New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit...

33
New Developments in LS New Developments in LS-OPT Version 4 OPT Version 4 Nielen Stander, Willem Roux, Tushar Goel 1 Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation April, 2009 Nielen Stander, Willem Roux, Tushar Goel LSTC, Livermore, CA David Björkevik, Christoffer Belestam ERAB, Linköping, Sweden Katharina Witowski DYNAmore GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany

Transcript of New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit...

Page 1: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS--OPT Version 4OPT Version 4

Nielen Stander, Willem Roux, Tushar Goel

1Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

April, 2009

Nielen Stander, Willem Roux, Tushar GoelLSTC, Livermore, CA

David Björkevik, Christoffer BelestamERAB, Linköping, Sweden

Katharina WitowskiDYNAmore GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany

Page 2: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

LSLS--OPT CapabilitiesOPT Capabilities

� Design of Experiments� D-Optimality, Latin Hypercube, Space Filling

� Metamodels� Polynomials, Radial Basis Function networks, Feedforward Neural

networks, Kriging, User-defined metamodels

� Used for variable screening, optimization, prediction, reliability and outlier analysis

2Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

and outlier analysis

� Pre/Post-processor interfaces� ANSA, META-Post, Truegrid, User-defined

� Job distribution� PBS, SLURM, NQE, NQS, LSF, User-defined, Blackbox, Honda,

LoadLeveler

Page 3: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

LSLS--OPT Optimization CapabilitiesOPT Optimization Capabilities

� Optimization solvers� NSGA-II (Non-dominated sorting Genetic Algorithm)

– Multi-Objective global optimization

� Adaptive simulated annealing

– Single objective global optimization. Very fast

� LFOPC

– Original algorithm, highly accurate for single objective

3Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

� Reliability-based Design Optimization

� Topology optimization� LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear)

� Multi-case design

� Large number of elements (1e6 tested)

� General and extruded geometries

� Non-cuboidal design domains

Page 4: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

LSLS--OPT development: 4.0OPT development: 4.0

� Next Generation Postprocessor (Viewer)� New architecture

– Split windows, vertically/horizontally

– Detachable windows

– Spreadsheet type point listing

� Correlation Matrix

– Scatter plots, Histograms and Correlation values

4Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

Scatter plots, Histograms and Correlation values

– Interactive: Display histograms or correlation bars

� Visualization of Pareto Optimal Front

– 4D plotting (already in Version 3.4)

– Multi-axis plot for higher dimensions

– Hyper-Radial Visualization

– Self Organizing Maps (Version 4.1)

� Virtual histories

– Plot history at any point in the design space (Version 4.1)

Page 5: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Outlook: LSOutlook: LS--OPT development: 4.0OPT development: 4.0

� META Post interface� Allows extraction of results from any package (Abaqus,

NASTRAN, …) supported by META Post (ANSA package)

� LS-OPT/Topology� Nonlinear topology optimization

� LS-DYNA based

5Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

� LS-DYNA based

� Multiple load cases

� Linear as well as non-linear

� Design part selection

� Job distribution (queuing) as in LS-OPT

Page 6: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

MultiMulti--Objective Optimization: ExampleObjective Optimization: Example

Thickness design variables

6Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

Thickness design variables

Page 7: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Design criteriaDesign criteria

Minimize� Mass

� Acceleration

Maximize� Intrusion

� Time to zero velocity

7Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

9 thickness variables of main crash members

� Intrusion < 721

� Stage 1 pulse < 7.5g

� Stage 2 pulse < 20.2g

� Stage 3 pulse < 24.5g

Page 8: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Simulation statisticsSimulation statistics

� 640-core HP XC cluster (Intel Xeon 5365 80 nodes of 2 quad-core)

� Queuing through LSF

� Elapsed time per generation ~ 6 hours

� Total of 1,000 crash runs

8Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

� Strategy: Single stage run

� Sampling scheme: Space Filling (MinMax distance) using 1000 points

� Surrogate model: Radial Basis Function Network

� Optimization solver: NSGA-II to find Pareto Optimal Frontier

Page 9: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Correlation Matrix of 1000 simulation pointsCorrelation Matrix of 1000 simulation points

Variables

9Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

Page 10: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Stochastic inputStochastic input

10Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

Truncated normal

Uniform

Page 11: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Variables and distributionsVariables and distributions

11Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

Page 12: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Scatterplot of intrusion: feasibility levelScatterplot of intrusion: feasibility level

12Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

Feasible point

Page 13: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Metamodel AccuracyMetamodel Accuracy

Objective Functions

13Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

Page 14: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Metamodel AccuracyMetamodel Accuracy

Constraint Functions

14Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

Page 15: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Sensitivity: ObjectivesSensitivity: Objectives

15Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

Page 16: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Pareto Optimal FrontierPareto Optimal Frontier

� A hyper-surface of optimal designs for multiple objectives

� Visualization is complicated, hence 4 tools are provided� 4D Spatial plot

– Traditional

Parallel Coordinate plot

16Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

� Parallel Coordinate plot

– Pans and zooms in hyperspace

� Hyper-Radial Visualization

– Weighting of objectives

� Self-Organizing Maps (Ver. 4.1)

– Continuous mapping of objective space

– “Hole” detection

Page 17: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Pareto Optimal FrontierPareto Optimal FrontierSpatial plot: Spatial plot: tt55 in colorin color

17Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

Page 18: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Pareto Optimal FrontierPareto Optimal FrontierParallel Coordinate Plot: Variables and Objectives (Full/Reduced databases)Parallel Coordinate Plot: Variables and Objectives (Full/Reduced databases)

Objectives

18Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

Page 19: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Pareto Optimal FrontierPareto Optimal FrontierHyper Radial Visualization (variable Hyper Radial Visualization (variable t5t5 in color)in color)

Mapped Pareto FrontierAll points are Pareto optimal

Indifference curves(Utopian level)

Sliders for adjusting weights

19Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

Pareto optimal

“Best” design forSelected weighting

Utopian point (origin)

Page 20: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Hyper Radial VisualizationHyper Radial Visualization

� Hyper Radial Visualization (HRV) maps any number of objectives to 2D

� Objectives are placed in X and Y groups

� Grouping does not matter as “best” point (closest to Utopian point) is always the same

� Points on the same contour have the same “value”

20Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

� Points on the same contour have the same “value”

� Objectives can be weighted by moving sliders

Page 21: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

CrossCross--display of selected pointsdisplay of selected points

21Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

Page 22: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Spreadsheet of selected pointsSpreadsheet of selected points

22Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

Page 23: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Probability distributions of constraint valuesProbability distributions of constraint values

Starting Design

23Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

Page 24: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Probability distributions of constraint valuesProbability distributions of constraint values

Optimal Design (equal weights)

24Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

Page 25: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

SelfSelf--Organizing MapsOrganizing Maps

25Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

Page 26: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

SelfSelf--Organizing MapsOrganizing Maps

� In prototype stage (D-SPEX by DYNAmore GmbH shown)

� Released in Version 4.1, Fall 2009

26Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

Page 27: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Hybrid Cellular Automata (HCA) algorithmHybrid Cellular Automata (HCA) algorithm

� In traditional elastic-static problems, material is distributed based on the strain energy (Ue) generated during loading

� For elastic-plastic problems, every finite element must contribute to absorb internal energy (U) which

target (S) → strain energy density

27Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

must contribute to absorb internal energy (U) which includes both elastic strain energy and plastic work during loading.

target (S) → internal energy density

loading

unloading

recoverableenergy ( )

plastic work ( )

Page 28: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Example problem: short beamExample problem: short beam

80 mm

Mf =0.2*

Courtesy

Neal Patel

28Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

80 × 20 × 20 elements*

*~7 minutes/FEA (DYNA) evaluation

40 mm

20mm

20mm

v0=40 m/s

v0

x

zy

Page 29: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Nonlinear-dynamic

Effects of model simplificationsEffects of model simplifications

Mf =0.2* Courtesy

Neal Patel

29Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

Linear-static

Nonlinear-static

y

x

z

Page 30: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Short beam: extrusion resultsShort beam: extrusion results

Conventional topology(no extrusion)

Extruded topology

Mf =0.2*Courtesy

Neal Patel

30Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

y

x

z

dmax= 40.1 mm dmax= 47.6 mm

y

z

v0=20 m/s

Page 31: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Problem DefinitionProblem Definition

L=800mm

W=200m

m

H=

200m

m

Fixed

Fixed

L=800mm

W=200m

m

H=

200m

m

Fixed

Fixed

L=800mm

W=200m

m

H=

200m

m

Fixed

Fixed

31Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

� Three poles hit the fixed-fixed beam with an initial velocity of 40m/s, one at a time (three load cases)

� Get the optimal structure with 30% mass, equal importance of each load case

� Mesh size – 10mm3, Material: Bi-linear Aluminum

� MPP LS-DYNA simulations with 8 processors per case

L=800mm

W=200m

m L=800mm

W=200m

m L=800mm

W=200m

m

Page 32: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Final ResultsFinal Results

� 37 iterations to obtain optimal topology

� The initial shape was evolved within 20 iterations

� Tabular structure with two legs was evolved as optima

It=1

It=10

It=30

It=1

It=10

It=30

32Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation

optima

� Uniform distribution of material

It=20

It=30

It=37

It=20

It=30

It=37

Page 33: New Developments in LSNew Developments in LS-O- PT Version 4 … · LS-DYNA explicit and implicit (linear + nonlinear) Multi-case design Large number of elements ... Queuing through

Estimated beta releaseEstimated beta release

� Version 4.0: April, 2009

� Version 4.1: September, 2009

� Topology Optimization, April, 2009

33Copyright © 2008 Livermore Software Technology Corporation