New Framework Students Book Unit 7

7/28/2019 New Framework Students Book Unit 7

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One world Inversion The environment Expressing doubt Reporting questions, Holidays Waste / rubbish

intentions & advice Rhetorical expressions Letter to the editor

7

Something in the air

Vocabulary & Speaking

1 Work in pairs. Look at the photos and link them to the

expressions in the box. Then answer the questions.

the greenhouse effect carbon emissions

climate change global warming

water shortages loss of biodiversity

1 What environmental problem does each picturerepresent?

2 To what extent is your country affected by each

problem?

3 Which of these problems are you most

concerned about? Why?

Reading

1 Work in pairs. Read the following opinions and

discuss whether or not you agree with them.

1 Increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the

atmosphere do not cause climate change.

2 Reducing carbon emissions may have a

negative effect on developing countries.

3 Global warming is not caused by the

greenhouse effect.

4 Nature is responsible for a lot more carbon

emissions than human activity.

5 High levels of industrial activity do not cause

atmospheric temperatures to rise.

2 Read an article from a scientific website. Which of

the opinions above are mentioned?

Try the internet activities for this unit at www.webframework.net

No one disagrees that the Earths climate is changing, and always has been,nor that it is getting warmer at the moment. But while some believe that

human activity is responsible for global warming, others take the view that it

is a natural phenomenon.The main claim of environmental sceptics is that carbon dioxide released as aresult of human activity is not responsible for global warming, and that higher

levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are not the cause of climate change.Others worry that focusing on the need to reduce carbon emissions mayprevent development in Third World countries, which in turn will hinder efforts

to overcome poverty and disease. One Kenyan development expert says, I dontsee how a solar panel is going to power a steel industry or a railway network.We are being told dont touch your oil, dont touch your coal. That is suicide.

The generally accepted model of the greenhouse effect suggests that the

suns rays generate heat, which is trapped by greenhouse gases in theatmosphere making the Earth warm enough for life to flourish. According tothis theory, if human activity leads to higher concentrations of greenhouse

gases, then the atmosphere will heat up more quickly than the planetssurface, causing global warming. However, scientific data collected fromsatellites does not support this theory.

The sceptics argue further that carbon dioxide is producednaturally in quantities which are far higher than those resulting

from human activity via volcanic eruptions, decaying vegetation

and bacteria. Some even go so far as to accuse humanity ofarrogance in believing itself to be more destructively powerful than

nature. They point out that climate data shows that in the last10,000 years, the warmest periods occurred long before humansbegan to produce carbon dioxide on an industrial scale. And when

industrial carbon dioxide emissions increased sharply in the post-war industrial boom, atmospheric temperatures actually fell.

Global warming clearly requires some kind of explanation, though,and if human activity is not held responsible then one possibility is

that it is the result of solar activity. At different points in the Earthshistory, solar activity has led to reductions in cloud formation.

Since clouds protect the Earth from the suns rays, the result hasbeen higher atmospheric temperatures. Whether this in itself fullyexplains global warming is debateable, but it does suggest that

humanitys guilt has yet to be proved beyond all reasonable doubt.

a b

c d

http://www.globaldebate.com


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Unit 7: One world63

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TAKEAWAY ENGLISH: Expressing doubt

1 Use these words to form four phrases which the film reviewer uses to express doubt.

1 if / surprised / be / Id many people watching it more than once.

2 whether / I / but / doubt anyone finds it easy to ignore the evidence.

3 not / chance / much / theres / of anyone who has seen it remaining unaffected by its message.

4 I / see / really / cant hes ready to put his feet up just yet.

2 7.2 Listen to four conversations in which people express doubt. What is the topic of each conversation?

. a business deal the weather an accident a relationship

3 Listen again. Which phrase from part 1 is used in each conversation? What doubts do the people express?

4 Write four sentences expressing your doubts about the following topics.

1 life on other planets

2 world peace

3 the existence of the Loch Ness Monster

4 the weather next weekend

5 Work in pairs. Read your sentences to each other. Do you share the same doubts?

Ways to save the Earth: Try the interactive activity for this topic on your CD-ROM

3 Read the text again and answer the questions.

1 In what way has global warming divided opinion?

2 How could pressure to reduce carbon emissions

affect developing countries?

3 Why is the greenhouse effect essential for life

on Earth?

4 What evidence is there against the theory that

an increase in greenhouse gases is causing

global warming?

5 What does climate data for the last 10,000 years

suggest about global warming?

6 What do some scientists believe is the

explanation for global warming?

4 Work in pairs. Which of the words in the box would

you use to describe the following. Give reasons for

your answers.

disbelieving angry despairing astonishedsuspicious sceptical neutral open-minded

1 the authors attitude to environmental sceptics

2 the attitude of the Kenyan development expert

3 your own reaction to the text

Listening & Speaking

1 Work in pairs. Look at the film poster and discuss the

questions.

1 What truth do you think the title refers to? In

what way might it be inconvenient?

2 Why do you think the film is so terrifying?

2 7.1 Listen to a radio review of An Inconvenient Truth .

Is the review generally positive or negative?

3 Are these statements true (T) or false (F) according

to the reviewer? If false, explain why.

1 The film is a little hysterical at times.

2 The information in the film is very convincing.

3 Al Gore is a scientific expert on climate change.

4 The film spends too long talking about Gores

involvement in the project.

5 The message of the film is not entirely pessimistic.

6 It is not clear if the film will have a long-term

effect on environmental policies.

4 Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions.

1 What criticism do you think the film has

received from Gores political enemies?

2 In what way do you think state-of-the-art

graphics help Gore to present his argument?

3 What aspects of climate change do the

photographs and animations in the film show?4 What aspects of the film might make it more

successful than similar ones on the same subject?


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Holidays

1 Look at the photos of people on holiday and match

them to the types of holiday in the box.

camping holiday cruise inter-rail holiday

sightseeing holiday package tour

skiing holiday family holiday

sightseeing holiday b

2 Discuss the questions in pairs.

1 Which of these types of holiday have you been on?

2 Which ones would you like to try? Why?

3 Which would you prefer to avoid? Why?

Reading

1 Work in pairs. You are going to read some advice for

people considering a type of holiday called

voluntourism. Before reading, discuss these questions.

1 What sort of places do people go to on a

voluntourism holiday?

2 What kinds of activities does voluntourism involve?

3 What preparation would you need to do before

going on this type of holiday?

2 Read the webpage and check your answers.

3 Without looking back at the text, write down...

1 three things to do before choosing a

voluntourism holiday.

2 three questions to ask once youve chosen a project.

4 Work in pairs. Compare your lists. Then read the text

again and check.

Voluntourism

a b

e

Majorcafrom

t300!

Majorcafrom

t300!

Forget package tours or luxury cruises. No more sightseeing

trips to the local castle or hours spent wandering round

souvenir shops. These are holidays of the past. Or at least

they might be, if the latest trend to hit the travel industry

takes off. Combining a holiday abroad with volunteering on

local projects is one way for travellers and holiday-makers

alike to immerse themselves in local cultures and really make

a difference. Many returning travellers say its a life-changing

experience. But is volunteer travel or voluntourism for

you? Here are our tips to help you decide.

1 Look for something you feel passionate about. There are

numerous ways to help the environment, from helping to

protect endangered animals to providing much-needed

assistance to victims of natural disasters.

2 Be honest with yourself about the kind of person you are.

Living and working in unfamiliar cultures, with people whose

views may differ greatly from yours, can be alienating and

stressful, even for the most open-minded of people.

3 Remember that this is your holiday and there will be times

when you want to be a tourist, not a volunteer. Its a good

idea to choose a company which includes both

volunteering and sightseeing.

4 When youve identified some interesting projects, it is

advisable to find out exactly what your volunteering

duties might involve in each case. You may not be suited

to construction work, for example, or you may lack the

confidence to teach a class of schoolchildren. Make sure

you take your skills and physical fitness into account.

5 Contact the organiser of the trip you choose and ask

for more information about the region and the project. Itmay be in a large city with modern comforts available,

or it may be in an isolated village with no plumbing

facilities.

6 It is strongly recommended that you check what the cost

of the trip covers. It may just pay for you to participate in

the project, but not for your accommodation or food.

You may also have to pay extra for the assistance of

local staff in the country you are going to.

7 The company should provide you with information

about what vaccinations you need, but if not, make

sure you ask directly. The best companies will also

provide an information pack about the project and the

country you are going to. Find out what guidance is

available during and after the trip, too.

www.volunteerholidays.com


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Listening & Speaking

1 7.3 Listen to a description of one of the voluntourism

holidays below. Which one is being described?

3 Work in pairs.

Student A: Turn to page 119.

Student B: Turn to page 125.

4 7.4 Listen to four people giving their opinions about

these holidays and complete the table.

2 Listen again and complete the corresponding

information card.

Preferred place Reasons

Lorna done a bit ofdiving already

Dave

Shona TanzaniaMajeed

You

Your partner

5 What reasons do Lorna and Majeed give for not

choosing the other two holidays?

6 Which of the holidays would you most like to go on?

Complete the corresponding row of the table.

7 Work in pairs. Ask your partner about his / her

preferences and complete the final row of the table.

The Real Thing: Rhetorical expressions

1 7.5 Listen to these sentences from Transcript 7.4

and complete the gaps.

1 So thats the one Id go for, although

I think Ill be going to the Costa del

Sol again, as usual.

2 , though, helping the children of

poor families in Africa is such a worthwhile

thing to do.

3 But it all sounds a little too much

like hard work to me.

4 Ive always had a thing about elephants,

.

2 What is the function of each of these four

expressions? Do you have similar expressions inyour language?

3 7.6 Listen to two dialogues. Which other

expressions did you hear? Why did the speakers

use each of these expressions?

4 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions using the

expressions from parts 1 and 3.

1 Do you think voluntourism is an effective

way to raise awareness of environmental

issues? Why? / Why not?

2 What kinds of people would be most suited

to a voluntourism holiday?3 Would you like to go on a holiday like this?

Why? / Why not?

c d

gf

Country:

Typeofproject:

Mainresponsibilities:

Free-timeactivities:walkintotowntomeetlocals,

Benefitstothevolunteer:

Country:

Type of project:

Main responsibilities:

Free-time activities:

Benefits to the volunteer: helping to conserve

Country:

Typeofproject:community work

Mainresponsibilities:

Free-time activities:

Benefitstothevolunteer:


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Waste not, want not

Speaking & Listening

1 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions and tick ()

the answers that apply to you. Compare with your

partner.

2 7.7 Listen to four people explaining their views on

recycling. Which of the factors in question 2 of the

recycling survey above are mentioned by Owen (O),

Leonard (L), Maggie (M) and Robert (R)?

Recycling1 How often do you recycle things?

K Always.

K Whenever something can be recycled.

K As often as possible, but it depends how

busy I am.

K Occasionally, when I feel particularly guilty

about the environment.

K Never.

2 Why do people recycle things?K Government advertising and publicity

campaigns.

K Availability of resources for recycling

(e.g. containers for separating rubbish).

K Friends and neighbours.

K The media.

K Their conscience.

City Council Survey

How ecological are you?: Try the interactive activity for this topic on your CD-ROM

3 Listen again. Are these statements true (T) or false

(F)? Correct the false sentences.

1 Owen now separates his rubbish into four

different categories. T

2 He thinks recycling should be easier for him

than for the family next door.

3 Leonard is dubious about the councils motives

for raising environmental issues.

4 He believes that the councils campaign will be

a long-term one.

5 Maggie does not mind walking for ten minutes

to the recycling containers.

6 She feels that a realistic proposition would be

for the council to collect the rubbish separately

from each persons house.

7 Robert was surprised to discover how much

rubbish people throw away.

8 He is sure that individuals can make a bigdifference.

Vocabulary

Waste / rubbish

1 Match these definitions to either waste or rubbish.

a) Things that you throw away because they are

no longer required.

b) Useless material or substances left after you use

something.

c) Something which is nonsense or of no value.

2 Which of the words below can be used with waste

(W), rubbish (R) or both (B)?

industrial W nuclear recycle

throw out collect dump hazardous

smelly absolute toxic total

3 Junk can also be used to modify nouns: you can say

junk foodand junk mail . Can you think of any more?

4 What other words can be used in the same way as

rubbish?

5 Complete the sentences with one of the collocationsin Exercises 2 and 3. In some cases, more than one

answer may be correct.

1 I think that campaign is .

2 They havent come to today,

the streets really smell.

3 Some of the neighbours are so rude they just

wherever they like.

4 Theres never anything in my inbox, just

.

5 The only way to keep the planet green

is to .


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Speaking & Reading

1 Work in pairs. Make a list of the different ways waste

can be dealt with.

You can bury it. You can dump it in the sea.

2 Read the article and underline the different ways

of dealing with waste.

3 Read the article again and make a list of the

advantages or disadvantages of these ways

of dealing with waste.


1 What do you think is the best way to deal withwaste?

2 Do you think a policy of zero waste would be

successful in your country? Why? / Why not?

Language focus

Inversion

Practice

1 Complete these sentences with no sooner (than) , not

only (but also), never or not even .

1 No sooner do you arrive you findyourself in a world of peace and relaxation.

2 with a significant pay rise will our

workers consider returning to work. The

company must improve our working conditions.

3 in my life have I experienced such

rudeness and appalling service in a restaurant.

4 has inflation increased under the

present government, unemployment

is rising.

2 Where might you find each of the sentences in

Exercise 1? Match them to the situations.

a) a letter of complaint c) a holiday brochure

b) a political speech d) a union strike

3 Work in pairs. Choose one of the situations in

Exercise 2. Write three more sentences to go with

the situation.

No sooner had we sat down than the waiter moved usto a different table.

Not only did the waiter put his thumb in my soup, buthe also

Although waste disposal is a huge problem formany countries, there is hope on the horizon.New rules mean that countries have to reduce landfillsbecause of the threat they pose to public health, and,while incineration seems attractive, there are politicaland financial problems with this option. Indeed, onlyif countries actually reduce the amount of waste theygenerate in the first place will the problem of wastedisposal become manageable. Many are in fact alreadyturning to a system called zero waste, which it ishoped will bring about the end of landfills anddramatically reduce the need for incinerators.

The idea is that everything should be made frommaterials that can be repaired, reused or recycled,with governments, councils and industry workingtogether to find ways either to turn waste into aprofitable resource or to design it out of the systemcompletely. Many cities around the world haveintroduced a three-level waste collection system,separating organic waste, dry recyclables such asbottles and plastics, and dangerous materials such asbatteries. No sooner do they introduce these systemsthan they suddenly find that they are recycling morethan 50 per cent of their waste.

Not only does zero waste help the environment, butit can also make money. Small businesses that recyclewaste can create jobs in areas of high unemployment.Twenty per cent of waste is difficult or expensive torecycle, but zero waste proposes a system that simplyremoves such materials from the system.

How is this sentence different from the one

highlighted in the article about waste?Zero wastenot onlyhelps the environment, butit

can also make money.

Inversion is a technique used to add emphasis to

an argument.

Complete the rule:

If you putNot onlyat the of a sentence,

you have to the subject and the auxiliary

verb. When there is no auxiliary verb, use the

appropriate form ofdo.

Look at the phrases in the box. What do they have

in common?

No sooner than Not only ... but (also)...

Only if... Never / Rarely... Not even...

Find two more examples of these phrases in the

article. Which auxiliary verb is used to make the

inversion in each case?

See Reference Guide, p.14.

See Workbook, p. 45, exs.12.

Inversion after not only: Try the interactive activity for this topic on your CD-ROM


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The best alternatives

Being green: Try the interactive activity for this topic on your CD-ROM

Form of energy Advantages Disadvantages

1 BiomassEnough produced annually to meet

Costs much

Considerable impact on Large turbines are ugly and spoil the natural2

Can be beauty of the countryside

Important for3

Great benefits for

4They are less

Equipment needed is

Listening

1 7.8 Listen to experts talking about four of the alternative energy sources above. Complete the first column of the table.

2 Listen again and complete the notes in the second column.

3 Listen one more time and make notes in the third column.

4 Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions. Give reasons for your answers.

1 Which speaker do you think sounds least positive about his / her form of energy?

2 Which of these forms of energy do you think will be used most in the future?


Alternative energy

1 Look at the photos. What do they have in common?

2 Match the photos to the alternative energy sources

in the box.

biomass wave power solar power

wind power geothermal power


1 What do you know about how these different

energy systems work?

2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of

each system?

a b

cd

e


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Language focus

Reporting questions, intentions & advice

Practice

1 Report these examples of direct speech using the

reporting verbs provided.1 Listen Sophie, the best thing to do is to end

your relationship with Dan.

Jill advisedSophie to end her relationship with Dan.2 Excuse me, can you tell me if theres another

train before 11 oclock?

Joanna enquired

3 You should definitely do that teaching course,

Mick. Youd really enjoy it.

Gareth encouraged

4 Thanks for lending me that cash, Terry. Ill pay

you back tomorrow.

Janet promised

5 We need some milk, but I dont know if the

supermarket will still be open.

Ravi wondered

2 Work in pairs. Take turns to recommend holiday

destinations, giving reasons.

3 Work with a new partner. Report your conversations

and decide which destination sounds most attractive.

Gabrielle encouraged me to go to Paris and suggestedI visit the Louvre.

Writing

Letter to the editor

1 Work in pairs. Read the letter to a local newspaper

and discuss these questions.

1 What reason does Richard Tallis give for writing

the letter?

2 What arguments does he use to support his

opinion?

3 Why do you think the newspaper editor decided

to publish the letter?

2 You are going to write a letter to a local newspaper

expressing concern about an environmental issue.Think about the following:

your reason(s) for writing the letter

the arguments you can use to support your opinion

how you can encourage the editor to publish

your letter.

3 Write your letter. When you have finished, put all the

letters together to make a newspaper letters page.

Read the other letters and choose one that you

would like to reply to.

PronunciationPronunciation & Spelling I

Do Pronunciation Worksheet 7.

Now do Unit Test 7 on your CD-ROM

Match the extracts (14) from Transcript 7.8 to the

functions (ad).1 We suggest that modern society move away

from excessive dependence on fossil resources

2 we advise politicians to consider the long-

term benefits

3 many scientists are wondering if geothermal

reservoirs will last long enough

4 many Western governments have promised

to investigate its potential more thoroughly.

a) reporting a yes / no question

b) reporting advice

c) reporting a promise

d) reporting a suggestion

Complete each rule (14) with one of the

structures (ad) below.

1 To report a yes / no question we can use

wonder+ .

2 To report advice we can use advise + .

3 To report a promise we can usepromise + .

4 To report a suggestion we can use suggest+

.

a) someone + to-infinitive b) to-infinitive

c) if-clause (ifcan be replaced bywhether)

d) that-clause

Match these other reporting verbs to the structures

(ad) above.

enquire recommend encourage offer

See Reference Guide, p.15.

See Workbook, pp. 4546, exs. 34.

Aberdeen6th August, 2010

Dear Sir / Madam

I am writing to enquire whether your readers share myconcern about the governments plans to construct ten newwind farms around the UK in the next five years. Iunderstand that wind farms are a good source of alternativeenergy. However, they are noisy and ugly, and they damagethe habitat of a great deal of wildlife. If thesefarms are built, fewer tourists will visit the coastand the economy will suffer as a result. Thefuture of the planet is obviously important, butwe must not ignore the possible negative effectsof environment policies. I would be interested toread how other people feel about this matter.

Yours faithfully,

Richard Tallis

New Framework Students Book Unit 7

Documents

Transcript of New Framework Students Book Unit 7