnic goat meat consumers will
reside in the U.S.• Federal inspected goat slaughter in 2003,
• 645,954 goats, (26 million lbs), • 45% increase from 1998
• Approximately 50% of goat slaughter occurs in the North East• More goats are slaughter in New Jersey than any other
state• It is estimated that 50% of U.S goats are slaughter on
farmers or in non-USDA graded facilities. (Amer. Meat Goat Assc.)
We are not alone!
• U.S. is a net importer of goat meat– 151% increase from 1999 –
2003• Imports are a significant portion
of the total consumption– 17 million lbs in 2003 or
450,000 more goats needed• Australia is the major supplier of
goat meat to the U.S.• Most are frozen carcasses! • The consumer prefers fresh!
Imports
2005 changeU.S. 1.9 mill +2%Texas 1.1 mill +7%Tennessee 98,000 -8%Georgia 77,000 +17%Oklahoma 65,000 -11%Kentucky 63,500 +3%N. Carolina 52,200 -11%
Source: USDA/NASS
Kentucky’s Goat Enterprise
Meat Goat Enterprises in Kentucky • Industry Divisions
– Commercial breeding herd - meat– Purebred breeding herd – breeding stock– Feeding lots – slaughter kid meat production– Cull doe slaughter market– Embryo recipient does– Show wethers – 4-H, FFA– Recreational – Tourism – Vegetation management
90 adult goats~ 4.6 a total ~ 04 a/plot
Grazing duration: 44 daysNo. of cycles: 3No. grazing days: 3960
Breeding Herd of Boer Cross Meat Goats
Stockyards Purchased Feeder Kids•Feeder kids are purchased weighing 30-35 lbs•Fed for 55-60 days •Sold at 60 to 70 lbs as slaughter kids•Slaughter kids are sold at graded and grouped sales or sold directly off farms to order buyers.
Following purchase, feeder kids are processed through a disease prevention health program,
weighed and put on feed.
Feeder Kids Are Put on Feed and Hand Fed Once or twice Daily
No self feeders
Feeder Kids are given free access to hay, water and mineral
How can we reduce feed cost?
General Nutrient Requirements for Meat Goats
CP % TDN %Buck
10 60
Dry Doe 09 55Late Gestation
11 65
Weaned Kids 14 68Yearling 12 65
2006 Comparison of DDGS and Other Co-Product Feeds With a Leading Commercial
Pelleted Feed • Simple feed lot study• Comparing a commercial pelleted feed with blended feeds
containing DDGS as a protein and energy source. • Total of 60 mix sexed goats averaging 40 lbs were
randomly allocated to 3 groups of 20. • Allocations were based on weight and sex.• Goats were given a 7 day warm up period and hand fed
twice daily for 56 days. • The concentrates were fed at 3% of body weight daily and
hay was consumed ad lib. • Concentrates and commercial feed were equal in protein
and energy and balanced to meet or exceed nutritional requirements (Based on NRC 1981)
• Funded by Distillers Grains Technology Council
Comparison of DDGS and Other Co-Product Feeds With a Leading Pelleted Feed
• Commercial 16 % Pelleted feed• 20%-40%-40%
– 20-Distillers Grains with Soluables, – 40- Soybean Hulls, – 40- Whole Corn
• 30%-30%-40% – 30-Distillers Grains with Soluables, – 30- Soybean Hulls, – 40- Whole Corn
• Hand Fed at 3% of body weight
Performance of Kids Fed a Commercial Pelleted Feed or Commodity Based Ration.
Commercial Pelleted
20 % DDGS
30 % DDGS
Weight lbs, Day Zero
40.1a 41.2a 40.3a
Day 14 42.9 a 43.0 a 45.4 a
Day 28 48.5 a 52.4 b 51.3 a
Day 42 57.7 a 59.3 a 59.2 a
Day 56 64.8 a 66.0 a 63.6 a
Total Gain, lbs
24.7 a 24.8 a 23.3 a
ADG, lbs .44 a .44 a .41 a
Least Square Means, means in the same row with differing superscripts differ significantly, P < .10
Nutrient Content (DM Basis) of Rations (Hay and Concentrate).
Ration Commercial Pelleted
20% DDGS
30% DDGS
Dry Matter %
87.2 86.8 86.8
Crude Protein %
14.1 12.7 13.1
ADF % 30.1 38.6 37.0
NDF % 50.7 60.3 58.3
TDN % 60.2 58.2 58.8
Ration Commercial Pelleted
20% DDGS 30% DDGS
Lbs feed/head 110.8 110.8 110.8
Cost/lb, $ 0.16 0.06 0.07Cost/head, $ 17.51 7.10 7.43
Hay cost/head, $ 3.27 3.27 3.27
Total cost/head, $ 20.78 10.37 10.70
Total lbs of gain 24.7 24.8 23.3
Cost/lb of gain, $ .84 .42 .46
Gross $/head 97.84 99.66 96.03Return above all
feed costs$77.07 $89.29 $85.33
Summery
• DDGS and other by-product feeds appear to be an alternative to commercial pelleted feeds
• Cost of feed may be reduced by as much as 50%• By-Product feeds are readily available • Some by-product feeds vary in nutrient and
physical quality• Storage facilities are usually needed• Feed additives must be provided or added • Feeder goats gain as well on the high fiber alternative
feeds containing DDGS as they do on high starch feeds without the metabolic difficulties associated with the starch
Allow 12” of bunk space for feeder goats
Fall 2008Feedlot fed slaughter goats
12”
15”
27”
8” and variable height as needed to control escape.
1 full inch
Feed bunk 6” PVC pipe cut in half & bolted to a board on the back side
2005 Pasture DemonstrationFinishing Feeder Goats on DDGS, Sorghum Sudangrass and
Johnsongrass Pasture(3 acres and grazing for 56 days)
DDGS fed at 1% of body weight at 0.55 lbs/hd/day
Feeder Kids on Pasture
#
Average Start Wt.
Lbs
Wt. 1st 28 Days
Lbs
Wt. 2nd 28
Days Lbs
Totals
65 47.0 51.2 63.6 63.6Ave Wt Gain, Lbs/hd 4.2 12.4 16.6Ave. Daily Gain, Lbs/d
0.15 0.44 0.296
Stocking rate, hd/ac 22Total Lbs of Gain, Lbs 273.0 807.3 1080.3Lbs Gain/ac 91.0 269.1 360.1Cost $/acre $120Gross Returns $/ac ($1.20) $432.12Net Return $/ac $312.12Cost $/Lbs Gain $0.333
2007 Evaluation of DDGS as an Energy and Protein Source in the Diets of Feeder Kids
• Replicated feedlot study (2)• Comparing a typical corn and soybean meal
ration with rations composed of increasing levels of DDGS for the total ration
• DDGS at 0%, 10%, 15% and 25% of the total ration
2007 Evaluation of DDGS as an Energy and Protein Source in the Diets of Feeder Kids
• Total of 160 mix sexed feeder goats were randomly allocated to 4 treatments, 8 pens with 20 kids per pen. Allocations were based on weight and sex.
• Goats were given a 14 day warm up period and hand fed twice daily for 56 days.
• The concentrate was fed at 3% of body weigh and hay was fed ad lib.
• Hay was weighted into the feeder and wastage was estimated (1 lb per day disappearance and 20% wastage).
• Diets were balance using both concentrates and hay and all diets were similar in energy and protein content.
• Diets were balanced to meet or exceed nutritional requirements (Based on NRC 2007)
• Funded by Distiller Grains Technology Council
DDGS Inclusion RatesDiets DDGS-0 DDGS-10 DDGS-15 DDGS-25
KY-31 Tall Fescue Hay %
30 30 30 30
DDGS % 0 10 15 25
SBH % 38 17 32 39
SBM% 9 8 8 0
WC % 18 28 13 0
Limestone Min. Premix Additives
5 7 2 6
DDGS = Distiller’s Dried Grains with Soluables, SBH = Soybean Hulls, SBM = Soybean Meal, WC = Whole Corn
Nutrient Analysis Hay and Concentrate
% CP %
TDN % ME % ADF % NDF % Ca % P %
0% DDGS
15 71 1.18 29 44 .004 .003
10% DDGS
16 72 1.19 21 40 .004 .004
15% DDGS
15 70 1.17 31 39 .004 .003
25% DDGS
16 71 1.18 32 52 .005 .004
Analysis by Dairy-One
Gain Component Treatments Start
Wt. July 3
lbs
End Wt
August 28 lbs
Total Wt.
Gain lbs
Ave. Daily Gain lbs
Efficiency of Gain
lb feed / lb gain
Control 44.51 61.39 16.88* 0.3014* 8.5874
10% DDGS 45.34 64.98 19.64 0.3507 7.5696
15% DDGS 48.35 68.42 20.07 0.3589 7.6774
25% DDGS 47.04 67.99 20.96** 0.3742**
7.3767
**p=.13 **p=.13
Feed CostTreatments Daily Feed
Cost/hd$
Ave. Daily Gain lbs
Feed Cost/lb of gain
lbs
Control 0.1718 0.3014* 0.570010% DDGS 0.1896 0.3507 0.529215% DDGS 0.1705 0.3589 0.475125% DDGS 0.1599 0.3742** 0.4273
(concentrate & hay)
**p=.13 concentrate & hay)
Carcass Evaluation
Carcass Yield for Kids Fed Increasing Levels of DDGS
% DDGS
Live Wt lbs
HCW lbs
CCW lbs
% Yield
LEA inches
Fat mm
0 61.92 27.35 24.84 43.82 1.66 1.20
10 65.33 26.83 24.46 41.31 1.35 1.0015 72.17 32.42 29.64 44.74 1.62 1.17
25 73.92 32.33 30.12 43.41 1.82 1.17Slaughter was stratified by weight, n=24, 3 head/pen and 8 pensHCW = Hot Carcass Weight, CCW = Cold Carcass Weight, LEA = Loin Area at the 13th rib, Fat depth at the 12th rib.
Adding Condensed Distillers Solubles to the 25% DDGS Ration
Feed without added Soluables
Components As Fed DM
% Moisture 10.8
% Dry Matter 89.3
% Crude Protein 13.4 15.0
% ADF 37.0 41.4
% NDF 54.1 60.6
% TDN 61 69
NEM, Mcal/lb .62 .70
NEG, Mcal/lb .38 .43
% Ca .58 .65
% P .23 .25
PPM Fe 322 360
PPM Cu 8 9
Feed with added Soluables
Components As Fed DM
% Moisture 14
% Dry Matter 85.3
% Crude Protein 16.0 18.8
% ADF 30.8 36.1
% NDF 48.0 56.3
% TDN 60 70
NEM, Mcal/lb .61 .72
NEG, Mcal/lb .38 .45
% Ca .62 .72
% P .33 .39
PPM Fe 450 528
PPM Cu 17 20
Adding Condensed Distillers Solubles to the 25% DDGS Ration
• The addition of 10% Condensed Distillers Solubles to a ration allows the reduction of primary protein source by 30-40%.
• Condensed Distillers Solubles is and excellent feed conditioner.
• Feeder kids appear to tolerate up to 6% fat in the ration.
• The product must be applied at feeding.
Guaranteed Analysis• Crude Protein, min………………..….……….16%• Crude Fat, min……………......………………..10%• Crude Fiber, max………….…………..……….2.0%• ADF, max………………………………..…....……5.0%• Calcium, min……………………..…………..0.025%• Calcium, max…………………………….……..0.40%• Phosphorus, min……………………………..0.25%• Sodium, min…………………………………….0.80%• Sodium, max…………………………………….1.30%• Potassium, min…………………………………0.50%• Selenium, min…………………………………..0.04%• (NPN component is Ammonium chloride)
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