New College English (Book Two, Second Edition)

Unit 5 Dreams

Contents

Preparation1

In-class Reading Passage 2

After-class Reading Passages3

Further Development4

PREPARATION

We spend approximately one-third of our life time in a state of sleep.

I. About Dreams

Much of the night is filled with dreams: some dreams are sweet, some scary. Have you ever dreamed that your teeth were falling out or you were taking an examination? Dream and sleep have long been linked to myth, poetry, fantasy and superstition. But what is the biological function of sleep, and how do sleep disorders affect us? Even more interesting is the question of how to interpret dreams.

More Information

Dreams have long proven themselves to be storehouses of creativity and may in fact be the well from which imagination springs. With dream incubation and the new opportunities presented by lucid dreaming, artists, musicians, dancers, sculptors, and inventors are able to dive deep into the source of inspiration and explore the vast reaches of their own creative potential by meeting face to face with the unconscious. The increased clarity and directable nature of the lucid state often enables the dreamer to return awake laden with creative insights.

Nightmare

Almost everyone has experienced one or more dreams that contain anxiety or outright fear. For some, unpleasant dreams or nightmares recur repeatedly; for others, the content may change while the theme remains the same, such as scenes of falling, or of being pursued or attacked, late or unprepared for a presentation or an exam, stuck in slow motion, unable to move or scream, or naked in public, to name a few common themes.

Nightmare

This type of experience, when unpleasant, is usually associated with lack of progress by the dreamer to recognize and solve related conflicts in life.

Nightmare

We truly are lucky to have such nightmares, since they provide a natural ‘pressure-release’ therapy for the psyche, and especially since they may even provide what amounts to an early cure if we listen to, make an effort to understand and then act upon the valuable insight that dreams try to bring us. The goal is still to put an end to nightmares and recurring dreams, but by evolving them into more beneficial scenarios, and not by blocking, ignoring or denying them.

Matching the suitable ones

1.Flower2.Desert3.Bats 4.Teeth falling out5.Falling down from a

high place6.Eating spoiled food7.Choking8.Being dead9.Get lost10.Lots of money11.Blood

a.Difficult journey

b.Growth and prosperity

c.Dental disease

d. Enemy, danger and fear

e. Stomach problem

f. Heart attack

g. New start in life

h. Unclear future

i.Something secreat

j. Fortunate

k. Heavy quilt

Symbols Interpretations

Keys

1.b 2. a 3. d 4. c 5. f 6. e

7. k 8. g 9. h 10. I 11. j

Talking about your dreams

1. How often do you dream?2. What sort of dreams do you have?Are

they connected to your daily life?3. Do you have recurring dreams, that is ,

dreams that you often have?4. Have you ever wondered about the

meanings of your dreams? 5. Do you have any satisfactory

explanations for your dream?

Dream Recall

1.Can you recall all your dreams?

2.What kind of dream you can recall easily?

3.What should you do to help yourself to recall your dream?

4.Do you have any suggestions to recall dream clearly?

In-class Reading Passage

Words and Phrases

Structure of the Passage

Key to Exercise

Words and Phrases

1. Is there such a thing as a dream in which the events seen by the dreamer come true?

come true 实现，变成现实，成真I hope our dreams come true.

His wish to be an actor has come true.

他想当演员的愿望实现了。

2. Such questions have interested people for thousands of years. (Line 2)

interest v. to attract your attention and make you feel interested; to make yourself give your attention to sth. 使感兴趣，使关注

~sb/yourself (in sth) Politics doesn’t interest me. 我对政治不感兴趣。 It may interest you to know that he didn’t

accept the job.

Phrase:

interest sb in sth : persuade sb to buy, eat or do sth.

Could I interest you in this model, Sir? 你想瞧瞧这个型号么？

interested adj. be ~ in sth/sb, be ~ in doing sth, be ~ to do sth

3. Scientific advances in the past few decades have revealed more about the physical process of sleep…(Line 3)

advance noun, verb, adj.

n. ~(in sth) progress or a development in a particular activity or area of understanding

Recent advances in medical science

医学的最新进展

advance n. 前进，行进（尤指部队）， 预付款，（价格）上涨，提高

We fear that an advance on the captial would soon follow. 我们担心接下来会马上向首都推进。

She asked for an advance on her salary. 她要求预支薪水。

Share prices showed significant advances today. 今天股票价格大幅上涨。

IDMIDM in advance (of sth) 事先，预先 It is cheaper if you book the tickets a week

in advance.

advance v. 前进，发展，进步，促进，推动，提出（想法，计划），提前

They have advanced 20 miles by nightfall. 夜幕降临时，他们已推进了 20英里。

This research has done much to advance our understanding of language learning.

这项研究大大提高了我们对语言学习的认识。

The date of the meeting has been advanced from Friday to Monday.

会议日期已经从星期五提前到星期一。

Studying for new qualifications is one way of advancing your career.

为提高学历而进修时促进事业发展的一个办法。

This article advances a new theory to explain changes in the climate.

这篇文章提出了一个解释气候变化的新理论。

advance adj. 预先的，事先的 Please give us advance warning of any

changes to the schedule.

工作日程如有改动，请事先通知我们。

4. …many questions about dreams that continue to puzzle us. (line 5)

puzzle noun , verb n. 迷，疑问，智力游戏 v. 迷惑，使困惑 Her reply puzzled me. 她的回答把我弄糊涂了。puzzle over /about 苦苦思索，仔细琢磨 Karen puzzled over the question all

evening. She's been puzzling over his strange letter

for weeks. 她几个星期也琢磨不透他那封奇怪的来信 .

puzzled adj. puzzling adj.

She listened with a puzzled expression on her face.

她脸上带著困惑的表情在倾听著。 The teacher's explanation clarify the

puzzling problem.

老师的说明澄清了困扰的问题。

5. Everyone dreams– it’s just that some of us can’t remember doing so.

remember doing sth 记得曾经做过的事remember to do sth 记住要去做某事 在这里，动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生

而不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生。 例如：

1 stop to do 　　　　　 stop doing　 2 forget to do 　　　　 forget doing　 3 regret to do 　　　　 regret doing

　　 4 cease to do 　　　　 cease doing　　 5 try to do 　　　　　　 try doing　　 6 go on to do 　　　　 go on

doing　　 7 afraid to do 　　　　 afraid doing　　 8 interested to do 　　 interested doing　　 9 mean to do 　　　　　 mean doing　　 10 begin/ start to do 　 begin/ start doing

6. …we’re only able to remember our dreams if we happen to wake up…(Line 12)

happen to + v. 碰巧，凑巧 I happened to look out of the window

and saw him pass by.

我碰巧向外张望，看见他经过。

7. …the first occurring about 90 minutes after we fall asleep. (Line 17)

This is a non-defining clause containing a subject and a present participle.

8. After that, our dreaming periods recur every 90 minutes and last between 15 tpo 45 minutes, getting longer as the night progresses. (line 19)

recur v. to happen again or a number of times 再发生，反复出现

This theme recurs several times throughout the book. 这个主题在整部书中出现了好几次。

a recurring illness/ problem/nightmare 反复出现的疾病 . 问题 . 噩梦

recurrence n. 反复，重现 a ~ of illnessrecurring decimal 循环小数

last v . go on , continue 持续，继续

How long will this film last? The hot weather lasted until September.

progress v. 前进，行进；（时间上）推移，流逝；进步，改进

The line of traffic progressed slowly through the town.

车流缓慢地穿过城镇。 The weather became colder as the day

progressed. 天色越晚，天气就越冷。 Working on the new road is progressing

slowly. 新路的修建工作在缓慢进行。

9. The main purpose of sleeping(apart from giving us rest) may be to allow us to dream. (Line 21)

apart from 除了…外（都 . 还），要不是，此外 =aside from

I’ve finished apart from the last question. 除了最后一道题，我全做完了。 Apart from their house in London, they

also have a villa in Spain. 他们在伦敦有一座房子，此外在西班牙还有一套别墅。

Apart from everything else, we had financial problems.

别的一切都不提，我们财政上也有困难。

10. The frustrating dream in which you try to run but your legs won’t move…(line 27)

frustrating adj. 令人懊恼沮丧的 It is frustrating to have to wait so long. frustrate v. 使懊丧，使沮丧 What frustrates him is that there is too little

money to spend on the project. 使他懊恼的是可用于这个项目的资金太少。 frustrated adj. 懊恼，沮丧 They felt frustrated at the lack of progress. 没有进展，他们感到很懊丧。 frustration n. 懊恼，沮丧的事 Dave thumped the table in frustration. 戴夫懊恼得捶打桌子。

11. ...how unconscious works with our conscious mind to guide and advise us. (Line 30)

conscious adj. 1. be conscious of (doing )sth ； be ~ that意识到，注意到

She’ very conscious of the problems involved. 她完全意识到了所涉及的问题。2. 神志清醒的， 有意识的，有知觉的He was badly hurt, but he still remained conscious. 他伤得很重，但仍未失去知觉。3. 刻意的，慎重的 I had to make a conscious effort not to be rude to

him. 我得刻意约束自己不要对他粗鲁。

unconscious adj. 1. 无知觉的，昏迷的，不省人事的She was knocked unconscious.她被打昏了。They found him lying unconscious on the floor.他们发现他晕倒在地板上。2. 无意识的，自然流露的unconscious feeling/impulse自然流露的感情 . 冲

动3.未觉察，未意识到He was quite unconscious of the danger.他丝毫没有意识到危险。the unconscious n. 潜意识

12. Some people believe that dreams are total nonsense, merely the result of the misfiring of electrical impulses in the brain, while on the other hand, some read great importance into even the simplest of dreams.

misfire v. 不奏效，不运行， ( 枪炮等 ) 不发火The joke misfired completely.

这个笑话讲得完全不成功 . The engine is misfiring badly on one cylinder.

发动机有一个汽缸严重失灵 .

impulse n. 冲动，一时的念头，推动，刺激，脉冲，动力

~ to do sth

He had a sudden impulse to stand up and sing.

The door was open and on an impulse she went inside.

门开着，她念头一转就走了进去。He bought the house on an impulse.

他凭一时冲动 / 一时心血来潮买下了这所房子。 The increasing consumption gives an impulse to

economic development.

消费的不断增长刺激了经济的发展。

read sth to sth : to think that sth means more than it really does 把根本没有的意思加进去解释，对…做过多理解

Don’t read too much into what she says.

不要在她的话里加进太多自己的理解。

13. Some dreams reflect inner fear that are instantly recognizable. (Line 35)

reflect v. 反映，映出（影像），反射（声 . 光 .热等），显示，表明，沉思 reflection n.

His face was reflected in the mirror.

他的脸映照在镜子里。This material absorbs the sound, and doesn’t reflect

it. 这种材料吸音，而不产生回音。His music reflects his interest in African culture.

他的音乐反映了他对非洲文化的兴趣。Before I decide, I need time to reflect.

在作出决定以前，我需要时间认真考虑。

14. …even if they are only subconscious. (Line 36)

subconscious adj. n. 潜意识的，下意识的

subconsciously adv.

One's conscious motives are often different from one's subconscious ones.

一个人有明显动机的举动跟下意识的举动往往截然不同 .

15. …possibly the oldest of which dates back to 5000 BC. (Line 41)

date back to 回溯到，始于 date from

The college dates back to medieval times.

这所学院创办于中世纪。a law dating from the 17th century

自 17世纪起沿用至今的一条法律

16. Dreams are closely tied up with an individual’s mind and analysis is so open to mistakes or errors. (Line 51 ）

be tied up with 和…有密切关系His failure is tied up with his poor work

habits.

be open to : be likely to 易于This book is open to misunderstanding.

17. Dreaming of walking on hot coals, for example, may well be caused by sleeping with your feet too close to a heater. (Line 26)

may well / might well: be very likely to

很可能Wages may well fall to extremely low

levels over the next year.

Her life might well have been saved if she had been taken to the hospital sooner.

18. …a dream about drinking wine meant a short life, whereas a dream about drinking water predicted a long life. (Line 42)

whereas : conjunction 连词 （ it is used to say that although something is true of one thing, it is not true of another)

Some cancers are cured by chemotherapy alone, whereas others are unaffected by drugs.

Structure Of the Passage

Structure of the Text

I. Introduction. (Para 1)

Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human being.

II. Dreaming and sleeping (Para 2-3)

i. When does dreaming occur?

When we are in REM sleep.

ii. What are the main purposes of sleeping?

To give us rest and to allow us to dream.

III. Possible causes of dreams. (Para 4-6)

i. Physiological

Example: Sleeping with one’s feet too close to a heater may cause one to dream of walking on hot coals.

ii. Reflection of inner fears.

Example: Worrying about losing one’s job may cause one to dream of losing one’s job.

IV. Dream Interpretation (Para 7-9) i. The earliest dream dictionary included

symbols such as drinking wine to indicate a short life and drinking water to indicate a long life.

ii. Artemidorus’s dictionary includes symbols such as right hand (father), left hand (mother) and dolphin (a good omen).

iii. Most experts warn that dream interpretations should be treated with care.

Key to Exercise

Key Answers to the Exercises

Vocabulary

1. 1)explanation 2) enthusiasts

3) frustrating 4) popularity

5) unconscious 6) electrical

7) movements 8) recognizable 9)interpretation 10) countless

2.

Task A

1) asleep 2)sleepless 3) sleep

4) sleepy 5) asleep 6) slept

7) sleeping, sleep 8) sleeper

Task B1. submerged: (cause to) go below the

surface of the sea, river or lake 使浸没，淹没

2. subculture: the behavior, practices, etc. associated with a group within a society.亚文化

3. submarine: a special type of ship which can travel under water潜水艇

4. subway: (BrE) a path for people to walk under a road or railway 地下通道 (AmE)a railway that runs under the ground 地铁

1. subzero: (of temperatures) below zero零度以下的

2. subtropical: related to an area near to a tropical area, or typical of that area 亚热带的

3. subspecies: a subdivision of a species （物种的）亚种

4. subnormal: below an average or expected standard, especially of intelligence 低于正常的

3. 1) progressed 2) puzzled

3) process 4) reflected

5) predict 6) advances

7) symbol 8) ancient

9) error 10) conscious

11)analysis 12) inner

Translation.1. You will see that what I am saying now will

come true.2. The lecture was so boring that half (of) the

students fell asleep.3. The problem of unemployment is tied up with

the development of new technology.4. His appearance has changed so much that you

may well not recognize him.5. The castle dates back to the 14th century.6. She has never done anything for them, whereas

they have done everything they can for her.

After-class Reading Passages

Passage I Dreams That Came True

Passage II Dreaming Up a Good Mood

Passage I

I. Reading comprehension.

1. Read Paragraphs 1 to 6:

1) describe Mary’s nightmare

2) what happened in fact?

3) how about George?

2. Read Paragraphs 7 to 13 and rearrange the following statements in chronological order.

1) Bradley dreamed that a huge tree fell down on his students.

2) Bradley planned the field trip.3) Bradley told the students to cross the river.4) Both the students and other teachers laughed at

Bradley’s idea.5) Bradley asked the students to promise that they

would go only where he told them to go.6) Bradley wanted to cancel the field trip because of

his terrible dream.7) The students saw the huge elm tree fall to ground.8) Bradley agreed to have the field trip.The correct order:________________________

Vocabulary Exercise

1. __________( 表演取消 )because the leading man was ill.

2. She fell and _________(骨头裂开 ) in her leg.

3. He could see them ________( 通过门上的小缝 ).

4. Warnings about the dangers of smoking __________( 看来对这些男士们没有任何影响 ).

5. Their ___________(希望和梦想被粉碎 )by the war.

6. He________(打翻了一瓶墨水 )over the map.

7. The trip to Italy ________(可能要取消 ).

8. He stopped the car __________( 在小山顶上 ).

9. The business ________(遇到财政困难 ) almost immediately.

10. If they had walked along the footpath, they would _____________(刚好在那棵树倒下的地方 ).

Keys to Exercise

1. The performance was canceled2. cracked a bone 3. through a crack in the door4. seem to have little impact on these

gentlemen5. Their hopes and dreams were

shattered6. upset a bottle of ink7. might be called off8. on the top of a small hill9. ran into financial difficulties10. have been at the very spot where the

tree had fallen

Passage III. Reading Comprehension: Complete the

summary by filling in each of the blanks with an appropriate word.

According to new studies, dreams can ______ your moods each night. If you’re depressed, dreams may _____ whether you’ll recover more quickly. It is _____ to wake up in the morning with a ____ outlook, _____ of the previous evening’s worries.

Sleep’s effects on _____ and depressed people are as different as night and day. The research led the experts to wonder how dreams allow our brains to _____ our moods.

Researchers found that subjects who had been in neutral moods before sleeping had _____ change in attitude when they woke. Subjects who were not depressed but went to bed in a _____ mood felt ____ after a good night’s sleep.

Dreaming can _____ the moods of healthy individuals.

II. Translation Exercise

1. A ________________(消沉的人经常失眠 ).

2. She turned the camera and ________(聚焦在 Martin 的脸上 ).

3. Her face __________(没有表情 ).

4. __________( 先前的房主 )moved to Florida.

5. The doctor’s explanation ________(减轻了我的恐惧 ).

6. I need __________( 一些志愿者来清扫街道 ).

7. The last dream of the night is the one that ___________(人们最可能记住的 ).

8. The patient isn’t able to _________(调整自己的情绪 ).

9. The team ________( 把所有精力集中在 )finding a solution to the problem.

10. She became _______(越来越虚弱 )through blood loss.

Answers

I. Reading comprehension.

fix, predict, natural, sunny,

relieved, healthy, repair,

little, bad, better, adjust

Translation

1. A depressed person often suffers from lack of sleep.

2. focused on Martin’s face3. has a neutral expression4. The previous owner of the house5. relieved me of my fear6. some volunteers to clean up the streets7. people are most likely to remember8. adjust his or her mood9. focused all their attention on 10. progressively weaker

Further Development

Writing Skill

------How to avoid some mistakes in writing

There be 句型 病句：

1.There are many people like to go to the movies.2.There are different kinds of vegetables can be bought on the market by people.正确表达：1.There are many people who like to go to the movies.2.There are different kinds of vegetables that people can buy on the market.这两个例句错误比较有普遍性，因为在历次考试中有不少考生不能正确运用 there be 这一最常用句式。在这种结构中， there 是引导词，没有实际意义。 be 在句中作谓语，有时态和数变化。

例如：1.There was no school in the village at that time. (there was not a school...)注意：在否定句中，否定词用 no ，也可用 not a 或 not any 。 not a后接单数名词， not a 后接复数名词， no后面名词单复数都可以。2.There is not a moment to be lost.3.There are many people rushing into the cities every year.4.There are many things we can do to prevent traffic accidents.5.There is no use holding back the wheel of history.从以上例句还可看出，句中主语后面可接多种修饰语，如介词短语 . 不定式短语 . 定语从句 .分词短语等等。这无疑使该结构增加了表现力，使句子表达内容更加丰富。 在运用这一结构时，最容易犯错误是在 there be之后又用了一个动词作谓语，使句子结构出现严重错误。这里列举典型错误均属这种情况，对此我们在写作中要格外注意。

比较结构病句：

1.Comparing with the bike, the car runs much faster.2.The climate in Walton is colder than other cities.正确表达：1.Compared with the bike, the car runs much faster.2.The climate in Walton is colder than that of other cities.评议与分析：许多学生在作文中用 compare 或than 表示比较，但相当多表达有误。

在例 1 中，对两个事物进行比较句式为Compared with A, B...,只能用 compare过去分词，不能用现在分词，因为 B 是分词逻辑主语，只能被比较。在例 2 中，考生误将“天气”与“城市”进行比较，而二者没有可比性，只有将后者改为“其他城市天气”才符合逻辑，很显然，这种错误是受了汉语表达习惯影响。比较结构是常用结构，正确地使用这一结构可以使文章句式增加变化，有利于提高写作成绩。

比较结构一些常用表达方法 1.同级比较

1 ） In 1998 we produced as many cars as we did in the previous five years.2 ） We have accomplished as much in the past three years as would have taken ten years in the past.

2.比较级1 ） Children now enjoy better medical treatment than before.2 ） We can live longer without food than we can (live ) without water.

3. 最高级1 ） This is the most interesting book I've ever read.2 ） Of all his novels I like this one best.

4.the more…the more… 结构1) The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.2) The more a man knows, the more he discovers his ignorance.

5.选择比较1) I prefer staying at home to going out.2) They prefer to work rather than (to) sit idly.3) He prefers to work alone.注意：这里 1 ）句用是 Prefer A to B 结构， to 为介词，后接名词或动名词； 2 ）句是以不定式作 prefer宾语；3 ）句用法同 2 ），只是不把 rather than 部分表达出来。

6. 对比1) Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.2) He is tired out, whereas she is full of vigor.注意： while 和 whereas均可用于连接两个意义对立分句，相当于汉语“而”字。

原因结构

病句：1.The real reason to our failure is not far to seek.2.The reason for this is because some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard.正确表达：1.It is not difficult to seek the real reason of our failure. 2.The reason for this is that some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard.

英语中用来表达原因这一概念结构有多种。我们可用 as , because, since, seeing that, considering that, now that, not that...等词组引出表示原因从句。例如：1.Now that we have seen these great achievements with our own eyes, we feel moreproud than ever of our country.2.Professor Liu is strict with us because he wants us to make rapid progress.3.Since we live near the sea, we enjoy a healthy climate.4.Pollution is still a serious problem, not that we don't have the ability to solve it, but thatsome people have not realized the consequences of the problem.

我们还可以借助某些词语用简单句表达原因结构。例如：1.The reason for this change is quite obvious.2.Diligence is the key factor of success.3.Idleness is the root of all evils.4.He was ashamed to have made the mistake.(=He was ashamed that he had made themistake. =He was ashamed because he had made the mistake.)

否定结构

病句1.Some people think we needn't to worry about fresh water.2.Nowadays many people don't like to go to the movies, too.正确表达：1.Some people think we needn't worry ( 或don't need to worry) about fresh water.2.Nowadays many people don't like to go to the movies, either.。

评议与分析：例句 1 错误在于该混淆了 need 作为情态动词和作为普通动词用法。 need 作为情态动词时，主要用于否定句，后面动词不带 to, needn't worry ，作 we谓语。 need 作为实意动词时，可用于肯定句 .否定句和疑问句， don't need to worry 中 to worry 作 don't need宾语。例句 2错误在于混淆了 too 和 either区别，这两个词都表示“也”意思，但是在英语中 too, also只能用于肯定句，而either只能用于否定句

含有 it 的结构病句：　　 1. As is known to all of us that science and technology play an important role in the development of society.　　 2. It is known to us, practice makes perfect.正确表达：　　 1. It is known to all of us that science and technology play an important role in the development of society. ( 或 :As is known to all of us, science...)　　 2. It is known to us that practice makes perfect. ( 或 :As is known to us, practice...)评议与分析：　　很显然，两个句子中混淆了 it 和 as 的用法。如果用 it 作形式主语，后面的主语从句必须由 that引起；如果用 as ，则后面不能用 that ，因为 as 是关系代词，代表 practice makes perfect 。

It 在英语中是个相当活跃的代词，在写作中我们常要使用它。以下几种用法应熟练掌握，并能灵活运用。 　　 1．作形式主语　　 It is necessary for us to master a foreign language skillfully.

It makes difference whether we could purify the air or not.　　 2. 作形式宾语　　We find it rather difficult to prevent people from doing that.

Modern science has made it possible for babies to grow healthily and for people to live longer.　　 3.引导强调句　　 It is only by this way that we can achieve success. It was then that people began to realize the importance of

controlling population.