New England Colonies Massachusetts Connecticut New Hampshire Rhode Island.
New England Colonies Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New Hampshire.
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Transcript of New England Colonies Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New Hampshire.
Rhode Island
• 1630’s, Roger Williams troubled puritans in Mass
– said land belonged to the Natives
– he believed in complete “toleration”
– believed in separation of church and state
– Williams fled from Mass. In the middle of winter and lived with the Natives
• Land purchase from Indians
• Started town of Providence
• 1644, he was given a charter for the colony of RI
• Rhode Island first to allow complete religious freedom
– Attracted Jews and Quakers (neither allowed to attend college or public services in England)
– Many new skilled workers and business men settle in town of Newport
Connecticut
• Led by Thomas Hooker in 1636.
• He and 100 settlers went down Conn. River and settled the town of Hartford.
• He was so religious that he was the judge of the Roger Williams trial to kick him out
• Given charter in 1662
• They wrote the Fundamental Orders of Conn. (similar to the Mass. Gov’t)
New Hampshire
• Coastal area north of MA was claimed by MA Bay Co. in 1641.
• In 1679, the King took it from them and made it a Royal colony.
• Meanwhile, Maine would be part of MA until it is made into a separate state in 1830 (part of Missouri Compromise)
New England Confederation
• In 1643, MA and Conn. Joined together (MA Bay, Plymouth, Hartford and New Haven) to protect themselves from the Natives, French and the Dutch.
• RI and ME outposts were ignored—considered too radical
King Charles II, begins to pay more attention and is not
pleased• 1662, he gave RI a new charter
• 1684, the MA Bay charter was revoked
• 1691 MA made a royal colony
• soldiers and royal authorities sent
– church upset by unruly behaviors
– town meetings outlawed
– MA loses cherished independence
New Netherland becomes New York
• NN based on Henry Hudson’s explorations
• Began in 1624
• Dutch settlers had moderate prosperity
– Smuggling big—Gave chance to trade with English
– Didn’t care who leader was as long as they made $
• Leaders were very harsh and had no patience with ideas of toleration
– Peter Stuyvesant, the last leader of NN, was forced to surrender to the English which had claimed it in 1664
– Charles II gave it to his brother the Duke of York.
Pennsylvania
• Settled by religious group called Quakers or Society of Friends
• Had strong views that disagreed with England leadership and churches
– Believed in inner life
– Did not believe in any show of excessive pride
– Did not believe in wars for possession
– Would not pay taxes
– Would not sign contracts (word was good enough)
– Would become the first to abolish slavery in the new world
Colony charter (proprietorship)
• King James owed quaker, Wm Penn money.
• Gave him land in exchange for cash in 1681
• Penn, wrote the Frame of Government for the colony
– Included a “bi-cameral gov’t” (elected advisory council and an elected assembly to make laws)
– Allowed complete religious freedom
– Insisted Indians be treated fairly, and he paid Indians for land
Three waves to Pennsylvania
• 1—Quakers that settled in Philadelphia
• 2—Pietists (Germans) a generic name for groups like the Amish
• 3—Scotch Irish—English and Scotch Presbyterians that were from Ireland
New Jersey
• Started in 1664.
• A proprietorship, granted by the Duke of York
• Quickly gained occupancy by New Englanders that had exhausted their soil.
• In separate deals in 1674 and 1702, E and W NJ were sold to Quakers.
• 1702, The crown combined them and made NJ a royal colony