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New Generation ITS Communications
Katsuyoshi Sato National Institute of Information and Communication
s Technology (NICT), IAI, Japan
AP-NeGeMo
Study on ITS telecommunication system
Millimeter wave ROF road-vehicle communication system ・Multi-service ・ high speed data transmission
Millimeter wave inter vehicle communication system ・ integrated radar communication system ・ safe operational support
What is Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC)?
Running vehicles on traffic road communicate each other directly for driving support.
The applications using IVC are Automatic Cruse Control (ACC), Collision Avoidance, Multimedia (Inter-vehicle Karaoke ), e.t.c. .
Short range communication ( ~ 100 m )
Keywords
Inter-vehicle communication
Millimeter wave (60 GHz)
Propagation characteristics (fading, two ray model )
Data transmission experiments ( 1 - 10 Mbps )
Driving Support using Inter-Vehicle Communication
Why millimeter wave ( MM wave) ?
High-efficiency of frequency reuse due to high
attenuation compared with microwave (DSRC)
Low attenuation caused by rain, fog, and snow
compared with optical communications
Potential of wide-band transmission
Sharing of RF section between IVC system and
radar system for collision avoidance
Minaiturization of RF section
Problems on design of IVC system using MM wave
Rapid changes in signal strength (Fading)
Large Doppler-shift
Strong shadowing effect
Interference between cells
Large frequency drift of RF sections
Cost reduction
Research on IVC in NICT
Measurement of propagation characteristics of 60 GHz millimeter wave on the road, expressway, e.t.c. . Propagation model between vehicles on the road, Fading
effect, Doppler-shift, Diversity effect, Polarization effect Estimation of inter-vehicle wireless data transmission betw
een running vehicles. Characteristics of received power vs. bit error rate, Effect
of space diversity Mod./Demod., Error correction System design for IVC system using millimeter wave
Feasibility study of IVC using millimeter wave, Standardization, Reflection into laws and regulations
Measurement of propagation characteristics
Static condition (without fading )
Receieved power, bit error rate (BER) vs. distance
Comparison between result & propagation model
Effect of space diversityBank
Baseball Ground
Building
Test Course (200m)
Parking Lot
Vacant Lot
TxRxVacant
lot
Experimental facility
Experimental condition
Center freqency 59.1 GHz
Transmitted power -4 dBm or +9 dBm
Data rate 1 Mbps or 10 Mbps
Modulation DFSK (manchester code)
Detection Differential
Antenna Standard Horn
Antenna gain 24 dBi
Polarization Vertical or Horizontal
Diversity thrshold (Level) -70 dBm
Diversity thrshold (Def.) 10 dB
Diversity timing delay 10 micro seconds
Dependence of antenna height and distance between vehicles
Confirmation of two-ray propagation model
Estimation of space diversity
Dependence of polarization
Main points of measurements
Two ray model
direct wave
reflected wave ( reflection coeficient = -1 )
Tx Rxd
ht hr
Received power Pr PtGt Gr
L(d)
2d
2
sin2 2hthr
d
Two ray model ( assumption )
Reflection coefficient of pavement = -1
Roughness of pavement was ignored
Directivity of antennas was ignored
Absorption of Oxygen @60 GHz = 16 dB/km
Test course
Bank
Baseball Ground
Building
Test Course (200m)
Parking Lot
Vacant Lot
TxRxVacant
lot
Prefablication
Building
Resuls ( V-pol )
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
200150100500
Horizontal Distance [m]
10-10
10-8
10-6
10-4
10-2
100
Txh = 46 cmRxh = 85 cmV-pol
Power(Measured) Power(model) BER
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
200150100500
Horizontal Distance [m]
10-10
10-8
10-6
10-4
10-2
100
Txh = 46 cmRxh = 38 cmV-pol
Power(Measured) Power(model) BER
Results ( Rxh = diversity, V-pol )
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
200150100500
Horizontal Distance [m]
10-10
10-8
10-6
10-4
10-2
100
Txh = 46 cmRxh =diversity V-pol
Power(h=85cm) Power(h=38cm) Power(diversity) BER(diversity)
Shadowing effect ( Sedan )
Inter-vehicle data transmission on expressway
Experiments of data transmission on the expressway.
Two vehicle run on the same lane in Yokohama-Yokosuka expressway at 80 km/h with the distance of about 100 m.
Received power and BER were measured.
Effect of space diversity also confirmed.
Measurement in expressway
Measurement results in expressway
Cumulative distribution of received power
0.1
2
4
6
1
2
4
6
10
2
4
6
100
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20
Received Power (reffered to median) [dB]
RxH=83.6 cm RxH=36.1 cm Diversity Rayleigh
0.1
2
4
6
1
2
4
6
10
2
4
6
100
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20
Received Power (reffered to median) [dB]
RxH=83.6 cm RxH=36.1 cm Diversity Rayleigh
Without ShadowingWhole data
Cumulative distribution of BER
100
80
60
40
20
0
-8 -6 -4 -2 0Exponent of BER
FREE
1 Mbps RxH = 83.6 cm RxH = 36.1 cm Diversity
100
80
60
40
20
0
-8 -6 -4 -2 0Exponent of BER
FREE
10 Mbps RxH=83.6 cm RxH=36.1 cm Diversity
Regulation of 60 GHz band in Japan ( Aug. 9, 2000 )
59 GHz - 66 GHz ( Unlicensed band ) ( ref. 60GHz - 61 GHz for Radar )
Picture transmission or data transmission
Band width < 2.5 GHz / 1 channel
Frequency variation < 500 ppm
Transmission power < 10 mW
Antenna gain < 47 dBi
Target system of IVC (provisional)
Frrequency : 60 GHz band
Cell size : 100 m - 150 m ( Line Of Sight)
Data rate : 1 Mbps - 10 Mbps (air rate )
Power : 10 mW, Antenna Gain : 20 - 30 dBi
Low-cost, small-size, high-reliability
(Option) : Fusion between IVC & Radar system (60 GHz)
( image )
Experiment
Shadowing effect
Radar and Transponder system (Vehicle Safety System)
Integrated communication unit
with radar (Scanning Antenna)
Transponder unit
Radar and Transponder system
Transmission rate: 100kbps
BER (typ.) less than 10-4
Comm. range: 100m
Frequency: 60GHz
Antenna beam width 3deg.
(Radar) 30deg.(Transponde
r)
Rader type: FM-CW
FM sweep range: 100MHz
Transponder
Radar
Integrated Communication unit
Transponder unit
Transmission rate 100kbps
Transmission method half-duplex
BER less than 1.00E-04
Communication range 100m
Operating frequency 60GHz band
Output Power 3.0mW(4.8dBm)
Multiplex method Time division / superimposed
Modulation 2FSK/AM
Demodulation Homodyne detection
/FSK demodulation
Envelope detection
/FSK demodulation
Antenna beam width 3° -Antenna gain 30dB -Rader type FM-CW -FM sweep range 100MHz -dimensions 150×250×120mm 190×165×63mm
specifications
Examples of application
radio wave markers (road signs)radio wave markers (road signs) support for safe driving in converging trafficsupport for safe driving in converging traffic intersection safetyintersection safety rear-end collision alarmrear-end collision alarm
radio wave markers (road signs)
transponder
support for safe driving in converging traffic
トラポン
Transponder
intersection safety
Transponder
rear-end collision alarm
Transponder
Future work for realization of IVC system
Detail investigation of propagation (fading)
Measure against frequency drift of RF sections ( Mod. / Demod., EC, Sync., e.t.c. )
Access method ( multiple access )
Cost reduction
Popularization strategy
Fusion between IVC system & radar system
Road-Vehicle communication
Millimeter-wave spot communication system high speed data transmission multi-service
Specification
down link: 59.0-60.0 GHz up link: 61.0-62.0 GHz RF power: 10 dBm FDD antenna gain: 14dBm(base station), 11dBm(mobile statio
n)
modulation: D-BPSK band width: 270MHz data rate: 155.52Mbps
ROF spot communication system
12cmx18cmx6cm
Base stationControl station
Mobile station
Antenna
Packet Error Rate
down link up link
1.00E- 06
1.00E- 05
1.00E- 04
1.00E- 03
1.00E- 02
1.00E- 01
1.00E+00
- 80 - 70 - 60 - 50 - 40 - 30 - 20
INPUTLEVEL[dBm]PE
R
1.00E- 06
1.00E- 05
1.00E- 04
1.00E- 03
1.00E- 02
1.00E- 01
1.00E+00
- 80 - 70 - 60 - 50 - 40 - 30 - 20
INPUTLEVEL[dBm]
PE
R
15m
0.5m
15m
Experiment configuration
Antenna pattern
Calculated received power (4.5 m height base station)
Experiment
Base station
2.5m18.3°
4.5m
Base station
Received power
- 120
- 110
- 100
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Distance [m]
Pow
er
[dB
]
0.00m1.25m2.50m3.75m5.00m
Packet Error Rate
1.00E-06
1.00E-05
1.00E-04
1.00E-03
1.00E-02
1.00E-01
1.00E+00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Distance [m]
FER
PER and received power
Dynamic and Autonomous Multi-Hop Communication System for Advanced Customer-Provided Mobile Communications on VHF Band