New Directions In Real-time Control For Green Infrastructure Marcus Quigley, PE, D.WRE Aaron...
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Transcript of New Directions In Real-time Control For Green Infrastructure Marcus Quigley, PE, D.WRE Aaron...
New Directions In Real-time Control For Green InfrastructureMarcus Quigley, PE, D.WREAaron Poresky, PEDan Pankani, PE
Thursday September 16, 2010
The Big Picture
What roles can and should technology play in addressing specific urban water control problems?
Can passive approaches achieve optimal solutions given the realities of the built environment?
What can we do with dynamic intelligent controls?
What is the state of the art? Where are we heading? What is the larger vision for Water Information
Systems?
Initial ResearchReal-Time Tide Gate Retrofit for Salt Mash Restoration
Patent # 60/850,600 and 11/869,927
Forecast-Controlled Distributed Detention and On-Site Stormwater Use Systems
Intelligent Distributed Infrastructure
Real-Time Control – EPA 2006
Local Manual Control
Local Automatic Control
Supervisory Control
Automatic (Remote) Regional Control
Automatic System-wide Global Control
Predictive System-wide Global Control
Roof Runoff
Overflow
Conventional Underground Detention System
Passive Detention
Discharge to Combined Sewer• Substantial aggregate discharges
during storms• Compulsory, distributed storage
widespread
Roof Runoff
Overflow
Controlled Discharge to
Combined Sewer
Forecast-Controlled Distributed Detention Systems
• Installed Cost $3 - $4 per gallon
• Cheaper, compelling retrofit opportunities
Non-potable Use
Roof Runoff
Irrigation
Overflow
Controlled Discharge to
Combined Sewer
Intelligent Distributed Detention with Integrated Harvesting Systems
• Water savings benefit at low incremental cost
• Mitigates total flows to Combined Sewers
Advanced Rainwater Harvesting
Simplest Definition
Drain storage in advance of predicted rainfall or other trigger
Modeling
Continuous simulation - USEPA SWMM 5 Hourly rainfall data (DCA) 3900 sf of roof area Drain a 2500 gallon, 6-ft deep tank when
full in 12 hours (orifice) Both an uncontrolled cistern and a
forecast controlled cistern were modeled Selected model years: 01/1/1965 -
12/31/1974
Flow Comparison
Jan-65 Jul-67 Jan-70 Jul-72 Jan-750
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
1/1/1965 to 12/31/1974
Flo
w (
cfs)
Baseline
Uncontrolled CisternControlled Cistern
May-07 May-14 May-210
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
May 1972
Flo
w (
cfs)
Baseline
Uncontrolled CisternControlled Cistern
Flow Comparison
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
10/1/1965 to 9/30/1966
Flo
w (
cfs)
Baseline
Uncontrolled CisternControlled Cistern
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
10/1/1965 to 9/30/1966
Flo
w (
cfs)
Baseline
Uncontrolled CisternControlled Cistern
Baseline: Runoff without detention storageUncontrolled Cistern: Runoff with passive orificeControlled Cistern: Runoff with active orifice
Wet-Weather Runoff Volumes Summation of runoff volume during
times when baseline flow is greater than zero
Baseline runoff volume: 12,680 cf/yr
Uncontrolled wet-weather runoff volume: 11,326 cf/yr (11% reduction)
Controlled wet-weather runoff volume: 3,899 cf/yr(69% reduction)
Inverted Siphon Downspout Design(Note: location of cistern is shown close to building for illustrative purposes only)
Existing Downspout Connection to
Combined Sewer
Proposed Connection
to Combined Sewer4” Automatic Drain Valve
Open During Automated Cleaning
Cycle and When Cistern is Full
Flow Splitter/Filter Installed on
Existing Downspout
Inverted Siphon Downspout Pipe(Extends 8’-10’ Above Ground
Level)
Flow During Typical
Use
Flow During
Emergency
Bypass
Flow During Cleaning Cycle or When
Cistern Full
Automated Cistern Drain
Technology Developments
Traditional RTC Limited functionality Abundant input and
control relay devices Size and form-factor
issues
Advanced RTC Wide-ranging,
customizable functionality
Access to web-based information streams
Integrate modeling software
Ubiquitous remote access and control
OptiRTC/OptiStorm Solution
Uses Internet feeds (e.g., NWS Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts and POP) and real-time sensors to control detention function of water storage
Operate autonomously or as integrated system via server-side solution
Web interfaces can be independent of server-side solution.
Internet Based Weather Forecast
or other data source or
Web service API
OptiStorm User Interface Web Services and
User Dashboards
OptiStorm Data Aggregator and Decision Space
Opti Storm Node
Compete Harvesting System Monitoring and Control(Sensors, Valves, and
Actuators)
O p t iS to rm
D a ta
W a re h o u s e
OptiStormData
Warehouse
System Operation
Interfaces with in-the-field measurement devices and internet data feeds
Logs data to internet connected servers Runs models on logged data – producing
“Decision Space” data With measured data, decision-space data, and
conditional logic… Actuates devices in the field Sends internet-based communications
Client-specific data visualization dashboards at optistorm.geosyntec.com (coming soon)
OptiRTC/OptiStorm is….
A means for adding real-time monitoring, conditional decision-making, control, and communications to existing infrastructure and making passive BMP technologies active
A method of making existing and future active BMP technologies adaptive to changing environmental conditions
Where are we headed – Short Term?
RTC modeled hydrograph matching Embedded Models (VS-SWMM) Actuated Green Roofs Retrofit wetlands Retrofit Flood Control Facilities Etc…
The Really Big Picture
Availability of an omnipresent physical computing aggregation, analysis, and
actuation engine.
Ambient Information
Goal Information Conveyed to Individual Target Outcomes
Reduce Consumptive Use Waste
Individual feedback on instantaneous and/or monthly cumulative water use, water pricing data, and/or system demand. Information regarding irrigation consumption best practice based on weather and/or climatic data. Indicating and alerting individuals to changes in local regulatory actions relative to consumptive use such as irrigation bans.
Reductions in consumptive use and changes in timing of use as a result of feedback and awareness of impacts.
Optimize Storm Water Control Usage
Information on how to optimize use of storm water controls that require individual participation (e.g., rain barrel, blue roof, or cistern management).
Optimal use of Rain Barrels or other controls which require operator control and decision making (e.g., drain or leave full) for volume control in urbanized areas.
Reduce CSO Impacts
Information regarding receiving water quality and CSO status in combined sewer areas.
Consumptive use changes based on direct impacts on receiving waters. These could include but are not limited to timing or other decisions about consumptive use and decisions about waste water quality (e.g., what do I send down the drain at a given time).