New Earthquake

7/29/2019 New Earthquake

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\Earthquakes are the vibrations caused

by rocks breaking under stress. The

underground surface along which the rock

breaks and moves is called a fault plane..

Earthquake occurs when two crustal

plates on earth slide past each other

causing a fault or fracture in the rocks the

result which is sudden trembling of the

earth surface
http://ardictionary.com/Shaking/5767http://ardictionary.com/Shaking/5767


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TYPES OF EARTHQUAKE

tectonic) earthquakes occur along tectonic

plate lines(fault lines) caused by breaking

rocks.

Intraplate Earthquakes

Earthquakes that do not occur on plate

margins are called intraplate earthquakes

caused by thrust faulting due to the rocks

being squeezed or compressed. It seems

that the movement of the tectonic plates

causes the rocks away from their margins to

be compressed.


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Volcanic Earthquakes

Molten rock, called magma, is stored in reservoirs

under volcanoes. As this magma moves upwards, itcan fracture the rock it squeezes through, causing

earthquakes, usually with magnitudes not much

greater than 5.0.

Foreshocks

are smaller earthquakes that may occur in the same

area as a larger earthquake that follows. They are

caused by minor fracturing of rocks under stressprior to the main break that happens during the

largest earthquake of the series, called the

mainshock.


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Foreshocks can start up to a year before the

mainshock, as was the case before the three large(magnitudes between 6.3 and 6.7) earthquakes near

Tennant Creek in January 1988.

Aftershocks are smaller earthquakes that may occurafter the mainshock, in the same area. They are caused

by the mainshock area readjusting to the fault

movement, and some may be the result of continuing

movement along the same fault.

Small earthquakes with magnitudes between 3.0 and 3.5

have aftershocks


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collapse earthquake aresmall

earthquakes in the underground and in

mines that are caused by seismic waves

produced from the explosion of rock on the

surface.

explosion earthquake that is caused by achemical or nuclear explosion.


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CAUSE OF EARTHQUAKE

-Earthquakes are caused by faulting, a

sudden lateral or vertical movement of

rock along a rupture (break) surface.

-The surface of the Earth is in continuous

slow motion. This is plate tectonics--the

motion of immense rigid plates at the

surface of the Earth in response to flow of

rock within the Earth.

-earthquake occurs when the rocks break

and move as a result of stresses caused

by plate movements.


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Earthquake Precautionary

Measures


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What to do before the

earthquake

Be cautious and ready to facedangers that comes your way. Try

to be calm when danger comes so

that you can deal with problemsthat the earthquake brings.

Attend earthquake drills.

To help you get to know aboutearthquakes more, try to read

books or magazines that discuss

about earthquakes.


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Be prepared for first aid kits. It is

also important to be prepared with

flashlights, some batteries or otherimportant tools. Put these things in

a box and put it in a convenient

place where you can grab it ifearthquake occurs. These things

will be very useful in cases of

emergency,

Remove all heavy objects on top of

cabinets and put them at the

bottom of the cabinets.


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Fasten all appliances to the walls

and floor so that they will besecured


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What to do during the

earthquake Do not panic. If there are kids,

gather them together and stay with

them. Kids panic easily so it is

important for you to be with them totell them what and what not to do.

Seek cover under strong tables,

chairs and beds. If you are outdoors, stay away from

tall buildings and walls.


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Avoid staying near electric posts.

Lay down on the ground. Use flashlights instead of open

flames because it might create a

spark that could cause fire if there

is gas leak.

Ran outside the house if you have

time.


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What to do after the

earthquake Check every member of the family.

If someone is hurt, apply first aid.

Do not go inside your house

immediately because there are

often aftershocks.

Check for damages inside the

house.

Shut off the main switch of the

electricity.


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Stay away from damaged

buildings.

Report damages immediately.

Seek help if there are problems.


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BEFORE


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DURING


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AFTER:

WATCH OUT FOR


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The phases of disaster Mitigation:

Lessen the impact of a disaster before it strikes Activities that reduce or eliminate a hazard

Prevention

Risk reduction

Examples

Immunization programs

Public education


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Preparedness:

Activities undertaken to handle a disaster

when it strikes

Activities that are taken to build capacity andidentify resources that may be used

Know evacuation shelters

Emergency communication plan Preventive measures to prevent spread of

disease

Public Education


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Response:

Search and rescue, clearing debris, and

feeding and sheltering victims (and

responders if necessary).Activities a hospital, healthcare system, or

public health agency take immediately before,

during, and after a disaster or emergency

occurs


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Recovery: Getting a community back to its pre-disaster

status

Activities undertaken by a community and its

components after an emergency or disaster to

restore minimum services and move towards long-

term restoration.

Debris Removal Care and Shelter

Damage Assessments

Funding Assistance


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What is Triage?

French verb trier means

to sort

Assigns priorities when

resources limited

Do the best for the

greatest number of

patients
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Deconference-2002-triage-tag.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Deconference-2002-triage-tag.jpg


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In triage causalities are categorized

according to severity of injury. The color

red requires immediate and quick attention

because it means life threatening injury.On this level nurses focus on airway,

breathing, and circulation and based on

that decide the level of interventionneeded.


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Why is Disaster Triage needed

Inadequate resource to meetimmediate needs

Infrastructure limitations

Inadequate hazard preparation

Limited transport capabilities

Multiple agencies responding

Hospital Resources Overwhelmed


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advantages of Triage

Helps to bring order and organization

to a chaotic scene.

It identifies and provides care to those

who are in greatest need

Helps make the difficult decisions

easier

Assure that resources are used in the

most effective manner

May take some of the emotional

burden awa from those doin tria e


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Who decides in triage

Nurses dont act for legal fears of

being blamed for deaths, and lack of

clarity on where they fit in the

command structure

Nurses function to the level of their

training and experience.

If nurses they are the most trained

personnel the site, they are in charge.


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Are nurses prepared??


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Role of nursing in disasters

Disaster preparedness, including risk

assessment and multi-disciplinary

management strategies at all system

levels, is critical to the delivery of

effective responses to the short,

medium, and long-term health needs ofa disaster-stricken population.

International Council of Nurses

(2006)


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Nurses roles in disasters

Determine magnitude of the event

Define health needs of the affected groups

Establish priorities and objectivesIdentify actual and potential public health

problems

Determine resources needed to respond to the

needs identifiedCollaborate with other professional disciplines,

governmental and non-governmental agencies

Maintain a unified chain of command

Communication


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Topics that must be covered by disaster nursing

training

Basic life support

System and planning for settings where nurses

work

Communications (what to report and to whom)

Working in the damaged facilities and with

damaged equipment

Safety of clients and practitioners

Working within a team (understand each membersrole and responsibility)

Infection control

Mental and psychosocial support

(WHO 2006)

New Earthquake

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