*new young employees

1- Employers are often reluctant to hire young people, even though there are more than

850,000 unemployed 16-24 year olds and UK businesses are struggling to fill one in five

vacancies because of skill shortages.

2- they are skeptical about young people's skills and their readiness for work.

3- but a growing number of companies are setting up schemes to recruited young workers.

4- they can be surprised by the results.

*new definition of superpower

1- the superpower has international text which means having control power and political

power.

2- it's including

3-in terms of green superpower

4- in addition to the green energy superpower companies should meet above global average...

emission and....

*(new)

1-Students who do not listen to lectures and seminars

2- they do not ask questions and stay silent,

3-but why is that?

4-Some of them think that these lectures are only for listening and hearing. 1

*(new)

1-The language and its endeavors

2-the language of music, and now

3-music can be written into text

4-so we can understand the historic art and music/poetry written by our ancestors

*Earthquake (new)

1. At 5:12 a.m. on April 18, 1906, the people of San Francisco were awakened by an

earthquake that would devastate the city.

2. The main temblor, having a 7.7–7.9 magnitude, lasted about one minute and was the result

of the rupturing of the northernmost 296 miles of the 800-mile San Andreas fault.

3. But when calculating destruction, the earthquake took second place to the great fire that

followed.

4. The fire, lasting four days, most likely started with broken gas lines and, in some cases, was

helped along by people hoping to collect insurance for their property—they were covered for

fire, but not earthquake, damage.

*new

1-It was there that Rosa Parks, an African American woman refused to vacate her seat in the

middle of the bus, so that a white man could sit in her place.

2- she was arrested for her civil disobedience.

3-Park’ arrest, a coordinated tactic meant to spark a grassroots movement, succeeded in

catalyzing the Montgomery bus boycott.

4- Park was chosen by king as the face for his campaign because of Park’s good standing with

the community, her employment and her marital status.

*new

1- Early in 1938, Mario de Andrade, the municipal secretary of culture here, dispatched a four-

member Folklore Research Mission to the northeastern hinterlands of Brazil on a similar

mission.

2- His intention was to record as much music as possible as quickly as possible, before

encroaching influences like radio and cinema began transforming the region’s distinctive

culture.

3- Traveling by truck, horse and donkey, they recorded whoever and whatever seemed to be

interesting: piano carriers, cowboys, beggars, voodoo priests, quarry workers, fishermen,

dance troupes and even children at play.

4- But the Brazilian mission’s collection ended up languishing in vaults here

*new

1. A requirement of Humanities 104 is to write a persuasive paper on a topic of your choice.

2. The topic you choose should be supported by a range of sources.

3. The source should be cited under guidelines, and the final draft should be written in APA

styles.

4. The final draft is due one week before the final exam

*New Developing language skills

1-According to recent research, the critical period for developing language skills is between

ages of three and five and a half years.

2- children who are read to these years have a far better chance of reading well in school,

indeed, of doing well in all their subjects.

3-This correlation is far and away the highest yet found between home influence and school

success.

4-The reason is actually quite simple.

5-the read to child has a large vocabulary and sense of grammar and sentence structure.6-

her comprehension of language is therefore very high.

Linguistics

1. It is wrong, however, to exaggerate the similarity between language and other cognitive

skills, because language stands apart in several ways.

2. For one thing, the use of language is universal—all normally developing children learn to

speak at least one language, and many learn more than one.

3. By contrast, not everyone becomes proficient at complex mathematical reasoning, few

people learn to paint well, and many people cannot carry a tune.

4. Because everyone is capable of learning to speak and understand language, it may seem to

be simple.

5. But just the opposite is true—language is one of the most complex of all human cognitive

abilities.

Sepahu in Peru

1. Sepahua, a ramshackle town on the edge of Peru’s Amazon jungle, nestles in a pocket on

the map where a river of the same name flows into the Urubamba.

2. That pocket denotes a tiny patch of legally luggable land sandwiched between four natural

reserves, all rich in mahogany and accessible from the town.

3. In 2001 the government egged on by WWF, a green group, tried to regulate logging in the

relatively small part of the Peruvian Amazon where this is allowed.

4. It abolished the previous system of annual contracts.

5. Instead, it auctioned 40-year concessions to areas ruled off on a map, with the right to log

5% of the area each year. The aim was to encourage strict management plans and sustainable

extraction.

International Dateline

1. International dateline, imaginary line on the earth’s surface, generally following the 180°

meridian of longitude, where, by international agreement, travelers change dates.

2. Traveling eastward across the line, one subtracts one calendar day; traveling westward,

one adds a day.

3. The date line is necessary to avoid a confusion that would otherwise result.

4. For example, if an airplane were to travel westward with the sun, 24 hours would elapse as

it circled the globe, but it would still be the same day for those in the airplane while it would

be one day later for those on the ground below them.

5. The same problem would arise if two travelers journeyed in opposite directions to a point

on the opposite side of the earth, 180° of longitude distant.

6. The apparent paradox is resolved by requiring that the traveler crossing the date line

change his date, thus bringing the travelers into agreement when they meet.

Web Security

1. In the lobby of Google’s headquarters in Mountain View, California, computer screens

display lists of the words being entered into the company’s search engine.

2. Although Google says the system is designed to filter out any scandalous or potentially

compromising queries, the fact that even a fraction of searches can be seen by visitors to the

world’s biggest search company is likely to come as a shock to internet users who think of

web browsing as a private affair.

3. That may be changing.

4. Over the past year, a series of privacy gaffes and government attempts to gain access to

internet users’ online histories have, along with consolidation among online search and

advertising groups, thrust the issue of internet privacy into the spotlight.

5. This presents a challenge to Google and other internet search companies, which have built

a multi-billion dollar industry out of targeted advertising based on the information users

reveal about themselves online.

Pilot

1. After finishing first in his pilot training class, Lindbergh took his first job as the chief pilot

of an airmail route operated by Robertson Aircraft Co. of Lambert Field in St. Louis, Missouri.

2. He flew the mail in a de Havilland DH-4 biplane to Springfield, Peoria and Chicago, Illinois.

3. During his tenure on the mail route, he was renowned for delivering the mail under any

circumstances. 4. After a crash, he even salvaged stashes of mail from his burning aircraft and

immediately phoned Alexander Varney, Peoria’s airport manager, to advise him to send a

truck.

Technology Pros and Cons

1. Technology has drawbacks but also benefits;

2. For example, mobile phone;

3. Someone driving a car and calling, causing an accident or hazard;

4. But we cannot deny the benefits of science and technology;

Brazilian Music

1. 1938, Brazil’s music and folk’s what

2. Then Brazilian

3. Their record is a natural voice, the voice of cattle and sheep

4. What is the record intension 1-16 the second

Arun Maria Boston Consulting

1. Innovation in India is as much due to entrepreneurialism as it is to IT skills, says Arun Maria,

chairman of Boston Consulting Group in India.

2. Indian businessmen have used IT to create new business models that enable them to

provide services in a more cost-effective way.

3. This is not something that necessarily requires expensive technical research.

4. He suggests the country’s computer services industry can simply outsource research to

foreign universities if the capability is not available locally.

5. “This way, I will have access to the best scientists in the world without having to produce

them myself,” says Mr. Maria.

Car Accident

1. More car accident in the morning,

2. Examples and figures, (For example in port Macquarie)

3. In particular, teenage driver accidents, (They some other people) Link: these case

4. Attention should be paid to the young people more concern, (More concern about them)

5. New measures, recommendations more qualifications for teenager to get license (Also

there is a system)

System

1. Ask what system can be how?

2. Well, there is a direct answer to the question.

3. It is a system .... (Note that the pronoun refers to the first sentence of the system),

4. This enables ... tools .... (This refers to the system and introduce tools)

5. These tools .......

Australia’s Immigration Policy

1. Australia used to have a generous immigration policy for refugees fleeing violence and

conflict.

2. We took even more than our share of refugees on a population-weighted basic.

3. With the election of a new administration, all refugees were subject to detention while

waiting for a decision on their application.

4. At the same time, a raft of changes was introduced to alter Australia's migration law and

policy.

5. The rate of refugee arrivals has indeed slowed; but, as some argue, at the expense of our

human rights reputation.

Railway Development

1. First said before the rail with wood,

2. Later industrialized,

3. Changed to steel,

4. A few years later a personal invention of the wagon,

5. Finally, how can this wagon look like

Cook and Debt

1. Take a company to do an example,

2. pull money, there are mentioned debt,

3. Leave it to the cook for X years，

4. That is the recipe of many....companies.

German Invasion

1. German invasion of Poland officially triggered the Second World War.

2. In the beginning, Britain and France were hopeful that Poland should be able to defend her

borders.

3. But Polish forces could not defend long a border.

4. They lacked compact defense lines and additionally their supply line were also poorly

protected.

5. Meanwhile, the world had woken up to the potential of atomic energy and countries were

conducting tests to exploits the same.

Ocean Floors

1. The topography of the ocean floors is none too well known, since in great areas, the

available surroundings are hundreds or even thousands of miles apart.

2. However, the floor of Atlantic is becoming fairly well known as a result of special surveys

since 1920.

3. A broad, well-defined ridge - the Mid-Atlantic ridge - runs north and south between Africa

and the two Americas.

4. Numerous other major irregularities diversify the Atlantic floor.

5. Closely spaced surroundings show that many parts of the ocean floors are as rugged as

mountainous regions of the continents.

Ants

1. The communities of ants are sometimes very large, numbering even to 500,000 individuals.

2. And it is a lesson to us that no one has ever yet seen quarrel between any two ants

belonging to the same community.

3. However, they are in hostility not only with most other insects, including ants of different

species, but even with those of the same species if belonging to different communities.

4. I have over and over again introduced ants from one my nets into another nest of the same

species, and they were invariably attacked, seized by a leg or an antenna, and dragged out.

5. It is evident, therefore, that the ants of each community all recognize one another, which

is very remarkable.

Retired Engineer

1. In 1992, a retired engineer in San Diego contracted a rare brain disease that wiped out his

memory.

2. Every day he was asked where the kitchen was in his house, and every day he didn’t have

the foggiest idea.

3. Yet whenever he was hungry he got up and propelled himself straight to the kitchen to get

something to eat.

4. Studies of this man led scientists to a breakthrough: the part of our brains where habits are

stored has nothing to do with memory or reason.

5. It offered proof of what the US psychologists William James noticed more than a century

ago – that humans “are mere walking bundles of habits”.

Barnes’s Books

1. Unlike Barnes’ previous books, Mother of Storms has a fairly large cast of viewpoint

characters.

2. This usually irritates me, but I didn’t mind it here, and their interactions are well-handled

and informative, although occasionally in moving those about the author’s manipulation are

a bit blatant.

3. They’re not all necessarily good guys, either, although with the hurricanes wrecking

wholesale destruction upon the world’s coastal areas, ethical categories tend to become

irrelevant.

4. But even the Evil American Corporate Magnate is a pretty likable guy.

Literacy Project

1. A University of Canberra student has launched the nation’s first father- led literacy project,

to encourage fathers to become more involved in their children’s literacy.

2. Julia Bocking’s Literacy and Dads (LADS) project aims to increase the number of fathers

participating as literacy helpers in K-2 school reading programs at Queanbeyan Primary

Schools.

3. “There’s no program like this in Australia,” Ms. Bocking said, who devised the project as

the final component of her community education degree at the University.

4. Having worked as a literacy tutor with teenagers, Ms. Bocking saw the need for good

attitudes towards reading to be formed early on-with the help of more male role models.

Carbon Detox

1. In his fascinating book Carbon Detox, George Marshall argues that people are not

persuaded by information.

2. Our views are formed by the views of the people with whom we mix. Of the narratives that

might penetrate these circles, we are more likely to listen to those which offer us some

reward.

3. He proposes that instead of arguing for sacrifice, environmentalists should show where the

rewards might lie.

4. We should emphasize the old-fashioned virtues of uniting in the face of a crisis, of

resourcefulness and community action.

Healthy Food

1. Fruit and vegetable intake is important for the prevention of future chronic disease. So it’s

important to know whether intakes of teens are approaching national objectives for fruit and

vegetable consumption.

2. Larson and colleagues from the University of Minnesota undertook the study to examine

whether or not teens in the state were increasing their intake of fruits and vegetables. The

study gathered information about fruit and vegetable intake among 944 boys and 1,161 girls

in 1999 and again in 2004.

3. Ultimately, Teens in middle adolescence are eating fewer fruits and vegetables than in

1999, Larson and colleagues found.

4. This is giving us the message that we need new and enhanced efforts to increase fruit and

vegetable intake that we haven’t been doing in the past.

Young People and Money

1. Now, young people are getting more and more money.

2. spend money faster than making money

3. and then have to be repayment.

UN

1. … called UN;

2. UN … ;

3. it … to focus on world problems;

4. for example, it invites presidents etc. to attend the conference and discuss problems as …

5. … those problems will otherwise not able to …

Engineers

1. Engineers are much needed to develop greener technologies, he says.

2. “The energy sector has a fantastic skills shortage at all levels, both now and looming over

it for the next 10 years,” he says.

3. “Not only are there some good career opportunities, but there’s a lot of money going into

the research side, too.

4. With the pressures of climate change and the energy gap, in the last few years funding from

the research councils has probably doubled.”

Fibres

1. Fibres suitable for clothing have been made for the first time from the wheat protein gluten.

2. The fibres are as strong and soft as wool and silk, but up to 30 times cheaper. Narenda

Reddy and Yiqi Yang, who produced the fibres at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, say

that because they are biodegradable they might be used in biomedical applications such as

surgical sutures.

3. After five years and $6 billion in development, plus months of delay, Microsoft finally

launched its Vista operating system on 30 January.

4. Vista includes software for better handling of audio and video files, and for searching and

sorting digital images.

5. It has home and business versions, as well as a premium version called Vista Ultimate, which

allows people to use video rather than still images as wallpaper on their PCs.

A map in the ticket hall

1. For as long as I can remember, there has been a map in the ticket hall of Piccadilly Circus

tube station supposedly showing night and day across the time zones of the world.

2. This is somewhat surprising given the London Underground's historic difficultly in grasping

the concept of punctuality.

3. But this map has always fascinated me, and still does, even though it now seems very

primitive.

4. This is because it chops the world up equally by longitude, without regard the reality of

either political divisions or the changing seasons.

The hypothesis

1. There are numerous examples of this, dating from the Greek philosophers to the present

day. One common mistake is to ignore or rule out data which do not support the hypothesis.

2. Ideally, the experimenter is open to the possibility that the hypothesis is correct or

incorrect.

3. Sometimes, however, a scientist may have a strong belief that the hypothesis is true (or

false), or feels internal or external pressure to get a specific result.

4. In that case, there may be a psychological tendency to find "something wrong", such as

systematic effects, with data which do not support the scientist's expectations, while data

which do agree with those expectations may not be checked as carefully.

5. The lesson is that all data must be handled in the same way.

Teens

1. Teen personal durable ownership is up.

2. Thus, the presence of a teen in the home accelerate and influences purchase of

entertainment durables

3. The study goes on to profile Indian teens, segments them on their mind-set, media

preferences, attitudes and how they behave in the market place

4. To a large extent, it also fulfils the need for an substitutional zed system of gathering

information on the dynamic market segment on a regular basis. There is a lot of justification

in making the NFOCoke Teen perspective report an annual exercise.

Manage yourself

1. Earlier on, Dishu had applied his expectancy theory in a step by step process used mainly

as a oneon- one approach between the manager and the employees

2. It was not designed for the entire organizations.

3. Nevertheless, Dishu organized a team and implemented, tested and gathered data to

measure results in the corporate environment

4. Everyone was flabbergasted by his success

5. In his second book ‘Manage yourself’, Dishu explained how the expectancy theory

convinced managers and employees that managing the individual works better than treating

everyone the same

Children's depression

1. Just as with adults, pessimistic ways of interpreting defeats seem to feed the sense of

helplessness and hopelessness at the heart of children's depression.That people who are

already depressed think in these ways has long been known

2. What has only recently emerged, though, is that children's beliefs about their own ability

to control what happens in their lives

3. This insight suggests a window of opportunity for inoculating them against depression

before it strikes.

4. One line of evidence comes from studies of children's belief about their own ability to

control what happens in their lives- for example, being able to change things for the better.

This assessed by children's rating of themselves in such term as : 'when I have problems at

home I'm better than most kids at helping to solve problems' and 'When I work hard, I get

good grades'.

Economic reform

1. It is clear that there is not consensus on economic reform

2. Otherwise the Congress would not have opposed PSU disinvestment today

3. Nor would allies of ruling NDA opposes privatization

4. All this would stop India from becoming the next superpower.

Dietary supplements

1. Dietary supplements can appear to be a healthful option for treating certain health

conditions.

2. Their labels list herbs or other natural ingredients that consumers assume are safe to take.

3. But over the past several years, regulators have detected prohibited substances in some of

these products that aren’t included on the labels.

4. The drug sibutramine is one of these substances.

5. It was once approved for weight loss but was withdrawn after concerns arose that the

medication could increase the risk of heart attacks.

The Highway Code

1. In language learning, there is a disncon between ―competence‖ and ―performance‖.

Competence is a state of the speaker's mind - what he or she knows.

2. Separate from actual performance - what he or she does while producing or

comprehending language. In other words, competence is put to use through performance.

3. An analogy can be made to the Highway Code for driving. Drivers know the Code and have

indeed been tested on it to obtain a driving license.

4. In actual driving, however, the driver has to relate the Code to a continuous flow of

changing circumstances, and may even break it from time to time.

5. Knowing the Highway Code is not the same as driving.

A German sociologist

1. This site contains a comprehensive listing of the works of Norbert Elias, a German

sociologist.

2. The site lists not only his published books and articles but also manuscripts and oral

communications, in a variety of media and including reprints and translations.

3. The material has been catalogued, cross-referenced and organized by date.

4. There is, however, no search facility.

The destruction of the forests

1. The earth is losing its forests. Presently, trees cover about 30 percent of the earth's surface,

but they are being destroyed at an alarming rate, especially in the tropics.

2. Timber harvesting is a major reason for the destruction of the forests.

3. The timbers are used for building houses, making furniture, and providing pulp for paper

products, such as newspapers and magazines.

4. At least 40 hectares of rainforest are being felled every minute, mostly in order to extract

the valuable timber.

5. Another way that man is destroying the world's forests is by burning them down. In the

Amazon, for example, rainforests are being burnt down at a rate of 20 hectares a minutes.

Historical records

1. Historical records, coins, and other date-bearing objects can help - if they exist. But even

prehistoric sites contain records - written in nature's hand.

2. The series of strata in an archaeological dig enables an excavator to date recovered objects

relatively, if not absolutely.

3. However, when archaeologists want know the absolute date of a site, they can often go

beyond simple stratigraphy.

4. For example, tree rings, Dendrochronology (literally, ―tree me‖) dates wooden artefacts

by matching their ring patterns to known records, which, in some areas of the world, span

several thousand years.

Festival in The Desert

1. The "Festival in The Desert" is a celebration of the musical heritage of the Touareg, a fiercely

independent nomadic people.

2. It is held annually near Essakane, an oasis some 40 miles north-west of Timbuktu, the

ancient city on the Niger River.

3. Reaching it tests endurance, with miles of impermanent sand tracks to negotiate.

4. The reward of navigating this rough terrain comes in the form of a three-day feast of music

and dance.

Native English speaker

1. Anyone wanting to get to the top of international business, medicine or academia (but

possibly not sport) needs to be able to speak English to a pretty high level.

2. Equally, any native English speaker wanting to deal with these new high achievers needs to

know how to talk without baffling them.

3. Because so many English-speakers today are monoglots, they have little idea how difficult

it is to master another language.

4. Many think the best way to make foreigners understand is to be chatty and informal.

5. This may seem friendly but, as it probably involves using colloquial expressions, it makes

comprehension harder.