*NEW ClASSROOM RULES**NEW ClASSROOM RULES*You will be written up You will be written up

immediately for breaking a immediately for breaking a RULE!!!! RULE!!!!

1.) Do not speak after entering the room.1.) Do not speak after entering the room.2.) You must be in your seat before the tardy 2.) You must be in your seat before the tardy bell rings.bell rings.3.) You may not leave your seat until the 3.) You may not leave your seat until the dismissal bell rings.dismissal bell rings.4.) You must face the front of the room at all 4.) You must face the front of the room at all times. Do not look at others around you. times. Do not look at others around you. 5.) Do not ask questions!!!! 5.) Do not ask questions!!!!

Bell WorkBell Work Starting today, keep a Starting today, keep a diary for a week. Record diary for a week. Record everyday happenings, everyday happenings, thoughts, feelings, and thoughts, feelings, and dreams. dreams.

19841984

George George OrwellOrwell

George OrwellGeorge Orwell Born in 1903 in Bengal, India.Born in 1903 in Bengal, India. His father was a British imperial His father was a British imperial

officer.officer. His childhood was unhappy. His childhood was unhappy. He was a brilliant and recognized He was a brilliant and recognized

student. student. He was awarded a scholarship to He was awarded a scholarship to

Eton, a prestigious prep school in Eton, a prestigious prep school in England.England.

George OrwellGeorge Orwell Unable to afford college, Orwell returned Unable to afford college, Orwell returned

to Burma in 1922. There he served for 5 to Burma in 1922. There he served for 5 years with the Indian Imperial Police.years with the Indian Imperial Police.

Orwell’s experience with the police helped Orwell’s experience with the police helped shape some of his ideas about authority shape some of his ideas about authority figures-and authority in general. figures-and authority in general.

On the basis of his firsthand experiences, On the basis of his firsthand experiences, Orwell developed his belief that power not Orwell developed his belief that power not only corrupts but also breeds an ever-only corrupts but also breeds an ever-increasing desire for more. increasing desire for more.

George OrwellGeorge Orwell George Orwell was an idealist and George Orwell was an idealist and

supporter of causes to free the oppressed. supporter of causes to free the oppressed. Orwell’s strong political convictions and Orwell’s strong political convictions and

social criticism's became the basis for social criticism's became the basis for much of his fiction.much of his fiction.

He believed that revolution, despite the He believed that revolution, despite the fact that it united people against a fact that it united people against a common enemy, provided only temporary common enemy, provided only temporary change.change.

Orwell died in 1950.Orwell died in 1950.

19841984 19841984 was written in 1948. was written in 1948. Although it is set in the future, Although it is set in the future, 19841984 is not is not

science fiction.science fiction. It is a political parable narrated in third It is a political parable narrated in third

person. The story is told from the person. The story is told from the viewpoint of a single character.viewpoint of a single character.

A parable is a narrative, or story, from A parable is a narrative, or story, from which a moral can be drawn.which a moral can be drawn.

The moral here is that the abuse of power The moral here is that the abuse of power by a totalitarian regime destroys the by a totalitarian regime destroys the individual. individual.

The novel is satirical. Satire is a kind The novel is satirical. Satire is a kind of writing that uses wit to ridicule or of writing that uses wit to ridicule or criticize the folly of individuals criticize the folly of individuals society.society.

19841984 is a fierce attack on what Orwell is a fierce attack on what Orwell sees as a terrifying loss of freedom sees as a terrifying loss of freedom and individuality. and individuality.

He satirizes the Party’s determination He satirizes the Party’s determination to create a society of sheep by to create a society of sheep by restricting their means of expression.restricting their means of expression.

Orwell is chiefly concerned not with Orwell is chiefly concerned not with characters but with ideas. characters but with ideas.

Central ConflictCentral Conflict The central conflict in The central conflict in 19841984 is is

between individual between individual consciousness and collective consciousness and collective consciousness, or to put it consciousness, or to put it another way, between freedom another way, between freedom and totalitarianismand totalitarianism. .

1984 1984 Themes Themes

Alienation and IsolationAlienation and Isolation Appearance vs. RealityAppearance vs. Reality Destruction of Human ValuesDestruction of Human Values Individuality vs. TyrannyIndividuality vs. Tyranny Danger of Permanent Danger of Permanent

Totalitarianism Totalitarianism

SettingSetting 19841984 is set in the near future in a is set in the near future in a

world of new alliances.world of new alliances. The countries we now know are The countries we now know are

three huge super states:three huge super states:•OceaniaOceania•EurasiaEurasia•EastasiaEastasia

OceaniaOceania Oceania comprises the Oceania comprises the

Americans, the Atlantic Americans, the Atlantic islands including the British islands including the British Isles and Australasia, and Isles and Australasia, and southern Africa. southern Africa.

EurasiaEurasia Eurasia includes northern Eurasia includes northern

Europe and Asia from Europe and Asia from Portugal to the Bering Portugal to the Bering Strait.Strait.

EastasiaEastasia Eastasia comprises China and Eastasia comprises China and

the countries south of it, the countries south of it, Japan, and large but Japan, and large but fluctuating portions of fluctuating portions of Manchuria, Mongolia, and Manchuria, Mongolia, and Tibet.Tibet.

Immediate ActionImmediate Action The immediate action takes place The immediate action takes place

in the part of Oceania called in the part of Oceania called Airstrip One- once known as Airstrip One- once known as England- in a city still called England- in a city still called London.London.

The three superstates are The three superstates are constantly in unwinnable wars constantly in unwinnable wars with each other in shifting with each other in shifting alliances.alliances.

Oceania’s government consists Oceania’s government consists of four main agenciesof four main agencies::

The Ministry of TruthThe Ministry of Truth The Ministry of PeaceThe Ministry of Peace The Ministry of LoveThe Ministry of Love The Ministry of PlentyThe Ministry of Plenty

Division of the Party in Division of the Party in OceaniaOceania

Inner PartyInner Party Outer Party Outer Party ProlesProles

CharactersCharacters

Winston SmithWinston Smith Has the same first name as Winston Has the same first name as Winston

Churchill, England’s Prime Minister during Churchill, England’s Prime Minister during World War II.World War II.

Has England’s most common last name.Has England’s most common last name. He is 39 years old.He is 39 years old. Has a varicose ulcer on his ankle ans is Has a varicose ulcer on his ankle ans is

physically frail.physically frail. Is a member of the Outer Party who works Is a member of the Outer Party who works

at the Ministry of Truth falsifying history.at the Ministry of Truth falsifying history.

Winston SmithWinston Smith He lives most fully in his He lives most fully in his

intellect.intellect. He longs to resist government He longs to resist government

tyranny. tyranny. He is isolated from human He is isolated from human

contact except during a brief contact except during a brief love affair with Julia.love affair with Julia.

JuliaJulia She is never identified by her last She is never identified by her last

name.name. She is 26 years old.She is 26 years old. She is an Outer Party member who She is an Outer Party member who

works in the Fiction Department at works in the Fiction Department at the novel-writing machines.the novel-writing machines.

Conforms outwardly to Party doctrine Conforms outwardly to Party doctrine by belonging to the Junior Anti-Sex by belonging to the Junior Anti-Sex League and spending much time on League and spending much time on Party matters.Party matters.

O’BrianO’Brian He has a sophisticated manner.He has a sophisticated manner. Is about 45, with a powerful build like Is about 45, with a powerful build like

a prize fighter.a prize fighter. Lives in comparative luxury because Lives in comparative luxury because

he holds an important position in the he holds an important position in the Inner Party.Inner Party.

Is fanatically loyal to the Party’s Is fanatically loyal to the Party’s teachings.teachings.

Big BrotherBig Brother Is an omnipresent image, appearing Is an omnipresent image, appearing

on the telescreen and everywhere on the telescreen and everywhere else in daily life. else in daily life.

Has the face of a man of about 45, Has the face of a man of about 45, with a heavy black mustache and with a heavy black mustache and ruggedly handsome features.ruggedly handsome features.

Is never seen in person.Is never seen in person. Is probably not a person but a Is probably not a person but a

political fiction that furthers Party political fiction that furthers Party propaganda and powers.propaganda and powers.

Emmanuel GoldsteinEmmanuel Goldstein He is the Party’s scapegoat and He is the Party’s scapegoat and

arch enemy.arch enemy. Serves as the target of the public Serves as the target of the public

hatred generated by the Party hatred generated by the Party against its enemies.against its enemies.

May be fictional creation of the May be fictional creation of the Party, like Big Brother.Party, like Big Brother.

Mr. CharringtonMr. Charrington Is apparently the proprietor of a Is apparently the proprietor of a

second-hand store.second-hand store. AppearsAppears to be frail, pleasant, 63 year to be frail, pleasant, 63 year

old widower who has lived above the old widower who has lived above the junk shop for 30 years.junk shop for 30 years.

IsIs a powerful member of the Thought a powerful member of the Thought Police, age 35, who is shrewd, cold, Police, age 35, who is shrewd, cold, and alert. and alert.

Tom ParsonsTom Parsons Is Winston’s neighbor in Victory Is Winston’s neighbor in Victory

Gardens.Gardens. Is outgoing and jovial and stinks of Is outgoing and jovial and stinks of

sweat.sweat. He enthusiastically supports all Party He enthusiastically supports all Party

activities.activities. Works at the Ministry of Truth.Works at the Ministry of Truth.

Mrs. ParsonsMrs. Parsons Lives with Tom and their Lives with Tom and their

children.children. Is about 30 years old but looks Is about 30 years old but looks

older, beaten down and terrified.older, beaten down and terrified. Has dust in the creases on her Has dust in the creases on her

face.face. Is tyrannized by her children.Is tyrannized by her children.

Winston’s MotherWinston’s Mother Appears only in Winston’s dreams Appears only in Winston’s dreams

and memories.and memories. Represents unselfish love and self Represents unselfish love and self

sacrifice.sacrifice. Inspires Winston to believe that Inspires Winston to believe that

human compassion has value even human compassion has value even when people are powerless.when people are powerless.

SymeSyme Is a friend of Winston’s who also Is a friend of Winston’s who also

works in the Ministry of Truth.works in the Ministry of Truth. Is a philologist, a specialist in Is a philologist, a specialist in

Newspeak.Newspeak. Is tiny with dark hair and large Is tiny with dark hair and large

protuberant eyes that are at once protuberant eyes that are at once sad and mocking.sad and mocking.

The ProlesThe Proles Make up 85% of the population of Make up 85% of the population of

Oceania.Oceania. Are contemptuously dismissed by the Are contemptuously dismissed by the

Party as subhuman.Party as subhuman. Are seen by Winston as the only Are seen by Winston as the only

hope for the future.hope for the future. Are politically oblivious. Are politically oblivious.