NEW DEAL PROGRAMS
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Transcript of NEW DEAL PROGRAMS
NEW DEAL PROGRAMS
ACTS PASSED DURNING FIRST HUNDRED DAYS CONGRESS,
1933
Bank holiday
Stopped massive withdrawals by closing banks temporarily
Kept banks in business, helped restore public trust
Beer and Wine Beer and Wine Revenue ActRevenue Act
► Prohibition is Prohibition is repealedrepealed
► Beer and wine are Beer and wine are taxedtaxed
CCC—Civilian Conservation Corps Provided jobs for
unemployed men, ages 18-25
They planted trees, landscaped parks
Young men earned $30/month they could send home, did not become criminals
We still enjoy what they created
FERAFERA Federal Emergency Federal Emergency
Relief AdministrationRelief Administration $500 million in relief $500 million in relief
to state and local to state and local agencies; created agencies; created jobs and provided jobs and provided direct relief to those direct relief to those who needed it mostwho needed it most
Government Government recognizes a need to recognizes a need to provide direct relief provide direct relief in times of disasterin times of disaster
FERA (New Deal)FERA (New Deal)
FEMA (today…founded in 1979)FEMA (today…founded in 1979)
AAA—Agricultural Adjustment Act
Paid farmers to reduce their output of corn, cotton, and other crops
Caused prices to rise Government still
subsidizes farm goods today
AAA…effectsAAA…effects
Helped farmers pay mortgages so they would Helped farmers pay mortgages so they would not lose their farmsnot lose their farms
Put some people out of work on farms as Put some people out of work on farms as production decreasedproduction decreased
TVA—Tennessee Valley Authority
Built a series of new dams
Brought electricity and flood control to the region
Improved the standard of living in the area; still does so today
HOLC—Home Owners’ HOLC—Home Owners’ Refinancing ActRefinancing Act
► Helped people Helped people refinance refinance mortgages on non-mortgages on non-farm homesfarm homes
► Bailed out Bailed out mortgage-holding mortgage-holding banks that were in banks that were in troubletrouble
FDICFDIC Part of Glass-Part of Glass-
Steagall ActSteagall Act Insured each Insured each
account in the bank account in the bank for up to $5000for up to $5000
Today, your Today, your deposits in FDIC deposits in FDIC insured banks are insured banks are protected up to protected up to $100,000 (lately, $100,000 (lately, $250,000)$250,000)
Adds to people’s Adds to people’s confidence in banksconfidence in banks
NIRA—National Industrial Recovery Act
Stabilized prices, raised wages, limited work hours, provided jobs
Created the PWA and NRA
Eventually led to the idea of minimum wages, maximum hours
NRA—National Recovery NRA—National Recovery AdministrationAdministration
Encouraged Encouraged businesses to draw businesses to draw up “fair codes of up “fair codes of competition”competition”
Helped set hours, Helped set hours, prices, wagesprices, wages
Guaranteed the Guaranteed the right of workers to right of workers to organizeorganize
Not always Not always successfulsuccessful
PWAPWA
► Public Works Public Works AdministrationAdministration
► Contracted with Contracted with private companies private companies to provide jobs to provide jobs
► Roads, public Roads, public buildings, and other buildings, and other projectsprojects
Lincoln Park and Lake Shore DriveLincoln Park and Lake Shore Drive
Other New Deal programs….
Late 1933-1939
CWA (Civil Works Administration)
Branch of FERA Created jobs during harsh winter “make-work” tasks Accusations of “boondoggling”
WPA—Works Progress Administration
Gave jobs to blue collar and white collar workers
Buildings, bridges, roads
Murals, oral histories, theater
Products are still around today
SECSEC
Regulates Regulates companies that sell companies that sell stocks and bondsstocks and bonds
Protects people Protects people from insider from insider trading and other trading and other abuses in the stock abuses in the stock market systemmarket system
Reciprocal Trade Reciprocal Trade Agreement ActAgreement Act
Authorized US to Authorized US to lower tariff rates by lower tariff rates by as much as 50% as as much as 50% as long as the other long as the other country involved country involved lowered tariffs as welllowered tariffs as well
FHA—Federal Housing FHA—Federal Housing AdministrationAdministration
Loans to Loans to householders to householders to improve their homes improve their homes or build new onesor build new ones
Still aroundStill around
NYA
National Youth Administration
Provided high school and college age Americans with part-time jobs so they could stay in school
Wagner-Connery ActWagner-Connery Act
Guarantees Guarantees workers’ rights to workers’ rights to organize unions organize unions and bargain and bargain collectively for collectively for better wages and better wages and working conditionsworking conditions
Social Security ActSocial Security Act
Unemployment Unemployment insurance for workers insurance for workers who lose their jobswho lose their jobs
Pensions to retired Pensions to retired workers over age 65workers over age 65
Payments to people Payments to people with disabilities, the with disabilities, the elderly, wives and elderly, wives and children of male children of male workers who diedworkers who died
Fair Labor Standards ActFair Labor Standards Act
Set minimum wage Set minimum wage and maximum work and maximum work hours/overtimehours/overtime
Set limits on child Set limits on child laborlabor
Odds and endsOdds and ends
““forgotten man”forgotten man” ““the only thing we the only thing we
have to fear is fear have to fear is fear itself”itself”
Fireside chatsFireside chats PolioPolio Brains trustBrains trust Packing the CourtPacking the Court
“Equality under the New Deal” Segregation in jobs, lower wages, and lack of
access to model towns African-Americans helped build during the New Deal
More than 100 African-Americans named to posts in the government by FDR
Eleanor Roosevelt was a strong proponent of Civil Rights
More tribal rule for Native Americans
Marian Anderson Marian Anderson
Huey Long’s Huey Long’s “Share Our Wealth” Plan“Share Our Wealth” Plan
Tax the rich highly Tax the rich highly so that each poorer so that each poorer family can receive family can receive a minimum of a minimum of $5000$5000
Good idea or not?Good idea or not?
Did Roosevelt go too far with the New Deal?