NEW CONCEPT OF NEW VACCINE. Airborne vaccine A. Varicella Vaccine: Type: live attenuated vaccine. ...
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Transcript of NEW CONCEPT OF NEW VACCINE. Airborne vaccine A. Varicella Vaccine: Type: live attenuated vaccine. ...
NEW CONCEPT OF NEW VACCINE
Airborne vaccineA. Varicella Vaccine:
Type: live attenuated vaccine.
Administration: 0.5 ml s.c
Immunity: 85%-90% for prevention of disease .
100%for prevention of severity.
Target group:
-children aged 18 months and up to 12 y who have not
varicella before
-contact of cases: if given within 3 days of exposure.
Susceptible persons ˃ 13y e.g: health worker(2 doses ,4-8
weeks apart.
Hemophilus Influenze type “b” Vaccine ( Hib Vaccine ):
Type: The Hib conjugate &polysaccharides vaccine is an
inactivated vaccine.
Administration: 0.5ml I.M,3 or 4 doses
Immunity: More than 95% of infants will be protected after two or three doses.
Target group:
-1st dose:2m
2nd dose:4m
3rd dose:6m
Final dose: 12-15m of age( given at the same time of any other vaccination).
- People ˃ 5y given Hib vaccine at any age especially:
- -before surgery to remove spleen.- Following a bone marrow transplant.- Immunosuppression as sickle cell dis or
HIV.
Pneumococcal Vaccine:
Type:. conjugate &polysaccharides vaccine
Administration:0.5ml I.M,3 or 4 doses
Immunity: ppsv23 is60%-70% effective in
preventing invasive disease. Pcv7 is 97% effective in preventing invasive
disease .
Target group: 1st dose:2m
2nd dose:4m
3rd dose:6m
Final dose: 12-15m of age( not applicable till in egypt).
For 2years or older who have immunosuppression condition(HIV, Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, organ transplant,……..)or take immunosuppressive therapy as steroid, cancer drugs or radiation therapy.
-adults 19-64 who have asthma or smokers.
Pertussis vaccine(whooping cough):
Type:. DTaP and Tdap vaccines are "inactivated"
vaccines(pertussis, dephteria, tetanus).
For the pertussis component of DTaP and Tdap vaccines,
purified components of the bacterium are grown and then
inactivated
Administration:0.5ml I.M. children get 5
doses(2,4,6,18m & 4-6y).
Immunity:
prevent the disease & prevent severity and mortality in
the affected persons.
Target group:
-children ˃ 4 yrears( no reaction of encephalitis).
Single dose is given to pregnant mothers before
given birth to her newborn to protect him from
infection.
-health care workers.
Foodborne dis vaccines
Rotavirus Vaccine(leading cause of severe acute G.E among children world wide):
Type: RotaTeq and Rotarix are both live attenuated vaccines.
Administration: orally
Immunity:
74% protection against any rotavirus dis and 98%
against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis.
Target group:(recommend routine vaccination of all infants with rotavirus vaccine.
-Rota Teq: given 3doses at 2,4,6 months. Rotarix: given 2doses at 2,4 months.
Typhoid vaccines:
Points of Comparison
Inactivated whole cell vaccine
VI conjugate polysaccharide
vaccine Oral Ty21a vaccine
Type Heat-phenol inactivated
Purified Vi polysaccharide
S.typhi
Live attenuated
s.typhi Ty21a
Mode of administration Subcutaneous Subcutaneous
Oral, one capsule
Number of doses Two doses One dose Three doses
Interval between. doses 4 weeks - Two days
Booster if needed Every 3 years Every two
years
-Every year to travelers to
endemic areas
- every five years to those
living in endemic areas
Adverse events following
vaccination:
local: Pain, swelling,
tenderness
Systemic: Fever
Not significant Not significant
Minimum age of administration
6 months 2 years 6 years
New cholera oral vaccines:
1. 1-Live attenuated oral vaccine: type: Live attenuated vibrio cholera O1
that stimulate formation of antibodies which neutralize the cholera toxins
Adminstration: Single oral dose immunity: Highly protective (up to 90%)
and extremely immunogenic
2-Killed oral vaccine (WC/rBS): type: Heat or formalin killed whole cell
vibrio choleraO1, classical and El-tor with purified recombinant B-subunit of cholera toxoid
Adminstration: 2 doses, one or 2 weeks apart and booster after 2 years for adults and children over six years
Immunity:It stimulate antibacterial and anti toxic
antibodies and attempts to stimulate intestinal mucosal
immune response similar to that induced by natural
infection.
-Safe and produce a rapid short term protection of 85-90%
during 6 months in all age groups after administration.
These 2 new oral cholera are preferred than the
old one because:
They provide better immunity
Fewer side effects
Easy to be administered
Combined HAV&HAB Vaccine(Twinrix): type: the hepatitis A and hepatitis B
combination vaccine for people 18 years of age and older.
Administration: 3 doses of Twinrix can be administered at 0, 7, and 21-30 days, followed by the 4th dose at 12 months later.
immunity: full protection against hepatitis A and hepatitis B virus infections.
Target group:
-people traveling to areas with high rates of
hepatitis A and hepatitis B and emergency
responders, especially those being deployed
to disaster areas overseas.
- people 18 years of age and older.