FUR FASHIONFUR FASHION

FashionFashion is a general term for a popular style or is a general term for a popular style or practice, especially in clothing, footwear, practice, especially in clothing, footwear, accessories, makeup, body piercing, or furniture. accessories, makeup, body piercing, or furniture. Fashion refers to a distinctive and often habitual Fashion refers to a distinctive and often habitual trend in the style with which a person dresses, as trend in the style with which a person dresses, as well as to prevailing styles in behavior. Fashion also well as to prevailing styles in behavior. Fashion also refers to the newest creations of textile designers. refers to the newest creations of textile designers. The more technical term The more technical term costumecostume, has become so , has become so linked to the term "fashion" that the use of the linked to the term "fashion" that the use of the former has been relegated to special senses like former has been relegated to special senses like fancy dress or masquerade wear, while "fashion" fancy dress or masquerade wear, while "fashion" means clothing more generally and the study of it. means clothing more generally and the study of it. Although aspects of fashion can be feminine or Although aspects of fashion can be feminine or masculine, some trends are androgynous. masculine, some trends are androgynous.

Fur fashionFur fashion

Fur fashion is all about men's and women's Fur fashion is all about men's and women's variety of choices in terms of clothing. They can variety of choices in terms of clothing. They can be long and short coats, sporty jackets, vests, be long and short coats, sporty jackets, vests, and other products in a variety of colors. When and other products in a variety of colors. When fur fashion first came, people had limited choices; fur fashion first came, people had limited choices; and purchased only a long or short coat in mink, and purchased only a long or short coat in mink, raccoon or beaver and in light brown or dark raccoon or beaver and in light brown or dark brown. In other words, Fur Fashion is all about brown. In other words, Fur Fashion is all about Fake Fur Fashion luxury garments Jacket, Coats Fake Fur Fashion luxury garments Jacket, Coats Cravats, Scarf's Shrugs Cushions, and Throws Cravats, Scarf's Shrugs Cushions, and Throws Hats Weddings made of fur from animals. Hats Weddings made of fur from animals.

Fur clothingFur clothing

Fur clothingFur clothing is clothing made of furry is clothing made of furry animal hides. Fur is one of the oldest forms animal hides. Fur is one of the oldest forms of clothing; thought to have been widely of clothing; thought to have been widely used as hominids first expanded outside of used as hominids first expanded outside of Africa. Some view fur as luxurious and Africa. Some view fur as luxurious and warm; however others reject it due to moral warm; however others reject it due to moral beliefs. The term 'a fur' is often used to beliefs. The term 'a fur' is often used to refer to a coat, wrap, or shawl made from refer to a coat, wrap, or shawl made from the fur of animals. Controversy exists the fur of animals. Controversy exists regarding the wearing of fur coats, due to regarding the wearing of fur coats, due to animal cruelty.animal cruelty.

Uses of Fur FashionUses of Fur Fashion

Used by indigenous people and developed societies, due to Used by indigenous people and developed societies, due to its availability and superior insulation properties. The Inuit its availability and superior insulation properties. The Inuit peoples of the Arctic relied on fur for most of their clothing, peoples of the Arctic relied on fur for most of their clothing, and it also forms a part of traditional Russian, Scandinavian and it also forms a part of traditional Russian, Scandinavian and Japanese clothing.and Japanese clothing.

Associated with glamour and lavish spending. A number of Associated with glamour and lavish spending. A number of consumers and designer and outspoken animal rights consumers and designer and outspoken animal rights activist Stella McCartney—reject fur due to moral beliefs activist Stella McCartney—reject fur due to moral beliefs and perceived cruelty to animals. and perceived cruelty to animals.

Animal furs used in garments and trim may be dyed bright Animal furs used in garments and trim may be dyed bright colors or with patterns, often to mimic exotic animal pelts: colors or with patterns, often to mimic exotic animal pelts: alternatively they may be left their original pattern and alternatively they may be left their original pattern and color. Fur may be shorn down to imitate the feel of velvet, color. Fur may be shorn down to imitate the feel of velvet, creating a fabric called shearing.creating a fabric called shearing.

Sources of FurSources of Fur

Common animal sources for fur clothing and fur trimmed Common animal sources for fur clothing and fur trimmed accessories include fox, rabbit, mink, beaver, stoat (ermine), accessories include fox, rabbit, mink, beaver, stoat (ermine), sable, seals, cats, dogs, coyotes, chinchilla, and possum. sable, seals, cats, dogs, coyotes, chinchilla, and possum. Some of these are more highly prized than others, and there Some of these are more highly prized than others, and there are many grades and colors.are many grades and colors.

In Europe and Asia, cheap and plentiful dog and cat fur is In Europe and Asia, cheap and plentiful dog and cat fur is sold under different names to disguise the origin from sold under different names to disguise the origin from shoppers in the United States, such as dog fur being labeled shoppers in the United States, such as dog fur being labeled "Mongolian Wolf". In a study by the Humane Society of the "Mongolian Wolf". In a study by the Humane Society of the United States, all twenty-five fur trim coats from twenty United States, all twenty-five fur trim coats from twenty different retailers were found to be mislabeled, usually in the different retailers were found to be mislabeled, usually in the case of fur from an animal that it is illegal to kill for fur being case of fur from an animal that it is illegal to kill for fur being labeled as a legal animal. One example of this was a coat labeled as a legal animal. One example of this was a coat being labeled as having fur from a raccoon, when in reality being labeled as having fur from a raccoon, when in reality DNA testing proved that he fur came from a raccoon dog.DNA testing proved that he fur came from a raccoon dog.

Every year, millions of animals are killed for the clothing Every year, millions of animals are killed for the clothing industry. Whether they come from Chinese fur farms, Indian industry. Whether they come from Chinese fur farms, Indian slaughterhouses, or the Australian outback, an slaughterhouses, or the Australian outback, an immeasurable amount of suffering goes into every fur-immeasurable amount of suffering goes into every fur-trimmed jacket, leather belt, and wool sweater.trimmed jacket, leather belt, and wool sweater.

Animals on fur farms spend their entire lives confined to Animals on fur farms spend their entire lives confined to cramped, filthy wire cages. Fur farmers use the cheapest cramped, filthy wire cages. Fur farmers use the cheapest and cruelest killing methods available, including and cruelest killing methods available, including suffocation, electrocution, gassing, and poisoning. More suffocation, electrocution, gassing, and poisoning. More than half the fur in the U.S. comes from China, where than half the fur in the U.S. comes from China, where millions of dogs and cats are bludgeoned, hanged, bled to millions of dogs and cats are bludgeoned, hanged, bled to death, and sometimes even skinned alive for their fur. death, and sometimes even skinned alive for their fur. Chinese fur is often deliberately mislabeled, so if you wear Chinese fur is often deliberately mislabeled, so if you wear any fur, there's no way of knowing whose skin you're in.any fur, there's no way of knowing whose skin you're in.

Fur FarmsFur Farms

Approximately 90 per cent of the furs Approximately 90 per cent of the furs used by the United States fur industry used by the United States fur industry are from fur farms. Mink, fox, are from fur farms. Mink, fox, chinchilla, nutria, and rabbit are raised chinchilla, nutria, and rabbit are raised there. The animals are fed a well-there. The animals are fed a well-balanced diet. Animals selected for balanced diet. Animals selected for pelts are placed in individual pelts are placed in individual enclosures, called furring pens, in the enclosures, called furring pens, in the fall. Here their fur reaches its prime fall. Here their fur reaches its prime (best quality) condition.(best quality) condition.

Marketing of FursMarketing of Furs

Fur farmers generally sell their pelts at auction, but Fur farmers generally sell their pelts at auction, but many pelts are sold at private sales. Trappers may many pelts are sold at private sales. Trappers may sell their pelts to country stores that in turn sell to sell their pelts to country stores that in turn sell to dealers, or trappers may sell directly to dealers. dealers, or trappers may sell directly to dealers. The dealers, in turn, sell to exporters or The dealers, in turn, sell to exporters or manufacturers.manufacturers.

Trade in certain furs, including those from tiger, Trade in certain furs, including those from tiger, seal, leopard, ocelot, and bear, is prohibited by law seal, leopard, ocelot, and bear, is prohibited by law in the United States because these animals are in the United States because these animals are rare or endangered species; that is, their numbers rare or endangered species; that is, their numbers have been so reduced that they are in danger of have been so reduced that they are in danger of extinction. Animal-rights advocates oppose the use extinction. Animal-rights advocates oppose the use of furs of any kind.of furs of any kind.

Processing of furProcessing of fur

The manufacturing of fur clothing involves obtaining animal The manufacturing of fur clothing involves obtaining animal pelts where the hair is left on. Depending on the type of fur pelts where the hair is left on. Depending on the type of fur and its purpose, some of the chemicals involved in fur and its purpose, some of the chemicals involved in fur processing are table salts, alum salts, acids, soda ash, processing are table salts, alum salts, acids, soda ash, sawdust, cornstarch, lanolin, degreasers and less commonly sawdust, cornstarch, lanolin, degreasers and less commonly bleaches, dyes and toners (for dyed fur). Workers exposed bleaches, dyes and toners (for dyed fur). Workers exposed to fur dust created during fur processing have been shown to fur dust created during fur processing have been shown to have reduced pulmonary function in direct proportion to to have reduced pulmonary function in direct proportion to their length of exposure.their length of exposure.

In contrast, leather made from any animal hide involves In contrast, leather made from any animal hide involves removing the fur from the skin and using only the tanned removing the fur from the skin and using only the tanned skin. The use of wool involves shearing the animal's hair skin. The use of wool involves shearing the animal's hair from the living animal, so that the wool can be re-grown. from the living animal, so that the wool can be re-grown. Fake fur or "faux fur" designates any synthetic material that Fake fur or "faux fur" designates any synthetic material that attempts to mimic the appearance and feel of real fur.attempts to mimic the appearance and feel of real fur.

The chemical treatment of fur to The chemical treatment of fur to increase its felting quality is known as increase its felting quality is known as carrotin, as the process tends to turn carrotin, as the process tends to turn the tips of the fur a carrot orange color. the tips of the fur a carrot orange color. A A furrierfurrier is a person who makes fur is a person who makes fur products as fur garments, fur blankets products as fur garments, fur blankets etc. and repairs, alters, cleans, or etc. and repairs, alters, cleans, or otherwise deals in furs of animals.otherwise deals in furs of animals.

Get the bigger dirt particles out of the fur by Get the bigger dirt particles out of the fur by shaking the fur and brushing it with Lana’s Fur shaking the fur and brushing it with Lana’s Fur Brush.Brush.

Hang the furHang the fur. . Spray the entire fur evenly with fur solutionSpray the entire fur evenly with fur solution. One . One

spray per area. Do not soak the fur. Do not spray the spray per area. Do not soak the fur. Do not spray the lining. For fur close to the lining, spray the fur pad. Make lining. For fur close to the lining, spray the fur pad. Make accurate strokes in the direction of the fur. accurate strokes in the direction of the fur.

Use the Fur Pad to gently rub in the solution into Use the Fur Pad to gently rub in the solution into the entire fur by wiping in the direction of the furthe entire fur by wiping in the direction of the fur. . If the pad becomes dirty, wash it with soap and water and If the pad becomes dirty, wash it with soap and water and continue to use. For a fur that has been maintained, you continue to use. For a fur that has been maintained, you will only need to wash the pad at the end of the cleaning. will only need to wash the pad at the end of the cleaning. Check your Fur Pad periodically while cleaning to make Check your Fur Pad periodically while cleaning to make sure that you aren’t just moving dirt around. sure that you aren’t just moving dirt around.

After wiping, wait for the fur to After wiping, wait for the fur to completely drycompletely dry. 30 min.-1 hr. For fast . 30 min.-1 hr. For fast results, use a blow dryer on a cold setting results, use a blow dryer on a cold setting while holding it 2 feet away from fur. For while holding it 2 feet away from fur. For best results, dry the fur outside in a best results, dry the fur outside in a natural breeze but not in direct sunlight. natural breeze but not in direct sunlight.

Once completely dry, use Lana’s Fur Once completely dry, use Lana’s Fur Brush to brush the entire coat, again Brush to brush the entire coat, again in the direction of the furin the direction of the fur. .

Process FlowchartProcess Flowchart

Matching of the skinsMatching of the skins ↓ ↓ Choosing skinsChoosing skins ↓ ↓ Cut into proper sizeCut into proper size ↓ ↓ Sent to the nailer (wets the Sent to the nailer (wets the

sections)sections) ↓ ↓ Stretches into the proper shapeStretches into the proper shape ↓ ↓ Nails to a board (garment pattern is Nails to a board (garment pattern is

chalked)chalked)

PROCESSING OF FARPROCESSING OF FAR

Dressing (Dry Dressing (Dry process)process)

↓ ↓ Dyeing (Wet Dyeing (Wet

process)process) ↓ ↓ Pointing (Dry Pointing (Dry

process) process)

How Furs Are ProcessedHow Furs Are Processed

DressingDressing The fur dresser receives pelts that have been The fur dresser receives pelts that have been

stretched and dried to preserve them. A pelt stretched and dried to preserve them. A pelt is first soaked in saltwater to soften the skin is first soaked in saltwater to soften the skin and stop bacterial action. Workers called and stop bacterial action. Workers called fleshers scrape away bits of fat and flesh fleshers scrape away bits of fat and flesh adhering to the skin. The pelts are then adhering to the skin. The pelts are then placed in a pickling bath of potash alum or placed in a pickling bath of potash alum or ammonia alum and salt, to which hydrochloric ammonia alum and salt, to which hydrochloric or sulfuric acid is added to decompose the or sulfuric acid is added to decompose the salts and make the skin opaque.salts and make the skin opaque.

DyeingDyeing Furs are dyed for any of several reasons—to Furs are dyed for any of several reasons—to

improve the colors, to eliminate the work of improve the colors, to eliminate the work of matching skins, or to make them look like matching skins, or to make them look like more valuable furs. The furs most often more valuable furs. The furs most often dyed to resemble better furs are marmot, dyed to resemble better furs are marmot, red fox, rabbit, muskrat, squirrel, opossum, red fox, rabbit, muskrat, squirrel, opossum, raccoon, and lamb processed as mouton. raccoon, and lamb processed as mouton. Many of these furs can be made to resemble Many of these furs can be made to resemble marten, seal, chinchilla, mink, or sable.marten, seal, chinchilla, mink, or sable.

PointingPointing

consists of gluing badger hairs consists of gluing badger hairs (sometimes one by one) into other (sometimes one by one) into other pelts, such as fox. The process is pelts, such as fox. The process is often used on pelts that are sparsely often used on pelts that are sparsely haired, or when better quality furs haired, or when better quality furs are to be imitated.are to be imitated.

How Fur Garments Are How Fur Garments Are MadeMade

The first step is matching of the skins, that is, The first step is matching of the skins, that is, choosing skins that are as nearly alike as possible. choosing skins that are as nearly alike as possible. The furs are then cut to the proper size and sent to The furs are then cut to the proper size and sent to the nailer, who wets the sections, stretches them the nailer, who wets the sections, stretches them into the proper shape, and nails them to a board on into the proper shape, and nails them to a board on which the garment pattern is chalked.which the garment pattern is chalked.

After the stretched sections are sewn together, After the stretched sections are sewn together, finishers install the buttons, tapes (reinforcing strips finishers install the buttons, tapes (reinforcing strips of cloth), and linings. The finished garment is then of cloth), and linings. The finished garment is then glazed by wetting and ironing the fur to increase its glazed by wetting and ironing the fur to increase its luster. Glazing from time to time throughout the life luster. Glazing from time to time throughout the life of a fur garment is recommended by furriers.of a fur garment is recommended by furriers.

TrappingTrapping

In colonial America, most of the furs were In colonial America, most of the furs were supplied by Indians and white trappers who supplied by Indians and white trappers who spent their winters tending lines of traps. spent their winters tending lines of traps. Today, most trapping is done by woodsmen Today, most trapping is done by woodsmen and by farmers who operate trap lines to and by farmers who operate trap lines to supplement their incomes. The most supplement their incomes. The most important trapping areas in North America important trapping areas in North America are Canada, the northern United States are Canada, the northern United States (including Alaska), and Louisiana. Trapping (including Alaska), and Louisiana. Trapping is closely regulated by state and provincial is closely regulated by state and provincial governments.governments.

END PRODUCTSEND PRODUCTS

long and short coats, long and short coats, sporty jackets, sporty jackets, vests, long or short coat in mink, vests, long or short coat in mink, raccoon or beaver and in light brown or raccoon or beaver and in light brown or

dark brown. dark brown. Luxury garments Jacket, Luxury garments Jacket, Coats Cravats, Coats Cravats, Scarf's Shrugs Cushions, and Scarf's Shrugs Cushions, and Throws Hats Weddings made of fur from Throws Hats Weddings made of fur from

animals. animals.

Prospectus of Fur Prospectus of Fur fashionfashion

Fur Futures is an international initiative aiming to Fur Futures is an international initiative aiming to provide support for the next generation working provide support for the next generation working with fur, as we believe young people are the with fur, as we believe young people are the future of the fur trade. Fur Futures is building a future of the fur trade. Fur Futures is building a support network for this next generation and in support network for this next generation and in doing so we intend to secure a bright future for doing so we intend to secure a bright future for our young members as well as the fur industry. our young members as well as the fur industry. Being a part of Fur Futures gives members the Being a part of Fur Futures gives members the chance to network with others like them from chance to network with others like them from different countries around the world and gain different countries around the world and gain financial and professional support.financial and professional support.

PROCESS SEQUENCE FOR PROCESS SEQUENCE FOR MANUFACTURING WOOLEN (FUR) MANUFACTURING WOOLEN (FUR)

PRODUCTSPRODUCTS 1. Automatic Bale Plucker1. Automatic Bale Plucker 2. Hopper Fidder 2. Hopper Fidder 3. Ultra cleaner 3. Ultra cleaner 4. Multi Mixer 4. Multi Mixer 5. Scutcher 5. Scutcher 6. Carding 6. Carding 7. Mini Lap Forming 7. Mini Lap Forming 8. Combing 8. Combing 9. Drawing-1 9. Drawing-1 10. Drawing-2 10. Drawing-2 11. Fly Frame 11. Fly Frame 12. Mule Spinning Frame.12. Mule Spinning Frame.

Dyeing process of woolDyeing process of wool

The processing sequence of dyeing is given bellowThe processing sequence of dyeing is given bellow::

WindingWinding Hank formationHank formation Scouring & BleachingScouring & Bleaching DyeingDyeing Hydro-extructingHydro-extructing DryingDrying

KNITTINGKNITTING : : Wool is mostly used for sweater Wool is mostly used for sweater

manufacturing. The knitting m/c used for manufacturing. The knitting m/c used for sweater knitting is widely known as sweater knitting is widely known as “COSSES KNITTING M/C” It is actually the “COSSES KNITTING M/C” It is actually the “V BED KNITTING M/C.“V BED KNITTING M/C.

LINKING:LINKING: The purpose of linking section is to link The purpose of linking section is to link

together the different pars of sweaters.together the different pars of sweaters.

FINISHING & DELIVERY:FINISHING & DELIVERY:The finishing process of sweater follows –The finishing process of sweater follows –

Calendaring Calendaring FoldingFolding PackingPacking Storage and DeliveryStorage and Delivery

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