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GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

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GERUNDS

 

Gerund is the –ing form of a verb used asa noun.

   To form gerunds, use  the base form + ing

Example : I enjoy learning English

   To form negative gerunds, usenot + gerund

  Example : Not speaing English !ell is mybiggest problem in this "ountry

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Gerund#s positions in a senten"e

$. Gerunds used as subje"t of thesenten"e

Example :  Traveling might satisfy yourdesire for ne! experien"es.

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%. Gerunds used as obje"ts

Example :  They do not appre"iate my

singing.

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3. Gerund as object of preposition

Example : &e#s ex"ited about playingtennis.

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By + gerund

Example : 'ou get good grades bystudying hard.

Go + gerund

Example : I !ill go (shing !ith you

tomorro!.

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 INFINITIVES  In(nitives is to ) the simple form of a

verb.   To form in(nitives use 

to + base form of the verb

Example : I !ant to dan"e.

   To form negative in(nitives use

  Not + innitive

Example : &e de"ided not to go to the party.

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In(nitive#s positions in asenten"e

$. In(nitives in the subje"t position

Example : To live in the *nited +tatesis my dream.

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%. In(nitive of purpose

Example : I "ame here in order tolearn.

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 Too ) adje"tive or adverb )

in(nitive

Example : !he is too young tovote.

dje"tive or adverb ) enough )

in(nitive

Example : "hey are old enough to

vote.

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#$%%E&EN'E! (% GE&)N# *N#$N%$N$"$E

,.

Gerunds often follo! verbs that indi"ate thatan a"tion is happening or has happened.

 The a"tion expressed by the verb "omes at

the same time or after the a"tion expressedby the gerund.

Example : -e enjoy going to "on"erts.

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$nnitives often follo! verbs thatindi"ate that an a"tion !ill or "ould

happen.

 The a"tion expressed by the verb

"omes before the a"tion expressed bythe in(nitive.

Example : -e hope to go to the"on"ert.

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%.  erbs that are follo!ed by a noun phrase )in(nitive "an also be follo!ed by a gerund.

 The gerund maes it general and thein(nitive mae spe"i(" the personindi"ated.

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Example :

$.  They allo! smoing in this building.

 They allo!ed me to smoe in thisbuilding.

%. I lie "ooing.I lie to "oo.

/. +he started losing !eight+he started to lose !eight.

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/.

-hen a spe"i(" performer of the gerunda"tion needs to be indi"ated, a possessivenoun or a possessive determiner is used.

Example :I really appre"iate 0aren#s1her !riting thatletter for me.

2eter#s1his "oming late really annoys me.

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-.-hen an in(nitive fun"tions as a subje"t,

any stated subje"t of the in(nitive shouldbe pre"eded by for. If a pronoun follo!s

for, it must be in obje"t form.

-hen the subje"t of a gerund is stated, it

taes the possessive form.

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Example :

,. 3or people to see is a !onderfulgift.

. &er desire !as for them to tae atrip around the !orld

3. They hoped for her to be able toattend the "on"ert

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