New developments to progress Smart Buoy Idea Motyzhev S.*, Horton E.**, Lunev E.*,Kirichenko...

New developments to progress Smart Buoy Idea

Motyzhev S.*, Horton E.**, Lunev E.*,Kirichenko A.*,Tolstosheev A.*,Yachmenev V.*

* Marine Hydrophysical Institute NASU/Marlin-Yug Ltd, Kapitanskaya,2, Sebastopol, Ukraine, 99011** Naval Oceanographic Office, 1002 Balch Boulevard, Stennis Space Center, MS 39522-5001,USA

Goals of this year investigations according to the DBCP Workshop recommendations

1. Evaluation of Smart buoy prototype on basis of SVP-BT mini drifter • Design of SVP-BT mini (34-cm hull, 61-cm drogue) as a whole to have a variety of

mini drifters, e.g. subsurface temperature at the 12-m depth • 30-month theoretical lifetime when continuous operation• Reliability of AP measurements• Indication of drogue attachment• Capability of surface waves estimation • Higher space-time resolution of measurements• Some smart parameters (e.g. real-time clock, self-determination of area and season,

etc.)

2. Evaluation of SVP-BTC drifter with 80-m temperature chain • Development of the drifter • Reliability of AP measurements• Influence of drogue on vertical stabilization of chain• Determination of the chain profile• Indication of drogue attachment• Capability of surface waves estimation• Test air drop from C-130 aircraft

Evaluation of Smart buoy prototype on basis of SVP-BT mini drifter

34-cm hull; 3.6 cm OD 1-wire carrier cable as a tether line; 61-cm OD 4-segment holey sock. Drag

Area Ratio=40. Equipped with modified barometric port and Tz sensor

SVP-BT mini drifter, equipped with MT105AM PTT with decreased power consumption

SVP-BT mini drifter, equipped with MT305B PTT (0.5W emitting power and GPS module)

2 drifters 2 drifters

Two versions of SVP-BT mini drifters deployed in the Black Sea (3 Jul 2006)(SST and Tz-12 m)

SVP-BT mini ID40414 in the Black Sea (July-September, 2006)


07.03 07.13 07.23 08.03 08.13 08.23 09.02 09.12 09.22

Map of the buoy drift

Surface and subsurface (12.5m)

temperatures variability

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Te

mp

era

ture

, C

Date


AP measurements by mini drifters with old (ID34252) and modified (ID40414) barometric ports


Submergence data to check the drogue attachment for SVP-B(T), SVP-B(T) mini and SVP-BTC drifters

Rough sea surface

Wrong determination, when extreme waves

Hurricane Katrina


Submergence data to derive sea state and waves

Submergence

sensors

Wind(SubM)~3.4+0.58·SubM [m/s];

Stdev=1.8 m/s


Tracing of drifter by means of MT305A (0.5W+GPS) PTTSVP-BT-GPS mini ID47621

Trimble Lassen iQ GPS module


Possible smart parameters when using GPS PTT

Self-determination of area and season

Choose of time resolution of samples

Self-determination when come ashore

Real-time clock

Etc.


Theoretical lifetime of the buoy in months after 1 year of storage

MT105AOld PTT

MT105AMEconomic PTT

MT305A1.0W+GPS PTT

4*8=32 D-cell Alkaline Batteries

17 20 13

5*8=40 D-cell Alkaline Batteries

22 25 16

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T e m p e r a t u r e s e n s o r s


D e p t h s e n s o r s

Evaluation of SVP-BTC drifter with 80-m temperature chain

80-m SVP-BTC in comparison with 60-m SVP-BTC

Depth of drogue connection with tether is 10 m instead 12.5 m

7 additional temperature sensors at 10, 12.5, 15, 65, 70, 75,

80m

3 additional depth sensors at 15, 35, 60m

Modified barometric port

Trajectories of two 80-m SVP-BTC drifters deployed in the Black Sea (July - September 2006)


AP data for 2 temperature profiling drifters deployed in 2006 by Meteo-France in Gulf of Guinea


The data from temperature sensors measured during drift of the SVP-BTC buoy ID56093

(July - September 2006)


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11

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21

26

2.7.06 12.7.06 22.7.06 1.8.06 11.8.06 21.8.06 31.8.06 10.9.06 20.9.06 30.9.06

T e

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e r

a t

u r

e

SST

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p t

h ,

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Depths of isotherms 20, 18, 14, 12, 11,

10С, measured by SVP-BTC drifter

ID56092 (July - September 2006)

3.89 104

3.8909 104

3.8918 104

3.8927 104

3.8936 104

3.8944 104

3.8953 104

3.8962 104

3.8971 104

3.898 104

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00

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H10sm

3898038900 DT20 DT18 DT14 DT12 DT11 DT1002.07 12.07 22.07 01.08 11.08 21.08 31.08 10.09 11.09


The results of temperature measurements with 80-m SVP-BTC drifter

Mixed layer

Vertical profile Cold intermediate

layer


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D e

p t

h ,

mHorizontal Deflection, m

Mutability of the chain profilesLevels of vertical oscillations

Hreg35=8.1+0.74*H80+0.00238*(H80)2; D=0.24м2

Hreg60=1.8+0.71*H80-0.00118*(H80)2; D=0.27м2

Approximation H35 and H60 depth sensors locations depending on H80 depth sensor data

D e

p t

h,

m

03.07 08.07 13.07 18.07 23.07Date

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Amplitude of vertical oscillations of chain's upper point depending on submergence level

Results of SVP-B mini evaluation

MT105AM PTT MT305B PTT+GPS

Positive results

* Design of the drifter ensures reliable operation for long time* AP channel provides reliable measurements* Sensor of submergence allows to determine the drogue attachment* Submergence data can be used to derive sea state and waves

* Lifetime is up to 31 months after 1 year of storage

* Lifetime is - 25 months (0.5W)* Higher space-time resolution* Some smart parameters

The problems to be settled

* Real-time clock (at the end of this year)

* 1.0W emitting power instead 0.5W (at the end of this year)

* Automatic deployment after drop to water* Automatic switch on after drop

Results of 80-m SVP-BTC evaluation

Positive results

* Lifetime up to 3 months* AP channel ensures reliable measurements* Drogue provides good stabilization of chain's upper point* Depth sensor at the end of chain allows to have location of each temperature sensor within 1 m* Sensor of submergence allows to determine the drogue and chain attachment* Submergence data can be used to derive sea state and waves

The problems to be settled

* To increase reliability and cost-effectiveness of temperature profiling drifter by testing use of acoustic data transmission between drogue and surface float* Improvement of technology to have lifetime up to 6 months* To design the packaging system to avoid damages of drifter during transportation and deployment* Automatic deployment after drop to water (including air drop)* Automatic switch on after drop

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D e p t h s e n s o r s

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New developments to progress Smart Buoy Idea Motyzhev S.*, Horton E.**, Lunev E.*,Kirichenko...

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