New Educational Strategies 2

NEW EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIESAND ASIAN COMPETITIVENESS

ASIAN COMPETITIVENESS

Emerging Hot Regions The world senses a very strong Asia-

Pacific pervasiveness in trade and investments, products and

services, culture and technology, philosophies and lifestyles.

despite the fact of its teeming millions of people , undeniable poverty, malnutrition, and diseases

Asians have shown toughness, creativity turning the 21st century into Pacific Century


Emerging Hot Regions2. The emerging New-Industrializing

Nations of :a. Malaysiab. Thailandc. Philippinesd. Indonesiae. Sri Lankaf. Pakistan

ASIAN COMPETITIVENESSEmerging Hot Regions Development trusts in the 80’s are

coming from these configurations:1. The high-tech industrialization and

service – industries of:a. Japanb. Singaporec. Taiwan d. Hong Konge. South Korea


Emerging Hot Regions3. The indigenous and adaptivizing ways

of giant underdeveloped societies like China and India

4. The slow, turbulent development of poor industry-directed countries like Bangladesh, Burma and Vietnam

5. The agriculture-directed nations like Afghanistan, Bhutan, Cambodia, Laos and Nepal.

EMERGENT ISSUES AND NEW CHALLENGESUnder the era of globalization, emergent issues and new

challenges which would be dominant in developing countries in the region can be summarized, but not limited, into:

(i) changing external conditions;

(ii) Re-examining the role of the state/government;(iii) introducing market mechanisms and public-private

partnerships; (iv) decentralization and school-based management; (v) ICT & education in the knowledge-based economy(vi) promoting educational development across the

border; (vii) targeting quality education for all (EFA) including

consideration for vulnerable groups.

EMERGENT ISSUES AND NEW CHALLENGES1. Changing external conditions-

Structural problems in the economies Increased under and unemploymentReduced income, and increased prices, Inadequacy of its domestic social protection policiesAbsolute povertyDifficult to finance increased education expendituresLabor market distortions

Recent economic changes have an immense impact on educational development in Asia- education system needs to be flexible and sensitive to economic changes in future, which by and large cannot be anticipated or predicted.

EMERGENT ISSUES AND NEW CHALLENGES2. Re-examining the Role of the State/Government

made significant contribution to realize high economic performance and human resource development

Intervention in the expansion of primary educationresponsibility for the governance, planning, and

management of education, is changing (decentralization and privatization)

adjustments are being made in assignment of responsibilities and functions in areas such as planning, finance, curriculum, textbooks and instructional materials, teachers, facilities, supervision, and evaluation

Private sector provisions of education would not relieve governments of a significant, even essential, role in accreditation (quality control) and monitoring (consumer protection). Thus, governments can do much more to facilitate and monitor the provision of private education.

EMERGENT ISSUES AND NEW CHALLENGES3. Introducing Market Mechanism and Public-Private

Partnershipshave put their budgetary priorities on national

development and compulsory education-high enrolment ratio in primary education

private sector plays a major role to absorb excess demand for higher education

Indonesia and the Philippines, about 1/3 of secondary school enrolment is in private schools

in the Philippines over 80% of postsecondary education is provided by private sector institutions

Introduction of the market mechanism into the education system and the complementary role of private sector in absorbing demand for post-primary education have made it possible to realize budget allocation and development of the education system as a whole.

EMERGENT ISSUES AND NEW CHALLENGES4. Decentralization and School Based Management

education can be more effective, less costly by decentralizing education management making lower levels of government and communities responsible for educational planning, management, and financing

Decentralization of education administration and management is strongly recommended by international aid agencies

Decentralized administration requires participation of local governments, schools, and communities in educational policy making process, which is expected to improve administration in terms of efficiency and cost-effectiveness at the school level.

EMERGENT ISSUES AND NEW CHALLENGES5. Information and Communication Technology and

Education in the Knowledge-Based EconomyICT revolution has forever changed the way

developing countries in Asia must plan and manage their economies

The rising demand for education and training in ICT demonstrates recognition of its importance on the part of students and workers

The challenge is to support education sector strategies and investments that: (i) strengthen the application of ICT in education and training; (ii) train teachers on the use of ICT in their classrooms; (iii) ensure that education and training support the requirements of developing ICT in each country, and (iv)are equitable, cost-effective, and sustainable

EMERGENT ISSUES AND NEW CHALLENGES6. Promoting Educational Development Across the

Border Opportunities for regional or sub-regional

cooperation offers larger markets, economies of scale, and division of labor, to accelerate growth

Cross-border education- portability of educational qualifications

In the Greater Mekong sub-region (GMS), efforts are being made to coordinate and standardize skills competencies in each of participating countries

In the “East ASEAN Growth Area (EAGA),” demand and supply of human resources can be met across the borders among participating countries at the similar level of economic development so that a broader market and production base can be created

EMERGENT ISSUES AND NEW CHALLENGES7. Targeting “Quality Education for All”

the Asian region has been relatively successful in achieving education for all (EFA) objectives however, access to quality basic education is still insufficient in many Asian countries

there is substantial numbers of children in the region who lack access to school or who drop out before completing school- tend to be in remote rural areas or from poor urban families, and majority of them are girls and women, and ethnic minorities.

The World Education Forum in April 2000 set a goal of eliminating gender disparities in primary and secondary education and ensuring that all children will have access to and complete, free and compulsory primary education of good quality by reaching out to marginalized groups such as the poor, girls and women, and ethnic minorities.

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT MOVEMENTS ACROSS ASIA

What are the HRD Movements towards 21st Century?

5. Sri Lanka- vocational-technical education and re-training of returning migrant workers (5th Plan)

6. India- 7th Plan concentrates on employment-generation activities in its huge states

7. South Korea- 5th Plan seeks to sustain high global exports and improve labor market opportunities for all manpower levels

8. China- 7th plan envisages more technical training to open up new jobs for rural workers

9. Philippines- people-powered 5-Year Plan gears for more grassroots jobs, less government regulations and more private and foreign investments


What are the HRD Movements at Present ?

http://www.adb.org/Documents/Produced-Under-TA/40329/40329-REG-DPTA.pdf

1. The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)—consisting of Cambodia, the People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Myanmar, Thailand, and Viet Nam

a. Agreed to launch the Regional Economic Cooperation Program—to promote economic and social development.

b. The 10-year GMS Strategic Framework 2002–2012 identifies HRD as one of the five strategic areas of cooperation given its potential to enhance competitiveness, increase the returns from physical connectivity, and build a sense of community on common concerns and challenges.

c. The Working Group on Human Resource Development (WGHRD) was established at the Fifth Ministerial Conference in 1995 to address issues in education and skills development, labor and migration, health, and social development





...The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)d. Goal of the HRD strategy. The HRD strategy will

contribute towards the 10-year GMS Strategic Framework that seeks to develop the vision of a GMS that fulfills its vast potential, frees its people from poverty, and provides sustainable development opportunities for all, particularly women and ethnic minorities.

e. The goal of the HRD strategy is to foster sustainable regional human resource development, thereby contributing to increased subregional competitiveness, connectivity, and community. This will promote and sustain economic growth and social development in GMS countries and enhance poverty reduction by delivering the benefits of regional cooperation and integration more equitably.



The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)f. The objectives of the HRD strategy are to : (i) support HRD initiatives that directly facilitate the process of subregional cooperation and integration (e.g., managing labor migration, and harmonizing HRD national regulations and standards to facilitate the effective regional utilization of GMS human resources, such as portability of educational skills and training qualifications); and (ii) address cross-border HRD issues directly linked to GMS integration (e.g., the cross-border transmission of communicable diseases, and human trafficking).



http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/asean/year2003/summit/human.pdf

2. Japan -ASEAN Total Plan for Human Resource Development

http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/actemp/downloads/publications/tanhrd1.pdf

3. FEATURES OF SINGAPORE'S HRD EXPERIENCE







http://www.pmo.gov.my/dokumenattached/speech/files/RMK10_Speech.pdf

4. TENTH MALAYSIA PLAN 2011-2015- Improving Efforts for Human Capital Development in the Public Sector

- We take cognisance that the delivery of efficient and effective government services is closely linked to the quality of human resource. To ensure the best talents remain in the civil service, the framework for human resource management and career development will be improved. Opportunities for civil servants to increase their knowledge and field of expertise will be expanded. In this respect, a world-class civil service college will be established to raise the competency of civil servants.

- excerpt from the Speech by the Prime Minister

in the Dewan Rakyat






4. TENTH MALAYSIA PLAN 2011-2015- Improving Efforts for Human Capital Development in the Public Sector

- Talent Corp or TC was set up as one of the government tools in the 10th Malaysia Plan (2011 – 2015). The prime focus of the 10th Malaysia Plan (10MP) is human resource or human capital development so as to ensure that the long‐term goals of Malaysia’s Vision 2020 will be met. With the establishment of TC, the government hopes to attract foreign professionals and professionally qualified Malaysians working overseas to come back and work in Malaysia. At the same time, the government also wants TC to find ways to retain Malaysian talented professionals to remain in Malaysia.





http://www.pacsa.gov.la/accsm/resources/Brunei/ACCSM%2015th%20%20HRD%20in%20Brunei%20Darussalam%20presentation%20-%20CSI%20Perspective%20v3.pdf

5. BRUNEI DARUSSALAM

6. PHILIPPINES- Philippine Development Plan 2011-16 :

The Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016 of the current administration of President Benigno S. Aquino III intends to pursue the rapid and sustainable economic growth and development, improve the quality of life of the Filipino, empower the poor and marginalized and enhance our social cohesion as a nation.






6. PHILIPPINES- Philippine Development Plan 2011-16 :

- focuses to achieve inclusive growth, and that it is people-oriented; thus,

strengthening the country’s first-rate human resources in order to contribute to a sustained high economic growth.

- further ensures that the benefits of economic growth are felt by all sectors of society; particularly, the marginalized sectors or the so-called poorest of the poor.

- job creation as top priority so that migration is a choice rather than a necessity, based on competitiveness and inclusive growth

NEW EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES IN ASIAN COUNTRIESMalaysia- http://www.pmo.gov.my/dokumenattached/speech/files/RMK10_Speech.pdfThailand- http://www.greengrowth.org/capacity_building/National-Seminar/2011/Thailand/Documents/PRESENTATIONS/1st/2.pdfIndonesia- http://aimp.apec.org/Documents/2011/SOM/WKSP/11_som_wksp_009.pdf

Towards New Receiver and Delivery Systems in the Field of Education,

training and LearningWhere are we now?

1. K+12 program

2. Mother tongue based

3. Understanding by design

4. Formal Education

5. Alternative Learning System

6. TESDA- Investing in the 21st Century Skilled Filipino Workforce

7. Distance Learning/Education

8. Home Schooling

9. Opening/ Upgrading of Universities that caters to development of science and technology and other global demands

10. Others


training and LearningWhere do we want to go?1. Continue the status quo.2. Do a drastic, revolutionary turnabout and

completely overhaul the system3. Do a selective, evolutionary change

situated between the status quo and radical renovations.

4. Align the educational system towards international standards, beginning with ASEAN


training and LearningHow do we get there?1. Switch from pedagogy (correct use of instructive

strategies/instructional design) to mathetics (science of learning). All innovations or improvements or approaches are to be keyed or view from the perspectives and capabilities and aspiration of students, trainees, educands or beneficiaries.

2. More attention to andragogy, the science of teaching adults. –It will be a learning society where communication and information wiil be most pervasive in all sectors.

3. The more extensive use of self-learning methods and materials among students and adults (auto-didactics). Techniques include, programmed instruction, self-learning books and manuals, audio-video cassettes, home study science kits,etc. It does away with the usual classroom-teacher needs.


training and Learning

“ That the delivery system focus must now shift to the receiver system, to those in need of and aspire for education, training and learning rather than just those who teach and administer.”

- Ernesto Franco

THANK YOU!

New Educational Strategies 2

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