New England and the Middle Colonies 1601–1700. Puritan Origins: The English Reformation Henry VIII...
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New England and the Middle Colonies1601–1700
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Puritan Origins:The English Reformation
• Henry VIII uses the Reformation for political (and personal) means. England breaks with the Catholic Church
• English (Anglican) church keeps most practices of Catholicism
• Others (Puritans) wanted a full reforming of the church. Wanted to eliminate rituals and focus on the individual
• Persecution of Puritans in England
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Puritans and the Settlementof New England
• The Pilgrims and Plymouth Colony
- want to build a orderly Puritan version of England
- First Holland (to much vice) then onto America
Plymouth Video
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English Migration, 1610-1660
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The Founding of Massachusetts Bay Colony
• Puritans obtain a Royal charter for most of Northeast of America- special provision: gov’t could be located in the colony instead of England
• John Winthrop elected Governor and settled in Boston- “City Upon a Hill” sermon given
• Native Americans- initially few around because of epidemics; relations will break down
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The Early Years of Massachusetts Bay Colony
• Disease spread quickly and killed many. Starvation also an issue
• Settlers kept arriving; especially when Church of England cracks down on Puritan ministers in England
• Immigrants came from all parts of society and unlike Chesapeake many women/children
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The Evolution ofNew England Society
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Church, Covenant, and Conformity
• Puritans influenced by John Calvin- strict discipline in behavior, & predestination
• All town residents must attend church services• Everyone kept an eye on everyone else; trying to
prove saintliness• Sabbath day taken seriously- fines issued for flute
playing or visiting neighbors• Banned practices: Christmas, Easter, cards, dice,
any games of chance, music, dance
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Government by Puritans for Puritanism
• Transformed the joint stock company into a colonial gov’t
• Freemen had voting rights on some issues & gov’t position- Freemen= male church members- “Contrary minded” men forced out
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Splintering of Puritanism• How long did you think it
would last?• Different visions of
Godliness; every town/church had different rules
• Roger Williams • Anne Hutchinson vs. John
Winthrop- Covenant of Grace vs. Covenant of Works
• More divisions of churches
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Quakers and Salem Witch Trials
• Quakers (society of friends) arrive in New England. Different beliefs.- God speaks directly to everyone; do not need preachers or Bibles- Refuse to conform to laws and government, Sabbath- As you can imagine there is conflict between the Quakers and Puritans. - Salem Witch Trials- 100 accused of witchcraft, 19 executed
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The Founding of theMiddle Colonies- last 1/3 of 1600s
• From New Netherland to New York
- Dutch West India Company purchases Manhattan for goods worth 12 beaver pelts from local Natives.
- New Amsterdam
- Low population (although highly diverse) and low profits
- Monarchy restored in England. Duke of York is given New Netherland as a land grant; sent warships and kicked out the Dutch
- Early Governors struggle with controlling the colony because of its’ diversity
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Colonies Colonies in in
Eastern Eastern North North
AmericaAmerica
16501650
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New Jersey and Pennsylvania
• Duke of York subdivides his land grant• Quarrels between officials. William Penn
(Quaker and prominent individual from a military/political family)– Jersey stays a propriety colony (focused
on trade)– Penn given a land grant for a Quaker
colony (Pennsylvania); given to rid England of Quakers
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Middle Middle Colonies, Colonies,
16851685
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Relations with Native Americans and King Philip’s War
• Massachusetts settlers massacre Pequot’s 1637• 1670s warfare erupts in both New EnglandIn New England
- Steady encroachment on Native land- Wampanoags struck back; Chief is Metacomet/King Philip (settlers name for him)
- Counterattacks and thousands are killed.
- Colonists gain upper hand and defeated the Wampanoags with a scorched-earth policy. (see map on the next page)
Aftermath: Hatred of Natives, large war debt, devastated frontier
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King Philip’s War, King Philip’s War, 1675 – 1675 – 1676)1676)
King Philip’s War, King Philip’s War, 1675 – 1675 – 1676)1676)
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Spread of Settlement:
British Colonies,
1650–1700