CHARACTERISTICS

OF STATE

PRISONERS

1960

DATA ON CHARACTERISTICS OF ADMISSIONS, RELEASES, AND YEAR-END POPULATION FOR STATE CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS

C FOR ADULT FELONY, OFFENDERS DURING CALENDAR YEAR 1960

Federal Bureau 01,; Pri,;'n's,' WASHINGTON~ D. c.

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NATIONAL PRISONER STATISTICS,.:

CHARACTERISTICS

OF STATE

PRISONERS

1960

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE NICHOLAS deB KATZENBACH ACTING ATTORNEY GENERAL

FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS MYRl E. ALEXANDER, DIRECTOR

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUBJECT

I. llii;llliJhts of the Data

Prisoners Received From Court First Releases ................................................ . Year-end Prison POj)ulation .................................... .

Ir. Introduction

PAGE NUM3ERS

Cover3.ze of This Report ..........................•............. 3 Sj.::;nj.ficance of the Data ....................................... 4

III. General Cllar..lcteril.:tics

PriGoners Received From Court R("leanes ., .................•...........................•...... Year-end PopUL.'tion ..............•.. , ......................... . Sex ......................................•..................... Race ...................................•....................... AJ,e ••...........•.........•...........•........................ Age and Race ........•.........••........••.........•........... Offense Data Highlights ...•.......•.••.....••..........•...•... Offer.se and Age .•..•.......•.. , ...•...•••.........••.••....•.•. Offense and Race ...•...................•.........•............. Offense, Age, and Race ..............•..••............•....•.... Type and Length of Sentence .........••••..........•.•.......... 8E?ntence Data Highli3hts

Type of Sentence ..•..............•••...............•..••.. Length of Sentence ..............••.••.................•.•.

Sentence Length and Race .........•.••.•............•......•.... Sentence Length and Age ...•..•........•......•................. Type and Length of Sentence, and Offense ......•....•...••..••.. Sentence Lengt.h, Offense, and Race ....••........••..••.....•... Sentence Length, Offense, and Age ...•••••...............••.••... Time Served .....•.....•..•.........•...•..........•..•••...•... Time Served Before Release ....•••.•...•.......•.••..••.•.••.•.. Time Served by Year-end Population Before December 31,1960 .... Tilae Served and Age ., .....••.•••.•......•...•..••..••.••..••.•. Time Served and Offense .......•••....•......•..••..••.••....... Time Served, Offense, and Age ...•....•..••.••..•..•.•..•...•... Time Served, and Type and Length of Sentence

Releases .•...•..••.•.••....•.•••.••..••...•...•...••.•..•• Year-end Population ••..••..•...••.•••..••.•••.••.....••.•.

Other Characteristics Birthplace ...••..••••... , .•.•.•...•..•••••.•.•.•••....••••. Mari tal Status ..•••••...•••.•...•.•••••.•••••••••••..•..•. Recidivism Data (Prior COmmitments) ..•.••.••...••..•...••• Methods of Release .....•.•..••.•••.•••.•..•..••..•...•••..

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5 5 5 5 5 5,6 6 6,8,9,13 13 13 13 13.16

16,10 16,19

19 24 24 25 25 25,26 26,27 27 27,29 29 29

29 38

38 38,39 39 39

SUBJECT

Fi:jures:

#1 - Percentage Distribution of Offenses Among Felony Court Comnutments) Felony First Releases, and Year-end b'e1ony Population in State Prisons: 1960

112 - Pro1)ortionate Use of the Indeterminate Sentence knon,:; Felony Court Commitments to State Prisons: 1960 (For 10 StateD Havin-.:; Hi~hest Humber of Felony Court

PAGE NUMBERS

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Commitments) ........................................ 18

#3 - Offense, by Type a.nd LenGth of Sentence, of Felony Court Commitments to State Prisons: 1960 .... , .... ,. 25

#4 - Time Served by Felony First Releases From State Prisons (Percent Chan;;e, 3-year In+.ervs.ls, 1951-1960) ............... ".......................... 29

1/5 - Proportionate Use of the Incleternunate Sente:'1ce Among Felony First Releases From state Prisons: 1960 (FOl 10 Stater H:lving Hihgest Meelian Time Served Figure) . 38

#6 - Proportionate U::le of the Indeterminate Sentence iintonJ Felony First Releases From State Prisons: 1960 (For 10 Stateo Having Highest Median Sentence Lensth) 39

Charts:

#1 - Age Distribution A. Felony Court Commitments: 1960 ............. . . B. Felony Prisoners Continuously Confined on

December 31, 1960 .......•....................

#2 ,-" Age by Race

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A. Felony Prisoners Received From Court: 1960.. 7 B. Felony Prisoners Contlnuously Confined on

December 31, 1960 ...................... ....... 7

#3 - Offense Distribution A. Felony Court Coruuitments: 1960 .......... .... 9 E. Felony Prisoners Confined on December 31, 1960 9

1/4 - Offense Frequency (Comparison Between 1950 and 1960 Felony Court Commitments) ........................... 10

#5 - Offense by Age A. Felony Cocrt Commitments: 1960 ..... ,.... . . ... 11 B. Felony Priooners Continuously Confined on

December 31, 1960 ............................ 11

#6 - Offense Distribution by Race A. Felony Court Comnutments: 1960 ............. . 12 .3. Felony Prisoners Continuously Confined on

December 31, 1960 ........................... . 12

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SU3JECT

#7 - Offense by Race

PAGE NUMBERS

A. Felony Court Commitments: 1960 ............... 14 n. Felony Prisoners Continuously Confined on

December 31, 1960 ......... , .... ".............. l!~

'Ir8 - Offen.5e, by AGe and Race A. Fe:"ony Court COllullitments, 1960 ................ 15 .3 Felony Prisoners Continuously Confined on

December 31, 1960 ............................. 15

1F) - Prnportionate Use of Definite Sentences for Felony Court Commitments: 1960 (Percent ConunHment3 '\lith Definite Sentence) ................................... 17

1ho - Sentence Len]tL DistrL·ution, Felony Court Com.'1lit­uents: 1960

A. Miilima of Il1!leterrninate Sentences .... -......... 20 J. Defini te Ben"tcllc:es and Ma;;:ima of Indetermino.te

Sentences .......................... ,.......... 20

7tll - Ind.e::-er!;UnJ.te Sent.ence Length (Len~th (;f Ni~imunl anQ M:.J.:dmUl:l c:,f In·leten:llnci:'e Sentences (;;f Felony Court Cor;ffilitment.s Durin . .; lS'('C, for the 10 St.a"ces ui th tue [.1o~t Indeterminate Sentrmces) ..•........ , .. , ........ .

1/1;2 - Sentence Len3"i,;li Distribution (J3y Ty>Je of Sen"tence) A. Felouy C?1J.rt ConuniJcments: 1960 .............. . "' Felon;;; First Releases: 1960 ................. . C. FeLmy Prisoners Confined on Decemb2r 31, 1960.

1t-13 - Sentence Lenstll Comparison (Comparison Be'ween Maxima l)f Indete.,'!r.in[1~Ge 3e"i;ence Lengths of Felony Court Commitmen":s 'i.nd Fel(~lJy First Releases Th.lring 1960, for t;~e le S~(ltes ,cit;) ~;le Largest :Jumber of Felony First Relei;lses Lavin:; Inde"Cerminate Sentences) ............ .

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ifl~ - A::;e by Sentence Length (Felony Court Conunitments: 1960) ................................................ 24

if].5 - Type of Sentence, by Offense (Percentage Distribution for Felony Court Commitments: 1960) ................. 25

1116 - Sentence Lengtl., by Offense (l!'elony Court Commitments: 1960) ................................. ".............. 26

1117 - Time Served Distribution (Felony First Releases: 1960) .................. .... .... .................... .•. 27

1/1& - 'rime Ser'Jed (AveruJe Time Served by Felony First Releuse:~: 1960) (State-by-State) ..•..•..•..•...•.... 28

#19 - Average Time Served by Felony First Releases A. 1951 ....................................... "... 30 B. 1960.......................................... 31

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SUBJECT

#20-

41-21 -

://22 -

Time Served; by Offense (Felony First Releases: 1960) (For Each Orrense, the 10 States Having the Most Releases llhicll "'ere ServinG for that Offense are Sho,m) ..•.•..•..••......•......•......•.....•...

Time Served, by Offense A. Felony P~isoners Continuously Confined on

December 31, 196c ........................... . B. Felony First Releases: 1960 ................ .

'rime Served and Sentence Lengtb (Felony First Releases: 1960)

A. For the 10 States Having tIle Most Releases "li th Indeterminate Sentences .....•...........

B. For the 10 States Having the Most Releases with Definite Sentences ..............•...•...

1/:23 - Time Served :?ud Sentence length (Felony First Releases: 1960)

A. For the 10 State s ili th the HiJhe st Median Time

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Server 1 ........•..............•...........•... 36 B. For tlte 10 States "lith the I,owest Hedian Time

Served .•...........•..............••....• ,... 36

:/124 - Time Served and Sentence Length (Felony First Releases: 1960)

A. For the 10 States I{ith the Highest Median Sentence LenGth .....•.........•......•.......

D. For the 10 States "lith the Lmlest Median 37

Sentence Length •.... ,........................ 37

IV. 'rubles

A. Court Commitments

Al - Characteristics of Prisoners Received From Court by State Prisons: 1960 (Sex, Race, Marital Status, Age, Offense, Type and Length of Sentence) (State-by-State)

A2 - Type and Length of Sentence of Felony prisoners Received From Court by State Prisons: 1960 (State-by-State) ....••.•....•.•.•.•..•..........•......•...

A3 - Type and Length of Sentence of Felony Prisoners Received From Court by State Prisons: 1960 (State-by-State) •.•.•.......••..•....••••....•.......••....

A4 - Length of Minimtull of Indeterminate Sentence of Felony Prisoners Received From Court by State Prisons: 1960 (State-by-State) ......•.......•.....................

A5 - Offense, and Type and Length of Sentence, of Felony Prisoners Received From Court by State Prisons: 1960 (State-bY-State) ....••.......••..•.....•............

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SUBJECT

A6 - Offense of Felony Prisoners Received From Court by State Prisons, by Age and Race: 1960 •.•...••••.•.•.•.

A7 - Percentage Distribution of Age-Offense Groups of Felony Prisoners Received From Court by State Prisons, by

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Race: 1960 .....•...............•....•....•••....•... '. 53

A8 - Median Age of Felony Prisoners Received From Court by State Prisons, by Offense and Race: 1960 .••.•....•... 53

A9 - Offense of Felony Prisoners Received From Court by State Prisons, by Age and Sentence Length: 1960 •••... 54

AIO - Sentence Length of Felony Prisoners Received From Court by State Prisons, by Offense and Race: 1960 •.•.

All - Percenta.:;e Distribution of Felony Prisoners Received From Court by State Prisons, by Offense: 1960 (State-by-State) ........••......•••..•....•••.•...••.•.••....

Al2 - Type and Length of Sentence of Felony Prisoners Received From Court by State Prisons: 1950, 1956, and 1960 (SGate-by-State) ...•.........•.•..•....•...•.

:.3. Year-end Prison Population

Pl - Characteristics of Prisoners Confined in State Prisons on December 31, 1960 (Sex, Race, Marital Status, Birth­place, Prior COmmitments, Offense, Age, Type and Length of Sen-tence) (State-bY-State) ••.......•.•••••..

P2 - Type and Length of Sentence of Felony Prisoners Con­fined in Staote Prisons on December 31, 1960 (State-

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57,58

by-State) ...•....•..•.••.•.•..••.....•.••.•.•••..•••.. 59

P3 - Time Served by Felony Prisoners Continuously Confined in State Prisons on December 31, 1960, by Type and Length of Sencence (State-by-State) •••..••....••....•. 60

p4 - Offense of Felony Prisoners Continuously Con~ined in State Prisons on December 31,1960 (State-bY-State) ..• 61

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P7

- Time Served by Felony Prisoners Continuously Confined in State Prisorls Oll December 31, 1960, by Offense (State-by-State) ....•...••....••......••.•.•.••..••••.

- Offense of Felony PrisonerR Continuously Confined in State Prisons on December 31,1960, by Age and Race ...

- Percentage DistribuGion of Age-Offense Groups of Feltmy Prisoners Continuously Confined in State Prisons on December 31,1960, by Race •.•............••....•.•....

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SU!3JECT

p(3 - Median Ar;e of Felc:J.Y Prisoners Continuously Confined in Sto.;;e Pri~;ons on December 31, 1960, iJ7J' Offense utl-l Race ....... , ................................... ,

P9 Offense of Felony Prisoners Cor"tinuously Confined in State Prit;onc on December 31, 1960, by A:.;e and Time Served ...........................•..................

PIO - Percentu3e DiDtribution of Felony Frisoners Confined in State Prisons on December 31, 1960, by Offense (State-b;;-State) ................................... .

PAGE IllJl.1SERS

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C. Releaces

v.

R1 - Characteri;;tics of Prisoners Relea::;ed From Seate Prisons: 1960 (Sex, Offense, t·1e-chod of Release, Type and Len;!tl, of Sentellce, Time Served) (State-by-State) .•........•......•..•..•••.•.•••..••.•..•••..•

R2 - Time Served by Felony Prisoners Before Fi:rst Release From State PriGons: 1960 (State-by-State) ......... .

R3 - Time Served by Felony Prisoners Before First Release From State PrisclHs, by Offense: 1960 (State-by-State) ........ ~ ...............•.....................

Rh - 'l'ime Served by Felony Prisoners Before First Release From State Prisor~s, by Type and Len.;th of Sentence: 1960 (Sta te-by- Sta te) .............................. .

R5 - 1"JPe Ullli Len::;tL of Sentence of Felony First Releases From State P;t'isons: 1960 (State-by-State) ......... .

R6 - Percentale Dis·i;riDution of Felony First Releases Fron1

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State Prisons, by Offense: 1960 (State-by-State) ..• 72

R7 - Time Served');; Felony Frisoners Before First Release From State Fri::olls: 3-Year Intervals, 1951-1960 (1951,1954,1957,1960) (State-by-State) ... ........ 73

Index Unnumbered

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I. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DA T A

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HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DA T A

PRISONERS RECEIVED FROM COURT 1. There were 69,235 felony prisoners re­

ceived from court by State institutions for adult felony offenders during calendar year 1960. Of ihe iotal, 95.8 percent were male, and 6,!.7 percent were white.

2. The median age was 27.0 years. By race, the median age was 26.9 years for whites, amI 27.3 years for non-whites.

3. "Burglary", with 27.8 percent of the felony commitments, was the largest single offense group; "Drug Laws", with 4.2 per­cent of ihe commitments, was the smallest. The highest median age was IIi the "Hom­icide" offense group, 32.5 years. "Embezzle­ment, Fraud and FOl'gcry" had the greatest proj)ortion of whites among commitments, 83.9 percent. For non-whites, the highest proportion was in the "Assalllt" category, with 57.4 percent non-whites.

'!. Commitments with definite sentences made up 38.8 percent (If all felony court commitments. The median sentence length for commitments with definite sentences was 34.5 months. FOl' indeterminate sen­tences, the median of the maximum was 71.3 months, and the median of the minimum was 20.5 months.a

5. "Homicide" had the highest median sen­tence length, 190.6 monUls, and ~'Other Of­fenses" had the ~owest, 35.4 months. Gen­erally, there was little differenc~ between the sentence lengths of whites and non­whites, and between age groups among com­mitments.

6. About '15 percent of the felony prison­('~'s received from court were single, 34.0 percent were married, 19.4 percent wen di­vOl'(~ed 01' separated and 1.7 jJercent were widowed at the time of commitment.

1\ In ol'der to make comparisons between court commitments, first releases, and the year-end popu­lation, it was neceSSU1'Y to recompute medians for commitments using broader time distl'ibutions, Be­cause of this, the medians used for comparative purposes became 41.8 months for commitments with definite sentences and 101.4 months for the maximum of commitments with indeterminate sentenceR.

FIRST RELEASES 7. During calendar year 1960, there were

65,201 felony first releases from State insti­tutions for adult felony offenders in the United States, of whom 95.7 percent were male. The offense distribution among ;re· lease~ was similar to that among court com­mitments, with "Burglary" constituting the largest group, and "Dl'Ug Laws" the small· est.

8. The median sentence length for first releases with definite sentences was 41.7 months. For l'eleases with indeterminate sentences, the median of the maximum was 87.0 months.

9. The median time served was 20.9 months; 8.7 percent served 5 years or more. 'fhe highest median time served figure was for the "Homicide" offense category, 52.0 months. The lowest was for "Other Of­fenses", 14.1 months.

10. Releases with definite sentences had a median time served figure of 16.9 months, while those with indeterminate sentences registered a time served median of 23.4 months. Releases with definite sentences served about 40 percent of their sentence lengths, in contrast to releases with inde­terminate sentences who served about 27 percent of the maximum.

11. Pal'ole was the most frequently used method of release by State institutions dur­ing 1960, with 59.9 percent of all felony pris­oners being released in this way_

YEAR-END PRISON POPULA TION 12. On December 31, 1960, there were

177,703 felony prisoners confined in State institutions for adult felons' offenders, of whom 96.9 "percent were mal~s. Of the total, 84.8 percent had been continuously confined. Whites constituted 61,3 percent of the total confined and 60.6 percent of the continuous­ly confined.

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13. The median age for all pri1';oners con­fined was 30.8 years, 3.8 years higher than for court commitments. Whites had a medi­an uge of 29.!J years, and non-whites, a medi­an age of 30.!) years. For prisoners contin­uously confined only, the median age was :~O.3 years.

1A. "Burg-Iar}" constituted the largest offense category among the year-end popula­tion, with 2,1.0 percent. "I.uto Theft", with 3.H percent, was the Hmallesi. The highest median age among oty~nse categories was in the "Homicide" group, 38.2 years, and the lowest was in the "Auto Theft" group, 2,1.1 yenrs. "Embezzlement, Fraud and Forgery" had the greatest proporUon of whites, R3J percent, and "Homicide" had the highest Pl'OpOi'Uon of non-whites, ;)6.3 percent.

Hi. Prisoners under definite sentences comprised 35..1 percent of the total year-end felony popUlation and 37.1 percent of the

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population continuously confined. The me­dian sentence length for the year-end pop­ulation witb definite sentences was 97.6 months, while the median for indetermin­ate maxima was 148.8 months.

16. The median time served by the year­end population continuously confined was 16.7 months. For prisoners with definite sen­tences, the time served median was 17.3 months; for those with indeterminate Sen­tences, it was H:iA months.

17. Less than one percent of the year-end felony population for whom place of birth was reported were foreign-bom. Single pris­oners made up 46.6 percent of the popula­tion, 32.3 percent were married, 18.6 percent were divorced or separated, and 2.5 percent were widowed. Among prisoners for whom recidivism data were reported, 49 percent had one or more prior commitments to an adult felony institution.

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II. INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

The National Prisoner Statistics program was transferred from the Bureau of the Census to the Federal Bureau of Prisons in 1950. Since then, two summary reports have been published annually-one present­ing data on p i~,oner movement and popula­tion, and the (jther on prisoners executed by civil authorities. A third annual summary report-on personnel employed by penal in­stitutions-was initiated in 1958.1

In addition to the annual reports, four slY-cial detailed reports have been published by the Bureau of Prisons. They were:

PRISONERS IN STATE AND FED­ERAL INSTITUTIONS, 1950

PRISONERS RELEASED FROM STATE AND FEDERAL INSTITUTIONS, 1951

PRISONERS RELEASED FROM STATE AND FEDERAL INSTITUTIONS, 1952 AND 1953

PRISONERS RELEASED FROM STATE AND FEDERAL INSTITUTIONS, 1960

COVERAGE OF THIS REPORT This report presents detailed data on the

charactel'istks of adult felony pl'isoners ad­mitted to, confined in, and released from State correctional institutions for adult felony offe:!id0.t's in the United Stdes dur­ing calendar year 1960.2 Where possible,

1 As of this writing, the personnel report has been discontinued.

!! Data on Federal prisoners for 1960 is available, on a fiscal year basis, in Federal Prisons, 1960, and Feclcml P1'is0l1S, 1961. New Jersey and Alaska are excluded from this report; the District of Columbia is included. Figures contained in this l'eport may differ from figures found in previously published reports, due principally to the incorporation of data received subsequent to their pUblication. For the purposes of this report, a "felony" prisoner is defined as a pril:oner with a sentence of six months or longer, who was committed for a "felony-type" offense (i.e., an offense other than those generally classified as "misdemennors"-offcnses falling into the general

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compal'isons are made between the different populations, and with data from previous years.a

Detailed data on court commitments are presented for the first time since the publi­cation of PRISONERS IN STATE AND FEDERAL INSTITUTIONS, 1950.· Charac­teristics dealt with are age, marital status, method of admission, offense, race, sex, and type and length of sentence.

Characteristics of the year-end prison l)opulation are covered for the first time in a detailed report since the publication, by the Bureau of the Census, of PRISONERS, 1923. Data for this portion of the report were obtained from a special survey of State prison population conducted by the Bureau of Prisons in conjunction with the 1960 decennial census of the Bureau of the Census. Characteristics included are age, birthplace, confinement status, maritaJ status, offense, prior commitment status, race, sex, time served since commitment, and type and length of sentence.

Although first releases for 1960 have already been covered in another detailed report,'! information on first releases is in­cluded in the present report so that compar­isons between the different populations can be made, and in order that the previously published data may be updat/i!d to include corrections received after first publication. Characteristics dealt with are method of release, offense, sex, time served before release, and type and length of sentence.

classification of disorderly conduct, drunlwnness, and vagrancy, or the female offenses of soliciting and prostitution) .

:l Comparisons with previous years will be limited to data from the 1950's. It was hoped that compari­sons could be made between characteristics of 1960 court commitments and court commitments from previous years, back to 11)40. However, not only did the Second World War distort figures for the early 40's, but Mississippi and Georgia w(~re excluded from the statistics from 1940 through 1950, and Michigan was exculded from 1942 through 1951.

4 PRISONERS RELEASED FROM STATE AND FEDERAL INSTITUTIONS, Hl60. A "first release" is a prisoner who is being released for the first time on his current sentence.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DA TA Considerable caution should be used in

making State-to-State comparisons, due to the wide disparaties in criminal codes and in sentencing and l'elease policies from jur­isdiction to jurisdidion, and because of the limited coverage of this l'eport. Only pris­oners in adult correctional institutions are covered by this report, thereby excluding prisoners confined in county or local jails, workhouses, work camps, juvenile institu­tions, etc. Coverage is also reduced by the elimination, in the detailed tables and charts, of prisoners under sentence of death, prisoners with "indefinite" sentences (i.e:, sentences with no minimum and no maXI­mum), unsentenced prisoners, prisoners who died while serving their sentence, misde­meanants, and juveniles classified as juve­nile delinquents or wayward minors.

The data covering court commitments and first releases are collected regularly in an ongoing program. The information reflect­ing the year-end population, on the other hand, was solicited on a one-time basis from

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the reporting agencies, and therefore suffers from lack of experience with the forms and definitions. Nevertheless, it was felt that the year-end population characteristks can still be of value to correctional administrators in answering general questions concerning the prison population, as well as in m~ki~g broad comparisons between charactenstIcs of admissions, releases, and prisoners con­fined. Furthermore, if the problems and dangers are carefully considered, limited comparisons can be made on a State-by-State basis.

Among the three populations, inter-juris­dictional comparability is greatest for such characteristics as offense, race, method of release, and birthplace, for which it has been possible to use oroad groupings in the tables. In the case of year-to-year compari­sons, comparability has been increased through the use of equivalent groupings of the data used in the computation of medians. State-by-State comparisons on type and length of sentence, on the othel' hand, are particularly questionable.

Il'a GENERAL CHARACTERISTless

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GENERAL CHARACTERISTleS5

PRISONERS RECEIVED FROM COURT (See Table A1)

During calendar year 1960, there were 72,608 prisoners received from court in State institutions for adult felony offenders. Of these, 95.4 percent were felony prisoners, the remainder consisting of misdemeanants, juveniles, prisoners received from court with indefinite sentences, and prisoners l'e­ceived from court under sentence of death.

RELEASES (See Table Rl)

A total of 79,822 prisoners were released during 1960,of whom 85,9 percent were first releases. The remainder were "re-releases" (i.e., prisoners who had previously been re­leased on their current sentence, but were later returned as parole or conditional re­lease violators, and al'e now b~lng released for a second or subsequent Hme on the same sentence). \

The 65,201 felony first relea,ses constituted 95.1 percent of the total first, releases. The other first releases included misdemeanants, juveniles, first releases with indefinite sen­tences, and prisoners who died while serving their sentence.

YEAR-END POPIIILA TION (See Table Pl)

On December 31, 1960, there were 185,229 prisoners confined in State institutions for adult felony offenders; -of these, 95.9 percent were felony prisoners. The rest were misde-

lj Data provided in the footnotes on Fedetal pris­oners were computed from the Federal Bureau of Prisons pUblication, F'ede1'al Prisons, 1960,

n Non-white felony court commitments consisted of 23,397 Negroes (95,6 percent), 852 American Indians (3.5 percent), and 220 of other races (0,9 percent) ; among the non-white' year-end felony population, there were 66,053 Negroes (96.0 percent), 1,882 American Indians (2.7 percent), and 848 of other rtlces (1.2 percent).

The percentage of whites among sentenced Fed­eral court commitments during fiscal year 1960 was

meanants, juveniles, unsentenced prisoners, prisoners with indefinite sentences, and prisoners under sentence of death.

There were 150,702 felony prisonel's con­tinuously confined (i.e., they had not been out of prison on escape and had not been 1'('-: leased by parole or other conditional meth· ods of release and returned as a violator on their current sentence); they constituted 84.8 percent of the total felony prisoners confined.

SEX (See Tables Ai, R1, and Pl)

Females comprised 4.2 percent of the fel­ony court commitments and 4.3 percent of the felony first releases during 1960. How­ever, only 3.1 percent of the felony prisoners confined on December 31, 1960, were women.

RACE (See Table At and Pl)

There were 44,766 white and 24,469 non­white felony court commitments to State institutions during 1960, the proportions be­ing 64.7 percent whites and 35.3 percent non­whites. In the year-end population, the pro­portion of non-whites was slightly higher, comprising 38.7 pel'cent of the total.o

AGE (See Tables At and Pl)

The median age for the felony prisoners received from court was 27.0 years; for 'the year-end population, the median age was 30.8 years-almost 4 yeal's higher than in the case of court commitments.7

70.2 percent, Of the non-whites, 84.4 percent were Negroes, 7.0 percent were American Indians, and 8.6 percent were of other races or "unknown". , j The median age of 30.8 years for the year-end population was for all felony prisoners confined on December 31, 1960. The median age for felony pris­oertel'S continuously confined at the end of 1960 was 30.3 years.

Sentenced Federal court commitments dUl'jng fis­cal year 1960 (excluding Juvenile Delinquents) had a median age of 30.4 years.

5

CHART 1

[ AGE DISTRIBUTION I A - FELONY COURT COMMITMENTS: 1960

19 And Under 17.1%

20 Til 29 43.6%

Note: Ages are in years, and are inclusive.

Source: Table A 9

Court commitments below t.he age of twenty corlstituted 17.1 l>ercent of the total felony commit.ments as compared to only 8.3 percent below the age of 20 among the fel­ony prisoners continuously confined at the end of the year. Prisoners 40 yea:!.'s or older accounted for 15.2 percent of all commit­ments, and 22.2 percent of the year-end pop­ulation.(See Chart 1 altd Tables A9 altd P9)

AGE AND RACE (See Tables A7, AS, P7 and PS)

Non-whites had a higher median age than whites among both court commitments and the year-end population continuously con­fined. 'l'he differences were 0.4 years for com­mitments and 1.0 years for the year-end population.

There was a higher proportion of whites in the "45-54 year'" age group t.han in any other group among commitments; the high­est proportion of whites among the contin-

6

B - FELONY PRISONERS CONTINUOUSLY CONFINED ON DECEMBER 31, 1960

Note: Ages are in years, and are inclusive.

Source: Table P 9

uously confined year-end population was in the "65 years and over" age group. The greatest concentration of non-whites among both commitments and the year-end popula­tion was in the "30-34" age group. (See Clzart 2)

OFFENSE DA TA HIGHLIGHTS8 "Burglary" constituted the largest of­

fense group among the felony prisoners re­ceived from court by State correctional in­stitutions in 1960, with 27.8 percent of the total commitments. "Embezzlement, Fraud and Forgery" was the second largest group, with 14.8 percent of all commitments, fol­lowed closely by "Larceny {except Auto Theft)", with 13.4 percent. "Drug Laws" made up the smallest otl'ense categ'ory with L1.2 percent, followed by "Auto Theft", with 4.8 percent. (See Figure 1 and Tables Al and All)

~,

CHART 2 AGE BY RACE

A. FELONY PRlSOlrERS RECEIVED FROM COURT: 1960

AGE PERCENT (Ill YI<:AR2,) 10 '5 5.5 60 65 0 9 101

AllAGES~ - '> \ ..... '" .' .

.i."j A::D U;lDER' :".-~/ ).;~ .",;';;,: :i;~(.;"~ ~{r:::~~~:5J; c, .i

_10 rrO 24 .. ,,~:-::;:\ > )):>:';V;\'.V"; 'Z;;:.:,y.r;,-,';;;'; ,'k,B • 2::, 'IO '::'9 I' ,.' ',,;~, ~\: ':': 1", .• :;<: Jiii,'~>n '<8;'f{!·::~::. k>;·':/

30 TO 34 ' j£J§j,;;,~,'~:' <~ \;":/,.::'2;; }:o;.;i';;;,;' ·~'il \.

~ 3') fro 39 ' .. ';.'.\;;';;'::,. r8nS) j'":\"'N \\ "',,< '7;"7'\

40 TO 44 X':"'i:~V~~;;:l;'_:Z: I~,);~t~~\vi~"~'"';: L{~:!;t:t;~;;;

5E \t ,\ .~

1,5 TO 54 ' .... :'!;>/',:.':., /·[;:~;:.I !!£W'.: X;;~%~:~i':;~f~~?:;: \\ 55 TO 64 ,:;\>(~{::,:: ),l4:' '.; ;~,P~i\ ,\~;:~;,': ''i~;,:;'':i/~))R':::: \ 65 AND OVER ··~;;;<;,:<·\·:::<'i·, ,'::.;, :~'{;J ."'~\ "/.'>'>:,.' <] \\

o Non-1~hite Source: Table A7

B. FELOllY PRISONERS CONTINUOUSLY CONFINED ON DECEMBER 31., 1960

AGE (IN YEARS)

All AGES

20 TO 24

25 TO 29

30 TO 34

35 TO 39

lfO TO 44

45 TO 54

55 TO 64

65 AND OVER

[] Non-white Source:· Tab1.e P7

Iiote: Ages are inc1.usi ve.

7

Figure 1. - - PERCENTAGE DISTRIB UTION OF OFFENSES AMONG FELONY COURT COMMITMENTS, FELONY F'IRST RELEASES, &:

YEAR-END FELONY POPULATION IN STATE PRISONS: 1960

FELONY OFFENSE COURT

COMMITMENTS

ALL OFFENSES •. 100.0

HOMICIDE •••••. " •••• 5.2

ROBBERY ••.••••..•• 10.9

ASSAULT .••.•.•..••. 5.6

BURGLAR Y •••••••••• 27.8

LARCENY (Except Auto Theft) ....•.•. 13.4

AUTO THEFT •••••••• 4.8 EMBEZZLEMENT,

FRAUD &: FORGER Y •. 14.8

SEX OFFENSES ••••••• 5. 3

DRUG LA WS ••••••.••• 4.2 OTHER OF'FENSES .••• 8. 1

8 When utilizing data on offense presented in this report, it should be borne in mind that the offense groups used are somewhat arbitrary, thus not neces­sarily revealing the precise nature of the offense committed.

The offense groupings used in this report contain the following offenses, as they are most commonly rel)Orted: Homicide-Murder, Manslaughter (negligent and

non-negligent) . Robbc1'y-Armed and Unarmed Robbery, MUggings,

Banle Robbery, Banditry, Hijac1dng, and attempts at any of the above.

Assault-Aggravated and Simple Assault, Batteries, Attempted Murder, Attempted Manslaughter, Threats.

Bll1'gla1'y-Burglary, Breaking and Entering, Safe­cracking, Forcible Trespass.

Larcenll, except A~(to Theft-Simple Larceny, Grand Larceny, Shoplifting, Cattle Rustling, Auto Break­ing or Tampering, Pocket-picldng, Purse Snatch­ing; Receiving, Concealing, and/or Possession of Stolen Goods.

8

YEAR-END FELONY YEAR-END FELONY FIRST FELONY POPULATION

RELEASES POPULATION (CONTINUOUSLY, CONFINED, ONLY'

100.0 100. 0 100.0

5.4 11.8 12.3 10.6 16.6 16.3 5.6 4.9 5. I

26.9 24.0 23.5

14.3 9.4 9.5 4.8 3. 9 3. 7

14.5 10.8 10.4 5.4 8.0 8.4 4.2 5.3 5.3 8.2 5.4 5.4

Source: Tables All, R6, pb, &: PIO

Auto Theft-Larceny of Auto, Joy-riding, Unauthor­ized Use.

Embezzlement, F?'at/.d and F01'ge1'lI-Embezzlement, Conversion, Confidence Game, Disposing of Mort­gaged Property, Obtaining Money or Property by False Pretenses, Fraudulent 01' Fictitious Checks or Checks Drawn on Insufficient Funds, Counter­feiting, Forgery, Uttering.

Sex Offenses-Forcible Rape, Statutory Rape, In­decent Assault, Carnal Abuse, Sodomy, Adultery, Cohabitation, Incest, Indecent Liberties, Indecent Exposure, Lewdness (male), Peeping Tom, Seduc­tion, Soliciting (male), Commercialized Vice, Pandering, Obscenity, Pornography.

D1'ug Laws-Sale or Possession of Narcotics, Dope, or other Drugs, including Marihuana.

Other Offenses-Weapons Laws, Escape, Abortion, At'son, Bigamy, Bribery, Conspiracy, Blackmail, Extortion, Gamoling, Kidnapping or Abduction, Liquor Law, Violations, Malicious Mischief; Non­support, Neglect, or Desertion of Wife and/or Children; Perjury; Violation of Automobile Laws; Contributing to Delinquency; Possession of Bur­glar Tools.

CHART 3

OFFENSE DISTRIBUTION

A - fELONY tOURT COMMITMENTS: 1960

, OTHER OFFENSES i3.0%

Source: Tables A 1. A •

Distribution Df offenses among the felony first releases in 1960 was similar to that among the court commitments; "Burglary", with 26.9 percent of the total first releases, was the largest group and "Drug Laws", with 4.2 percent, was the smallest. (See Fig­llre 1 and Tables Rl and R6)

The accumulation of persons ~erving for more serious offenses is reflected in the dis­tribution for the year-end felony population -where "Burglary" was still the'largest group, with 24.0 percent of the total con­fined-but "Robbery" was second, with 16.6 percent of the total, and "Homicide" was third, with 11.8 percent. "Auto Theft" was the smallest, with 3.9 percent of the total confined, followed by "Assault", with 4.9 percent. The year-end population of felony prisoners continuously confined was simi­lar to the total felony populationY (See Figure 1 and Tables PI, P4, and PIO)

Offenses involving violence or threat of violence against persons (excluding sex of­fenses) constituted 21.7 percent of the court commitments, with "Robbery" the largest

9

B - FELONY PRISONERS CONfiNED ON DECEMBER 31. 1960

.OTHER OffENSES 58.7%

."-"

Source: Tables P 1. P 10

group, containing 10.9 percent of the total commitments.l° Among the year-end popu­latio~, "violent" offenses comprised 33.3 per­cent of the total confined. The percentage of "violent" offenses among the first releases was 21.6 percent, and among the continu­ously confined year-end population it was 33.7 percent. (See Figllre I and Chart 3)

The ofiepse categories registering the greatest proportional increases between 1950 and 1960 among felony court 'commitments were "Drug Laws", which rose from 1.1 per­cent of the total in 1950 to 4.2 percent in 1960, and "Burglary", which increased from 25.0 percent in 1950 to 27.8 percent in 1960.

!J While, in State institutions, "Auto Theft" ac­counted for only 4.8 percent of court commitments and 3.9 percent of the year-end population, in Federal Institutions it constituted. more than 24 percent of the court commitments and more than 25 pet'cent of the year-end population.

111 In addition to Rape and other forcible sex offenses, Kidnapping and Extortion were also ex­cluded fr0111 the "violent" crimes listing. The latter two constituted a negligible percentage. of all crimes.

CHART 4

OFFENSE FREQUENCY COMPARISON BETWEEN 1950 & 1960 FELONY COURT COMMITMENTS

£.f,;EEZZLEMENT, ~ PAt':' N:n FORGERY

LARCEii'[ 'IIIIIIIIII~~MI AUTO T}<"EFT) ~

ROB:3ERY

OTHER OFFENSES

AGGAULT

SEX OFJi'El!SES

HOMICIDE

AUTO THEFr

DRUG LAIVS

1950

1960

note: Georgia, Hawaii and Michigan 1,ere excluded in 1950; lIew Jersey was exclu(led in 1960.

Source: Table All & Prisoners in State and Federal Institutions, 1950, Table 31

10

CHART 5

OFFENSE BY AGE

A. FELONY COURT COMMITMENTS: 1960

OFFEWSE MBDIAN AGE, Iii mRS

HOMICIDE 11111111111111111111 EMIlEZZLEMEN'r 1

FRAUD AUD FORGERY

OTHER OFFENSES

SEX OFFENSES

DRUG LA'WS

ASSAULT

BURGLARY

AUTO THEFT

Source: Table AS

B. FELONY PRISONERS CONTINUOUSLY CONFINED ON DECEMBER 31, 1960

OFFENSE MEDIAN A.GE 1 IN YF..ARS 40

HOMICIDE

ASSAULT

DRUG LAWS

BURGLARY

AUTO THEFT

Source: Ta!)le PS

11

CHART 6

OFFENSE DISTRIBUTION BY RACE

OFFENSE

BURGLARY

ROBBERY

O'J'HER OFFENGES

SEX OFFENSES

AUTO ~l.'HEFT

ASSAULT

HONICIDE

DRUG LAHS

II i'/hite

A. FELONY COURT COMMITMENTS: 1960

NUl'mER

3,890

2,927

m Non-Hhite

5 10 PERCENT

15 20 25

Source: Table Ab

B. FELONY PRISONERS CONTINUOUSLY CONFINED ON DECEMBER 31, 1960

OFFEHSE

BURGLARY

ROBBERY

EMBEZZLEI-1ENT , FRAUD AND FORGERY

LARCENY, EXCEFr AUTO THEFT

SEX OFFENSES

IIOJ.lICIDE

OTHER OFFENSES

DRUG LAWS

AUTO THEFT

ASSAULT

PERCENT XlUl-IBER

20

24,627

15,633

14,284

18,538

8,144

7,739

[W .... :.:. ::::::::: Non-white .... Source: Table Po

12

30

30

'rhe largest decrease was recorded by "Lar­ceny (except Auto Theft)", which fell from 16.7 percent of the total in 1950 to 13.4 per­cent in 1960. Crimes of violence also de­creased, hom 24.2 percent of the total in 1950, to 21.7 percent of the total in 1960. (See Chart 4)

OFFENSE AND AGE (See TalJles 04.8, AO, PB, and PO)

Tht; "Homicide" offense group had the highest median age both among court com­mitments and the continuously confined yeal'-end population-3?.5- years and 38.2 years, respectively. Tho:. ;~nvest median age in both populations W:LS ii. the "Auto Theft" group-22.7 years ~or t.he commitments, and 24.1 years for ',he year-end population. (See Chart 5)

OFFENSE AND RACE (See Tables 116, A7, P6, cmd P7)

Of the total white felony court commit­ments in 1960, the largest percentage were committed for "Burglary"-28.6 perceltt­followed by "Embezzlement, Fraud and Forgery", with 19.2 percent. The offense cat· egories with the lowest percentages were "Drug Laws", 3.4 percent; "Homicide", 3.5 percent; and "Assault", 3.7 percent. The "violent" offenses comprised 16.4 percent of the total white commitments. (See Chart 6)

"Burglary" also comprised the largest percentage among non-white felony court commitments in 1960-2().3 percent; how­ever, "Larceny (except Auto TheftY' was the second largest offense group with 14.6 percent of the total, followed by "Robbery", 13.8 percent. HAuto Theft" had the smallest percentage of the total, with 3.8 percent. "Violent" offenses made up almost twice as many of the non-white felony court commit­ments as they did of the white commit· ments, with 31.1 percent of the total. (See Cha}'t 6)

In the year-end population of felony pris­oners continuously confined, "Burglary" was high among both whites and non-whites -comprising 24.7 percent of the whites con­fined, and 21.6 percent of the non-whites. "Robbery" was the gecond largest group, with 14.7 percent of the whites and 18.8 Ii·;:1'­cent of the non-whites. "Assault" was low

among whites, with 3.9 percent of the total confined, and "Auto Theft" was lhe smallest group among non-whites, with 2.8 percent of the total. Offenses of violence or thl'eatened violence against persons made up 27.5 per­cent of the wmle population and 43.3 pel.'­cent of the non-whites. (See Chart 6)

The offense group of "Embezzlement, Fraud and FOl'gery" had the highest pro­portion pf whites Jlm~mg both court !wmmit­ments-83.9 percent-and the year-end pop­ulation continuously confined-S3.1 percent. The highest proportion of non-whites was in the "Assault" group among the commit­ments and in the "Homicide" group among the year-end pOlmlation-57.4 percent and 56.3 percent, respectively. 'rhe proportion of non-whites was above 50 percent in only one other offense group for the commitments­"Homicide", with 56.1 percent non-whites. Non-whites exceeded 50 percenJ. ;~ two other groups among the year-end l;..,pulation­"Assault", li3.9 percent, and ~; Drug Laws", 50.9 percent. (See Chart 7)

OFF£NS:E, AGE, AND RACE (See Tables A6, A7, A8, P6, P7, and P8)

The highest median age among whHe fel­ony court commitments was in the "Embez­zlement, Fraud, and Forgery" offense cat­egory-32.2 y~ars-followed by "Homicide", 31.6 years. Among nun-whites; the highest median age was in the "Homicide" group. "Auto Theft" had the lowest median age in both populations-22.6 years for the whites, and 23.0 years for the non-whites. (Bee Chart 8) . "Homicide" had the highest median age for both I'aee-groups in the year-end poputa. tion of felony prisoners. continuously con· fined-38.5 years for whites and 38.1 years for non-whites. "Auto Theft" was low 1'01' both groups-23.9 years for whites and 24.7 yeaTS for non-whites. (See Cltm·t 8)

TYPE AND LENG1'H OF SENTENCE (See 'l.'a,bles Ai, A2J A8, Air, A12,

Rl, R4, R5, Pi, Pf!., and P8)

Sentence length and type of sentence prov­ed the most difficult data to collect and pre­sent in meaningful fashion, owing to the great variation in practices among jUl'isdic-

13

CHART 7 0FFENSE BY DACE

A. FELONY COURT CO~ll.uTMENTS: 1960

• White ill] Non-white Source: Table A7

B. FELONY PRISONERS CONTINUOUSLY CONFINED ON D~CEMBER 31, J.960

II White !EBNon-white Source: Table P7

14

" 'i

jW-'

OFFENSE, BY, AGE AND RACE

A. FELONY COURT COMMITMENTS: 1960

OFFENSE

EtillEZZLEMENT J

FRAUD AND FORGERY

H,ONICIDE

OTHER O:e'FENSES

SEX OFFENSES

ASSAUILl!

DRUG LAnS

ALL OFFENSES

ROBBERY

BURGLARY

AUTO THEET .

.. Hhite III Hon-white

f.lED:tIiU AGE (W YEIiRS)

30

Source: Table A8

B. F;ELONY PRISONERS CONTINUOUSLY CONFINED ON DEC. 31, 1960 i:::c

HONICIDE

." SEX OFF,ENSES

ENHEZZLEMENT J

FRAUD AND FORGERY

OTHER OFF,E}lSES

ALL OFFENSES

gj11Vbite Ililll Non-wbi te

J.lIIDIAN AGE (])I TIlAFS)

35 40

Source: Table F8

---------------------------------------------------

tions. In addition, the distinction between the three m~.ior forms of sentencingll em­ployed by our cl'iminal courts has been I'en­dered almost meaningless by the increasing use of conditional release methods12 and commutation of sentences for good behav­ior.

Definite and indeterminate sentences are comparable only in the sense that the length of the definite term and the length of the maximum of the indeterminate sentence both represent the maximum a prisoner may serve on his sentence. It is for this reason only that comparisons are made in this re­port between types and lengths of sentences. It should be emphasized that, as indices of the actual time to be served, definite and indeterminate sentences are not compar­able,l3

A summary of the data on sentence length is presented below. Limited comparisons be­tween the sentence lengths of court commit­ments, first releases, and the year-end pop­ulation will be made on the basis of Tables A2, R5, and P2, and some nation-wide com­parisons will be made on the basis of the data contained in Tables AI, A3, A4, R1, and PI.

11 The three major forms of sentencing, as the National Prisoner Statistics program defines them, al'e:

1. "Definite" sentence--a specific or "fiat,j term of years, with no minimum or maximumstated. Generally prisoners are released after serving some fraction of their term-either by good-time law~, parole, 01' some other conditional release.

2. "Indeterminate" sentence-a tel"m 'WIth a fixed maximum and, usually, with a fixed minimum.

3. "Indefinite" sentence-a term which has neither minimum nor maximum limits. (Detailed data on indefinite sentences are not presented in this l·eport.)

It should be noted that, originally, the definite sentence was intended to equa1ize penalties imposed in accordance with the nature arid degree of the offense, thus depriving judges of discretionary power in fixing the length of sentences. Howev"r, through the development of conditional-release and good-time laws, definite sentences have, in effect, become in­determinate sentences, with a fixed maximum and minimum. (See Paul W. Tappan, Crime, Justice ctnd COl'1'ection, 1960, pp. 430-437).

Also, indeterminate and indefinite sentences often overlap. For example, indeterminate sentences

16

SENTENCE DA TA HIGHLIGHTS (Type ot Sentence)

All but four States (Hawaii, New Hamp­shire, Oregon, and Washington) x'eported at least some felony court commitments under definite sentence. There were twelve States-Alabama, Delaware, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Carolina~ Virginia, and Wisconsin-which reported no indeterminate sentences. Commitments with definite sentences made up 38.8 percent of all felony court commitments in the United States during 1960. Regionally, the South had 68.4 percent definite sentences, while indeterminate sentences predominated In the Nol'theast, 97.5 percent; the West, 93,3 percent; and in the North Central region, 75.7 percent. (See Chart 9 and Table A2)

Six States reported no definite sentences among their felony first releases-Hawaii, New Hampshire, New York, Oregon, Wash­ington, and Wyoming. South Dakota and eleven of the twelve States (excluding Wis­consin) that had no indeterminate sentences among their commitments also had none among their first releases. The proportion of

with a minimum of 6 months and maximum of 15 01' 20 years, which are quite common in California (see Table A3), are, for all practical purposes, indefinite.

1:! "Conditiol,al release" is a type of discharge whereby, providing certain conditions are met, a per­son may be released (through the action of a "parole board" 01' other authority) into the community, where he continues his sentence under supervision; if he violates the conditions of his release, he may be returned to prison to continue his sentence in con­finement.

13 Although, as noted above, the distinction be­tween definite and indeterminate procedures has be­come blurred, there is a tendency for the courts and correctional administrators to look upon definite sentences as a specific time to be served, and to look upon indeterminate sentences as setting more or less broad limits within which the prisoner shall be re­leased in accordance with his response to the correc­tional program.

Because the interaction is unknown among the several variables associated with the differential use of definite and indeterminate sentences (sentence length, time served, offense, geographic distribution, race, etc.,) it is impossible to attribute causality to any of them.

'; \

f

~ Unknown

o 0-10%

o 1\- 49%

o 50-89%

o 90-100%

PROPORTIONATE USE OF DEFINITE SENTENCE FOR FELONY COURT COMMITMENTS: 1960

PERCENT COMMITMENTS WITH DEF'NITE SENTENCE (ROUNDED TO NEAREST ~ERCENT)

HAWAII,O 0 . ....-'

DEL.,IOO

SOURCE: Table A 2

definite sentences among first releases was virtually the same as among court commit­ments. (See"Table R4)

Definite sen.tences were repolied by all but three States-Hawaii, Oregon and Washing­ton-in the year-end felony population. The twelve States which reported no indeter­minate sentences among the 1960 commit­ments also had none in the year-end popula­tion. Prisoners under definite senten·::e com­IH'ised 35,4 percent of the total felony pris­oners confined and 37.1 percent of the pris­oners continuously confined. Regional break­downs were essentially the same as in the case of commitments. (See Tables P2 and P3)

Of the States without definite sentences among their court commitments in 1960, only Oregon had none in 1950 (Hawaii was not reporting at that time). In general, there appears to have been a decline in the use of definite sentences since 1950-when 42.6 percent of the felony COUI't commit­ments had such sentences, as compared to

38.8 percent in 1960. All regions showed a decrease during this period. (See Table A12)

Eight of the ten States with the highest number of felony court commitments had ()O percent or more with indeterminate sen­tences, while the other two-Florida and Maryland-had more than 25 percent. (See Figllre 2) .

SENTENCE DA TA HIGHLIGHTS (Length of Sentence)14

The median sentence length of felony prisoners received from court by State in­stitutions in the United States during 1960 with definite sentences was M.5 months. For felony prisoners received with indetermin­ate sentences, the median maximum and minimum sentence lengths were 71.3 and 20,5 months, I'espectively. On the average, then, the indeterminate minimum was 3/5 the length of the definite term and 3/10 the length of the indeterminate maximum. The indeterminate maximum was twice the

FIGURE 2. -- PROPORTIONATE USE OF THE INDETEillUNATE SENTENCE AMONG FELOHY COURT COMMITMENTS TO STATE PRiSONS: 1960

(For lO states having highest number of felony court commitments)

N1JJ::BER OF PERCEIlT STATE FELONY COURT

CQi,l1·UTf.1EIlTS 10 25 50 75 100

CALIFORNIA 6)Ol8

TEXAS 5)032

NE~l YORK 4,203 :

NICHIGAN 3,681

MARYLAND 3,675 i ..

OHIO 3,584

FLORIDA 3,044

ILLINOIS 2,826 :::;:,:;

N:ORTH CAROLINA 2,687

GEORGIA 2,5l8 1 U.S.

Source: Table 1\2

18

"

length of the definite term. (See Table AI) Regionally, the average length of both

definite sentences and the maxima of inde­terminate sentences was longest in the West and shortest in the South. Conversely, the West had the shortest indeterminate min­ima, while the South had the longest. (See Table AI)

No State-by-State comparisons on sen­tence length are made in the text. However, detailed State-by-State breakdowns of sen­tence lengths for felony court commitments can be found in Tables A3 and A4, and less refined State-by-State breakdowns in Tables A2, R5, and P2. Sentence length distribu­tions for felony coul't commitments in the United States are illustrated in Chal't 10. Chart 11 presents a comparison between the maximum and minimum sentence lengths of the ten States having the largest number of felony court commitments with indetermin­ate sentences.

Median sent\~nce lengths of felony court commitments were slightly lower in 1960 than in 1950, for both definite terms and the maxima of indeterminate sentences. The minima of indetel'minate sentences, on the other hand, averaged somewhat higheryj Definite sentence length medians were low­er in 1960 for all regions but the West, and the median maximum of indeterminate sen­tences was lower in both the North Central region and the West. (See Table A12)

For the purpose of making contparisons between court commitments, first releases, and year-end population only, the median

14 In order to avoid tables of prohibitive length, data on sentence length and time served are pre­sented as medians. Medians were used in preference to the arithmetic mean because they serve as a bet­ter summary statistic for this type of data. Compu­tations were made from grouped data, a necessary but not entirely satisfactory procedure since it as­sumes an even distribution within the group in which the median falls-a condition which is not met by data on sentence length. This has resulted in some distortion in the medians presented in the repo~·t from the true medians, as is most apparent in those cases whel'e it was advisable to present two sets of medians for the same data using different sentence

definite sentence length for felony court commitments to State institutions in the United States during 1960 was 41.8 months, as compared to '11.7 monthG for felony first releases and 97.6 months for the year-end felony population. 'rhe median of the max­ima of indeterminate sentences for commit­ments was 101.4 months, as compared with 87.0 months for first releases and U8.8 months for the year-end population. (See C/zart 12 a1ld Tables A2, R.5, and P2)

Regionally, the effect of shortening sen­tence lengths after commitment is most evident in the case of the West-where the median indeterminate maximum at admis­sion in 1960 was 166.2 months, but, at re­lease, was only 76.8 months. (See Tables A2 and R5)

A comparison between the medians of the maximum indeterminate sentence lengths for felony court commitments and felony first releases in the ten States having the greatest number of felony first releases with indeterminate sentences is provided in Chart 13.

SENTENCE LENGTH AND RACE (See Table A10)

There was very little difference in the sen­lence length median of the white felony prisoners received from court by State in­stitution~ in 1960-63.0 months-and that of the non-white felony prisoners l'eceived-61.6 months.1o

length groupings. As a general rule, therefore, medians computed from more discrete groupings of data are nearer to the true medians than are those based upon less discrete groupings.

lfi See Table Al for 1960 figures. The median for 1950-19.7 months-was computed from data con­tained in Table 28, Prisoncl's in State and Fcc/e1'Ctl Institutions, 1950.

11; Wherever median sentence lengths are cited without reference to sentence type, they are a com­bination of the maximum of the indeterminate sen­tence length and the length of the definite term.

19

12,500

10,000

\,500

5,000

2,500

° i:-..? 0

10,000

\,500

5,000

2,500

°

A. MINIMA OF INDETERMINATE SENTENCES

20 yrs. and ov~r

12,500

10,000

5,000

2,500

°

B. DEFINITE SENTENCES AND MAXIMA OF INDETERMINATE SENTENCES

Sentence Length

Distribution

FELONY COURT COMMITMENTS

1960

10,000

•. Definite

!lEI Maximum ot' !nJeterminate

Source : Tab1e A3

2,500.

°

INDETERMINATE SENTENCE LENGTH

STATE

ALL STATES

CALIFORNIA

llIDr YORK

NICIIIGAU

OHIO

TEXAS

ILLINOIS

NORTH CAROLINA

GEORGIA

PENNSYLVANIA

nmIft.N'A

(Length of minimum and maximum of indeterminate sentences of felony court commitments during 1960, for the 10 states with the most indeterminate sentences)

IIlffi-IDER MEDIAN SENl'ENCE LENGTH, m MONTHS

42,364

5,956

4,194

3,660

3,515

3,510

2,556

1,688

1,595

1,} 485

1,287

II Length of minimum IE! Length of maximum Source: Tables Al and A4

o

...... -..

[Sentence Length Distribution (BY TYPE OF SENTENCE)

11.. FELONY COURr COl4MI'TI4E!lTS: 1960 C. FELWY PRI301lERS CO::FIllED Oll DEC. 31, 1960

15,000 40,000

10,000 -t----- 3~,000 -4--------------------------

5,000 30,000 -if-----------

° 25,000 -1 ________________ _

Source: Table A2 20,000 -t-----------------

15,000 B. FELOHY FIRST RELEASES: 1960

15,000 -1-------

10,000 -+ ___ _ 10,000 -1--------

5,00(' 5,000

° 0

6 moz. 2 yrs. 5 yrs. 10 yrs. 20 yrs. 6 mos. 2 yrs. 5 yrs. 10 yrs. 20 yrs. under under under under and LIFE \mder under under under and LIFE 2 yrs. 5 Yl.'S. 10 Yl.'s. 20 yrs. over 2 yrs. 5 yrs. 10 yrs. 20 yrs. over

Source: Table R5 Source: Tab1e'P2

II Definite III Maximum of Indeterminate

f, ,l: .'

I SENTENCE LENGTH COMPARISON

STATE

ALL STATES

CALIFORNIA*

NEH YORK

OHIO

MICHIGAN

TEXAS

ILLINOIS

NORTH CAROLPfA

GEORGIA

PENNSYLVANIA

WASHINGTON

(Comparison between maxima of indeterminate sentence lengths of felony court commitments and felony first releases during 1960, for the 10 States with the largest number of felony first releases having indeterminate sentences)

NUJ:ruEn

39,578

4,59B

3,914

3,893

3,500

3,290

2,187

1,738 ,

'].,526

1,473

1,3J.0

~~I~ Court commitments illil First releases Source: Tables A2 and R5

*~ote: In California, indeterminate sentences are cenerally reviewed after confinement and, before release, reset to much shorter terms.

~' .... -.-.-.

CHART 14

AGE BY SENTENCE LENGTH FELONY COURT COMMITMENTS: 1960

(m YEARS) NUMBER MEDIAN SEIfl'ENCE UNGTH Cn; I.;ONTHS)

60

All AGES 69,235

19 AIID UNDER 11,838

20 TO 24 17,687

25 TO 29 12,521

30 TO 34 9,718

35 TO 39 6,981

40 TO 44 4,357

45 TO 54 4,416

55 TO 64 1,417

65 liND OVER 300

Note: Median sentence length is median of combination of maximum of indeterminate and definite sentences. Ages are inclusive. Source: Table 119

SENTENCE LENGTH AND AGE (See Table AD)

The lowest median sentence length, by age, was recorded for felony court commit­ments aged 19 and under-while the highest was for commitments aged 65 and over. There was very little difference between the median sentence lengths of the other age groups among the commitments. (See Chart 14)

TYPE AND LENGTH OF SENTENCE, AND OFFENSE (See Table A5)

The highest proportion of commitments with definite sentences among the offense categol'ies was registered by the "Other Offenses" group-51.4 percent-with the low­est proportion being among the "Drug Laws" group, with 15.0 percent. (See Chart 15)

"Homicide" had the highest median sen­tence length-190.6 months-followed by "Robbery", 122.3 months; "Drug Laws", 120.4 months; and "Sex Offenses", 108.9 months.

24

All the other offense groups had mu~h low­er median sentence lengths.17 (See Chart 16 and Table A9)

"Homicide" also had both the highest me­dian definite sentence length and the high­est median indeterminate maximum, with "Robbery" having the second highest me­dian for both types of sentences. The lowest medians for both types were recorded by "Other Offenses", followed by "Larceny (except Auto Theft)". (See Figure 3)

J 7 The sentence length groups which were used to compute the medians shown on TabJe A9 were more discrete-and thus, more accurate-than those used to compute the medians shown on Table A5. The medians shown 011 Table A5, therefore, will tend to be highcr than thc actual medians, and comparisons should not be made between the sentence length medians shown on TabJe A5 and those shown on Table A9.

..

CHART 15

TYPE OF SENTENCE, BY OFFENSE PERCB :'l'/\GE DISTRI ~UTIO\ FOR FELO;,Y (;OUR~ C01,lMIMNTS: 1900

OFFENSE

OTHER OFFE..~SES

HOMICIDE

LARCENY, EXC'EPT .ADTO THEFT

ASSAULT

BURGLARY

ALL OFFENSES

~~Z~~6RGERY SEX OFFENSES

ROBBERY

AUTO THEFT

DRUG LAWS

PERCENT

20 40 60 80 100

II Definite sentences §Jill Indeterminate sentences Source: Tables Al and A5

Figure 3.--0FFENSE, BY TYPE MID LEI1GTH OF SENTENCE, OF FELONY COURT COMMI~NTS TO STATE PRISONS: 1960

MEDIAN OF NEDIAN OF

DEFIlllTE IvfAXINUN OF

OFFEIISE SEilTEl"iCES IllDETERMINATE

(III !-IONTHS) (SENTEHCE~), IN NONTHS.

ALL OFFENSES .,. 41.8 101.4

HONICIDE •••••••••••• 235.1 188.0 ROBHERY ............. 97.6 166.0 ASSAULT ••••••••••••• 34.2 79.2 l3URGLARY ............ 43.1 100.5 LARCENY (EXCEPT

68.1 AUTO THEFT) ••••••• 29·9 AUTO THEFT .......... 32.1 89. 8 EMBEZZLEMENT,

103.4 FRAUD AND FORGERY 36.8 SEX OFFENSES •••••••• 70.8 146.9 DRUG LAHS ........... 50.5 149·0 OTHER OFFEI,SES •••••• 20.4 58.7

Source: Tables A2 and A5

SENTENCELENGTH,OFFENS£,AND RACE (See Table A1D)

The offense group with the highest me­dian sentence length for white felony court commitments was "Homicide", followed by "Robbery" and "Drug Laws", For non-white commitments, "Homicide" was again high, followed by "Robbery" and "Sex Offenses",

SENTENCE LENGTH, OFFENSE, AND AGE (See Table AD)

Table A9 provides information on sen­tence length by offense and age.

TIME SERVED (See Tables Rl, R2, and P8)

This report presents data on two phases of time served by felony prisoners. Fh'st, data al'e presented showing the total time served by prisoners who were released for the first time on their sentence during 1960. Secondly, then~ are data reflecting the time served by prisoners continuously confined

25

CHART 16

SENTENCE LENGTH, BY OFFENSE

FELONY COURT COMMITMENTS: 1960

200

!lote; Median sentence length is median of combination of maximum of indeterminate and definite sentences.

Source: Table A9

on their sentence, from the time of commtt· ment to the date of the l)OIHtlation survey (December 31, 1960).IH

The time served by prisoners at the time of their release is, perhaps, the most signifi­cant data collected and presented by the National Prisoner Statistics program. How long a prisoner actually spends in confine· ment before he is released presents a more comparable picture of penal practices in the various jurisdictions than does any other single area of data.

TIME SERVED BEFORE RELEASE (Sec Tables Rl and R2)

I~ Data arc presented on time served fur fir!;t re­leases and fOl" ]lrisonel's ('ontinuotlsly confined rathel' Lhan fOl' all l'l'h.'IlSell and the total ycal'-end popula­lion, be('auHc of the differing' Ill'occdures from juris­diction-to-.iurisdiction in ('olll]luting' time served fO!' prisoners who have been oul of the prison on pl\l'ole 01' othenvist' ('ondiiionally l'l'leafwd and have been l'('tlll'lled aH violalon; on their CLlrrent sentence, In H<lditioll, t'Sl'lIpe lime waH llot ('olle('ted in t11C case (If the yt'<ll'-('nd.population, so etlcapees had to be ex­('llIdt'lI from the time served Rtudies,

26

The median time served by felony first re­leases during 1960 was 20.9 months; 8.7 per­cent served 5 years or more. The modal time served by felony first releases fell in the 12 to 18 month interval. (See Chart 17)

Among the regions, the Northeast had the highest median time served-25.1 months, and the South the 10west-18.7 months. The Northeast, with 11.0 percent, was also high in the percentage who served 5 years or more before release, while the lowest region was the West, with 6.6 percent.

The District of Columbia had the highest median time served figure among the var­ious jurisdictions, 34.3 months, followed by

In u~il1g the time scrved figures, the reader :;hould be aware of ('crtain limitations arising from the collection of thesc data, In spite of attempts to tltandardize our dcfinitions, it scems apparent that in :;ome instances:

1, time out in et;capc :;tatw; WIl'i included in thc time ~crved figure,

2, time served was computed from date of admission rather than from the datc sen~ lenee began,

CHART 17

TIME SERVED DISTRIBUTION FELONY FIRST RELEASES: 1960

15,0:10 r---------------------------------,

10,000 -/----

o UNDER G 1-108.

6 NOS. UlIDER 1 YR.

1 YR. UlIDER

12: ~.;OS.

1S NOS. WIDER

2 YRS.

2 YRS. UlIDER 3 YRS.

Hawaii, 31.5 months, Pennsylvania, 31.2 months, and Illinois, 30.2 months.1 !J There were only five States with time served me­dians of less than 1 year-Vermont, 9.1 months; Montana, 10.9 months; South Dakota, 11.3 months; Maine, 11.3 months; and New Hampshire, 11.9 months. (See Gilart 18)

Median time served has remained fairly constant during the period from 1951 through 1960. However, the percent of first releases who served 5 years or more has declined, having fallen from 10.1 percent in 1951 to 8.7 percent in 1960. (See Figure 4 a1ld Table R7)

On a State-by-State basis, there were six jurisdictions in 1951 with median time serv-

lf1 Although the District of Columbia had the high­est median time served, the c0U11Jarison with other ,iurisdictions is spurious in that it is the only juris­diction which deals with an exclusively urban pop­ulation.

3 YRS. WIDER 4 YRS.

4 YRS. WIDER 5 YRS.

5 YRS. illIDER S' YRS.

9 YRS. ill/DER

15 YRS.

15 YRS. AND OVER

Source: Table R2

10,0

ed figures of 30 months or more-while, in 1960, there were only four (including Ha­waii, which was not reporting in 1951, and the District of Columbia). There were twenty-three jurisdictions in 1960 with high­er time served medians than in 1951, and twenty jurisdictions with lower medians. (See Ghart 19 and Table R7)

TIME SERVED BY YEAR·END POPU­LA TION BEFORE DECEMBER 31,1960

(See Table P3)

The national median time served figure f01' felony prisoners continuously confined at the end of 1960 was 16.7 months. Because of the lack of inter-jurisdi<Ctional compara­bility, no regional or State-by-State compar­isons are made in the text.

TIME SERVED AND AGE (See Table P9)

The age group, "19 years and under", re­corded the shortest median time served fig-

27

CHART 18 ITIME SERVED/

Source: Table R2

28

! •

.. f

1

J

FIGURE 4. -- TIME SERVED BY FELONY FIRST RELEASES FROM STATE PRISONS

(PERCENT CHANGE) 3-YEAR IllTERVALS 1951-1960)

+50 -,-------,------,------r-I

NUMBER OF FIRST .,./

+40 -\------1----- RELEASES\r i-.•....•.•.

.... ~ +30 ~-----~----~~~----~ ...........

..... .,,-/ +20 ~------~----~~.~~~---~~~

...........•..• ...-,,-'''-'

..•... -_._--;,' \ +10 -I _________ .* .. ~~'===.-::O:':- HUMBER SERVED -l-

....... ::;;:..... 5 YEARS OR MORE ""::.-:::....... I

1951 -~.:..----- -------t-------f-LEVEL MEIDIAN TIME AERVE ,D+

-10 ~ ______ ~I ______ ~~ ______ ~~

1951 1954 1957 Source: Table R7

ure among felony prisoners continuously confined at the end of 1960-8.7 months. The longest median time served was in the "65 years and over" age group. Only two age groups-"19 years and under", and "20 through 24 years"-had time served medians lower than the U. S. average of 16.7 months.

TIME SERVED AND OFFENSE (See Tables R3 andP5)

The offense group with the highest median time sel'ved among felony first releases was "Homicide", with 52.0 months. "Other Offen­ses", 14.1 months, and "Larceny (except Auto Theft)", 16.7 months, had the lowest time served medians. In the year-end con­tinuously confined population, "Homicide" had the highest median time served. (See Chart 21)

Chart 20 shows the median time served for the ten States with the lal'gest number of first l'eleases for each offense category.

TIME SERVED, OFFENSE, AND AGE (See Table PO)

'rime served, as would be expected in a census of prison population, generally in­creased with the ages of the prisoners con­tinuously confined at the end of 1960. The

highest median time served, by offense and age, was for prisoners "65 years and over" in the "Robbery" category-l05,O months.

TIME SERVED, AND TYPE AND LENGTH OF SENTENCE (Releases)

(See Table R4)

Generally, l'eleases with indeterminate sentences served longer than did releases with definite sentences. Felony first l'eleases with definite sentences served a median of 16.9 months, while those with indete1'minate sent.ences recorded a median of 23.4 months. Releases with definite sentences served about 40 percent of their term, while re­leases with indeterminate sentences served about 27 percent of the maximum.

Chart 22 contrasts the time served and sentence length medians for the ten States reporting the most felony first releases during 1960 having definite sentences, with the time served and sentence length medians for the ten States having the most felony first releases with indeterminate sentences. It illustrates the longer time served by the releases with indeterminate sentences) as well as the higher Pl'oportion of sentence length served by releases with definite sen­tences.

Chart 23 presents a comparison between median sentence Jength and median time served for the ten States with the highest median time served, as contrasted with a comparison between median sentence length and median time served for the ten States with the lowest median time served. rrhis demonstrates the lack of l'elationship, on an inter-jurisdictional level, between sentence length and time served.

Chart 24 compares time served and sen­tence length medians for the ten States with the highest median sentence length, and contrasts them with a comparison between time served and sentence length medians for the ten States having the lowest median sentence .length.

In all of the ten jurisdictions with the highest median sentence length, as well as in all of the ten jurisdictions with the high­est median time served figure, more than 90 percent of the felony ti1'st releases had in­determinate sentences. (See Figures 5 and 6)

29

AVERAGE TIME SERVED BY FELONY FIRST RELEASES MEDIAN TIME SERVED (IN MONTHS)

/iDA"

/2 12

25 S.DAK.

12

16

88 Unknown

o Under 12 months

o 12-/7 months

o 18-23 months

o 24-29 months

1951

o 30 months a over SOURCE: Tabla R7

C'")

:c ):10

::0 -I

--(0

I ):10

~~.-.~,......--,.,-.,-...... -.------.. -'------

AVERAGE TIME SERVED BY FELONY FIRST RELEASES, 1960 MEDIAN TiME SERVED (IN MONTHS)

o Unknown

o Under 12 months

D 12-17 months

IJlliill] 18-2:3 months

[J 24-29 months

~ :30 months e. over

Hawaii 32 []

SOURCE: Table R2

TIME SERVED BY OFFENSE FELONY FIRST RELEASES

1960

(For ea~h offense, tLe 10 States haVing the most releases \(hieh "ere serving for that offense are shown)

C'")

X :coo :::tJ --t N o I >

» .,),3

TIME SERVED

BY OFFENSE

FELONY FIRST RELEASES

1960

Auto Theft) OFFENSES

(For each offense J the 10 states having the most releasee which were serving for that offense are shown )

FORGERY,

'UN~IIII~~EMBEZZ~EMENT ~ FRAUD

Source: Tables Rl and R3

CO)

:::c » :::c -f N <:)

I tIC

CHART 21

[ TIME SERVED, BY OFFENSE

A. FELONY PRISONERS CONTIIlUOUSLY CONFIIIT:D ON DECEMBER 31, 1960

60

Source: Tables P4 &. P5

B. FELONY FIRST RELEASES: 1 960

Source: Tables Rl &. R3

Note: Comparisons between parts A and B should' be limited to comparisons between the relative order of tbe offense groups with respect 't.o,time served.

34

,""

III Time served IillIT Length of maximum sentence

10 STATES HAVING THE MOST RELEASES . WIT!fDEFINrr;E SENTENCES

II Time served ~ Length of sentence Source: Table R4

Hate: The time served and sentence length medians are only for the releases with the particuJ.ar type of sentence being illustrated - rather than for all releases.

SENTENCES

Source: Table R4

. '

TIME SERVED AND SENTENCE LENGTH

, '" f{@J" !,? Time Served

STATE

~ Time Served.

FELONY FIRST RElEASES 1960

A. FOR THE 10 STATES WITH Tr:E HIGEEST MEDIAN TIME SERVED

~ Length of Sentence

B. FOR THE 10 STATES WITH TIlE LO'!/EST MEDIAN TIME SERVED

MEDIAN ( IN MONTHS) 60 80 100 120 140

~ Length of Sentence Source: Table R4

,t .•

Source: Table R4

Note: Median sentence length is median of combination of maxi­tnllm of indeterminate and definite sentences.

.1~

~----- ----.-~-~ ---

A. FOR THE 10 STATES WITH THE HIGHEST 14EDIAN SElh'EllCE LENGTH C"') :c ::=­::0 -I

[ill! Time Served ~ ~ Length of Sentenr.e

B. FOR THE 10 STATES IHTII THE LOv/EST MEDIAl{ SENTENCE LEHGTiI

STATE NUMBER MEDIAN (II! MONTHS)

~ Time Served ~ Len3t.h of Sentence S?llrCe : Table R!i

Source: '£able R4

TIME SERVE-]) AND

SENTENCE LENGTH

FELO.NY FIRST RELEASES 1960

(Note: Median sentence length ~s

median of combination of maximum of indeterminate and definite sentences.)

FIGURE ,. -- PROPORTIONATE USE OF TI:E INDETERMINATE SENTENCE AHOHG FEtONY FIRST RELEASES rnm·j STATE PRISONS: 1960

(For the 10 States ;,ann:; the ldghest meil.ian time served fi:3Ure amon:; all felony first releases)

NlThIBER OF STATE FIRST RELBASES

DISTRICT OF COLUHBIA 645

HAl!1AII 99

PENNSYLVAnIA 1,477

ILLINOIS 2,418

111,\<1 YORK 3,911;

INDIANA 1,125

CALIFORNIA 1;,627

l'IEGT VIRGDUA 593

MINNESOTA 682

U'I.'AR 248

TIME SERVED, AND TYPE AND LENGTH OF SENTENCE

0

(Year-end Population) (See Table P8)

Felony prisoners who had been continu­ously confined in State prisons from time of admission to December 31, 1960, had, as of that date, served approximately 14 percent of their sentences. Prisoners with definite sentences had served almost 19 percent, and those with indeterminate sentences almost 12 percent of the maximum.

Pl'jsoners with definite sentences had served slightly longer than those with in­determinate sentences, due, principally, to the accumulation of prisoners having defi­nite LIFE sentences. The prisoners with definite sentences had a median time served figure of 17.3 months, while for those with indeterminate sentences the median was 16.4 months.

OTHER CHARACTERISTICS (See Tables AI, RI, and PI)

Data presented under this heading include statistics on birtll~~J?ce and on recidivism for the year-end feiurty population, on mari­tal status for both the felony court commit-

38

PERCENT 90 95 ..M.Q.

..

~ Source: rab1e R4

ments and the year-end felony population, and on method of l'elease for the felony first releases. Data on birthplace, recidivism, and marital status al'e presented with some reservation, for reasons which are discussed in the pertinent footnotes. Data on method of release do not present a clear picture of release methods, because conditional meth­ods of release other than parole have been grouped with all of the methods of u1lcondi­tional release and placed in the "Other" category.

BIRTHPLACE (See Table PI)

011 December 31, 1960, there were reported 1,483 foreign-born felony prisoners confined in State institutions for adult offenders (excluding California). This constituted less than one percent of the total felony prisoners confined, for whom the birthplace was l'epOl'ted.

MARITAL STATUS (See Tables Al ancl PI)

Among felony court commitments, 44.8 percent were single, 34.0 percent were mar­ried, 19.4 percent were divorced or sepa-

FIGURE 6. ~- PR(;~:(JR'1'IONATE USE OF THE INDETERMINATE SENTENCl.<] , AI~mIG FELONY FIRST RELEASES FROM STATE :PRISONS: 1960

(For the 10 States llaviu3 the hicllest median sentence lenzth am0111 all felony first releases)

STATE HUl.ffiER OF FIRST RELEASES 0

HA;'lAII 99

~ lTf,sHINGTOr; 1,310

UTAH 248

OHIO 3,979

l'lEST VIRGINIA 593

NEVADA 201

KANSAS 819

INDlANA 1}125

I~CHIGAN 3,574

COLORADO 1}050

rated, and 1.7 percent were widowed.20

Single prisoners comprised 46.6 percent of the felony prisoners confined at the end of 1960 in State institutions. Married pris­oners made up 32.3 percent, prisoners who were divorced or separated 18.6 percent, and widowed prisoners 2.5 percent of the year­end prison population.:n

RECIDIVISM DA TA (Prior Commitments) (See Table Pl)

According to the data received in the pop­ulation survey, 49 percent of the felony pris­oners confined in State institutions on De­cember 31, 1960, had one or more prior com­mitments to an adult felony institution.22

20 Among court commitments to Federal instit:1-tions during fiscal year 1960, about 39 percent were single, 39.5 percent were married, almost 20 percent were divorced or separated, and 1.5 percent were widowed.

21 Marital status was not reported by California or by Georgia for the year-end felony population. A word of caution is in order concerning the marital status data for the year-end popUlation-it is be­lieved that some States reported martial status at time of commitment rather than marital status as of December 31, 1960. Therefore, the data presented in Table P1 shOUld not be used as an index of the effact of confinement in prison on marital status.

PERCENT 90 95 100

m

I I I

, :,:1

METHODS OF RELEASE (See Table Rl)

Of the 65,201 felony first releases from State prisons in 1960, 59.9 percent were re­leased by parole.23 In the Northeast, 84.9 percent were paroled, as contrasted with 39.0 percent in the South. Comparing the data on method of release with the data on type of sentence in Table A2, it would ap­pear that parole is most common whel'e in­determinate sentences are used.

!!:l Four States reported little \)1' no data on prior commitments, and are therefore not included in the presentation-Florida, Georgia, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. It is questionable whether the remaining data provide a true picture of recidivism. It is be­liev/.'!d that some of the States may have reported as "prior commitments" only commitments to adult institutions within the reporting States. Also, the adequacy of the record-keeping and the extent of individual investigation into prisoners' histories varies from State-to-State and from institution-to­institution.

23 Of the 11,595 felony first releases from Federal institutions during fiscal year 1960, 3,791 (32.7 per­cent) were released by parole, 2,470 on,3 percent) were mandatory releases, and 5,334 (46.0 percent) were released by expiration of sentence. There were also 1,196 l'e-l'eleases, of whom 981 had sentences of 6 months or longer.

39

---------------

IV~ TABLES

•

1

.. 1

I

1

1

-I

1 i

• 1

: 1

(a) Court Commitments

..

~ubl. Al. -- CllAl1AC:L'ERISrICS OF PI1I501lEIlS RECEIVED FROM COtT.RT llY STA:L'E PRISONS: 1960

Felony priooner.o

Heeion Total. Sex Raco Marital statun (al nnd f.1e,Han

sta.te priGOnCrD Tota.l Divorced 11 'e received (ill years) Hale F.mal. White Ibn-whito Sitlele Narried or Wido""d

ceparated

Unitd Sta.ten '" 72,1';08 Gry,235 66,315 2,920 1,4,766 24$469 31,035 23,545 13,462 1,1)3 27.0

tbrtLeatt ................. 9,816 7,902 7,455 41>7 ~,O61 2,841 4,386 2,207 1,181 128 25.1

~bine .................. 495 443 428 15 440 3 265 121 52 5 23·1 New Hat:t")!zt.i"l'e ........... 8~ 83 8' - 83 - 33 36 12 2 26.6 Vcrrr.ont ................ 217 216 205 11 212 4 BS 78 50 - 28.0 l/.an13at'huoet.tn .......... 955 ,46 669 TT 611 135 401 243 9B 4 25.1· RJlode Iollmd ........... 104 77 74 3 (,7 10 43 25 5 I, 26.6 Conneetiwt ............ 675 621 5GS 53 4S8 133 376 129 107 ? 23·4

UeW' York, to ••• II •••••••• 5,186 4,203 3,972 231 2,297 l,906 2,407 1,133 %'9 64 25·0 l'cnnoylvnnia. ........... 2,101 1,5l: 1,456 57 863 630 773 442 258 40 26.3

lIorth Central ............. 181 544 18,108 171 383 725 12,331 5J m 8)023 5,853 3,918 311: 27.1,

Orda .... ~ ... , .......... 3,733 3,584 3,:'24 160 2,337 1,211'{ 1,466 1,212 839 67 28.1 Indiar.n .................. 1,396 1,395 1,358 37 1,107 2bb 602 471 296 2b 26.2 I111noit ............... 2,826 2,,826 2,690 130 1,488 1,338 1,268 904 583 71 26.8 1,l1ch1ean .... , .......... 5,700 3,681 3,539 142 2,,143 l,53B 1,715 949 961 53 29.0 Uicc~nc1n ........ / •••••• 1,:15 1,085 1,016 6~ !).JG 199 1,60 351 261 13 26·9

l·l1nnecota .............. 633 633 Gl3 20 535 98 315 178 132 8 25·2 Iowa •...••.•.•.•.•.• , .. 645 il,4 ,83 4i.t 75d 7(, 2:<5 313 206 20 28.1, /'!iosouri ........ " ...... 1,841 1,8.39 1,[92 47 1) 330 ,0) 97~ 6)3 157 13 26·3 U:'):rth Dat JUt. ............ 134 132 12) 3 100 24 53 48 31 - 29·1 SoUU, na;»ta. ........... 3G3 363 351 12 21;6 117 163 1211 69 7 27.6 l:cbra..nl:.a ................ 767 757 731 26 604 15: 27" 2i,0 222 16 27.8 Y.n.ncna ................. ,,55 ~rrSj ~j46 :'3 1£'1 1?0 ~28 370 161 20 25.2

Urmtll ........... -.......... 32,279 51,409 30,15G 1,2;: 1'(,8,7 13,572 14,445 11,556 4,865 543 26.8

Delawaro .·f ...... ·· .. ·. 244 lee 184 " )5 n 120 56 8 2 21,.6 1,nr'J.lnn.,J ............... ll,36) 5,675 0,50) 1(,6 1,1~57 2,218 1,&13 81,1 964 57 25·9 Di"tl'lct of' Columbia. .,. 57il 510 540 0,0 )3 472 317 246 7 - 28.7 Virginia ............... l.,894 l,Ei83 l,el1 72 900 )C'_ 919 546 358 Co 26.4 ~-J

Heat Vl:rcinln .......... 511 510 4~4 16 443 ('7 273 181 4'( 9 28.2 lbrttl r.urolir:n ...•..•.. 2,7')) 2,6£17 2,553 1,4 1,444 1,243 1,:~~ 850 414 69 25·6 south Cllr')).1na ......... <>03 1m elO 83 010 253 .)~,.~ 372 128 29 28.2 Ge?rllin 11 ••••• ~ ••••••••• 2,524 2,518 2,*39 79 1,235 1,283 1,326 1,022 157 13 25·4 Florida. .•••.. , .•. I •• 0. •• 3,056 3,044 2,88) l55 1,704 1,340 ~,261 1,038 693 52 27·3

lv~ntuct:l ................ 1,193 1,78) 1,752 37 1,452 337 791 7(2 2n) 27 21·2 Tcnnc{Wf'c , ..... , ....... 1,214 1}291 1,254 37 875 416 502 60B 141 40 27·5 Alabama ................ 2,357 2,34; 2,256 87 1,H7 1,1"6 1,086 904 302 51 26·9 Hio",ico1:p:p1 ......... ; .. ~56 854 820 34 330 521. 360 431 46 9 27·1

ArkancQ.ct ......... ; ..... ?9fJ 981 944 37 597 3B4 396 333 229 23 26.7 wl,.j!rlann ............ ,. 1,649 1,61,9 1,602 47 666 983 736 692 191, 21 26·3 OltlaJ1Jll1.!l •••••••• 11." •• 1.,511 1,504 1,1'58 46 1,131 373 905 1'94 )8 ( 27·5 Tc; .... an .................. 5,,0113 5,0;2 4,641 191 3,573 1,1'59 1,958 2,138 865 68 27.4

~1oo+' . , .................. ~ . 11l)6:J 11,1)16 11,32! "95 9,537 2,279 J.,101 3,929 3,1'98 208 28·3

ltJnta.ne. ................ "25 425 418 7 35G 67 189 12~ 99 12 31·3 Idnl.o .................. 215 271, 266 8 249 25 101 76 iJe 9 27·7 \,ynmlne ................ 235 235 2,2 3 217 18 86 92 55 2 32,0 C;)l::));a,l:,) .. ~ ............... 1,,1~J3 1,104 1,083 21 97? 132 499 346 249 10 25·1 lIe\( }kmico .............. 495 49, 475 18 h39 54 216 17" 96 7 25., At-lz:Jnll ., ........................... 816 813 780 3\ [31 182 31'7 32" 151, 18 27,7 Utah ........ ~ ..... , ............. 268 268 262 (, 211t, 22 110 102 51 5 29·7 llewda ...•............. 222 221 a), 'f 181 "0 79 100 "1 1 28.6

,/asllington ............. ~J87 1)40 90e 3" 768 172 421 209 295 15 27·2 O,'ellon ................. 891 891 C63 28 811 80 320 325 238. 8 27.8 Califol'nirl .............. 6,028 6,018 5,691 321 1,,6:7 1,381 1,761 2,022 2,118 117 29·2 Haunt! ........ ~ ........... ~ 134 134 129 5 ~8 106 82 34 14 1, 25·3

40

Reg1'ln ana

State

'raQle Ai. -- CltARAC'l'::EJU[;TICS OF FRISOllEro RECEIVED mo."'! COtl'Rr BY STAn: FRISDrlS:- 1960 - C:)ntinucd

(Excludec Alaolm. and X;e\l JCTtiey)

Offense

:Inrccmy, except nuto t1:eft

.En:.bozzlc-Auto .roent, Sex tl:eft frnud. and offencea

forcer,}-"

/!rug lll'llo

UniteJi State~... 31:;:,(1 7,~14 3,8?O 17,224 ~I,203 3,34.2: lC .. 2:ll, 3,c35 2,927 ,,56) 31"5 71.3 20.~ ;.,..:'1'3-

N~l~a~ ••••••••••• ~ •••• ~====4=~=~==1=.=5W===~===E=~==!==1=.=B=23=!==1=,m==)=~====m=3=~~==='=1=B=!===b=~=4=~~===~=3=~~==5=E=)==:==~=·=~=·=~==C=3='(==~~==2=O=.)==~=1~.=1=V=,===~ }!aine ....... ~ •••••••••• ~ II,,\( Jta.r;pch1i'c •••••••••• Vcr;,;Jtlt •••• 4 •••••••••••

l>~!lcac);utletto ••••••••• ~ 1lli:;;de I::!land •••••••••• , Connecticut .,. I ••••••••

!;e'W' York ............... . :J;Iennflyl'lr'ania. •••••••••••

1 15 ,9 l33 12 26 51:;~ 50 43· 3 18.2 4 tl 5 ~j. 6 2 'J 10 5 ::7.5: 24. ~ 1 5 2G 41 25 15 32 EO 49 10., 30.5 11>,0

3D 168 1,0 l84 Go 41 31 103 13 76 7l.0 "".2 .'2.~ 2 10 6 35 2 4 5 4 0 28.2

2.:, 4", EY :?~1 4'> If1 50 Bti 19' iJlt is.a

257 7)3 488 66, 78'1 W; 165 21() J50 2~~ 6~.1 93 261. 5.:; ,21 l)~ ;;2 1'6 1.90 67 v,", r.:rrn GSl .. 5

1 209 27 5.

ll.;lrth Centtnl ••••••••••.• 'j-__ 70_3+_2~._2B_'1_j-_~_1_C -I __ 4,_:I_G_l+-_2~,_09~"_1-1...:._~_9·_J +_3:....0_0_G-I_~~._' >7_5_I-_G_06_1-~:...,4_75_-I-__ 3~_' ,_b_l-l_O_7_.2_+_2_0_.'_i -+ __ 4..:3_1}_-I

15l 460 119 1,051 31.1. ji.) 5:1:> lul~ 9D ';05 LIFE 22r;·3 1.8.9 OhiO .................. . Indiana •••••••••••••••• Illin'.>itJ ••• 0 ••••• I •••••

.Hichi{7lrl ••••••••• j •• , ••

f11nconoin ••••••••••••••

J.ti.tlneBota •••••••••••••• IoY'S. ••• , 0.' .~ •••••••• ,. l·li.cnouri.. •••• " •••••••••• ll~rth Dal'.ota ••••••••••• So'Uth Dakota ........... . I:ebraoka. •••••••••••••• , Kanona •••••••••••• f ••••

South •••••••••••••••••••••

I::J<Jl.awre ••••••••••••••• !!nryland ••••••••••••••• D10trict of Columbia .,. Virginia. ••••••••••••••• lfent Virg1nin ........ .. north Ca.ro~ ••••••••• South Carolina. ••••••••• Georgia ............... ". Florida ............... .

Kentucky ••••••••••••••• Tenncnoee •••••••••••••• AlabD..mll ~ ••••••••••••• ,. Ntseios1'PrU .0 ••••• * •••• Arl~ncat: ••••••••••••••• to\l1c.iana. ,.. ~ •••••• ~ •• " • Oltlnhoma. ............... . TeX£l.O ••••••••• 0" '" •••

5C 10'<? 56 46.4 ~';:8 ~~; 214 85 2 l81 ];1;.9 10j·'r f;lI.2 1)3 'j50 50 'T'jO 10.. 1;') 21~ ~'f2 329 ;:;;l~ nO.7 (~!'{·3 23·;)

1~; 3*i It; f~ i~~ 23~ ~f~ ~l£ ~~ f~ ~ 69·7 2,.2

20 284 93

169 40

le5 35

247 360

12 514 46

2{,~

~5

l.fi ~?l 246

U g,:~ 53

en 86

2i.7 125

52 353

65 169 68 502 ,52 107 116 142 348 ;U 150 119 91 n8 56~ 108 59 45 2'0 162

TO 2~ 72 11 l:i 21

1,257

1'.,5

~~ 1 18

ll:' ;;7 ]~

1:;4

o 2't

10 5

II 1

32, 5l

70·1 ,.& ')2.b \7.1 2.8.6 f;2.t). 2~.u ~3·5 3)1:'

225.0 12>~",

22.3 :!~.) 2~.~ 2\~4 52~;' I,Cl.t.

l~,1~2 laS.a 2t'·h 01.2 2?6 51.D 6".3 35.;1 60.2

1·;0 HIll, 1:0 mIl.

1:0 ).JIl!. ,t6.S,

;,J.&

74 19 24 345 204 1 174 3u i ,., jC •• ' 1'{ 120 183 93 645 216 14 144 56 'l, ~() 46.-r

38 95 3S1 494 323 1) 354 51. 13 fa ;lld, 7 216 ~oe 115 1.7ll 784 70 9T:l ?l7 ",J 1"" ;.2,1 .j: .• ,: 2':'.5 • 11

lieat •••••••••••••••••••••• I-__ li~22=-i'--1:..._2G..:l_I-_4::36_-I-_2.:..:..5_54-+_~.:.,O.:.5..:3-1_.....:.51_4-1_2...:.~9..:31'---I-_b_2~:.1-1_1:..1...:15~3-1 __ 7_(,~7_f-_b.:.·';_._"-l_1.:.'_2_.=_· -1,-_1_1_,'_' + __ 1.:.5~::"_-I }.Iontana. .,. o •• ~ •••••••••

Id8.110 of ................ .

W;,"Ollling •••••••••••••••• C~l::>:rado ••••••••••••••• Ne'W" }texico '" I •••••••••

Ar1r.ona •••• ,. ........... .

16 l1 8 5 9 10

20 138 33 1,2 24 42

8 94 50 20 168 "2 2 It 39., 7 B4 1.2 E3 28 1 16 72.0 4 35 211 1.. 113 8 1. It:

33 291 100 ~9 ::73 55 4') tlG 22 :15 53 oJ 1'9 13 20 '1 fif 1£7 14 11 '15 41 ;7 lo;

Utab .................. . 10 24 llcva.da ••••••••••••••••• 10 36

12 6& 20 '?B 17 , 12 7 71 29 40!' 1 12

,~.'! :~',J L-6.2 5:+·4

l~O. '.' Ll.~· 141~.5

War;h!ngton •••••••• 0 ••••

OI'egon ••••••••••••••••• California ••••••••••••• Haw!l •••••••••••••••••

27 76 20 58

240 B03 5 10

1,0 247 201 104 144 I5J. 7 31, 220 103 44 264 37 12

197 l,159 353 264 1.279 2'40 1.001 5 53 4 21 22 3

(11) Inclu~PG niof1cl'leananto, j1uvenUeLl, Ilui J!rioone~l1 l'eceived fron -c;::nuot tilth 1t.Go;'.ir.1w c:'ntcnct: or tinder ~~~·ntcn~c ',Jf '(leath. (l:I) J.tedians n:)t shown vhere number of c::anctJ is .lean than 12. l.fciiano arc in ~

41

32.9 1:0 ~!Ilr,

lO.j?: 1:0 NIN.

47

10

Rcgion and

State

Total fdOIlY

prisoners :received

Tnble A2. -- TYPE /Urn IEliGTilOF OENTENCE OF FELONY FRISOllER3 .RECEIVED FROH CGum BY STATE PRIsorl3: 1960

(fxcluden Alankn. and lIe .... Jerncy)

Length of definite flentence Ibngtb of zraximu:n ~r in1eterminnte cel1tence

~~C~i 6 ltOnthQ 2 yearo Total prilJonera under '\.Inder

received 2 yeUJ:'B 5 yearn

5 yearn 1.0 Yeara under under

10 yearo 2;0 yeara

20 yearc nnd

Perc~nt of all

Total. pric;)nern received

6 montho 2 yelU"C-under under

2 yearn 5 year!:

5 yearr: 10 yearn 20 years under under and

10 yearG ~O yearn over LIFE

United Stat.. •• 69,235 26,871 38.8 3J992 1,7110 780 820 111..8 ~~,jv. 6l.;? 1,620 10,)66 12,454 1l,883 3,690 1,751

Nor.t •• aot ................. 1-..:7.::,9:..0_2-l11-_1..:9.:.91-_2..:.5~H-_5:.:5_1---'3:..61-1-__ ',_6+ __ -I ___ +_60_+_.:.71=-• .::1_+..:1,:,'7.:.0.::3+--,').:.·r..:.5-1j--,-1~_'\-I1-2.:.,.:.9._"-I--,3::.,4_0..:7-1_..:12=~-I_..:2=24_+-_..:67:...j1-_7::3.:..1'---I J.la1ne •••••••••••••••••• Ilel( Jlampabire •••••••••• Vermont •.•.••..•.•.••.. Massacbusetts •••••••••• Rhode Island •...•...•.. Connecticut ............ .

He", York .•........•••.. Pennsylvania •••••••••.•

443 0.2 442 ,)}.8 357 '.a 25 12 46.3

,;;,g 24 11.1 19 2 17.1, 1~~ l~g:~ ir t~, ~~ ~ i ~~:6 746 44 5.9 26 16 110.8 702 9".1 1,2 455 60 15 83.6 TI TI 100·0 34 29 12 2?6

621 16 2.6 4 8 90.0 605 97.4 25:' 286 41 1Q 68.9

4,203 9 0.2 9 4,194 '99.8 35 l,S)? 1,916 "J1] 112 55 75.8 1,513 28 1·9 26 LIFE 1,48, 98.1 13 476 641 i?B 70 12 83.7

Uorth Central. ••••••••.•••• t-l_8_,1_08_1t-_".:.' 4_0_5j-_2_4_.3_H-_79_2_t-2:.:.,_35_7--it-_6:.:.'_2+_2_7_8-1_1.;.56_-I_1 __ 70_+_..;45;...;.,_+1..:3:.:., 7O,-,,3+-..:7.:.5 . ..:7-1j-...:.31_'-I1-2.:.," __ 4.:.5-1--,,3'::'!!:.;7.:.9-1_4:..,4..:.5_6-t-___ 2,,-O.:.73=--t-_.:.31--i1-._11..:.5_.6_-i

3,584 69 1.9 69 LIFE 3,515 93.1 2'1 447 548 998 1,4)3 206.2 Cbio •••.••.••..•...•... Indiana ••.••.•.....•... lllinois .....•......••• Michigan .•••..•...• , ... Wit:consin ••••••••••.. ,.

~:~~~ ~~~ ~:l 5~ ~ 3~ ~i J ~~ i~~:~ ~;;~~ ~:, 105 ,~ ~~~ ;i~ ~ 26 ~b:~ 3,681 21 0.6 21 LIFE 3,660 99.4 1,112 913 1,456 178 1 107.2

Minneaot.a. ••••••.••••••• 10'018. •••••• t ••••••••••••

J.'J.ssour! ...•. 1-'" ••••••

lbrtb Dakota .......•.•• Soutb Da¥.ota ........... . nebraska •.•••••.•••.••. Kansas •••••.••..••.••..

South ....•.•.•.•••...••..•

Dela"'8.re •• , •••••••••••• J.la.ryland ••.•••••••.•••• Dintrict of Columbia ... Virginia .••...•...•..•. 'West Virginia .......... . NOrth Carolina ........ .. South Carolina ........ . Georgia ....••.••.•..... Florida ................ · .. .

Kentucky" ••• , ........... . Tennesoee .............. . Alab8l!:8 ................ . Hinsissippl ••••.••••••.

Arl".ansao " ............. . IDuislana .......•••.... Oklahorra .............. .. Texas ••••••••••••••••••

1,085 1,065 100.0 286 581 15" 31 26 5 19.?

633 1 0.2 834 14 1.7 12 2

1,839 1,839 100.0 1,349 132 52 39.4 22 19 363 361 99.4 183 143 757 546 72.1 215 232 979 39 4.0 1 1

31,409 21,473 68.4 6,491 9,444

354 7

24 81 1

3,102

90 4 8

11 22

1,323

166 186 100.0 104 58 20 2

30

2 2 7

605

3'~~6 2,6~ r;:~ 1,5~~ 7'1 ~g 10~ 35

1'~5 l'~I l~:g 365 69~ 3~ 1~ 10~ 2,661 999 37.2 551 274 66 32 26

893 893 100.0 457 243 III 52 14 2,518 923 36.1 127 361 212 71 56 3,044 2,248 73.9 613 955 356 161 98

1,r89 1,789 100.0 011 816 200 72 32

~;~~ 2,m 1~:~ ~ri §~ 3~ 1~ l~i 654 854 100.0 171 402 165 59 17

16

1 5 7

502

2 22

26 17 50 16 74 63

58 17 30 40

~2,1 21.2 '3·0, ~1.2< <

206.0 22., ~~:~. i!;.~

981 960 99.9 214 510 151 74 25 6 43.5

i;~~ i;~~ i~:g ~, X~ ~6~ 1~~ ~~ i1 lU

997 "82

27·1 84.6

88.0 62.8

0.1

12 154

16 3

734

517 65

By

52

372 246

129

1

351 243

29

25 28"

3,224

161

146 J13

7 1 3

485

1,6::7

25 47

,80 281

311 105

110

488

14 115

87 36

32

44

7

5,032 1,522 30.2 99 1,198 166 25 2 32 43., 3,510 69.8 1,695 1,184 :,93 195 35

57·5

43.3 <

151.7

67.7

23·4 49·8

173·5 81.8

84.C 60.7

62.6

166.2 West ...................... 11,810 794 6.7 96 260 192 117 19 86 72.2 11,022 93.3 439 1,354 1,544 4,(;71 905 1,609 1-~4-25--~--4-25~-1-00-.-D-~~~8-9~1--2-1~4~-----76~----TI--+--12~--+---1--+---4:"4-.8---+--~-4--~~~-----+--~--+------+--'----j-~~+-----I--------i

J.bnt8.na •••••••••••••••• Idaho ................ .. Wyoming •••••••••••••••• Colorado ................ . NeW' Mexico .............. . Ariz.ona .••.•.. ,., .•• ,., Utah .................... . Uevada •••••••••. ~ ••••••

Washington ............. . Oregon .................. . Cali.fornia .............. . Hawi! ................. .

274 264 96.4 1 43 :l07 101 7 5 log. 3 23520.91 :l

1,t~j 1~ g:~ 1 ~ 813 2 0.2 2 268 :; 1.? 2 221 20 9.0 9 2

940 891

6,016 134

1.0

10 2:>3

1,094 489 811 2€J 201

940 891

5,956 134

3·6 99·1 99·1 99·2 99·8 981 91.0

100.0 100.0 99·P

100.0

214

1 100 236 120 376 10 11

478 19

1

4 29

349 187

.262 83 53

19 11,6 688 24

Note: 1I.ediann vl11 differ from those shown on Ta,blec Al end A3 becauoe of dl!'ference 1n nenteoce lengtn groupings lloed. to obtain the mediami. 'll.~s ... in Tablen A1 and A3 are more (a) ~~~~te~o~~~~~h:~~~u:~:~/~~s~iss1:G~ft:~~:ng them with the medians in Tables 115 and P2, vh1eh ""ere tlbtained from similarly-grouped sentence lengtl'!h

(b) ~!cd1an Is higher than 2~O month6.

587 33

3,415 40

7 31 43 18 97 3

320 8

31, 65

13

" 1 C8 12

14 12

1,521 4

,-

L:.

r

Tfl'ble: A3.- .. 'l'YPE A:iD WlQTil OF :Er;m:cEj OF FELO;rt PRISO:tERS RECEIVED FRo."i COURr 13'! CUTE PRI6C:{:3: 1960

(EXl!ltw,Q:;J Alacka and liew J'erct>y)

Leur,th of acfin! te or ~ of' indeterminate cet.tent"e

R('Cion oni .~tutc, tY1!' 6 moc. 1 yr. 2 yrn. 3 yra. 4 y:ro. :;iYt"11. Gyro, 10 yro, 1.1 yr-o. 15 Yl'n. 20 yr£l. !)l' Gtnt(!~.cc an·1 len ·U. Total.

of r.ilnir;rum un'jel' willer under under under under under tmd.er under untIer und.er 1 year ~ ;,.1'0. 3 yro. 4 Y1'o, 5 yrn. 6 yr •• 10 yro. 11 yra. 15 yro. 20 yrG, 30 yra.

UnltN i~ttitco • ~ ••••••••••• I ••• 6,,235 1,317 7J74;i 10,168 9,387 3,508 11,659 4,767 6,560 2,632 4,431 3,643

D~fin1tC' ................... 26,871 1,11)2 t!,25D 6,848 4,003 1,246 2,510 1,422 952 330 4)8 551 rn~('tci'm1nnte ••••••••••••• ~ 42,364 12'0° l.·.4:.tS 3,320 7,384 2,262 9,oe9 3,365 ,,€os 2 .. 302 3,973 3,09~

He minimum •••••••••••••• '[,21.6 96 963 1,084 167 2,252 433 618 76 130 :)2B 1 Jety, unler 6 ZIlll~ .• ..... 13; 2l " 10 6 10 10 3 1 1 - -(. t!i.oa'j Wldcr 1 yr. ..... 5,355 8 143 265 316 64 904 77 1,178 1,304 1,051 37 1 yr" 1,lrller 2 yrs. ..... 11,B56 - 445 1,968 2,~18 545 1,793 598 1,~~ 122 1,190 1,322 2 yra" under 3 yro. .... 8,6~3 - - 106 1,749 1,303 2,767 728 322 486 433 3- ),ro' J uncleI' 5 :lrD. ..... 3,5SB - - - 11 173 1,343 925 406 118 363 1..-"'/ 5 :,'1'(1" un.ier 6 yro. .... 3,123 - - - - - 20 469 921 76 307 1$ !J ;lrG., un,ler 10 yro. ... 1,071+ - - - - - - !.32 385 lG5 225 132 lO yrG., unler 20 yrG. .. 1,195 - - - - - - - 42 116 213 617 JO yro., nnll over ....... 199 - - - - - - - - - - 30

::orthl.'!!lc" ..................... 7,)02 43 140 8:;2 1,681 471 ,:°,599 854 596 122 213 165

Definite- .... " ............... 1~0 18 37 1'· 18 3 36 10 1 1 -InJclclWIY .............. 7J'ro~ ~5 ).03 81 , 1,c1}3 468 2,563 644 596 121 212 165

:io mln11!lWll •••• 1 ••••••••• ?,3.~:} 3 3 11;. 613 2 1,395 184 17 6 1 11 1 dny~ unJ.er 6 IT.:JO. ..... b3 l~ r : - 1 2 3 - - - -t: r.:.03., un:!er 1 ~·r. ..... 15~ ; 40 1': 93 2 2 - - - - -1 yr., under;} yrD. ..... 1,615 - S3 (!4- 'i19 54 151 31 17 1 - 1 2 yr~., un-Icr 3 yr;;, ... , 1,)4:; - - ':37 379 781 83 59 2 1 .' 3 ~·r;:;., un],Cl' 5 -;1'0. .... 1,6 - 1 30 230 366 77 19 9

1~ :, yre' l under L yt'O. .... 564 - - - - 2 135 356 11. 43 t; yrz., u."ldcr 10 yt'n. '" 290 - - - - 22 70 50 121 18 10 yr5' J un:iE.'r 20 ~rD. 214 - - - - - - - 23 37 219 .:\) yti:., ani over t •••••• )~' - - - - - - - - - 2

r;!,'lrtr~ CI?:-;t~1 .......... ~. , .. '. 18,108 3~ l/:: .... - "If 1,74 ( 1,010 3,~~7 1,304 2,206 566 1,962 1,909

DeflJdt(,! •• , ••••••••••••••• ~ 4J 405 26 "(i'o -,: .. ' 1;,;47 .254 442 210 134 54 90 91 InJC't.f'l"ItiE.ote ........... ~ .. 13,703 (. :'1; j, .~ 1,100 75( 2,CaS 1,094 2,072 512 1,87;~ 1,818

:10 rl1nir.ill:l •• , •••••• ~ •• ,o. 1)')34 .; l'/O )0 4 504 1>0 4;0 a 32 53 1 "<)..J, ut.l(;>r 6 r:on. ..... 41 1

12~ <; 9 6 - 1 1 - -

t~, 1".0::., urdcr 1 yr. ..... 114 - . 32 28 1 5 1 4 -1 'Jr.j u. .. ler 2 :trOt ..... 7,193 :;23 391 1,257 538 76;) 8.'2 1.,002 1~152 2 :lr!;., ur.,!er 3 yrD. .... 2,'<43 - 19 271 873 1.96 ~3~ 250 E~$ 132 3 ,:,·ro.j unjer 5 yrG ••• u 962 - 1 43 ,~10 171 193 71 211 40 :, yrs. j unlcr 6 yr!}. ~ ••• 681 - - - 5 34 335 3" 159 62 (, yrn., utller 10 YTG •••• ~.?O - - - " 31 32 53 45 10 yr£>., unlcr ':0 yrs. ., 498 - - - - - - 36 33 3B 333 20 yr:.., ao.! ()ver ••••••• 47 - - - - - - - - 1

~o

.:;)",t.J ...... ~ ................... 31,409 1,219 6,Ol~ 6J3Q~ ~ llB6 1,769 4,001 2,265 1,83~ 452 6£6 ;90

Ddin!t(~ .............. , ~ ... 21,413 1,146 5;351 l:J,201 3,2·'9 95:· 1,941 1,161 'l59 233 331 445 Irlu.·t~ntl1tjo.tc ••••••••••••• , 9,936 73 661 10.047 l,?'57 [1', 2,120 1,104 1,Cn 219 335 345

1 • .) rnlnlr.'::.1l:l. •••••• ~ ••••••• 1,563 72 454 551 1~1 102 78 61 .::: .. ?l 19 8 1 :''lY, ur.1l'r tI 11'.0;). ..... e~ 1 2B - 1 - - -6 :".46., UJI-ler 1 yr. ..... - 97 19:" 177 <c 222 ;:9 68 3 34 ,,5 1 yr., u.'1!cr 2 yra. ..... 1,327 - B2 2Jo 312 71 203 9 293 1 14 " 2" yrfJ., 'm:£:r 3 ytr:.. .... 3,616 - - 19 1,243 s4 941 4:::0 ':;6 49 3& 59 3 :yr:l., -.c..let' 5 :;ro. .... 1,12:4 - - 3 (0 676 271 74 23 B :l ? yr.;., Ul1.dt,.r -6 :It-n. .... €09 - - - - Z9l 1.7'1 25 14 54 6 yr,;., ur.1 .... r 10 yr~. ... 3j4 - - - 03 ;;.'00 56 32 21 In ~'!":.;., unller <~o :;re. )04 - - - - . - 1 39 UG 135 26 :;r':., and ',)'!er ••••••• 71 - - - - - - - - 22

West •• + ................ , ........ :..1,816 23 51of. 583 713 -~J8 1~612 364 1,926 1,492 1,:;90 719

Dt:'flr.lte ................... 794 2 96 116 ).09 35 151 41 59 42 36 15 It I ,l.1:tt'mlnate .............. ll.,022 21 418 467 664 223 1152l. 323 1,867 1,450 1,554 764

~;o r.lnil'!1tlllJ. •••••• _t •••••• 1,760 16 2:)5 ~22 ~20 5' 275 36 327 41 86 156 1 ,~:lYJ unlet' 6 l!'.o&. ..... 1 - - 1 - - - . -b tllO:l., tlT"'lcr 1 yr. ..... 4,188 ; 5 2~e

44 2 6;2 47 1,195 1.,300 1,013 2 l ',fr., under 2 :lrO. ..... 1,061 - 188 2{)4 ~~ 182 20 1~ 3ti 94 167 2 yrs'j ,uUer 3 )Tlh ..... 1~O19 - - 27 190 ') 172 29 79 21 154 242 3 yr .•• , un.ler 5 yra. .... 7J.6 - - - 6 '0 22{ 91 62 5 :'35 78 :: ~tro.., under 6 yr!:i. .. ' .. 1}269 - - - - - 13 69 53 3 9l 36 c yrc' l un'il'r ~O yr:l. ... 200 - - - - - 23 lJl; 19 19 48 10 yr:J., :.u:J.er ... '0 )TD. 17;1 - - - - - - - 5 ~3 22 30 20 ;,ro., Qftll over ••••••• 29 - - . - - - - - - 5

(oj t·!c.l.i;.l!. u",t ; j,r."lll ,[;I('t;" ~'..w;t".(>l' 01' ~'lre;r 1" le::: t::;m 1<;. {t l·tC',dnn IG 1-11 :.lCl' tl!'J~ ,ruO rr.cntho.

43

i;

Nclinn 30 yrfl, 50 yra. (In IttOntbn) un:1er ana LIFE (a)

50 ),ro. Qver

no 257 2,571 62.(;

168 61 b20 34.5 402 196 1,751 71.3 17 ;8 '.4 o2.1~ - 30 31,7

1 - 7 329.2 3 21 380 65.0

74 27 22 65.0 25 11 56 85.1 73 17 ~JC74 191~.8 28 7 - '131.8 90 13 102 283,7 91 42 36 543.3

51 8 121 63.6

- - 60 62.8 ;1 B 67 63.6 - - 3 63.6 - - 30 96.0 - - - 35.5 - - " 38.3 1 - - 62.4 4 - - 86.5 - - - 124.9 3 - - 177.4

27 8 251.4 16 a 26 LIFE

244 76 20J. 69.9

35 30 170 35.6 209 46 9l 107.2

6 1 2 70.5 - - - 44.4 - - - ,,·3 3 - 12 77.5

57 1 1 71.2 1G 6 - 123·1) l~'{ 2 3 130.0 19 6 - :11.7 40 11 7 291.~ 21 19 6 (b)

225 76 546 4]'.0

1"1 29 ;02 33.7 94 !'9 44 62.3

3 3 6 29.6 - - 18.0 1 - 7 46.5 - - - "5,7

12 25 20 59.8 - - - 68,9 <5 14 9 125,0 - - - 126.8 10 1 a 237.9 43 6 - 435.3

,0 95 1,697 130.7

2 2 86 63.1 48 93 1,009 132.2 8 54 j~ 66.0 - - - -- - 140.2 - 2l 368 120.8 4 1 1 107.5 5 5 56 114.1 1 1 1,062- LIlI!: 6 1 - 131.0

13 1 B~ ~m.4 11 9 567.3

Table 113.-... rns MID WHiT1t OF CEriTE.'iCE OF FEto!r.t PRIr:-OllERn REC£IVED mOM CQURr BY" vTATE PRIfl:m.3: 1960 ... (continued)

(tx.:-1cleo Aluoka ana !Ie\( Jerocy)

Regton 11J1.1 3tnte, tyr-c ot oentertce and length

ot min1X!1U"' ToW 6 t'.oo. 1 yr.

unj~.r mlJer 1 yenT ~ :,'1'D.

LenGth of uefinite or maximum of' 1ndetermJ.na.te £lcnter_.:e

2 yro. 3 yrn. 4 yrtJ. "yro. 6 :fTO. 10 yrD. 11 yra. 15 yra. 20 yra. under un'jeT unJer unJer unler under under unler under 3:;ro. 4 yr.. 5 yr.. 6 yr.. 10 yr.. 11 yr.. 15 yr.. 20 yr.. 30 yr •.

30 yro. un,jer ~Q yre.

SO yrEh anel LIFE

O'/("r

Helin!} in montho,

(a)

Alabt1M ....................... I-.;,:,~3;.1.3~11-__ 1-7~471~1-_490::..+_3::e~9-l-:1-:-09=--I-.:1:;;83=--I-..:1::3;:8-l_--=9B::--I-_"::;09=-t_--=3:::.5+_.:.57!....--t---=3::1.-lr-::.10::....-t-'3::.:0-+-,3::,:4;.:.5=--1 ~rlnlte ........... ~I...... 2,343 {41 "90 389 109 183 138 98 ~9 35 57 34 10 30 -:4.5

Art;:.n ...................... "1-_8_13_. -{l. __ -l-_H.:.3-!f-_11_6_1-1_6.:.3-1 __ 97_-I-_10:...2_+---=7.:.0-l __ 48_+-_1..,:3=-t_.....:10-=-1--=-14_+-_'::"-+_=--+_-=-t-",5:.::3;.:>5:..· ---j "('finite ••• ~ •••••••• ~...... e Inlctem!n.to .... > .. .. • .... 811

1 83 116 163 97 192 70 48 13 10 14 1 53.4

I) moO., Wl,Jer 1 yr. 'Ho' 1 1 yr., UI):lcr 2 yra. ••••• 226 (:)2 102 ~:9 ~ 9 ~ 27.6 ;J yre., 'Un'l!'!r j yrtl~ •••• ~:8~ 14 l31+ ~~ 14312 20 4. 46.5 3 yrz., u,"lc1f'r? :lrD. .... 1 j. -7 4 65.8 S :rrD., uIl'lf'r tl y'r'o. .... 48 10 35 3 91.2 (i yrn. t un'lcr If) yre. '" 55 13 31t 6 125.1 10 yrG., u!l'lt.~r 20 :.'ra. •• .28 1 7 12 225.0 ',0 yrn., 1Ul.l e.er .... ". 7 2 1

Arkanr:a.o .•••••.• ~. ~. ~ ......... '1-_'i-:-Bl_It-_·'_t-C_~O_7~1-_"'-:~U-:· -+_f:_" . ..;·'-I,---:46_+-_Q_. 4_+-.....;.5,;.7-1 __ 4..:3-1-__ 12-1 __ 1.:.9+_,;.25=--+-__ I-__ t---...:6-;._3::;8;.;,.0"---I

')1)0 201 ~~3B 226 46 :14 57 1.3 12 19 25 6 36.0 r.1~r1n1to ••••••• ~., ••••• , .... lr,'lC'te.rm1n!ltc .0 •• to ••••••••

:;:) wn1!t.lj:'J •••••••••••••• 1 l 1

:.:allfurt.1n •••••• t .............. !-b..;·,..;O_18_H-__ 1-_--'r-_1_2_1-_ _1,--t-<-1,1-+--4-i_1r-1.:.,1.:.:0-4-j--l-,._300_+_1.:..0_11_1-_2_47'--t-_-,-+-,-6.:..4_fl":"'.:.:B.;:3-j-,::1:c7c;6,::.2_--1

Oeftn1tf' •••••••••• ~.".~ •• ,.. !nJ{'tfH'min:l~e .............. .

'[1,/ mintm.tJm •••••••••••••• (; m!l., ur.Jcr 1 yr •••• f. 1 ;Jr., .truer,~ yrr. .... .. .,' ~.rP •• ~<.'1 let 3 ,:'r!1 ..... . '3 :tT';.) '1,,·'£11' ~ Yl'V ••••• ~ yru., w.,~r:r t :'TO ••••• In yrc' J '.ll"i,<;l' .<.J YfO:. ,.

12

12

641

639

2

1,104

1,104

1,300

1,300

l,OU

l,Oll

247 48 1

37 161

367

51 1,033

70

LIFE 115.1

(b) 141.3 LIFE

29'/·3 LIFE LIFE LIFE

"ol~a·aj.j ........................ 1,104 2:: 55- 122 34, 70 21 12 22 94.4 !----10--H-~--1-----r-----t----1r----t-----t-----Ir-----+-----+-----t----~--·---Ir-----t_--9-j-~----~

a 1:;0

Pcfftlitt' ..... " ............. .. tnlf'tcrm1ri£1tc' ••••••••••••••

!1':J rnj'lirnum 'f ••••••• f' ••• ! .0.:'; tln'Jer I: nOD ••••••• G >'tOS., unier 1 yr •• H ••

1-:14'1 ~u:..lt'r~)yr:J. _.4 ... ;.' yrG., 'U."laer 3 :tr:c. ••••• 3 fru., W'Ji(,T ~~ yr; •••• ~ "} yrr.., ~der ~j :fro ••• _, f, yr:l •• ;,ul~>:r 10 yro •••• !u ~r:;., un::'e:.r ~.() Yl'D • ..

~, '11:';'. J llrrl {"\o'er ........ ..

1,C:I}~ ..?~ 53 ~3;) 55 227 12:: 343 70 21. 11• 12 .13 .~:J' l1.l. 27 21.5 38 2 10

1 1 5

.?..:") ITI 154

JB t5 40 12

1.0 1

9B 31

37 87 76

9 18 73 16 6

8 11 24 18 37

1

3 3

13 U

2 1 7

11 2 9 1

7 5

1

). 1

i~c..nntH·t1CUt •••••• ~ •• ~;., •••••• £21 ~1:, 127 ~,l. 193 103 19 12

Df.'t!nlb;: • '~""'" •• , ....... .. lrILictcr.:rJn!.ltE< .............. .

.::1 'l'1n!t!1'lJIl. • ~ ........ ~ •••• 1 ;.'.1"., W1,)rr 1,-1 yro •••••• ~ :Ire" wlicr .$ j'rn. • •••

oJ yrn., unJcr " ~·r'" •••• t) :lr: .. , unlfor (1 :lIT> •• 4" f, yrn. J under It) 'Jr'~ • ••• 1:', ,:/r1;'1 unjl't':O yrt:;.. ••

r---1~6~r----+----~---1-4---1--r--'-'-+---6--r---2~

605 84 126 49 181 101 .!"~ 78 45 2 '"'7 P,B ' 6 75 :,0 24 86 6 17 31 66 5 19 16 8

7 5 4

!9

1 ,>

7

12

1 3 5 3

1 4

1 3

4 68.0 62.7 60.1 47·5 67.7

103.3 126.0 16o.B

t>eln",,,, ...... ................ IU 6 14 6 2 22.3 t>ef!nlt~ ................... !--:'186;;;·:-H--d";6-1-::7S;--+-2:::'-1-::2",6-1---:6;--t--:l::4-+--6::-,-1--27. -j----t---r---+-_·_-+---t--1---

2-2.-3--i

26

Di.trlct of "oll",bl ........... 1-_;7:::0::-1t-_1-:-8_+-_U_,' -I1-_'_4_1-_9_1-1 __ 1..:09~+-._4_2_t-_l_01_+ __ 2-:-3-+ __ 21_+-__ 11_1-_6_t-_.=--+ __ +_.:.2+-=5::.1 • ..,:6_-1

4~ Ii i~ 4t ,)j 109 ~~ M 1* 2~ l~ 6 2 ~tj DcfJ.n11 (1 .................... .

'In-lc\,(>rminntu .............. . IlJ "l!limUlll .............. . 1 luYl 1.l11jo1' 6 p')o •• ~ •••

t. tr.l:lo., tmdcr 1 yr ••••• ~ 1 'fr., Wljer J yrD •••••• 2 ;j'ra. ~ utl.'lcr 3 ";(rO. ~. H

~ yro. j WlJer ~ yrD • ..... ~l .11'0. J UJ1tler tJ yr£> ..... 6 yra.., \Ul'1cr 1(:1 yro •• ,. 10 ,:/,!,rl., J.l.'1dCl 20 yro. "

59 1 1 1 ,1 1 1 3 54.2 ~ • 1 ~ 9l. 35 ·!~S 10 1 26.8

le7 1 79 ,6 24 6 1 48.8 61 1 59' 96.0 ~U 2? 14 lci 4 .126.0 ti 4 6 1 5 1

1 5

2

Florida....................... 3,044 1>5 ~oo 663 546 89 ilL'6 125 175 21 70 ll2 17 70 40.3 ~2~,2~~~it~4~5--r:5~68::-i-~;~l~4~r:3~79::-i--:6~2~~2~62~o--t--9~b-:·-t---:-10-7::-r--:l~a-t---3~6~--~77---+--1-:6-:-+--.:.---r-.:.63-1r--35-.~9--'

Definite- .t ....... ~ •••• t •••••

In;1(1tc{Dtlillto •••••••••••••• G ~onJ t Wj.der 1 yr~ ••••• 2; yrn., un,leX" ~ yrn. ~ ....

796 52 149 167 27 224 ,,~ 68 3 34 35 1 7 60.2 79~ 52 149 167 In 22~ 29 68 3 34 35 7 60.1

(~) l-!cl1au not. !lJIO\ln 'Io'jo,C're nUdJor- of caneo ill lcoo tntJ..\ 1,1. (v) ~:I.·;uun 10 higher thM ("00 mQntho.

44

-.

II

!ir:;~lon tlnl f-:V::\'*.c,. t;Yl:« {JI' GC!lt('n~C nn,l lrn'1:),

r:.f ·11ni!':'J.:!l

1';,-'1:1. •••••••• t ••••••••••••••

Defintt(· ••••••••••••• t •••••

In\l('tt.'1'1'".ir.at(J •••••••• 0 •••••

1. ;rs:., tlt.k't' " jf ....... . ;': ~r,; 0) Wl.~r ,~ yt'~. • ••• ~ Jr",., 'l;.ler ~. ~l!";' • .... ~ ;; :', • ., Ulll<~!' t ,j'!'," •••••

ti :It.·., 'J.id{'r 10 ~l·<" •••• 1~ Y~··., 1U1J"'~ .:'";\ ;;1:.', ••• 10 ;{TI.'., 11\.1 (;.;('r ....... .

l;,' •• 11 'l. ••••••• ~ ••••••••••••••• G

!r, .et!'r:r.ll,tltC· •••• ,o ••••••• ~. 'i) n:.l,drlr!. ............. .

1..1.')."") ••••••• t •••••••••••••• to'

D.·f'inl t ...... ~., ••••••••• ' •••

IIl<lt:'tt'm:r.n*fJ •••••••••••••• 1 yr' J unJo' "

yl· ... , U:!,jf'! ~;r,> •••••

134

t., !:';::, 1 yr. 1~110r un,ir!r 1 : •. :'::n- .! yr!l.

~~ ;;r~J. '1 :.Ir:-. unlot '1I1ll'!t' 3 :;r~. 4 :lrJ.

.'ti

J. ;;r:t. ~ :IN. t. yrl;. ur,Jcr unlcr unler :> yrtl. ~ r-::. 10 yrG.

IJIJ 1

(1 229

1 10

10? u-4v

1~

10 yro, 11 YI'n. ur.-lCl" ulll"r

11 :1'1'0, l~, yrz.

3"

37 3',

let yrc. 20 :iro. ur.J('t' 'Un l(lr

20 yro. 30 yrG.

G7

1'/ 7n

\ f)

l4 4';

1lO

55 7~ 1

1 1

,~~

30 :,r;:;. un'lar

SO yro.

3 9

~<} yr". And over

LIFt.

74

4 4

t!::',dn:l (1n r.'mtL,)

(o)

l:lll· .. )i:;; •••••••••••••••••••••• 1_·'_"_·"-1'I-_-1_1_4i._t-_"_'_'~ -1--' "_·_t-~_'·J_'-t_'_C_' -t-_4_6_i'_t-_~_63_+_1_'_3 _-t-_7_~_t-_12_,_+_-_o9_+_2b_' _t-_4_6-t __ €_~_.8_-; :lJi)1'Lj!tt:> •••••••• 0' ••••••••••

IT, ~0tr·"n::i:lt(' •••••••••••••• 1 :.-r., ,w.lr%' .. ~ :,:<0 •••••• .! If';,., 'l!d('l" 1 ;:r;:. "'" ":\ .:r .••• \1!I";'C'r : !"':; •••••

" Jl·,., ljf,lC':' I, :1-1',1 •••••

(, !irt 'J u;.,r" :;'0 ~.!'i:.. ' .. l~ ;:tt't1., "u!1J('r .'C .l~'.' • •• -:0 ~;r.;., v,n: .:<:C~ •••••••

,tU:.Li!l"',ll. ................ ~. " ~ •••

Vo'·t'!!jite ••••••••••••••••••• ~:I!I"'L(·r..1r;f].t.·' .............. .

1 :r., '.1l';:er.! ,;,r:', • ••••• '; ';;1':'., U!.~{'r ~ ;;1'., ••••• ~ .it';:!" 'Jr.lft' '. if".·, ..... f", yr:J., wileI' i; ;;r~, • •••• lO :ir::., 'Ull .. t.'r •. 'C ;"f., •••

Iclo''1 ••••••••••••• , •••••• ,., •••

t, !:.'lr.l t(' ........ ~ ...... , ..... . Inict.cr.::in:l.tc , ............. .

:;~ nltl.i.n'.i!:-: .............. .

Kx:;C!l:.J •••••••••• ..- •••••••••••••

Lefi:;~t( ••••• l •••••••• ~ •••• hi lp"';crmir,'''.(! ........... ~ ••••

!ic miniJ::.L'l> •••••••••••• n

1 d),Y, Ull'lcr 6 ~"' ...... . 6 41'.')1 •• , i1I: .. lcr 1 ;,'r. .., u

1 yr., 'mj('r 2 ~ir;J ...... 2 !'rc., un.lcl" :, 'Ira. , ••• 3 yr:.;.", WJ..:.t:r:1 .;irn ... ~. ': yrJ., ur.ler f., :;~~. u._ f;. Yi"I.i •• W'dcr 10 ~r-o ••• ~ ~o. ;fru., 'mit:'r 20 yr;;, ••• 20 yr:.., and over ",-0."

·,tu('lV' ...................... .

Dc!'1r.ite •••••••• , •••••••••••

31

11

11

'j?

,1 ,

1b

1,3

1 V

44

114 20 ~4 '0 l70.7 81 9 ,l .Co C'7.3 ~2 1 ' > 4U.tl

6'7 .~, 102.:-1:'11.'; 144.6-11r .. r

36.) 1(;8 10 9': >~", 1.11.(1

-f----~--1-O--t---1--t-----t-----r----t--l-:4-.-9--; l(G -'91 1t'3_ 7

3 ~~ It.... SO 69.3

1

12

12 12

47

41 41 41 1,1

103

1'1 14 4 7 9

44

13 10

7 3

1~'T 73 l~i{' h1. 50 II 11 3? 5S

!~dolM~ ...••.•. ! ............. ~1~~_4~9~ ___ &~ __ ~O~7~~_'_·c_r~~~~3_~1_176~_:_lti~·~_'_~_1 __ ~_'~n~~~~7i_~74_ti_~_1_B_~ __ ~ ___ ~~S7B~ __ ~,.~ ,~6"l 3n3 llu aI.", ;;41 :'-1 46 It(J 1/; 36 10· ,'t" n..~t'initC' •••••••••••••• ".... 11!-49

!' inc •••••••••••••••••• ~""'.

teflaIt,'.' ................... . l.tl'lctc11ll1nntc •••••••• .., ••••

No 1ninWUl!1 •• ,.~ •••• .- •••• 6 Jt.oI3., und.er 1 yr •••••• 1 yr., UhJcr g yrr.. • ••••• ,2 yrn ... unier 3 yr.J.. • ••• 3 yra.) unlet" 5 yrO~ •••• 50 yrs., ur.,lt!'r 6yrc. t •••

G yrtl.) un'Jet'10 YTo •• H

10 yrlj., wrJer- 20 yr.o .... 20 yrr:.., IlJl,l Clver •• ~ ••••

1 "4,'

8 (l6

~h4 54 18 15

7 '1 3

8

10

16

;:;­, 11

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Table A',.--LElIGTl\ OF mllIlo!Ull OF I1IDETEIiMI!tWE SEllTEl/CE OF FELO//Y PRISe/lEns RECE!'lfJ) FROM COURl' EY STI<TE l'mWII3: 1%0

nc~on an~ ~tntc

United ~tll,telJ

':otal i,ricOnf'ra

\lith ii:llct\'r~ !'!".1'u'!;.e ~eH:l.m::'N;

lin r,~1nlm'J!r.

1 J'l;i, ur.lor

6 lli':lntl1il

Ii re..J.~t:ll-:, >,I1lder 1. YCf.l.r

1 :lcar, .2 .;-.ear~ J

unler u.u,leT a y~ar,; 3 yf'!:1r.u

3 ~:{'urL'1 m.lcr-

S -yC'ur.1

5 ye3rJJ.1 \U1.der

6 yeo.tL

6 year!!, \t1t.1er

10 yearn

10 yearn, 'W1d.el'

20 ycarG

20 YC1t-ro1 nod oyer

Modi"" (in montho)

(a)

!iorti.(,Hl:Jt: •••••••• H.~ •• " ••• H 7,70j :·,:;1-:9 63 155 1/ef5 1/545 7~t1 ':tJ4 290 a4 52 20.9 ~---4~4-2--~----~~r------+'----8"-,--r-~~~'4~4~----;~4--t---~la~4----k-5--+---~7--+----7---t--~---r----16-.~2-1

~·~lr'L' •••••• ~ ••• " •• " •• ""'. :!("·w !;~f'zJ.!rr:' •••••• ~ ••••• , ',/clT,ont ••••••••••••••••••• !,lucc~·~:ll,i.PC't .~:; •••••••••• "." t.c,C.it! Icl!U11 ••••• " •••••••• l~o:.rj('(ftll·ut ••• """ ••••••• ,,.

;i('io' Yo:rl!. .................. . P{,nl'GylJ!l!l:a "" ••••••• " ••••

63 "1 18 14 3 2 2 24.3

~~~ ;~'F5 31 ,2 77 ~i 17b 69 4~ ~~ ~:~

.i.e 14 17

158'

'{44 411

06 ':6 19 16 8 15.8

892 :;62

354 J.6~ 131 35 20,6 1C4 ,2 33 8 23.8

:Q~~IC~ty~ ••••••••••• ~ •••• ~ __ n_._~_~ __ ~~1_,~_3_~ __ ~_~_1 __ ~ ____ ll_~ __ ~ __ 7_.1~9_3 __ ~._~_li_~_3 __ ~~~_6_2 __ ~ __ ffi_·_1 __ ~ __ ~ •• _'_.~~ __ ~_a __ ~ ___ h_l~~ ____ 2_0_._6~

0:.10 •• 4 ................... .

!'l • .:.!a.r,n •• " •• "" ••• ~ ••• ' .... " rllilloi& .......... 0 •••• 0 •••

~,!.1::-:'1-,ur ............. ".'O •••••

W!o~·:;n..;1il ." ..• ~""""""'"

MirJnec()"''l ........ ,," .... ~ •••• leila .~ •••••• 0 •• '.0 ••••••••

!.!1r;s:l1l.rl t •••••••••••• " •• ,

;-:(;rtl; Dak')tfl, •••• " ••••• "" .. . ,;' .;;ut!l Da}tl>ta ...... " •• " ..... . ::ebrusko, •••••• ~ ". " ........ . l~'1oas •••• ~ ........ " ..... " ••

.:icutl •• '" .~ ••••• " ••••••••••••

nel,o;wnl"/" • f' ~ •••••••••••••• f.~lry1anJ ••••••••••••••• 'O ••

Dint;.. of Col1.l1r.b1D. •••••• ~ •• Vjr.~1nla ••••••••• ~ •••••••• wcn:t 'Jlr,;lnlo. ............. . ;iortl;, Co.ro11no. •••••••••••• touth Cnrollnt\. ..... • ••••. JC01\:1a ••• t •••••••••••••••

Florl';lll •••• ~ ••••••••••••••

K(,'1t'..l'~':;' '" ••••••••••••••• ;e~;ue. • ••••••••• Al'!:" ... :"...;! •••••••••••••••••• :·:lcl..i.""";L-i;,! •••••••••••••••

/l.rt:ll!)t:l:n " ••••• , •••••••••• L='.l!."l:lnfl ••••••••••••••••• {.;~! ~ .~.;J. '." •• , ••••••••••••

Hcntf.ln!l ••••••••••••• ".f •••

!!.ato .~ .............. ~ .... ~. \l:i~-;!lla~ ......... ~ •••••• ~* •• ~al-;ro_o ,. •••• ~ ............ . ;~tr; !·~":dc·::;. •• , ••••• oO ....... .

Acl::c:-ul .~ •••••• f ••• ~ ...... . ~'til\l •••• , ••••• • f •• ••••••••

:c· .. n:ln .................... .

W:.l~·,.!:n;~tcn •••••••••••••••• Or(!~~n. .. ~.~ ................. . ,~ll!l'ornlu ................. . 1::.· .. ''11! ..................... ...

3, ~l,) l,2b-r 2,~,56 ~,(;tl(J

'em 482

411i

1

10 " 33

1,~",1

"6'1 ell ~63 201

1

3t. 110

;'3

30

445

1 51 III

12

1 4.188 ;16

51

49

35 '(

161 197

2 249

2-1~

1.=69

10 ,8 4

48

1.033

.?

10

6

~oo

7 65 3

55

70

125

134

33

7

179

28

23

72

17 18.9 24.2

10 23.3 15 25~2

l

71.

6

J 1 ·1 1

no MII/. :m l-tIII.

20.1

110 )IIJ/. 16.,

19., 45.0

30.8

11.4

21.8 22.~; 18.1 32 .. 2 1S.3 ~1.4

32.9 nomH.

10.2 /lOmll.

lteci,m and

State

All f't..·10n.Y

f'rI~~t.:n' ::r . rec~lvcj

Homicido

:;. finite ~h:di.1Ur.': .)t' inQeterr..irm,tc Definite

IbLtery

It.a:dJ!Jw, :11' 1r.dct~:r"11Ilut('

A:.;rault

J'UXir:lum of ilitleten:rl.nate Definite NllXimum 01'

!.ndeterminll to

weeny, except auto theft

Definite l',ax:1mum of indetClinina.te

Ifu'1lber Med'.ar, l:tL':Iber l'1cdian liwnber Ncd!;:m r:;W!l1:.~r 10k-dian Il1ll'lber lie, 10.0 1ll.lJ';ber l~d1nn .Number V.cdian Number P.edia.n tiull1bcr l-tcdinn liumber Median

th11te[i Ztateo ".,.

j:.;r"~ljea:t: !·~in~ O', ••••••••••••••

!ip .... lrw::p::;hire .••••••• Ycr:;'Jnt .............. . :·;ar.cac1:,uo".:!tt::; ...•.•.• F!:~,!c Inlar.tl ....•.... C·)nr.ccticut ..•.•.•..•

Ne..,. Yor;~ •••••••.••••• Pcnno~'~vanla ••••• _ •••

North Central: Ohi) ................ . InQiana •. O' •••••••••• -

Illinois ............ . J·Uchie;an •.••....••.•• W!r;cuncin ............ .

Minnesota. •••••••..... Tow •••••••••..•••••• l·l1soouri .•....•.•• O' ••

:North Dakota. .....••.. South Dal:ota •.••.•... Nebra:lka ••.••••.....• Kanons .....••.•.•••.•

South: Dela\l8.l'e ••••••••••••• Naryland ........... .. Distric.t nf Columbia. • Virginia. ............ . rfeGt Virginia •••.•••• north Cnrolina .•••••• c~uth Carolina ..•.••• Gc-org:ia .............. .. Florida •..•.......•..

Kentuoky ........... .. Tennesnee .O' ••••••••••

AlabBlr.A •••••••••••••• Mississippi .•.•.••...

Arlmnnas ••....•••...• louioiana ••.•......•• Oltla.h;)]!R ••••••••••••• TerAt;; •..••••.•..•...•

'Wcot: 1-fontana .............. . Idah:l •..•••.•.•...•.. Wyoming ............. . Colorado .••.•..••••• , liew.Mexico .•....•.... Arizona ••••••.•...••. Utah ............... .. llevada .•.••.....•.•••

Washington .•••.•...•. Oregon •••••••.••••••• California. .•••••..... }{awaii ••.••..••.•..••

3,584 1,395 2,826 3,681 1,085

63; :4

1,L39 ~32 363 757 979

186 3,675

570 1,883

510 2,687

893 2,518 3,044

l.,789 1,291 2,343

854

981 1,61,9 1,504 5,032

];25 274 235

1,104 493 813 268 221

~40 891

6,018 l.34

1 12

2 6

9 25

LIFE

LIFE

63 LIFE 20 LIFE

13'; 237.6 18 LIFE 25 (b)

].

64 1152.0

3 18 llO.O 9

10 90.0 79 155·6

168 188.6 10 LIFE 67 (b) 65 l.09.2

107 LIFE 1152 (b)

85 127·2 40 (b)

150 171·9 108 171.4

74 100.0 ).20 110.3 38 160.0 31 48.9

16 8 1 , 2 5 1

90.0

LIFE

18 /..!U.o

17 1,0.0

248 161.9 68 178·3

88 30 57

114

3 19

(1)) ).20.0

114.0

12 90.0 13 216.0

51 ll4·7 226 lOO.f,

145 131·3 31 190·0

67 131·5

8 15 29 22 5 9

27 20

196 5

108.8 210.0 137·1

(b) 168.0 213·3

10 F3.3 10 Ul).'{

61

23 55.5 149 ll3.4

160) 132.6 40 180.0 40 56.0 35 7>1 72 90.0

26B 74.2

16<) 75.8 96 106.9

ll9 210.0 5) 71.1

79 56.5 183 87·9

9G 106.4 103 87.2

17 5

7

9°·0

(a) Hediwi not sh:nm "Where number of cnoe$ is 1e~'1 than l.0. Medio.un!ll'e in .months. (b) ~:edian i. high ... tlmn 240 mqnth5.

11) 12'.:1.0 8 >

156 89.4

47 90.0

7~1 "9·2 ~01 101.1

52 6;

10

73

135 9'

14;;

175 92

(b) 229. 4 8,.2

194.8

231 •• 0 Z;3·3

~o.o

(0)

305 154.4

60.0 157.6

(b) 103.6 LlF~

153.~

(b) 62.9 LIFE

(b)

6 2

44 41.,

12 19.5 J16(' 18.2

" 261 40.9

55 24·9 '11 40.3 57 4C.B

193 40.3

6S 56.2 75 18.1 91 51.2 45 51.5

24 ~8.o 93 44.,)

~~ ,~:~

8 7

39 44.1 5

28 3~.4 38 73.0

27 4).0

J,88 67., 59 J'9·3

o

35 118.2

J,8 19.1 37 46·5

25 99·5 104 90.0

134 60.0 48 56,7

67 70.0

86 77.5

1, 33 22 67 ).2 7

40 195.0 34 J,0.9

197 177.4 5

571 45·5 14 52.8 61 32.7

103 34.4 12 185.5

330 23.~ 289 32·3 330 55·8 672 42.9

502 32.6

214 72.1

663 1J.2 521 19·0

1,055 481 790 912

357 21.0 100 52.2

214 181.1-59> 74·7

600 81.3 :49 59·J,

250 45.7 92 105·3 718 J'0.5 279 4:;.8

345 46.1, 646 SO.8 494 54.0 409 43.J, 1,302 54.6

35 45·8 291 139·tl

95 45·6 167 52·3

68 (b) 66 152.0

247 220

1,159 53

5 2 2

1

2 II 15.0

61 ,".5

2 :JO 44.0

8 53 20·9 40 28·5 3

II 18.4 564 17·3 22 !'T.O

271 35·3

116 19.7 125 21.6 20 42.0

2G9 35.5

352 19·5 2ll 21.3 563 34.7 162 33·8

204 29.6 276 36.6 323 31.2 297 41.6

2

68.1

72 4J •• 1 6

20 37.1 58 77.4

45 4C.5

7f.7 53·1 ljl 63.9

U6 lOG

4 2

18 95

90·9 134.0

152.4 4?"

271 20.C 31 I,:.;;

BG 179.3 151 64·3

32 66.0 84 49.9

4 24 40.0

100 104.Q 53 154.1 74 60.0 20 186.7 27 166.4

201 103-353

4

-,------.-.-- .~- ~-- ----;"" ---.~--- -r-

..

Table 1\5. __ OFFEUSE, Aim TYPE ruID LE.i.1GT11 OF SEI.TE::CE, OF FEU)!iY PRISO:~ RECEIVED FROH COURt <aY STATE PRISOT/1J: 1960 - Continued

(Ex(!ludes Alaska anil 1:ew Jeraey)

Offenc'.! and r:edian 9~ntenCQ length (by typo of c~ntence)(a)

Auto theft Embezzlement,

fraud and forgery Sex offenses Drug laws Other offenoc!:I:

Region and

3tate Definite

l-tax:lmwn of indeterminate Definite

Maximum of Indeterminate Definite

JI.axlmwn of indeterminate Definite

l-fax1mum of indeterminate Definite

}!aXimum of indeterminate

Number Nedlan Number ltfedian Number J.1edlan Number Median Number Median number Median lhw.ber Median Number J.tedlan Number !.ledlan l:um'uer lI.edian

2,717 58.7 United State... 874 32.1 2,468 89.8 3,789 36.8 6,455 103.4 1,2'(2 70.8 2,363 146.9 440 50.5 2,487 149.D 2,868 20.4 ~--~--+---+---+---+---+---~--~--~---r---r--~--~---+---r--~~-r--~---r--~

Northeast: l·~lne •.•••••••.•••. Nev lIampshire ..•... Vermont ••••.••••••• 1>1assB.chusetts ..•... Rhode leland ...... . Conrlect-tcut ••.••...

.New york ..••••••.•. .Penneyl vania ...... .

North Central: Ohio .............. . Indiana ............ . IllinOis •••....•... J.1ichigan ..••..•..• , Wisconsin .•........

l-.tinnesota ." ...•.... Io'WR ••• .- ••••••••••• Missouri .......... . lforth Dakota ...... . :outh Dakot.a ~ •..••. Uebraska ..........• Kancaa ............ .

South:

3 1

1

86

78 2

21 1

Delaware .... ....... 4 J.<aryland ........... 65 District of ColW'lbia 1 Virginia ........... 78 Hent Virginia ..... . l~orth Carolina ..... Ult South Carolina ..... 8 Cle:::rgia .•.•.......• 130 Florida ............ 119

Kentucky .......... . Tenne.!lcee •..••..••• Alabwna •.•.....•.•• lUssisnippi ....... .

A:rkanoa!3 .....•..•.. louisiana ... ~ ..... . .()}'~ahoma ., ••••••••• TeXllE1 ••••••••••••••

tfet..t: l·!ontana ........... . l<!aho ............ .. ~~yom.ing •••••••••••• Col::>rado ........... . HeY" }'leXico •••..••.• Arizona ............ . Utah ••.•.••••.••••• Nevada •...•..•...•.

Wanhington .•..••••. Oregon ..•..•..•.•.. California ........ . Hawaii ........•....

50 16

1 14

5 51

20

1

34.8

44.1

35·5

l7.n

33·6

18.1

47.0 35·7

21.5 36.0

26 2

12 40

41

236 3X

43·5

30.0 80·7

59·1

81.8 68·3

349 (b) 82 180.0

135 62.0 284 71.0

53 92.0 132 22.1

1

19 39·6 46 150.Q

14 13.6 37 41.4

90 57·2

219 62.6 45 54.8

2

19

13 33·0 58 18u.o 39 90.0 II 49.2

104 180.0 41, 24.0

284 94.8

2

4 1

6 4

183

8 335 43·3 18 28.0

165 22·5 188 22.8

5

23 20,

7 153

2Cl to

115 93

271 101 297

99

174 144 354 319

168 39.5 7B 1ll.2 ~

1

51 9

30 31

49

165 76

44.0

30.8 83.8

53·4

75·2 78.2

598 (b) 206 172.Q 215 64.1 415 126.8

82 138.3 212 114.1

26 50.0

Be 42.9 256 140.£'

55 24.7 (;1 35.:)

66 ~TI.9 211 52.7

141 77.5 36 57·8

37 68.3

5 lJ2 29.9 273 79.1 139 88.1 315 46.9 98 150.0 39 169.1

144 264

1,279 21.

(t) 38·3

180.0 112·5

(a) l·tcdian not shown ..... here number of cases is leon than 10. Medians. are iiJ months. (b) J.fr>dian is higber than 240 month •.

1 8 5

1

'2 3

103 157·1 3

141 42.9

72 50.6 6

17 <;'7·5 19 47.4

1, 92 41.2

88 90.0 2

38 170.0 37 98.6 26 120.0

105 86.8

75 70·5 39 192.6 65 87.9 47 81.4

36 51·5 56 96·9 51 47.7 67 53.8

32 108.0 28 152.7

1

50 10 19 95

86

210 189

142 211.5 82 192.0 £q 86·3

276 171.0

70 103·1 28 98.2

2 35 (b)

4~ 25.4 26 )6.0

16 120.0 85 138.6

72 108.5 29 58.6

6

8 5'· 10<;.7 13 (b) 41 94.0 17 loQ.4 9

61 (b) 37 87.0

296 LIFE 32 184.6

22

27

6

1 67 58.4 38 93.3 22 31.0 1 1

10 17.3 2

37 42.0

10 3

II 1

3 75 15 71

2 1

54.0

66.0

'(6.0 40.2 40. 1,

13

16

350 53·5 67 106·3

90 1.30.4 2

~22 6,.2 ill 169.2

5 6

16 42.0 24 57.2

2

277 86.6

1 49 108." 26 120.0 37 224. ':! 7 7

7 12

l.,~Ql

3

10 1 } 1

2

17·3

35 19·1 8

162 26.0

3 90

2 45 82 6

i) 696 18.9

7 92 34.2 8

37 17·9 185 16.7 6' 43.0

325 2P·3

207 29·;' 36 21.2

32'1 18.1, 51 23·7

38 22·3 I.J 55.8 89 28.7

11'5 4u·3

16 LIFE

50 44.0 5

39 19·0 75 56.1

63 51·5

254 55.0 82 64.S

303 52·5 146 92.0

'16 51.4 283 51·5

38 TI·! 93 44.2

6

10 54.0 85 52·7

46 18.Q 55 3:·6

II 120.0 75 65.2

72 TI·l 67 52.5

1

45 59·1

33 99

388 1

(0) ~4.7 96.5

Table A6. -- OFfENSE OF !'ELDIIY I'RISONERS m:cEIVED rnOH COURT BY SUTE PRISOlIS, BY AGE AND RACE: 1960

(Excludes AhaYA a.nd liew Jertiey)

l!wnbor Percent Total

felony Iarce~ Embezzl.c- Emb' J

Age and race (a) prisoners ~mioide Robbery- AsaaUlt llurglary

except Auto ment, Sex Drug Other Hom. Aut:> fraud Sex Drug Otl;.er

received aut~ theft fraud and offennes lawo offenses Rob. Aslt. llurg. larc. theft and orf. laws off. theft for{!/!ry forgo

TOTAL

All ages .0 •••• 69,235 3,571 7,514 3,890 19,221, 9,303 3J 342 10,244 3,635 2,927 5,585 5·2 10·9 5·6 27.8 13·1> 4.8 14.8 5·3 4.2 8.1 .-19 years and under . 11,838 333 1,505 562 4,778 1,896 1,155 547 514 89 1'59 2.8 12·7 4.7 40.4 16.0 9. 8 4.6 4.3 0.8 3·9 20 to 24 years ..... 17,687 611 2,607 841 5,854 2,3": 946 1,917 818 730 1,022 3·5 14.7 4.8 33·1 13·2 5·3 10.8 4.6 4.1 5·£ 25 to 29 yearn •.. ,0 • 12,521 578 1,574 669 3,380 1,574 457 2,006 535 752 J 996 4.6 12.6 5·3 21·0 12.6 3.6 16.0 4·3 6.0 7·9 30 to 34 yea~s ..... 9,718 521 916 584 2,250 1,25& 328 1,872 445 61,1 903 5·4 9·4 6.0 23.1 12·9 3. 4 19·3 4.6 6.6 9·3 35 to 39 year. .. ... 6,981 463 475 419 1,310 908 219 1,'i70 1,;2 346 819 6.6 6.8 6.0 18.8 13·0 3·1 22·5 6.5 5·0 11·7 40 to 44 years ..... 4,357 323 211 305 776 561 114 9?8 319 183 567 1·4 4.8 7.0 17.8 12·9 2.6 22·9 7·3 4.2 13·0 45 to 54 year" ..... 4,416 476 179 354 666 585 111 963 370 130 582 10.8 4.1 8.0 15·1 13·2 2·5 21.8 8.4 2·9 13·2 55 to 64 year. .. ... 1,417 196 44 116 185 157 12 322 1.30 1,6 209 13·8 3·1 8.2 13·1 n.l 0.8 22·7 9·2 3·2 14·7 65 years and. over •. 300 70 3 40 25 23 - 49 52 10 28 23·3 1.0 13·3 8·3 7·7 - 16.3 17·3 3·3 :/·3

UlfLTE

All ages •••••• 44,166 1,568 4,121 1,658 12,791 5,741 2,421 8,590 2,504 1,529 3,831 3·5 9·2 3·7 28.6 12.8 5. 4 19·2 5.6 3·4 e.6

19 years and under . 7,732 172 737 279 3,330 1,222 853 437 286 73 343 e.2 9·5 ?6 43.1 15·8 11.0 5·7 3·7 0·9 4.4 20 to 24 years ..... 11,751 308 1,459 395 q,~~ 1,439 682 1,557 5t 504 754 2.6 12.4 3·4 35·1 12.2 5. 8 13·2 4.5 4·3 6.4 25 to 29 years ..... 7,745 245 846 276 2,096 926 307 1,606 31.' 408 661 3·2 In.9 3·6 27·1 11·9 4.0 20.7 4.8 5·3 8.5 30 to 34 years ..... 5,~28 183 516 222 1,382 £81 22,''- 1,570 3C 262 585 3·1 8.7 3·7 23·3 11·5 3.8 26·5 5·1 4.4 9·9 35 to 39 years ..... 4, 60 196 274 149 791 558 160 1,3/10 335 118 539 4.4 6.1 3·3 17·7 12·5 3. 6 30.0 7·5 2.6 12.1 40 t') 44 years ..... 2,925 130 121 121 493 386 93 872 238 77 394 4.4 4.1 4.1 16·9 13·2 3,2 29·8 8.1 2.6 1305 45 to 54 years ..... 3,078 217 134 151 443 407 90 882 299 59 396 7·1 4.3 4.9 14.4 13·2 2.g 28.7 9·7 1·9 12·9 55 to 64 years ..... 963 85 37 51 122 106 9 285 102 25 141 8.8 3.8 5·3 12.7 11.0 0·9 29.6 10.6 2.6 1 •• 6 65 years and over .. 181, 32 3 14 15 16 - 41 42 3 18 17.4 1.6 7·6 8.2 8.7 - 22·3 22.8 1.6 9.8

llOfl-ll!lI'l'F.

All agee ...... 24,469 2,003 3,387 2,232 6,427 3,562 921 1,651, 1,131 1,398 1,754 8.2 13.8 g.1 26.3 11,.6 3·8 6.8 4.6 5·7 7·2

19 years and under . 4,106 161 768 283 1,1,48 671, 302 110 228 16 ll6- 3·9 18·7 6.9 '\ d5·3 15 •• 7. 4 2.7 5.6 0.4 2.8 20 to 24 years ..... 5,936 303 1,148 446 1,'!?!) 902 264 360 290 r.26 268 5·1 19·3 7·5 29·1 15·2 4.4 6.1 4.9 3·8 4.5 25 to 29 years ..... 4,776 333 728 393 l J 2S4 61,8 150 400 161 344 335 7·0 15·2 8.2 26·9 13.6 3·1 8.4 3.4 7·2 7.0 30 to 34 years ..... 3,790 338 400 362 868 577 101 302 1115 379 318 8.9" 10.6 9.6 22·9 15·2 2.7 8.0 3·8 10.0 e.11 35 to 39 years ..... 2,521 267 201 270 519 350 59 230 117 228 280 10.6 8.0 10·7 20.6 13·9 2·3 9·1 4.6 9·0 11.1 40 t:> 44 year. .. ... ~,1'32 193 ,~ 184 283 175 21 126 81 .106 173 13-5 6·3 12.8 19.8 12.2 1·5 8.8 5·6 7.4 1211 45 to 9:4 years ....• 1,338 259 203 223 178 2~ 81 71 71 186 19·3 3·4 15·2 16.7 13·3 1.6 6.1 5·3 5.3 1,,·9 . 55 to 64 years ..... 454 111 7 65 63 51 3 37 28 21 68 24.4 1·5 11'.3 13·9 11.2 0.6 8.1 6.2 4.6 15·Co 65 years and over .. 116 38 - 26 10 7 - 8 10 7 10 32.8 - 22.4 8.6 6.0 - 6·9 ~.6 6.0 8.6

(a) Age" are inclusi'

.' Tab1.e A7· --PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF AGE-OFFENSE GROUPS OF FELONY PRISONERS RECEIVED F1Xl14 COURr BY STATE PRISONS J BY RACE: 1960

(Excludes Alaska and. lIell Jersey. Compare llHh Table A6)

(a) All. Larceny, Embezzlement J

Age and race Homicide Robbery Assault Burglary eltCept Auto fraud and Sex Dru:> other offenses auto theft theft forgery offenses lalls offenses

All ages ........... 1.00.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White ........................ 64.7 43.9 5~,.9 42.6 66.6 61.7 72.4 83.9 68.9 52.2 68.6 i1on-white .................... 35·3 56.1. 45.1. 57.4 33.4 38.3 27.6 16.1 31.1 47.8 31.4

19 years and under ...... 1.00.0 100.0 1.00.0 100.0 1.00.0 100.0 1.00.0 100.0 1.00.0 1.00.0 1.00.0 White ........................ 65.3 51.7 49.0 49. 6 69.7 64.5 73·9 79·9 55.6 82.0 74.7 r;on-white .................... 34.7 48.3 51.0 50.4 30.3 35.5 26.1. 20.1. 44.4 1.8.0 25.3

20 to 24 years ~ ......... 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.00.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.00.0 100.0 100.0 White ........................ 66.4 50.4 56.0 47.0 70.5 61.5 72.1 81.2 64.5 69·0 73.8 rIon-white .................... 33.6 49.6 44.0 53.0 29·5 38.5 27·9 1.8.8 35·5 31.0 26.2

25 to 29 years .......... 100.0 1.00.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.00.0 1.00.0 100.0 100.0 White ........................ 61.9 42.4 53·7 41.3 62.0 58.8 67.2 80.1. 69.9 54.3 66.4 lIon-llhite .................... 38.1. 57.6 46.3 58.7 38.0 41.2 32.8 1.9·9 30.1. 45.7 33.6

30 to 34 years ........... lCO.O 1.00.0 100.0 1.00.0 1.00.0 1.00.0 1.00.0 1.00.0 100.0 1.00.0 100.0 White ........................ 61.0 35.1. 56.3 38.0 61.4 54.1 69.2 83·9 67.4 40;9 64.8 ;lon-white .................... 39.0 64.9 43.7 62.0 38.6 45.9 30.8 2.6.1. 32.6 59.1 35.2

35 to 39 years ...... " ... lCC.O 1.00.0 1.00.0 100.0 1.00.0 1.00.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.00.0 100.0 White ........................ 63.9 42.3 57·7 35.6 60.4 61..5 73.1. 85.4 74.1 34.1 65.8 ,'lon-white .................... ·36.1 57·7 42.3 64.4 39.6 38.5 26.9 llf.6 25.9 65.9 34.2

40 to 44 years .......... 100.0 100.0 1.00.0 100.0 1.00.0 100.0 100.0 1.00.0 1.00.0 1.00.0 1.00.0 White ........................ 67.1 kO.2 57·3 39·7 63.5 68.8 81..6 87.4 74.6 42.1. 69.5 1!on-t.Jhi te .................... 32.9 59.8 42.\ 60.3 36.5 31..2 18. OJ. 1.2.6 25.4 57.9 30·5

45 to 54 years .......... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.00.0 100.0 1.00.0 1.00.0 1.00.0 1.00,0 100.0 llt.ite ........................ 69.\ 45.6 74.9 42.7 66·5 69.6 81..1. 91..6 80.8 45.4 68.0 ;~('rJ-white ................. , .. 30.3 54.4 25.1. 57.3 33.5 ::0.4 18·9 8.4 1.9.2 54.6 32.0

55 to 64 years .......... 100.0 1.00.0 100.0 1.00.0 100.0 1.00.0 1.00.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White ........................ 68.0 lf3.4 84.1 44.0 65.9 67·5 75·0 88.5 78.~ 54.3 67.5 Jon-white ...................... 32.0 56.6 1.5·9 56.0 34.1 32·5 25.0 1.1.5 21.5 1;5.7 32·5

65 years and over •.• : .•. 100.0 100.0 1.00;0 100.0 1.00.0 1.00.0 - 1.00.0 100.0 100.0 1.00.0 White ........................ 61.3 45.7 100.0 35.0 60.0 69.6 - 83.\ 80.8 30.0 64.3 :ion-,{hi te .................... 38.7 54.3 - 65.0 40.0 30.4 - 16.3 1.9. 2 70.0 35·7

(a) Ages are inclusive.

Table AB. --HEDIAlI AGE OF FELOIlY PRISONERS RSCEIVED FOOH COUR'r BY STA'.l'E PRISOnS, BY OFFENSE AND RACE: 1960

(Excludefl J\le.sK;t.an<l Heu Jersey. Hedians are 1n years)

All Larceny) A\'l..to Embez.zlement. J Sex Drug Other Race offenses HOmic1de Robbery AssauJ.t Burglary except theft fraud and offen_es laW" offenses

auto theft forgery

All l'rj.soners ...•.. 27.0 32.5 24.3 29.0 24.1 26.3 22.7 31.7 29·5 29.3 31.7

White ........................ 26·9 31.6 24.5 27.8 23.7 26.1 22.6 32.2 31.1 27·3 31.3 Non-white .... 0 ••••••••••••••• 27.3 33.0 24.0 29.9 25.l 26.6 23.0 29·5 26.5 31..5 32.5

~rote: See Table /16 for nUll1erical. breakdown of' offenses,

--------- --------

Table A9.··0FFE!lGE OF F"';WilY PRIGO;lEn~ RECEIVED FR~f.! COURT \\1 STATE PRrSONS, ll'i AGE MID CEi!TElICll LENGTH: 1960

(Exc1uiCo A10nkn nnd l1ell Jeroey)

Total LarcenYJ EmbE'.!zleme-nt,

I\~e (a) felony Sex Drug Otl«.:r priconcra Homicide Robbory AGoault Bur,,:lary except J\uto theft fr'J.ud and

offenses laws offenocc received auto theft for!~er'J

tlUJolJJER

fill a~eo •••• ~ •• '" •• + ................ (.:',2;15 3,571 'r,~,14 3,890 19,224 9,303 3,342 10,241, 3,635 2,927 5,505

19 yea.rn /l11.! under .•........ j •••••••••• 11,831] 333 1,50:; ~t.2 4,718 1,896 1,15'; 547 514 89 459 '0 to 24 yenro ... 1.· ......... ·.····.·.· 17,68" 611 2,u)7 1141 5,(354 2,341 946 1,917 811) 730 1,022 ,I;' to ~;9 yecf1ra ; ........................ L.~J :;21 'J'lO l,'j'!l~ 669 3,380 1,574 1'57 2,006 535 752 996 30 to 34 years ......................... ~~, 71H :J21 ~Jl6 584 2,250 1,258 3,'8 1,872 445 GI,l 903 3:1 t{1 39 years •........................ 6,9~1 1.G~1 t~75 1,19 1,310 908 2:L9 1,570 452 31,6 Ul~1 1.0 f('l Itt.. yeuro "'~"f"""'" j •••••••• :',357 3~, :'11 :.~~t') .,.rG 561 1L4 998 319 183 567 1 .. 5 t.o 1)1 .. y~o.rG •••• J ••••••••••••• '" •••••• 4,41{~ !~7G 17~ j51i tiCC 5HIJ 111 963 370 130 r~e.? ~5 tf< 64 yearn ..•••...•..•••.••..•.•... 1,h1'{ 19G 41, 116 lBr; 157 12 322 130 1,6 209 6~ ycar~ unl -Ci'ler ••.•••..•••••••• 0 ••••• :~OO '10 3 110 25 23 49 52 10 2B

t1EDIAlI CElIl'EIlCE LEtiIJT!f (0)

Illl n,~£'n 'f •••• ·········.·,··.····, (;2.6 190.6 12~~ . .3 49.1 61.5 40,6 ~'1.7 51.8 108.9 120.1, 3;.4

19 yeRr'!l 1ll1(1 under •....••......•....... 5~.t' ?15.B 89.1 47,[; I,'{.l 36.8 liD.7 44.3 68.6 60.7 40.6 20 to 24 yearn ............... ~ .......... 63.1 151.1, 1!1.0 1..,,·{ 61.2 1+0.4 (,3.2 46.9 7:J.O 121.5 39.4 25 to 29 yoarG ......................... ~4.3 19·,.5 125.6 'iO.~, 63·9 41.9 62.6 56.2 ('6.8 12t.0 36.3 30 to 34 yraru .......................... 64.U lIJ5.'7 130.5 r;o.8 ijC.i~ 42.1, 63.1 55.2 1;,4.4 121.8 33.1 ~5 to 3, ye.r. ......................... 1~?8 ~O8.9 1::G.6 1'7.9 C4.6 44.9 60.6 51.9 120.4 113.4 31.'( 40 to 1,4 yeur~ ......................... 6~.4 183.5 12y.C )C.6 64.6 43.7 51.4 54.9 122.0 99.2 32.3 45 to 54 yp.urG .•••••.••••••..•• ~ ••••. '. 6?8 196:, 131.7 ,;:.5 ';-~.2 47:' 1'3.9 52.9 121.1 104.0 32.6 55 to 6~ YCl1ro .......................... 6j.9 1B2.6 l:'L') 4G.5 67.~ I".G 53.1 114.7 72.0 35.1 £:5 yeur'L> un,l {;ver ••••••••••••••..••••.• W.O 1,0.7 65·1 6(;.0 39·0 60.9 45.C

PLnC:E:IT DIGTRI "ITaO:1

t~!l a~~f.'O ... , ....................... 100.0 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.C 100.0 100.0

19 yearo an:! "'lier ..................... 17.1 9.3 20.0 14.10 24.9 ~o.4 34.6 5·3 14.1 3.0 8.2 20 tC' 21, yc:n.r~ ........................... 25.5 17.1 34.7 21.6 30.5 25.2 28.3 16.7 22.5 24.9 1~.3 25 to <9 y~aro •••• , ••••••• ~ ••• i ••••• ~ •• 18.1 16.2 20.9 17·2 17.6 16.9 13·7 19.6 14.7 25.7 1"(.8 30 to J-ll yearn ... " .... , ................ 14.0 14.6 12.2 15·0 1l.7 13.5 9.8 18.3 12.2 21·9 16.? 35 to 39 yenr;.; ........................... 10.1 13.0 6.3 10.8 6.8 9.8 6.6 15·3 12.4 11.C 11'.1 lie to lilt :fl'ur:; ......................... G.j 9·0 2.8 1·8 4.0 6.0 3.4 9·7 S.8 G.3 10.2 J.5 to 51 .. yctlr:; ........... , ............. 6.4 13.3 2.4 9,1 3·5 6.3 3·3 9.4 10.2 4.4 10.4 5~ to 61J. ycarEl .... , .................... 2.0 5·5 0.6 3·0 1.0 :1..7 0.4 3.1 3.6 lor. 3,'j 65 years atl'.1 over ................. , ..... 0.4 2.0 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.4 tld (:.f)

{"l Agell are 1nclu.li'll.'o (b Median sentence length not shwn when' number 01' .:ar:CG it; leos than ,~5. }!etllano arr· In months. f.!c,Us.n oentenct: lencth Is n:.edlll1~ of

-eo:nuination Ol : .. !,,.i~:.lm 01' indeterminate aud definite sentence:J"

'raule AlO.- ·;JEHTEHCE LElm:CH OF ~'ELOHY PRISONER'> RECEIVED FROM COURT ;>'Y STA~:'E PRISONS, BY OPFEl/SE Aim RACE: 1960

(Excludes Alaska and ;ie" Jersey)

All prisoners White Non-l1hite

Offence Median Nedian

:lumber sentence Number sentence Number length length

All offenses ....................... 69,235 62.6 44,766 63.0 24,469

Homicide '" ... ~ ........................... 3,571 190.6 1,568 204.1 2,003 Robbery .................................. 7,514 122.3 4,127 125.6 3,387 AS!3ault ........... ~ ..................... 3,890 49.1 l,658 58.0 2,232 Burglary .......... , ..................... 19,224 61.5 12:,797 62.7 6)427 Larceny, except auto theft •••• "":1., ••••••• 9,303 40.6 ;;,741 42.2 3,562 Jluto theft , ... , .. .;.. ...................... 3,342 61.7 ;2,421 62.0 921 EmuClzzlement, i'l'aud and i'orgery ... , ..... 10,244 51.8 ;B,590 53·7 1,654 . 3cx offenses .............................. 3,635 108.9 2,504 108.4 1,131 Drug la\~s ................................. 2,927 120.4 1,529 122.2 1,398 Other offenses .. , ....................... 5,585 35.4 3,831 38.8 1,754

Ilote: Median sentence lensth is median of combination of maximum of indeterminate and definite sentences. Medians are in months.

54

Median sentence length

61.6

It\2.1 112.3 45.4 56.6 37.6 60.7 46.6

110.1 97.8 29.1

~

•

Ta.ble 1;11 • • - PllRCIDITAGE PIS~'ltOlUTIOII OF F.ELOIlY P.RISOI:ER3 RECEIVED Fl10~1 COURT BY STATll PllISOlln, liY OFFE1ISE: 19CO

(Excludec Alael"" arid lIew Jersey. Compare with Table Al)

Total la~'ceny, Embezzle-.Rollion felony

!fomicide .R()bbery Asna::lt BUrglary except Auto tr.ontJ Sex Drug

and prJ.aonero auto tr.oft fraud ar.d offcneen laws State received theft tal'gory

United States ... 100.0 5·:.> 10·9 5·6 ~n.8 1::.~4 h.8 1~.8 5.3 4.2

U"rtheant .. , .............. 100.0 5·3 16.5 8.8 23·1 14·3 5·0 5.3 8.5 5·1

Haine ... , .............. 100.0 1.6 '1.4 8.8 30.0 16·3 5·9 11·5 11.3 -Xlew IIBmpchire .......... 100.0 4.8 9.6 6.0 41.0 1·2 2.1< 10.8 12.0 -Verm:>nt ••.••••.•••••••• 100.0 0·5 2.; 13·0 19·0 H.6 6.9 14.8 9·3 . l~lJcachuEletto .......... 100.0 4.0 22.5 5.4 21q 8.0 5·5 4.2 13·8 1·7 Rhode IclanCi .......... , 100.0 2.G 13·0 ',.e 45·5 2.6 - ,.2 6., 5·2 Connecticut ............ 100.0 3·7 7.6 4·7 34·9 1·2 C.6 8.1 13·8 3·1

lIew York ............... 100.1) ii.l 18·9 H.6 15.& 18.7 5·6 3·9 5.0 8·3 Penneyl VIlOla .......... , 1.00.0 6.1 17.3 3·9 34.4 (,·7 2.1. ,.0 12.0 4.4

North Central ... , ......... 100.0 3·9 12.6 3·4 27.4 :i.l.6 7.1 16.6 5·9 3·3

OILio ~ .................. 100.0 4.2 12.8 3·3 29·, 8.7 9·1 16.7 4.0 2.5 Indiana ...... , ......... lOO.!) 3·6 7·3 4.0 34.7 9·9 5·9 15·3 6.1 0.1 I111noio ............... 100.0 G.8 26., 1.8 28.0 3·7 4.8 7·1 6.1 U.6 ~Uohlcan ..... " ......... 100.0 3·6 10.6 J •• O 24.8 19·7 7.7 11·3 7." 3·0 Wicco(:cin .............. 100.0 2·3 5·6 4.1 25·1 6.2 7·9 16·9 13·0 2.0

J.!1nncrota .... , ......... 100.0 3·2 8.2 6·5 24.6 18·3 8.4 13·0 H.l 0.8 Iowa .................... 100.0 1·1 1·6 2·9 17.1 12·9 15·8 26.J, 3.4 0.7 l·liocouri ... ~ ........... 100.0 3·5 14.1 3·4 31.0 15·2 4.2 18.2 3·9 1·5 llorU Dak~ta ........... 100.0 1·5 7·6 3·0 28.8 9·1 2·3 33·3 ll·3 -South Dalt"ta. ........... 100.0 0.8 2.2 2.5 16.8 1.5·2 - 45·5 4·7 -IIcbrao::a. ............... 100.0 2.0 6·5 3·0 23·4 1··T 5·3 35·7 2.8 0.8 Ktlneaa . ........... ~ . "' .. 100.0 2·9 7·1 3-'7 30.6 10.0 4.1' 26·7 3·6 0.8

South .......•...... to ••••• lQI).G 6.5 8·5 6.8 31.4 16.0 3·5 12.4 1 •. 0 2·3

Delaware ., ............. 100.0 ;;.4 12.4 6·5 118.1, 5·9 2.2 12.4 2.2 0.5 f·1e.rylan,-l ,,~~ .... ~ ........... lQ().Q 2·5 ,., 111.0 ).7·8 22·7 2.1 7·0 3·7 2·3 Diotrict of Columbia ... lOCI. 0 3·2 1(,·3 3.1 18.2 9·3 6 •• 11·9 4.6 10·9 Virllinia ............ , .. 100.0 8.) 9.(J 13·9 30·9 11'.4 1"1 8.1 4.7 1.2 ;rcot Virllinia .......... 100.0 8.0 1.0 h·9 42.0 16·9 - 12·9 3·5 0.2 North Carolina ......... 100.0 10·9 6,9 5·9 34.4 9·9 7.6 15·3 4.6 0·3 S'Juth Carolina ......... lorJ.O 7·3 3·9 B.o 32.4 14.0 0·9 7·6 4.1 1.1 G~"rllia ................ 100.0 10.0 9·8 ".6 36·9 2.1 13·9 10.2 3·9 0·3 n"rida ....... , ......... 100.0 6·3 11.8 8.1 33·5 11.6 5·4 1,.2 4.4 l·7

KentuoJ;;y ............... 100.0 h.S ~.4 3·8 28.1 19.7 2.B 15·1 1,.2 0.6 Tennecsee .............. 100.0 8.~ 9.0 11.0 27·0 24.1 1.4 10.7 3·5 0.4 Alabama ................ 100.0 6.4 ;.1 3·9 30.6 24.0 - 12.7 2.8 0·5 MiGGicGippi ............ ]'00.0 )2.6 ~·9 5-3 32·7 19.0 0.4 11.6 5·5 0.1

Arkanoa.s ........... ~ ................ 100.0 1·5 B.l 2.4 35·2 20.8 0.1 11.7 3·9 0·3 Louisiana. ..... , ........ 100.0 7·3 11.1 5·6 3"·3 16.7 0.8 8·7 3·4 4·5 O:tlahoUlB ............... 100.0 2·5 6.4 2.6 32.8 21.5 0·3 23.5 3·4 1.0 Texao ................. ~ .............. 100.0 4. : 8.1 2·3 34.0 15·6 1.1, 19.3 4.3 6'9

~Tont ···.f.··.·· ... · .. ·· ... 100.0 3·6 10·1 3·7 21.9 8.9 1'·9 24·9 5·3 9·8

J.\c>"tana ................ 100.0 3·$ 4.0 1·9 22.1 11.8 4.7 39·5 1·5 0.5 Idal,,, .................. 100.0 2·9 1.8 2.6 30·7 15·3 - 30·3 10.2 0.4 rryominr: ................ 100·0 3·8 4·3 1·7 14·9 10.2 5·5 48.1 3·4 0.4 Coloraoo ••• 0' ••••••• , ••• 100.0 1.8 12·5 3·0 26.4 9·1 5·3 24.7 5·0 4.4 l1eW' Z,1e;.cico .............. 100.0 6·7 8·5 1'.5 19·3 10.8 7·9 28.2 2.6 5·3 Arizona ... " ........•... 100.0 3·0 5·2 8.2 20·5 9·1 1.11 36.7 5·0 4.6 Utah .................... lCJO.O 3·7 9·0 4·5 25.4 1.5 - 36.6 6·3 2.6 llevada ................. 100.0 4·5 16·3 3·2 32.2 13·1 - 18.1 4.1 '3.2

~iaahit1cton ............. 100.0 2·') 8.1 4·3 26·3 21.~ U.l 15·3 6·5 0·7 Creeon ................. 100.0 2.:' 6·5 3·8 :14·7 11.6 4·9 29·6 4.2 1·3 CaUr"rr.ia ~ ............ 100.0 1,.0 13·: ?·3 19·3 5·9 I", 2103 4.9 16.6 lla.ue.ii .............. , .. wo.Q 3·7 ·r.5 3·7 39.6 ~.o - 15·7 23·9 2.2

55

Other ofi'cnzec

8.1

1·5

11·3 6.0

22·1 10.2 11·7 10·3

t;,q., 5.\..'

8.1

8·5 13·0 3·0 7.7

llj·9

6.0 U·5 4·9 6.1

12.4 12.2

1)·3

8.8

1'·3 20.2 10'9

4·9 3·1 4.2

20.7 5·4

12·9

11.6 4·7 ,~-.

1110C 6.0

4.0 2.4 5·9 3·8

6·5

4.2 5·8 7·7 7·8 6·3 4·3 4·5 5·4

3,5 11.1

6,'T 0,7

To.tle 1U2.--'l"iPE AND r.c:G'l'll OF Sn~;'E:jC~ OF FEW::Y PRr~O:rr~H$ ru:CErrr:D FHoa COT.JR':' ';,'£ :'.i'ATl PRI:::.'I):;~; l:';~~C , 19~1.:J :1·:.t. 19l.-C

(Ex(.'l"'J.i('o r;e1'Jl";~la, ll'l'':llii ~ IUld :·Ucld ilr. for lQ,C, :ro.~m.l1 fOl' 1):;6, ~:~' . .' Jcr:...c:: for 1960, unl JU.Il:.1k:l .~{Jr all ~·f!f.lrn)

19(.O~Il.) ~956(") 19jC(c)

Rctj!Gn Pcr.-:c-nt. lenl~;:i(~n t;:~~:~~)(u)

Pt.r..!(::~·.

lel)~~~:l(~ll s:~~~~~) (d) Percent

lcn~~1(~n G:~~~~~)(d) Cl!jd. Ctate :i<Jr..oer \/lti.l. n .... .Il!".bc:r

uit .. Il,l!!tt·er 'Viti.

olefin!. te Definite I!"'.l:.ctenn1n3te ie-finite O(>fJn!.te II.l::.i':;·i,eminate definite Dcfhlite Indeterminate zen ~(>r-~ce (e) Gt'n -enct' (e) H'ntence (e)

Unite..!. State a ••.•••••••• £9,23:1 35.e 4Ul ~O1.4 58,576 38.0 4~.4 101.6 46,122 42.6 44.3 103·9

tiortncQ.(It . ~ ............... " .... 1,9(:2 2.5 11.1 73·7 8,583 4.5 99.4 75.2 1,363 4.4 '18.1 82.7

Ha1ne ...................... 443 0.2 :'6.3 345 7.8 54.6 44.7 441 5·9 118.6 ,6.5 ;:6"',,( Ual!lpaL1rr. ............... 83 58.7 67 3.0 54.0 72 2.8 51.0 Vermont ••••• I •••• ~ ••••••••• 216 11.1 17.4 32.0 153 5.2 23.4 194 2.1 28.6 11lGGtl~hu:>Qtto ............... 146 ,.9 110.8 83.6 80S 14.1 101.7 85.0 724 9·1 9' •. 7 85.3 Riv,'le !:Jln..,;i ~ ...•••••..•••• 77 100.0 29.6 104 100.0 30.5 128 100.0 28·7 Connet'tieut ................. 621 2.6 90.0 68.9 525 4.0 99.4 11.7 380 5.5 1()7t5 63.5

!lev Yorf,; ...................... 4,203 0.2 75.8 3,60: 2.2 LIFE 79.1 2,812 0·3 91.0 ::t:!W" Jerney ................. (£) (f) (rl (f) 1,452 1.0 LIF"i 70.3 1~320 2.9 24.0 66.1 PcnoJ:lylvo.nitl •.••• , •. ~ .••••• 1,513 1.9 LIFE D3.1 1,,27 1.0 LIFE 83.5 1,292 2.4 LIFE 108.2

:l'oTth Cen+:'~l .................. IS,108 24.3 1'5.5 115.6 1,,782 19.8 46.a 116.8 11,303 21.8 47., 112.5

Ohio ....................... 3J584- 1·9 LIFE 200.2 3,141 3.1 LIFE 215.6 2,645 4,0 LIFE 230.0 Iniiar.a ...................... 1,395 7.7 153.8 111.1 1,398 8.7 18·1·9 140.4 1,.Lll 6.2 216.4 148.2 IUinoi, ................... 2,826 9.C 194.4 18.9 1,693 14.2 112.5 r11.0 l,862 9.2 1&1.1 73.4 HlciJi;3lln .................... 3,681 0.6 LIFE 107.2 3,576 0.1 LIFE 122.9 (r) (r) (r) (f) WiDco!lcL"l .................... 1,085 100.0 39·9 1,124 2,.4 36.9 41.8 995 8.'t lS. " 42.1

lIJ.r..nesota ...•.•...•..•.•••. 633 0.2 102.1 693 0.1 100.5 679 2.7 l!?O.O 101.2 10' ... 11 ......................... 8311 1.7 16.5 107.4 G88 0.6 99.1. 623 5~·5 10C9 105.3 MiCGourl .................... 1,839 100.0 48.5 l,502 100.0 48.5 1,543 lCO.o 41.9 .iorth Dakota. ....... , .•..... 132 39.4 31.ci 57.5 125 39.~ 19·0 71.1 124 5';.9 19·4 50.4 ;..:.,uth Daltoto ............... 363 99.4 23.8 309 100.0 30.0 301 99.7 29.9 Ijebret;l~[J. .................. 1 •• 757 72.1 33.0 4S·3 545 71. . .: 35.4 47.8 Gll (;6.0 28.3 45.0 Kane-no ....................... 979 4.0 210.0 151.7 762 2.6 (e) ~27.2 809 3.3 220.0 129.4

~:O~tl' .......................... 31,409 68.4 40.2 67.1 25,345 70.8 41.5 72.7 19,616 78.1 .2.9 81.3

Dela\o'llre •.•••.•• j • I •••••••• 186 10(J.0 ;.2.1 101 100.0 21.9 96 100.0 22.3 M:lrJJ.a.nJ. ................ ,. .. 3,675 72·9 21.2 23- 3,552 7~.o 21..5 27.4 2,414 76.6 20.6 22.4 f)lot. of Colum11in. •......••• 570 l5.4 33.0 49·8 727 1.4 62.9 580 0·1 43.9 V~.r.~1ntn. I ••• '. I •••••••••••• 1,853 100.0 41.2 1,822 100.0 1.6;.2 1,743 100.0 45.7 WeGt V!r.;;tu:1!l .............. 510 12.0 206.0 173.5 500 15.2' 141.8 173.C 701 13.6 208.2 166.6 ::::irt:. Ca.rollilil. ••••••••••••• 2,681 37.2 22.3 81.8 1,628 15.4 63.8 90·7 1,257 21.8 (j7.2 98.5 ~Ollt1 .. Caroltrtl. ...•........• F.~3 100.0 ,?3.6 117 100.0 27.4 QOO 100.0 33.9 Qeort .. ~ln ...... ~ • " ••• I ........ 2,518 36.7 55.6 84.0 1,948 36., 47.7 78.4 (r) (r) (r) (r) FloriJ.a .................... 3,044 73·9 43.3 60.7 2,350 100.0 43.5 1,,08 100.0 49.0

!(."tuclty ...... ,. ............ 1,789 100.0 36.5 1,500 100.(; 39.0 1,362 100.0 40.6 TeMeouee- .................. 1,291 67.6 39·9 66.9 928 62.B 43.4 80.4 1,022 55.6 43.0 93.4 .'lllbu;~ ..................... 2,343 100.0 39·7 1,649 100.0 43.5 1,509 99·9 44.8 lUontop11'Pl ................ 554 100.0 46.9 610 100.0 45.l. 753 100.0 45.0

Arkansao ................... 981 ")·9 43.5 7311 9;..3 44.5 684 99·7 46.8 LQula1ann .................. 1,649 100.0 52.6 1,287 100.0 51.8 1,~57 100.0 49.3 Oltlallo'''11 • ~ •• I •••••••••••••• 1 J 504 100.0 41.4 1,242 100.0 42,9 1,174 100.0 42.1 texan ...................... 5,032 30.2 43.9 62.6 4,050 42.9 44.8 70.9 2,996 63.3 47.3 81.0

Weat .i •••• ~ •••• ." •••••••••••••• 11,816 6.7 72.2 166.2 8,866 9.4 76.0 119.8 7,6110 10·9 61. 7 155·5

Hontnna ..................... 425 100.0 44.8 421 100.0 38.6 409 100.0 27·1 !do.ho •.••••••....•..•. ~ .. ,. 274 96.4 109·3 249 98.8 149.4 288 98.6 151.1 WYOl'1lhg "' ....... ~ ...... ~ ..... 235 0·9 36.1 140 1.4 31.3 212 0·9 33.5 ColoraJ.o ................... ~ 1,104 0·9 loB.l 910 1.5 LJ.rE 106.9 923 0·7 113.6 ~:a\l Hex! co .... ~ ••••••••••••• 493 0.8 90·3 372 11.5 80.3 97·9 2'33 18.5 23.6 50·5 Art.ona ......... '" .... ~ .... 813 0.2 54.9 607 0.8 56.6 449 1.3 55.0 Utnll ••••••••••••••• 0 ••••••• 2CB 1·9 222.7 ~07 0.5 180.0 231 2.1 211.3 .Nuvuua. ..... _.t· ... , ...... ·. 22~ 9.0 66.7 155.9 20C! 10.4 92.5 164.8 172 ~·9 161.8

Waollington .••••••••••.••.•• 940 212.2 730 1.~ 229.1- 9ZT 0.9 210.4 Orcnon .• <I ••••• + ............. 891 41.4 606 43.6 681, 34.0 Cf~1rorrdu •••••• :0 • ~ •••••••• 6,018 1.0 LIFE 199·8 4,422 1.1 LIJ;'E 221.1 3(106 1·7 LIFE 193.2 Un.aU .. ~ .. , ................. 134 (3) (f) (r) (f') (1') r) (£) (r) (r)

(It) Baaed upon d!ltll. oontninC".t in Table Ar: of tId B report.

(bl .F1;;urea are baned upon unP\\blls!lE:;l do.ta.

t~ Baeed upon tlo.tn nubl1Ghcd in I1ationaJ. Prisoner Stat1p.t1~g report, ~.!n. ~ ~ Federal. Innt1tution&, !22Q.. NcJ.lana not Bl:cnm llhera m.l,m."b.~r of caGes 10 leGS tllllll 12.

(0 NE*:.llUQ of 1!1lvtll'lUrn of indetennitJo,tc.

t Datu not. !l.v~:.l.lnble. .... ~) Me.ian 1 Q W.~il.r ~l'nn ~4o months.

-.-/

56

(h) Year-end Prison Population

\

J

Table Pl. -- CHARACTERISTICS OF PRISOliERl COJIFIlIED :m S~_ PRISOlIll 011 DECEHEER 31, 1960

(ExcluJe15 AlnOY..ll ana lie.., J"crlJcy)

F{:lc!:,l P1'1:-<-J:ilJ~·;,(b)

Resbn '1:otal Sc~: (0) llao. !,jarital ntatuG (d) Birthplace (d) Prior CO'lXli:tment::;(d) nnd

c~i~~~~z~} Total State D!vor~ed United One or J.lalc Fe:r.alc Wl"ite !fon-vhltc Single f.larried or 'i-1idowed State. (e) Foreign more None

oeparnted

united States .. 185,22) 1.77,703 172,2Jt2 5,461 105; %;0 G~/m3 70,196 4f:,640 28,113 3,Bol. 156,255 1,483 'r1i,lj8 77,217

lfortt:ell!lt .......... , ..... 2D,177 24,L.33 ~~15OS 645 14,62t5 9/ bOr 13,19( &,5;10 4,Olg 620 23,922 5ll 8,444 9,BttJ

Naine .......... ~ ~ ..... '?~O Lb7 653 34 674 1;0, 355 174 1.42 1f 663 2Lr 3:2 355 lis".J' J!a:r.pst!re .. ~ ...... leO 171 1"1 - 170 te. 57 39 7 1(9 2 82 s) Verr.::;mt ............... 2(? 2t~ 2i..1 11 25:? 1 116 75 61 8 252 £ lt6 911 :·1a,.sollchUoet t::. .. , ...... 1,953 1,"26 1, )3:'; no 1,472 ":;( Ij.::r~:H 46) 317 37 1,784 44 1,2:);:, 592 nr.ode IoWa .......... l.o3) :;:~4 279 5 239 ':'5 155 87 33 6 278 6 202 82 Conr.cctiC'Ut. ........... 1,4,)7 1, .. 21 1,356 "; 11 0'2..1. !tOO 7eO 322 254 35 1,394 27 £04 017

Irev Y~r;: .............. 15J~a7 1:,65) 13J214 1045 71 52(, 6,133 7,629 • ~"3 1,971 276 13,328 331 5,(;2~ U,Oj7 Pcnns:tl'lan1a ... f·····. 7,E02 6,.12: 5,;i26 195 3,265 2,855 3,031 1;635 1,J.72 235 6,054 69 (.,) (11)

!!:;rtt. Central. ............ ,0,516 48.1 7}2 ;'7,4.1.3 lJ379 ~2/1.23 1(1,369 22,194 14,9::'1 10,4[6 1,161 48,2104 5£8 2t~,675 22,1l7

Oli1,::. .................. U,104 10,5G6 1'),,231 365 tJ,46g 4,107 4,42~ 3,472 2J38C 315 10,527 109 t /lu5- 4,428 Iniiana. ~ .............. 4 ..... ~ ~ .. 5~j05 5,450 5,:71 79 4,1"" 1,286 2,404 1,7cO 11161 125 5,413 ,- 3,c,)T 2,353 -, IUillO:L, , ............. :',::")} J,CSS) 8, 7t.<~ 290 4,)27 4,532 4,233 2,8G9 1,713 24, 8,949 llO 4,61r) 1.,410 ltlch1can ............ ~ . :l,CC? g~~f~ ~.,)£:1 307 f),o5C 3,~~ 4,1.92 2,4::2 2,47;; 183 :9, lOG 182 4,973 4,315 ~linconcir. .............. 2,'{84 2J U,? 64 1,717 1,043 490 60'4 41 2,154 29 1,122 1 , °61.

HlrmcG,'}tu ............. 2,G6: 2,CC:~ 1,:i;J:4 64 1,746 '17 997 ~st 476 49 2,026 3, t;ITe 1,040

ic-..:a. ....... ~ .......... 2,23': 2,174 2,1l6 58 ~;£X~ i96 855 57) 57 2,162 12 1,060 Niccouri .............. 3,6.'~ :~1(:"5 3/5t7 53 1,20;> 2,lE~ 1,J t7 74 13 3,tZ! 14 1,)84 1,661 ::::trth Dn~;.)ta .......... 248 2~S 246 " 1,?6 ;;2 ll5 71 54 6 zY 12 1112 lOfi n~utt! Va~;otn. .......... 527 ;::6 5~6 - 322 204 252 164 94 1( 522 4 327 199 I;cbraf>:;,a .............. l,l2c:' 1,::52 1,i'LE 40J 955 297 475 347 389 41 1,241 II 6~3 619 i~n1jn.s ................. 2,::1: 2,:'0-:: 2,~62: I.E 1,£.35 413 1,016 ,68 Itul 6-: 2,295 13 1,443 865

S.luth • ••• 1 •• •••••••••••••

72,S71. ;2,556 70,36} 2,1)3 ::1,211£'i 35,310) 2?,653 23,634 10,541 .... ,7.1+3- 72,280 276 2:3,:25 2),OC6

Delalmre .............. 21: 212 2':;7 5 77 135 128 70 7 7 210 2 143 69 !m-ylan,l .............. ~,2:1i; S,LEl 4,978 1li':< .l,B31 3,290 2,(;68 1,151 1,170 1;,2 5,100 21 3,356 1,7(;:'

~~:~~~! ~f>c~:~~~:~~:: 2, (}:'r 2,'0:4 1,;,3.7 )7 ~':2 .l,7Jt2 1,125 839 61 9 2,030 " 1,330 704 6~ll:1 (,l27 5,,-!5 ~52 2~(2:1 3,502 3,1::0 1.703 1,.c·94 210 t,,12T - (g) (c)

'.:C£1t Virginia ••••••••• 2,4::'>7 2,:'O~ 2,;62 43 2,0114 :(1 1.,3(;2 £16 200 27 2,;:)) 6 1,036 1,36) l{:)rtt. Car;)lina ........ t),'l~!t 6,71t (',510 205 3,lll 3,607 3,202 2,le-4 1,1058 2711 t',712 & 2.1 8)5 3,523 S!;)uth Carolina ........ 2,fJ)7 i: , OTI 1,:)55 ll" 1,152 )25 907 Bo, :=01 56 2,075 2 l,061 1,016 G<.:org!a (rr:::::::::: : 6, )~.~~ t,9~5 6,/14 211 ~,~~ 3,963 (g)

2jf.§ (g) (g) 0,955 - 19l igl fl~rit..a 7,li~ 7,113 (,825 285 :,')2;; 3,1()B :,01; 1,524 233 7,053 30

}:Cptu,;::V .............. Z,:,-,S §;£~i ':J5:1 5'l 2,7((, 832 1,L~5 1,529 3ll 73 3,594 4 1,716 1,02.2 T.mr.cscce ............. ::,1?11 3,055 7,; 1,'120 1,2ll 1,222 l,l71 603 135 3,120 5 1,G17 1,;14 AJ.aotl.-",n, ................ 5,2t:} 5, :tl 5,11., 21;; 2,152 3,2Q? 2,3)9 2,0'.)5- 761 196 5,,(1 - :,~t, 2,048 l·:Jcc1oa!ppi ........... l,:r,. 1,)75 1,944 ,1 612 1, :u3 880 995 91 9 1,975 - 1,:31

Ar::nr:cac ......... ~ ..... 2,t01G 2,Cll 1, -'~5 5':, l,llO '.):)1 ',SG 715 489 51 2,004 7 1,065 946 l:r.;t;.1cinr.n ............. t,74} !,1:2 ~;~i3 ~1 1,27; 2,451 1,(32 1,550 430 70 :,722 10 1,'174 1,758 O':.l11ho;~.a .............. ~,(;1J 2,c1<6 70 1,£5? 7e9 1,'214 905 #27 42 2,61'5

176 1,44; ~/:199

TL':>,nc •••• 1 •••••••••••• 1l,'S.OS 11,~::b 10,)70 ;:2:/ 7,*73 :,::,5 4,220 4,£53 2,016 21, ll,1.32 1,724 ~,5B4

;:et.':. ...................... }~,(;(;,~ ;1,';-"22 00,378 ',044 24,~25 7, :i7 5,163' ?,427 3,o5'r 280 11,139 lea 15,bJ4 16,228 ---1,:Jntar.a ............... ISJ: (", 5~-l~ 7 .. :9 114 28J. 1 .. 2 156 21 590 1" 361 242 ~-

Idllt.-" ................. 54) 548 5,5 1; 457 6, 197 148 Jill 22 541 ., 301 247 :;:r~!!'.l!1t ............... ;3i] :',C ",8 - 317 21 121, 123 8, 4 :35 " 169 149 C)lorauo ............... 2 j ,:,l.l l,~',i';L 1,)51 31 2,751 239 838 566 559 27 1,919 II 1,U6 872 ::e'W Hc.:!!co ............ 1,21;'3 1,2::-' 1,210 29 1,105 134 557 4;0 230 22 1,237 2 542 6J7 .Ar1%ol'la ••••••••••••••• 1,510 1,514 1,475 3J 1,145 369 6.'2 583 277 1'2 1,1170 44 798 716 ~l~~, ........ " ......... 5~H 551 541 10 502 49 238 187 III 15 545 6 265 .86 1.eva:a ... ···.·· .. ·i··· 413 4ll 408 , :::4 77 161 161 75 14 404 7 ~Cl 210

;:a~r inat-on ~ ••••• ~ 4 •••• 2,455 2,450 2,33~ ,6 1,;122 528 1.,125 506 157 62 2,l.!.~5 15 1,:~2 l,UC Crcg!)r. ................. 1,722 1/122 1,6~o 52 1,562 160 637 116~ 583 (~5 .... ,636 2() 1,126 S96 C .. l,i::'jl'oia ............. 21,574 19,965 19,149 816 14,806 5'~Xg (6) (g) (g) (g) (0) 9,2c% 10,679 l!atl'A1i ................ 591 591 583 8 125 390 ll8 71 12 557 ~4 175 416

(a.)

(0)

Fi(!lU'cn includ.e 35 :medical b:larded -priacmers in 1-':assachuecttD, 3 'Federal :prisoners .,ere boarded in Pel'lnsylYania, pne in Minsouri, 43]. in the District or Columbia, one in Oreson, nnd .$2 j.n Ha'lJ8.:11.. P1nuren inelude 15 I!1ed1efll boarded pr1nonern in :.!assachuDettSj oJ.so 1ncl.uded are 3 Federal priooners boarded in Pennsylvania, 1 in 1-11saou:r11 ll2H; in tte D:Lntrict of Col,tunbia, one in Oregon} and 32 in F.awall.

(c) Tt1r~e female pris:mera from Wyomna. and 5 i'rom Soutn Dakota. were boarded in nebraska; one !'rom. South llakota. was boarded in C~l:Jra,1oj 2 from Ue'" lie.n:JPnhire were boarued in Verr:tOnt.

Cd) F:1gurea include, d1ctl.'i'butcd proportionately, priaonero for whom data , .. us lioted as IInot xP""OrtedU or "unkr.owl'. Figu,rea £:>1' the United Staten ana, in n~~ call!:?c, i'Qr the )'CF.,itmBffl.-re nQt addlti\"e W the "'.!:'kl" col\Unn~

!~! Includes- Continental Unitell Stateo, Hawaii, tind Puerto Rico. FiflUl'<:G eot1!nated. Data not tlvailab1e. F.;(ftct datil n:::t u'/nilo:hle; :lOHe·"cr, oa..-::e--< on 9. 10 pcrc~nt car.l;lco, 3,OCB pr1.sone-r:;. lm.d liO prior CCJ;:i'.itments, "hUe 3J U5 h!lJ. one or t'.ore.. (0)

57

•

r.::!cion and

Gtate

Tat'le Pl. -- CHARACTERISTICS OF PRISO!rERS COIlFInED nl STATE PRiSONS ON DECEMBeR 31, 1960 - Continued

(Excludes Alazka and lfel( Jerney)

Fc1.ony Prin')n.crll- - continued(a)

Offcnze

!.a.rccny, t,xC'cpt .Auto a.t,.t.o ttcft ,'fer.oca

D."1..:' ,La .....

other

Sontenco 1ength(C}

fI.edtnn age 1-!nximum

(in yeara) Definite 01' inde­(median) to_nate

ttd't

Eobczzle­F..ent,

fraUd ar .. c.. forgery (modian)

,-+----1 United Otat~:, ••• 20.,·1,;..,J 29,511.. 6,717 42,571 l6.,,~(~ :,01.0 1),ll9 l4,185 9.1414 9,S64 30.8 97.6 1~8.8 1,526

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ tbrtt.C'act ..... tH ••• " .... 2,-:'04 ~,4:0 l,658 5,0'/2 2,1 •. ~t:. 954 1,015 2,729 1.,533 1,242 30.2 LIF:E: 101.5 3,74~

l::air.e •••••••••••••••••• t;ew H9.;:;pr.hire •••••••••• V<->m~Jnt , •••••••••••••••• l·.lau:n.:.!fu£f:tta •••••••••• Fn·o,~·: leland .••••••..•• C,)r.nectlGut. ••••••••••••

50 182 (3 26 72 ~o6 74 27.9 LIFE 55.3 63 ~4 59 II ~4 22 8 30·3 57.7 82.4 9 ~:1 66 19 10 33 50 28 30.( LIFE 49.4 9

120 3(7 )1 G4 47 273 46 95 29.6 LIFE 99.9 125 22 c12 9 8 18 39 5 20 27.1 43.2 155 ") JCl, 72 101 76 167 91 172 29.7 LIFE 87.6 76

!I~'" Y.)r'!.: ~ ••••••••••••• , Fenn;:;:I!.varr!.a •••••••••••

I::.:trttl Certral •••••••••.••.

01.1',) ~'"'''''''''''''''' InrJiana •••••••••••••••• Illin.iic ••••••••••••••• !·1:!.cl.ic:an ••••••••••••••• ~;1!:''':'.)r,::;in ••••••••••••••

J.a":nc.,.::;t'.l. •••••••••••••• I:. '8. •••••••••••••••••••

!·:1::t"Ul"1 ••••••••••••••• t:.'nl'r I'la:~,:;tn ........... . 3~\lt:. Da1:-) l' ••••••••••• l~eb:ra, . ..a. •• , •••••••••••• lCar.:.!.u; •••••••••••••••••

Sout~ .••.•••••••••.•••.•••.

lJe!n:,-are ••••••••••••••• tra.:r-.rlanLi •• " •••••••••••

~;~~~!~~ (d):~::n:·~:~.::: ::e;::t. Virginia ....••••.• r."!"t;. Ca..""":llina ••..•••.. $:::il.l,tl. r'ur')li!":o. •••••••••

~~~~t~~ fa)::::::::::::: Kentuc::y ••••••••••••••• T1;r.neocee •••••••••••••• Alabs.::n •••• , ••••••••••• Hil:!oi(o£ipri ...•••••.•..

Arl.an.::;u!;; ••••••••••••••• Wnipil1no. .............. . v.:J.a1;~~ ••••••••••••••• Tc:~Al:J .................. .

)J012

1,0):# 020

lJ304 'JC2 12(·

: .... ,2~1

45 511 lTT

1.,C75 2 )

l,j7(, 1..65

1,;:'&1 }n

2Jl.O~~ ~J2

21 S'P 1.,3:'11

1)~

42 1,C)0

"02 l.,Olj!j

17S 5:31 In t2j 9./1

702 453 ,CS 217

(6 )6T :52

1., i3S 807

1, ()tj1t 6),0

2,4;~ 2,223

664 1,258

7(6 3,000

371. 417

1,051 21ltS

2,0)4

1 172 140 ),51

a 345

2 10)7 373

80 56

514 1,371 1,216 606 29.7 LIFE 101.4 241 701 175 239 31.9 LIFE ll3.2

(;,067

1;269 717 4C6 842 32,

10 274 158 313 314 483 90

c23 475

401 212 4'-2 148

2,G88 31.1 ll9.3 159.0

.470 1.39 846 913 25~

422 18

879 463

439 32.3 LIFE 250.2 444 31.3 LIFE 150.7 162 30.8 378.7 180.4 693 '1.1 LIFE 144.9

218 lea 247 27 32

44

15 12 35

70 7 102 II

5,161 2,193

217 2~.2 51.,

97 188 125 17 47

llO 120

3,643

29.8 31.0 29.9 32.6 29·7 29·9 30.8

LIFE LIFE 71·7 ~.o 44.4 55·2

417.4

88.7

10 6 5 ?9.0 ,4.7 303 163 571 28.9 66.3

t~~ ';g l;f §i:~ igt~ 139 3 130 30.9 LIFE 59> 13 565 30., 74.6 186 7 147 31.9 95.9 473 24 174 30.3 166.1 !.6? '(8 509 29.5 76.1

263 22 267 31.5 e2.5 235 12 163 31.1 86.0 26B 34 340 30.7 94.6 166 1 48 ;:0.8 91.6

131.6 147.6

75. 4

46.6 171.·9

~·3

41.0 82·9

181.1 112·9

127.8 97·1

265 G 251 167 II 115 31.0 79.6 347 27 263 226 496 31 29.7 93.0 261 168 1,02 195 19 75 31.0 71.5

1,262 61 1,522 683 914 379 30.3 58.4

1,628 1,679

1,753

508 55

140 314 601

59 53

1 17 5

318

6 195

3

2 16 20

12

3 8

:; 17 31

Heat ••••• -0 ••••••••••••••• '1-_2:.., ;:,,!O."_4:-I--.:5,:'_2:..5~_' +_1':..2..:."_S+_6:..'_l3..:.'-t_2':..1_D_G--11-1:..'_05:..:3--:1-:..5''':'15-::88_~-t_2:..,_47:-3_1--:..3,:..7_82_+_1.:.,9:..9_1--11-:..3:..1_, 3:...-+.:.512.,-'_0-t_2_O.:.5...:. 3:"'-1--1...:,:..711:"" __ -1 J,C,ntana ................ 3G 1.7 12B 74 19 ~ 60 2 35 33.9 63.0

t;~~ln~':::::::::::::::: ~a i~ li 1§!;. ~t 10 i~i ~ i i~ ~~:~ ~ C.,l:lra.1:) ...... ......... 15? 343 54 413 155 68 144Q 1'":6 BG 1'~? 29.2 LIFE !;~tr !,Jexlc~.J ............. 11';1 1~1 53 183 11i~ 78 279 79 84 92 27.1 LIFE Arizbna 4............... 13V 19) 10c j12 1.88 13 305 119 96 106 30.2 LIFE utah ................... ltl 01; 27 122 '02 ~69 47 10 !.9 30.2 LIFE nevada •....•..••••.•..• 50 '/'2 15 8, 4, 57 39 24 22 29.8 ll5·2

,;o.c,bingtan ••••••••••••• Crel!.)n ................. . Ca.l.L'ornia ••••••••••••• n. .... aii ......•.•••....••

155 272 12) 57C 1,05 220 2S5 185 25 196 30.4 120 212 6:5 355 163 45 417 152 19 176 31.9

1,,6c, :,798 -i2T 3,528 791 593 3,076 1,503 3,4ll 1,169 31.8 42 54 26 2)4 19 1 ?2 91 22 10 29.6

LIFE

137·]. 49·9

122.0 ~.4 85·5

253·2 155.6

222.2 59.2

228.2 274·9

(a)

(b) (e) (d)

Fi~E1 include 15 r::edical. coarded priooners in 1,b~[lact.u~etts; a1$0 included are 3 Federal prisoners boarded 1n FennGy1.vaniaJ one in l>Usnouri., 1128 in the District o.f' Co1umbia, one in OreGOn., and 32 in P.Q.wa.11. Include::; miederr.eana.ntu, juveniles) un~cnten::eu. :rrinonerc, prinoners with 1nue!'in1te sentenceD and :priooners under centence ot" death. I,te'.U.an not Qh'Jwn ,{here nUJn~:!: ":If caf:es in lenc ti'~.n 12. Nedians are in t1:.lnths. FiUUl"f:ll estimated. --

58

1

81 9 2 2 2

T<ltal

----- - -----

').\,',,10 P.? -- TIre MID IllJICTI! OF SEllTENCE OF FELOlIY PIlISOl/ERl COllFINED Df STATE PllISO!IS Oll DECEMBER 31, 1960

(Excludes A1n~;:a and llcw Jeroey)

Iength 01' a.efinite sentence Iength ..1f nax1.'4Um of indetel"lllinate sentence felony 1.1: d.i

:Region prisonero 6 UlOntl1s 2 j"ellrO 5 year!> 10 years 20 yearn f:!;~!~~t: 6 monthe 2: yearo ;. ye'lrG 10 years 20 years ae~te:e s:~e c:Jni'lncd Total U11l'el' 5Uyre1:;.. lUO"ydee: ... <" under ."o.v:dr LIFZ lcnctll Total under ut.d.er under under and liVE 1engtb (n)

________________________ +-______ #-______ ~2-y-O-ar--._r----~-"_1-----~--"+_2-0-l"'--er-n_+_" ____ _1-------~(~in~mJ=.n=t=h=C~)~----#_!-y-e-a-rs_1-5--Y-ear--c_+-1_a_Y_e_ar_C~2-0--Y-ear--c+_--ov-e-r--+_----_1~(i=n=="'="=t=hS=)~

1>a1ne .................. . lie\( lJn.mpshlrc ................. .. Vermont .......................... .. }.nosachuflctt:.J ................ .. Rhode Island ................... .. Connecticut ................... " ..

United States ••... ~1~~17~,~7~03~~6~2:,9~6~3~t_~5,~3~0~7~-1-8~,-29~9~+-~12~,~5~5_4~-9~,~3~0-O--~O~',-~~9~+_~-0=,8~5-4--~~9~7-.6---f1~14~,~7_40~-1~,~1~9-4_1-1-6~,~3-~'3~~3~0~,5~2~1~~3~8~,~87~1~~1~7,~88~2-+_9~,~9~3~9_t~1~4=8~.8=-~ lIortheast ....• .••••...•...•. 24,1'3:; 1,283 ll3 126 101 3() 17 83& LIFE 23,150 109 5,053 9,268 5,159 2,642 919 101.5

~--6~8~7-*--~4-1-*------+-----~----·~~----4------+--~41~+-~LUE==--+-~C4~6~-----+--~3~~~~~12~8~~--1~~~----~44~------~~5-5.-3---1 171 45 1 23 10 1 10 57.7 126 2 42 51 20 II 82.4 260 13 1 1 II LIFE 247 38 121 64 18 6 49.4

1,828 187 7 Q ", 1 127 LUE 1,641 10 215 896 343 13~ 43 99.9 284 284 101 77 [,. 20 17 , 43.2

1,421 140 14 4' 2 81 LUE 1,281 362 605 225 89 87.6

11e,.. York ............................ 1:: 1-(5) LIFE 13,523 48 2,964 5,431 2,868 1,383 829 Pennsylvania .....•...• 0- u,123 1 6 LUE 5,686 II 9'17 2,093 1,583 975 47

lIorth Cer.tral ...•.•..•••••.• f-_I.a...:,_7.:.92 __ ll-l~1:..,~92~1:....j'l_--6-(.:.5___1~3~,-4-18--_l_--1,:..:9-00--+_-1,~u.:.5_4 __ t_~.::,-2-B7=-+_-2:..:,9~9.:.7--+_-ll...;..9~.3=-~.:3~6,:..:e.:.7-1.JI__--2.:3~3_1--~~,-:4-78--+_.:.9=,2-0-0--~1...:3.:.,=93=0_1---B~,5=0-6_t--..:5-2-4_1--1.:.5.:..9-.0--~ 006 906 LIFE 9,6~q 21 624 1,204 2,623 5,218 250.2 Or.io ., ..•..•••.•.•..•..

Indiana .•.....••.•..•.. !llin.)is- .............. . Hiot,igan •••••••••••.••• 1(iG.:!~nGin ••••••••••••••

l·l1nnes;)ta •....••....••. I::>wa ................... . 111u:;:'lU!"1 ••••••••••••••• n~rtl: Dai:ot::!. ••••••••••• Soutll Da.::;)ta ....•.•...• Nebra.c:'a •••••.••..•.••• Kancac ................. .

SJut~ ••.•••••••••••••••••.•.

Delao.rare •••••.••••••••• Haryland .••..•••.••••••

~~:~~~ (g5. :~~~~:~. : : : 11e~t VirginIa ......... . l!"rth (a.r~l.1nfl ••••••• 0-. 5(luth Carolina •.....•..

~~~r~ (bC:::::::::: Kentuc:~ ••••••••••••••• Tcnnesoee ••• 0- ••••••••••

A1c.ba.ma •••.•.••..•..••. l'iio!:l1oaiIJPi .0- •• 0- ••• 0-, ••

Arkanoao .•..•...••..• 0-. Loulalnna .0- •••••• 0- 0- ••• 0-

O::.laho",," ••••••••••••••• '!'e,xas ••••••••••••••••••

EJ')o: 2,174 3.1'645

248 526

1,252 2J30S

212 5J121 2,031, 6,127 2,405 cJ 7le :1, oj( 6,955 7,113

3,591> 3,131 5,361 1,975

2,Oll 3,732 2,648

ll,308

:;44 41 16 7 309 20 1'51 LIFE 4.(,c6 '0 1, ~3 2,148 705 150.7 1,G"2 Co 6, ~a6 355 773 53~28 378.7 7,367 71 1,649 2,434 2,259 516 "38 108.4

719 ~ 15 96 ~ , LIFE 8,569 1,609 1,818 4,1.34 965 43 ~44.9 2,18, 252 1,093 468 172 128 70 51.7

103 2 96 L:ITE ~ ~ LIFE

3,645 1 1,636 953 496 265 294 71.7 75 7 22 10 II 6 19 1ll.O

521 ~31 228 95 35 12 17 44.1) 937 1~7 34G 240 III 31 40 55.2 203 ~ ~ 3 6) 48 81 417.4

47,53$ 4,466 ~4,446 ~o,145 7,300 5,258 5,923 88.7

212 I),OS2

209 6,127

414 2,238 2,07T 3,014 5,442

3,598 1,939 5,361 1,975

36 62 45 ~8 8 :?3 51).1 89~ 1,02~ m 7~~ 36~ 25~ 1~:~ 295 1,765 1,440 ~,053 1,085 489 101.8

2 14 78 29 291 LUE 595 477 193 230 292 451 74.6 279 432 464 359 19d 295 95.9 125 737 512 '46 385 909 166.l. 535 1,796 1,399 763 515 434 76.7

401 1,154 652 394 312 68" 82.5 172 686 257 345 346 :l§3 86.0 539 1,572 989 978 787 496 94.6 152 G02 443 253 11)0 385 91.6

2,000 124 ~" 465 321 176 190 79.6 3,732 137 987 ).,351 795 215 247 93.0

173 5

315 2,105

25,018

1,069 1,825

1,991 4,480

3,971 1,671

II

7 ll4

18 2

306 82

72

2

9~ 112

66 1

222 71

4,965

483 579

3 685

544 398

200

1

819 583

80 1

64 471,

8,204

191' 658

133 1,683

1,:;64 631

421

4

621 1,006

22 3

10 1,104

7,333

77 369

1,(,88 1,282

1,194 383

2

384 266

1 4~6

6 III

167 758

869 151

204

4

35

8

473

61

7

131.6 147.6

75·4

46.6 174·9

1ll·3

41.0 82·9

~81.1 112·9

127.8 97·1

2,64e 167 1,054 538 384 265 240 71.5 2,;00 15 ~,,,93 48~ 178 234 399 58.4 8,808 25 2,0~ 3,ll3 1,960 1,239 379 104.5

\loot •••••••••••••••••••••••• f-:..31.:.,--:922 ___ n __ 2...:'...,22_1 __ U-__ 63~+--.:3:,.0:..9-l,----.:3.,-4_a+ __ .:.31_6 __ +-_8,..7 __ +-1~,_0.:..98 __ +_5:..12 __ ,O __ +2~9.:.'~70_1*~3:..16 __ +_2.:.,8_3=7-1f--.3=,_B4..:9_l-12....:.,4_4.:9.-+--=3~,2_2.:.5-t_8_,_0_23_+-_20.:.5_._3--,--l 603 603 53 241 149 101 40 19 63.0 I·bntana •••••••••••••.••

Idaho .•.•. 0-. 0-.0 •••• 0- •••

lIyoming ...••...•.....•• Colorado. 0- ••••• 0- •••••••

llew Hexic.:) .•••....... 0-. Arizona.o- ..•• 0- •••••••••

Utah ...•••••.••...•••.• lTevada .......... 0- 0- ••••••

~{a!Jhington 0- •• 0- 0- ••••• 0- ••

Oregon ••••••••••••••••• Cali1'Ocrnia 0-' 0- ••• 0- • 0- 0- • 0- 0-

Hawaii •••••••••••••••••

54a 532 1 65 174 204 44 44 135.3 ~ ~ ~ LIFE

1,990 78 4 74 LIFE 1,239 46 46 LIFE 1,514 53 53 LUE

551 32 9 20 LIFE 4ll 62 5 3 25 2 27 ll5.2

2,450 1,722

19,965 591

801 SOL

~?-) NO'\ians not flh!.J\(ll where numbex- of caGes is ~CSD than 12. (h) l.'igureo eotil:nted.

;,

16 324

1,912 1,193 1,461

519 349

2,45() l,~2 1~,164

591

52 17 21 50 1 1

2 153 265 197 428 17 19

2 714 29 II

5

6~ 41)2 593 J.41 99

79 1,18

1,284 69

7 28

712 290 263 82

18T

J.,343 227

9,169 141

1 31

169 214 ll7 173

6

902 77

1,204 331

1 3

87 29 10

).05 37

124 124

7,475 28

222.2 59·2

228.?-274.9

',;-

Table ~3.--'l:IME SERVED BY FElIXI'( PllI~OllE!l:> aO;n'IlIUOUSr,y CO:lFItlED III STATE PllISONS all DECEMBER 31, 1960, l!Y TYPE AlID LElIGTII OF SENTENCE

R~,;lon

and Gt!lto

Prisoners 'Wit.b .1ef1nite nentencc:

Percent or ~ll

prIsoners

Prisoner. 1il.~h ~ndetennlnate .enten.e (a)

U"!tc i :'tatoo ........... 1-1_,_0_, 7_0_2+_ll_9_.0_t-_1_6_. '_-+ __ 1...:3_;9~--l1-_55..;,_91_:?+ __ 37...:._1-! __ 9_2_.9_-l-__ 1-.:7_a=--I-9~. 790 62.9 139.4 16.4

......................... j-2_0,_2_71-+_10-,1,...I-"--1-_1_8',..?-,.-+ __ 18_._6_ll-1_,_16o---'f-_5_.,_t-_LI_I'S_-t ___ 6_7_.0_+-"...:,_lU--if-_9_4._3_l-.-...:99_._3_+ __ 1S_ • ..;7--1

607 5B.6 U.6 19.8 41 6.8 LII'S 94.5 566 9302 56.2 10.8 {·!:line ••••••• ~ •••• ~ •• ~ ••••• # ••••

He!; ·~at_·.<.:.lr(· • ~ •• , •••••• ,. j ••••

1ll"l!lOIlt •••••••••••• OJ ••••••••••

Maocllc:ltu..oetttl ." ... " ••••••• " ...... F:.OI.:t.> !l:ll..O.n0. ••••••••••••••••••• Conrlt;'~tJ.l"ut ••••• , ••••••••••••••

:iew York •••••••••.•••••••••••• o

Pt-un.;".lvnr.la •••••••••••••••••••

rSortl. Central ••••••••••.•••••••••.

Ohio ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• I>lJfann •••••••••••••••••••••••• ll11uol:J ......................... . ~rt~r!'!ln ••••••••••••••.••••••.• \.,lo"Qucit). ••••••••••••••••••••• ~

N,irdleoot.') •••••••••••••••••••••• rOlla ••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••• loll.t:'oouri • ~ ..................... . r:crt h 1l1kotEt ••••••••••••••••••• .. ;out,:.1 D~:c.i.n. ••• ~ ••••••••••••••• Hc-bl'O.:;ka ••••••••••••••••••••••• KD.nOD-ll •••••••••••••••••••••••••

~Jutl} •••••••••••••••• " ••••••••••••

Dol!lllllr(,' ................ , •••••••• !·'!aryla,nJ. '" ••••••• 4 ••••••••••••

~~~~in~~ Cfi~~':~.:::::::::::::: ~w('llt Vir ~ln1n ........... 0 •• ,. ••••

!:or~:; CJ,rolin3. ••••.•••• ~ •••. , •• t;outl~ Cflro11nt~ •• 0- ••• 0- ••••••••••

~~~i~: (i,')"::::::::::::::::::::: 'Kent",l~~,V ................... ~ ••••• Tt:if!t.e~oec ...................... . AlIlb!lJT'.n ....................... I"

loUo~iDG1}'i'1 ............... r •••••

Arltnnstt/1 •• ~ ......... f ...... ' ••••• Lomn1.unll •• t ••••••• '" ......... .

OklahO,'n!1 ." ••••••••••••••••••••• Te~as .", •••• ~ ••• " •• " •• " ... t ••• O.

118 8".9 11.3 13,~ 13 U.O LIFS 108.0 105 89.0 79.3 10.3 210 '.8.9 10.8 22.1 10 4.8 200 95.2 47.4 10.,

1.512 105.5 l'l.? 16.3 160 10.6 LIFE 55.4 1,352 89.4 101.6 16.3 2119 39.5 10.5 26.6 249 100.0 39.5 10.5

1,~24 92.7 14.5 15.6 121, 10.1, LIFS 44.0 1,,100 89.9 69.0 13.0

11,460 4,0'11

l~5 -l"J761 1,717 4,944 1,B31 5,444 1,S07 71107 7J1l3

3,301 2,748 4,471 1,('9

11766 3,11+5 2,432

llJ307

9).7 11[;.0

150.8

(e) 161.9 1~9.0 153.0

50.4

1;6.4 14').6 69.2 77.3 1,1~.2

)~.4. 1::;3.0

56.4 55·'" 65.0 97 ••

191.C 101.1, Q~' e 1io:4 L4.0

'~(~.8

btl.o 64.4 ~7.5

18.0 18.1 130 1.1 LIFE 123.6 U,350 98.9 98.8 l7.8 26.3 22.3 433 8.9 LIFE U6.2 4,438 91..1 110.1 23.5

11.3 U.5 la, 71;::3+_2:.:5:.,.. 7:"'--j--=12:.:5..::.9:"--l-_.::.2=1:;:.O~t-=30:::,!.';9::::92=-t-_7!.4:.;,.::.3 -t_-=1::..54:.;,.1=--l-_..:.1:;:6::;.,::...-j

18.8 (f) Ba8 9.2 LIFE Bl.~ 8,177 gO.8 (e) 16.7 21.:; 13.3 787 19.4 LlJi'E 57.6 3,~79 SO.6 141.6 18.6 22.3 16.6 1,649 19.6 (0) 57.1 6,759 SO.4 101 .. 5 19.1 16.2 10.6 650 8.2 L;rFE 135.0 7,314 91.8 142.8 14.6 9.4 18.7 1,552 100.0 50.4 9.1,

17.8 14.1 96 5.7 LIFE 16.2 10.8 78 4.2 LIFS 13.1 16.9 3,422 100.0 69.2 13.8 1'1.9 72 32.1 112.5 11. 7 26.5 "93 99·0 43·9 10.6 ~o.6 887 76.5 46.2 14.1 7.6 199 10.8 (oj

17.8 42,214 56.0 82.4

30.5 195 100.0 56.4 29:r 3,183 19.5 66.2 22.1 173 10.1 loG. 5 22.3 1',9"" 100.0 97.7 11.6 349 19.1 LIFE 13.5 1,864 34.2 57.9 21.9 1,So7 100.0 92.8 15.4 2,399 47.0 114.6 19.9 5,4101 75.) 78.2

(aJ (S) 3.3.3. 14.0 11.7 11.4 42.9

16.3

3,307 100.0 74,2 15,2-1,7e2 64,8 S1.C> 16.9 ).,411 100.0 7,).6 15.2 1.,849 10(}.O 86.3 17.1

1,715 99.4 76.3 15.0

1,584 1,Sol

152 5

2'13 1,648

21.,750

978 1,5.4

1,462 3,5SO

II

35.2

0.6

118.6 143·9

72·9

54.5 169.3

105.9

00.3 SO.5

lSO.3 107.0

108.7 97.1

110.8

16.9 15.5

13.8

8.8 12.6

16.S

14.7 23·1

19·9 14.4

14.S 14.2

16.6

3,145 100.0 0<:.0 17.5 2,432 100.0 64.4 12.8 -2,498 22.1 58.4 11.2 8,809 7709 l04., 19.4

l1eot .............................. 1-=2:.;4:.-, 7:.:6:,..:"+-.:1::9.:9.:.:7:':"'l--..:.1:.5':.,:O_-+_--.:7.;:.5:"--Jl-..:1::,.:.S,..:'5+_..:7..;.4_+_..:(.:.eJ:'-_l--,"""21=.O:.-+...:22::,:::93:;7+-.:9:..2.:..:.G-l __ l.:..98.:...:'1~-+~.::.1...:4.:..7~-l 62.G 8.4 13.4 486 100.0 62.6 8.4 l~ontn.na ., ~ •••••••••••••••••••••

1d31;.0 •••••••••••••••••• "0-""" Wyam.1n.: 0- 0- ••••••••••••••••••••••

Cl'llo'l,"Q,J.o ....................... . H~'\I I,texico ..................... . llri,.ono. ...................... " ••• Ut3.~J .................. e •••••••••

;"V!td'l •••••••••••••• ~ ••••••• ~ ••

Wnuhtn''!,ton ,"' ~ •••••••••••••••••• Ore~;oll ••••••••••••••••••••••••• Cll:f.fornia. •.•.•••••••••••• I " /0 •

lIn:waii •• ~ •••• ~, •• ,.'

1086 1,,4 334

1,615 1,CG-Z 1,460

406 395

1.946 1, 51t1f

I f',&:4 m

1'4." 11.9 8.9 4SO 97.~ 134.4 18.0 51.(, 10.1 20.7 13 3.9 LIFS ,8.0

12~.' 1?S. 8.4 72 4.5 LIFE 65.0 112.:> lv •. , 14.1, 42 3.9 LIFI! 74.5

6t:,.j' 13.3 15.3 1"7 3.2 LIFE 49.2 (<» 12.). (il 31 6.4 LIFE 61.2

154.l 12.6 b.d 59 14.9 U8.7 21.7

225,,:) 58.~,

22').ti (e)

5.J 'JO c;.

"7:3 Cl)

4.1 64.0

{n.} }'tedinns and pe~eht~:;et\ not anO"Jn ","herE! n\l.!Ill:er of case!;; i6 leaa tl:-n 12 .. (D) Median sentence len5ths for a:lJ .. rl'!EJOneru confIned 6',I"ulJ not he ~o!!1pared from State-to-Statc, ber;Bt,lSe the medians

01' the 1ndete:tm1nate centencQ'u a.re CQ,:;kUl,1ted f;r(f.ll the maximum::: J W~jlch nre rtot e:}.uivalent to de1'l1lite acntcncca. i.t') Percent of pet1ians. ~ the t\f:) median~' 'being com'tl6.t'eu .are Cased ~n {!'X'Qup1t1sa or different intcrval.s J

tbe percent!; can not be considered no CJo."act comparisonr;; r.owever" tLey do llluDtrate the tUff"erinc practiccs among the stateoJ as lieU &.$ ttc relationship - or lacl~ or a relatl::mshlp - betwen tim~ t;erved ana ~entence lencth.'

d~l }\edian of n'.a.'Umum Q-f indeterm:!'ne.tQ [;~ntence ... f.!edian is higher tba.n 2

'.0 m~nt!l~.

Under 1.9 percent ..

hS} Median is higher ttan leO 1".;=mtl~o ..

) Ficures estimated. 1jl Under 5·1 percent.

Under T ~O pero::ent ..

60

1,946 1,544

14,029" 313

2.8 96.1 95.5 96.1 96.8 93.6 85.1

100.0 100.0 95·9

100.0

120.0 50.0

118.8 109.2

84.3 Ce)

154.9

225.3 58.3

239·1 (el

503 10.4 16.2 15.7 12.6 11.6 11.8

13.3 12.2 ).6.2 16.8

Tub1" pI.. -- Om~I-:SE OF FELOIIY !'RI$OI:El1!l COIlTDlUOUSLY COl1FJ1lED DI STATE PRI$ONS on lJECEMIlER 31, 1960

(Excllldeo Alusl", and \fe\1 Jersey)

Offense Regi0n All felony

Iarceny;, Embezzle-and priGonaro state continuouGl:! except. Auto me.nt, Sex Drug

Other lIomicide Robbery Assault. Burglary auto theft fraud and offenses laws confined theft forgery

United States •••••• 150,702 J.8,538 24,627 7,739 35,418 14,284 5,633 15,633 12,656 8,030 8,144

Itortllea.Gt ~ '" ........ ~ ...................... 20,271 2,085 4,454 1,448 3,942 2,042 764 788 2,398 1,275 1,075

l·jainc ............................ 607 61 41 45 162 52 23 60 99 - 64 II"" 1Ia",,'''hirc ••••••••••• 118 19 12 11 36 7 - 8 19 - 6 Ve;r,rn:)nt~ ....... ~ •• '" ~ ........ 210 12' 8 21 54 15 9 25 41 - 25 Naosachusctto •••••••.••• 1,512 210 392 103 296 83 49 42 230 32 75 Rhode Island ............ 249 27 34 19 76 9 8 16 36 5 19 Connecticut ............. ).,224 119 146 42 335 56 85 62 151 79 149

!leW' Yorlt •......••••••••. 11,480 815 2,737 1,048 1,672 1,534 521 392 1,222 998 5111 Pennsylvunia ................. 4,871 822 1,084 159 1,311 286 69 183 600 161 196

Jlorth Central .............. 41,705 4,684 7,673 1,654 9,621 3,533 2,211 4,781 3,497 1,786 2,26,

Ohio ... J"'~"'."""" 9,005 971, 1,868 468 2,203 575 709 1,006 428 411 363 Indiana ................. 4,066 466 584 183 1,134 361 169 443 386 1? 328 111inoi" ................ 8,408 1,268 2,343 224 1,749 258 300 399 8:B 870 164 I,Uchican .••...•...•.. , .. 7,961, 908 1,164 325 1,637 1,075 385 669 835 • 386 580 mscon"in ............... 1,552 106 142 68 388 109 ll3 217 204 28 177

Ninn"nota ............... 1,680 152 220 94 293 291 117 211 203 15 84 Io'\m . ~ ...•..... " .... o' •• 1,879 124 179 1.) 361 224 138 449 173 II 177 lUg"ouri ................. 3,422 395 774 116 910 306 122 419 235 35 110 llQrth Datlota ............ 224 30 17 8 47 16 5 62 27 - 12 S~uth Dal~:)to. ............ 498 23 21, 13 108 79 - 174 30 - 47 Ilebrl1g1:a ................ 1,160 83 D.;! 41 269 87 59 325 65 7 105 Kanr;B.O •••••• , •••••••••• ~ 1,847 155 239 71 522 152 94 407 78 II 118 •

s )uth , •..•••...••..•• , •...• b3,964 9,740 3,673 3,,4G 17,239 6,983 1,784 5,799 4,744 2,088 3,366

Dela~1Ure: '"", ~ ••••••••••• 1~5 46 39 11 59 12 - 9 10 5 4 1·l/1.l'Y1and ................ 4,761 484 1,001 439 881 556 151 252 287 154 556 Dintl'ict 'r' Columbia •••• t:~~4 150 368 152 292 102 122 118 98 2l~ 41 Virginia a), ............ 907 773 455 1,338 517 124 261 415 107 \lent Virginia ••••••••••• 1,831 239 147 82 584 305 2 24J. 125 2 104 N01·t.h Caroline. .......... 5,444 1,096 396 273 1,294 676 284 426 508 12 479 South Car:>lina .......... 1,807 387 156 185 531 167 2 81 167 7 124 Ceorgia r ) .............. 5,107 1,048 573 310 1,672 147 347 457 388 16 149 Florida a .............. 7,113 921 957 528 2,223 580 373 475 469 78 509

Kentuel;y •••••••••• ..... 3,307 494 620 142 728 354 76 373 254 21 245 Tennoooco ......... ~ . '" ~ • 2,71,8 551 384 124 690 380 53 189 219 11 1117 Ala'ba.l1la •••. 0 ........... '.0 4,471 877 418 205 1,037 910 - 428 229 33 334 l!issioaippi ............. 1, 849 427 204 llB 510 243 1 143 154 1 48

Arl':B.noa.a , .••••... ~ .•••.• 1,786 254 166 7,) 609 222 6 250 154 11 42 Uluioiana ••••••••••••••• 3,11f5 384 425 126 993 300 22 182 203 482 28 Ot,lahoma ................ 2,432 271 316 ~1 719 250 160 392 182 19, 72 Texan ••• , ................ 11,307 1,204 1,730 273 3,079 1,262 61 2,522 882 915 379

~lcot •.••..• j ••••••••••••••• 24,762 2,029 3,827 1,091 4,616 1,726 874 4,265 2,017 2,881 1,lf36

}1nntana ,~ •••.•••••••••• ., 486 39 28 13 106 56 17 147 51 2 27 IdahO' .................. ~. 494 40 30 I1f 123 58 - 133 33 2 61 llyarning ................. 332 35 19 7 57 34 16 129 21 1 13 Colorado , ............. ~ . 1,615 12) 282 48 327 118 56 351 11l 72 121 Ne" He,dc;) .............. 1,067 llO 113 49 162 llS 68 224 69 78 79 Al'iz.ona. • ., .••......•.•••. 1,460 123 187 101 302 183 13 300 118 93 40 Utah .................... 4C6 39 70 24 1ll 27 - 144 45 10 16 l'I'evadn .................. 395 .8 69 14 86 40 - 55 38 24 21

l'Ianhiuctol1 •••••••••••••• 1,;)46 140 229 110 455 309 174 213 153 23 140 Dregon .................. 1,544 102 194 54 32(, 153 If5 367 132 17 160 California •••••••••••••• 14,624 1,193 2,578 (;43 2,456 626 485 2,158• 1,177 2,552 756 Ih,waii .................. 313 31 28 I1f 11l 7 - 114 (,9 7 2

(a) Figures estimated.

61

I I t L c

'I J

:t

c j

",.;~_.~,-,~-,"-_J.,4..liMt; G _ ~.:i

Rerion C1.fJ!]

State:

Unit€!u Stnt':!EJ ....... ..

Ilortl;c:l(;t + •••••••••••••••••••

I·faine •••••••.•••••••••••.. ~:Ci'l I!!l.'!lJ,lchlre ••••••••••••• Vemont ......•......... " .. NaGco.c.iju~et to .•........... RI.c',· Isla,," ............ .. Connecticut .............. .

:;cu york ...........•...•.. Pcnnnylvunlc. •.............

::01""'...11 Centru .....•.......•..

Ohio .................... .. In..:i1o.nn .••• , ~ .•••••••.•.•• IllinOiG ................. . 1!.1chican ...•...• f ......... . Wisryonoin •.•...•....•...•.

Minnesota lova. ..•.....••• 0' ••••••••• 1,1!s:::ouri ••••••• o. 0 ••••••••

::orth D$ota. ............... . .:out}l Daltc.tn .............. . r;ebrn:::ka ••••••••• 0., of ••••

Ka.ncau ••••••••••••••••••••

:outl ...... 00.0 ••••••••••••••••

DelCi~;o.re •••••••••••••••••• l!Jlr'JlnnJ .................. .

~i~;:i~~~ rgt~~:~.::::::::: W'cct vir .:luill ............. . l:ortll Co.ro11nl.l .•• , ••••.••. ~Out!l CarolirL!l ............ .

~~~i~ (j,j':::::::::"'::: Kentuo::k;? ••••••••••••••••.• Tcnncccce •...•.•..•..•.... Alab= ................. .. f.11sDiGGlppi .............. .

Arkansas ..•..•. o ••••••••••

Louisic.na ................. . Oklahom ................. . Texas ••••.•••••...•••.••••

West, ., •..•.•••••• , •.•••..••.

.Montana. .•••••••••••••••••• Ida.ho .................... . Wyominr: ••••.•• 0I ••••••••••••

Colorado ............... , .•. r!ew 14enieo ••••• , •••••••••• Arizona .•.....•.•••....... Utah •••••••.•••••..•••••••• Nevntla. ••••••••••••••••••••

WaOhlnston ••••• ~ •••••••••• Ore 30u •...••..•.•.. ,.,. •..• California .............. .. Hawaii ................... .

•

Table P5.--TIJ.!£ SERVED ril rLIt'"1Y PJUSO;lERS COllTDlUOtrJLY COllFIl1ED nl STATE PJUSOtiS 011 DECEl-mER 3l, 1960, l'Y OFFEllSE

(Exclu1e~ Alaoltn and lie" Jer;;.y)

All :felony pri!ioncra cOlltinuo:.tsl~· canfineLi

number

l~O~ '702

20,27J.

C07 11B 210

IJ~~ 1,22-4

1l,4to 4,6,{1

9,005 ,'",,066 tl,40A !1,:",Gl, l!~):~

1,~eO 1,(\79 3}4:22

224 4/:,

1,1eO 1,~1.'1

G:,~64

195 4,761 1,717 4,944 1,831 ;,1+44 1,&;7 5,10"( 7,113

1,7cit/ 3,11¥j 2,432

11,307

~:4, 762

l.j.;'~

494 33~

1,ti15 1,067 1,460

h!l6 395

1,946 ~,;44

14,6,)4 313

Hc;1ian tillt<'

cel"Ved

lB.!)

11.6 11.3 10.6 17.': 10.,;> 14.5

llo::1ic1de

51.9

G6.0 01.0 84.0 60.6 51.0 ~3·2

53.3 61.9 64.0 ·10.7 ,1.0

C~·.tl 04.0 51.1

13·'.0 4').0 32·5 ;;-4.0

3J.O

40.5 45.8 40.4 38.3

91.0

46.4 41.5 35.9 35.()

21.1 2;;.9 21.3

16.3 21.2 :,6.7 29.7 25.7 16.5' 31.(; 19.0 18.9

3l.7 24.7 ,,4.6 23·0

18.? 1;';.0 23.7 2b0l4

A.Gault

10.6 17.0

7.0 19·1 5.7

12.0

~.C 24.6 :::4.0 14.3 11.0

1:.0 12.B 13.3

18.0

22.0 13.3 22.0 ~0.4

MeJian time served, by offenEe (in montho) (u)

1),.3

10.0 9.2

14.C 11.6 9·0

11.0

15.4 le." 13.4

1.2.3 l2.G 10.6 13.8

12.4

LaI't:(m~J e:(;::cpt

fluto theft

11."

4.5 11.0

U.4

10.6

12.0 :i.5

14.4 l4.2 ::0.5 11.3 11.3 14.7 11.1

8.1 10.3 10.4 11.0

'{ (~

9 'r: ., 7.3

:!.l.l

10.8

7.1 le.l 10.0 8.6

16.4 9.3

10.5 9.0

lO.:J 10.6 12.1

Auto theft

n .•

10.6

14.8 15·3

12.6 14.~)

15.6 1C.O '(.4

7.8 1;,.0 10.6

10.2 15.7

15.7 1.2.6 8.8

10.4

4.6

10.9 G.:? ll.~

Emte~zlemel1t, frau.i ana.

forGery

n.o

9.3

6.8 9.0 9·0

10.6

19·6 17.8

10.8

10.3 14.5 12.1, 11.0 7.4

15.ft 14.8

<0.6 10.0

9.1 ".7 10.5

10., 9·9

10.8 10.£

10.1 11.2 Z.2

1O.G

10. 1, "t:

ll:~~ 14.0

(8.) See Table p4 for nur:erical brenl::d.cwn of offc!H:;CC. f!.elliun net rucw'n w:.cre nmnbet' of caces il3 leoa tt.!ltl 10. (b) Figure!} cctir.atel.

Sex offenses

26.1

D~ la".

19·0

16.8

22.4

17·1 20.4

20.2

21.0 11.0

'/.9

10.2

12.0

Otlmr offenoes

11.1

lO.:?

7·7 9·9 5.7

12.9

19·1 18.0

11,9

15.9 8.9

10.4 13·C 10.1 8.8

10.3

9.2

6.6 10.2 8.5

46.0 9.7 5.2

13.1 7.4

9.8 9.9 8.1 tl.C

10.2 16.l 11." 6.6

19.7 7.8 9.0

15.8

9·0 13.1 14.L

Table 1'b. -- OFFEIlSE OF FELONY PRISOIlER: COllTnruousLY COIlFlllED nr CUTE PRISOIID OIl DECElo!BEl! :1, 19~o, BY AGE AND RACE

(ExcludeD Alaclta nr.d lIelr Jeroey)

- r 'fal;al Age and Ilace (a) felony

prlo:11:ero Homicide Robbery ~~~~i~~~UtE1

TOTAL

AU Beer;: ........... 150,702 18,538 24,':21

19 yearll and under •••••• 12,46L 469 l,B,4 20 to '24 v('ar~ •••• i ••••• ~2,659 1,791 6,722 25 b 2,] yearc •• j ••••••• 28,591 2,376 6,o~<8 30 t, 34 years .......... 211,3~1) 2,828 4,406 35 to 39 :fear:; .......... 18,007 2,785 2,683 40 to 41. Yl'aro .......... 12,468 2,325 1,316 45 to 511 year. • ......... 13,902 3,451 1,ln 55 to 64 yeal'll .......... 5,437 1,671 324 65 yearo and over ........ 1,622 7BJ 45 Un1:nO\lll ••••••••••••••••• 410 53 50

Wl!ITE

All n~u ••••••••••• 91,2G6 8,110 13,451

19 year" a'l!t und~r •••••• 7,758 £28 645 20 tJ 21i .rear::. 21,204 8S5 3,751 25 to 2) yearc •••••••••• 17,059 }.,OSo 3,291 30 t;, 34 yearn .......... 13,616 1,134 2,301 35 to ,9 :rear~ .......... 10,604 11082 1,446 1,0 to- 44 yeare •••••••••• 1,472 939 747 45 to 51, year. .. ........ 8,695 1, 485 775 55 t~ 64 yearn .......... :',547 809 233 65 yearo and over ••••••• 1,070 4T,' 31 Unltnown t •••••••••••••••• 21.1 21 31

NOIl-WlIITE

AU nBeD ........... 59,436 10,428 ll,17£>

19 years and under •••••• 4,1<13 ;:41 1,009 20 t, 24 yearD .......... li,1'55 lOu 2,971 25 to 2J year. .......... 11,532 1, ~2r:; 2,797 30 to 34 yeara .......... 10,724 1" S·4 2,105 35 to 3~ yearn .......... 8,203 1" 7~j~ 1,237 1;0 to 4 YI'!lrn .......... l',~9G 2,386 5£9 45 to 54 yearo .......... 5,207 1,906 3.64 55 to 64 yearn .......... l,ego 062 ~1 6!i yeara and over ........ 552 j12 14 Unh"ll;:lvn .................. 16] 3? 19

(a)

!~l AgeD are incluDive. Includeo ~ figureo for F~or1du and Virginia. Pcrt"entar;eo not C11:puted f.:lr lIUn1'-.llowiJ1f.

llumiJer

In.rcecYJ Acaault Eurr,lAry except Auto

auto theft theft

7,739 3~,418 14,284 5Jo3~

Cc<i 4,780 1,763 1/3~8 1,425 10,17') ",444 1/16) 1,3S1 '1,012 2,633 93) 1,22[; 5,051 2,161 lioa 1,025 :,4'2 1,,(;39 409

no 2,146 1,O~9 242 8'13 1,,63 l,Uh 16,) 34'0 t,3) 352 ,2 112 112 '/'2 -15 elG 41 25

3,505 22,558 &,677 :t'lrlJ

r?2 3,195 1,100 1,016 761 1,06) 2,17~ 1,243 643 4,3:7 l,56~ bt23 544 2,9,4 1,1511 :,94 ;83 1,904 'i61. ,21 2'18 1,202 677 1b7 394 1,202 7:0 1:6 185 42) 231 34

58 65 40 -7 61 ;08 14

~,174 12,860 5,607 1,663

,1~ 1,555 <.(/:, ,42 664 3,090 l,~(::1 ~2& 714 2,07; 1,065 ,1(, ti8h 2,125 l,C07 20f~ 61;2 1,523 67[' 1,,8 1.:2 C64 ,U2 55 4'1) 7<)1 iBl 51 163 210 121 " 5h 47 32 -13 35 9 11

.:.~

EmLoztlc .. mcnt, Sex DruB Other Ibm. Rob. Ao1t. Bur€;. fl'tlud a.nd offenGca lol(e o1'fenocc

i'orrery

-1';1,1,);: 12~(5(· 8,030 8,144 l~.:l 16·3 5·1 ;'23*~

447 656 91 442 ~.e llh9 4.9 ,8·3 2;4:10 2,115 1, '341 1,443 5·5 2Q.6 4.4 31.2 2,923 lj'!c2 2,021 1,3~O 5·3 21·3 4.7 24.5 2,}lO 1,839 1,9sa l,j~n 11.t 18.1 ~.o 20.8 !!,5J'r 1,7:1 l,eGo 1,18'; 14.& 14.3 !i.~ 10.2 l,Tl5 1,435 ~10 8~>(l 18.6 10.6 5.'.l n·2 1,78) l,e14 :;42 l,005 211.8 8.2 6.4 11..1

645 B5'i l~7 404 30." 6.0 6.4 u.8 121 258 3~ 7J 1.8.6 2.8 (,,') 6.9

36 :'1 " 51 - - - -

4',9)~ 8,2)3 3,944 5,700 6.9 14.1 :,9 24.7

35) 210 73 ;'i~O :?~ 10.9 3.8 41.Q' 1,'}B7 1,&3) )84 l,OJO 4.2 U·7 3.6 33.4 2,;1-; 1,1% 1,114 924 6.2 19·:; 3.8 2~.4 2,Jlf2 1:11::' e3~ ,:)(:2 8.3 16." 4.0 21·5 2,161 l,15S 410 'la? 10.2 1,.6 3.6 18.0 ~,513 1,OOJ 183 <>:U 12.6 10.0 4.0 17.2 lJ(,l:: 1,361 232 702 17·1 8·9 4." 14·5

511 ('17 i!:J 283 22.C 6.6 5·2 12.1 laD 2~O 17 ~G lJ4.6 2·9 5·4 6.1 ~7 17 3 22 - - . -

:',635 4,.,.'1-, 4,o~6 2,444 17·5 lE:.e 7·0 21.6

BB '4t:- 1l) 102 ,.1 21.4 L.T 33·7 lll(j £76 35'f ~~3 'I·? ~5.9 5.8 £:1.0 ti10 726 907 3~?6 U.5 24.S 6.2 23.2 5L8 ,((27 1,14) 45~ 15.8 19.6 G.!, 19.8 430 578 ()50 ~C) 20.6 15·1 7.8 16.6 222 421 !.01 25e 27·7 U.h B.6 17·~ 11'; 1'5' ~10 300 37·8 1·0 9.6 10·5

11/J 17,1 68 l~l 1,5·(; 4.8 e.6 11.1 15 ~U 11 23 ~6.~ 2.~ 9.6 8·5 ~j 11, : 29 - - - .

1.1

Percent(e)

~~~" tArc. Auto Sex Drug Other tteft nnd ofr. 10\(0 off.

forg.

,·5 3·7 10.4 8.4 ,·3 5·4

1 •• 1 10.) 3.6 5·3 0.7 3·, lO·5 ,.4 7.4 "·S 4.1 4.4

912 3·3 10.2 6.7 7.1 4.6 \ 13.:1 2·5 12.0 'f.b 8.2 5·4 8.7 2.5 13.8 9.2 6.7 C·S 8.5 1·9 1~<) U·5 4.7 1·1

:\ &.0 1.4 12·9 13.0 3·' 7·3 (;·5 (l.B 11·9 1,·7 2·9 7.4 1 •• 4 - 7·5 15·') 2.1 4.9 - - - - - -

9·5 4·3 14.2 ].1 4.3 6.2

14.2 13·1 4.6 4.0 0·9 4.4 10·3 5·9 9.4 5·8 4.& 5.1

9·2 3.1 13·6 1.0 6.5 5.4 U.~ 2.'1 17.2 8.2 6.2 6.3 9·1 3·0 20.4 10·9 3·9 7.4 9.1 2·5 20.2 13·5 2.4 8·5 8.4 1.6 18.6 15·7 2.7 8.1 6.5 1.0 lS.3 1'}.1 2.; 8.0 ~·7 - ')·9 20.G 1.G 5·~ - - - - - -

!l.4 2.£) 4.4 7·3 6.9 4.1

ll •• 1 7.3 1·9 1.3 0.11 2.2 U.1 4.6 'l.9 7·6 3·1 3·1 :/.2 2·7 5·3 ti. ,~ 7.9 3·4 9.4 1.9 5· , G.S 10.7 4·3 f.3 1.8 ~ . ., 1.0 10.4 4.:", 7.ci 1.1 .4 U., E.! 5·" 7·3 1.0 3·4 8.7 L.O 5·9 ,;.~ o.!' 3·6 9.4 3·6 (i.!,

~.e - 2.7 6·9 ;.1 4.~ - - - - . -

.~

Table F7 .--PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF AGE-OFFENSE GROUPS OF FELONY PRISONERS CONTINUOUSLY CONFINED IN STATE PRISONS ON DECEMBER 31, 1960, BY RACE (Excludes Alaska and New Jersey. Compa.re with Table p6. Percentages not complete:l for "Unknownii1)

Age and race (a) All Larceny, Auto Embezzlement, Sex Homicide Robbery Assault Burglary except ffraud and offenees tl,eft offenseS auto theft forgery

All ages •.•••••.••• 199:g 1~.0 l~~:g 1~.0 190.0 199.0 100.0 l~.O 1~.0 White ........................ 3.7 .1 3.7 ·7 70.5 3.1 5.5

Non-white .................... 39.4 56.3 45.4 53.9 36.3 39.3 29·5 16.9 34.5

19 years and under .••..• 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White ........................ 62.2 48.6 45.6 48.2 66.8 62.4 74.8 80.3 47.3 lion-white .................... 37.8 51.4 54.4 51.8 33.2 37.6 25.2 19·7 52·7

20 to 24 years .......... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White ....•....••••...•..•.... 64.9 49.4 55.8 53.4 69.6 63.2 70.3 81.8 58.6 l!on-I/hite .................. ,. 35.1 50.6 44.2 46.6 30.11 36.8 29.7 18.2 111.4

25 to 29 year" ......... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White ............. ......... 59·7 114.2 54.1 47.4 61.9 59.6 66.3 79.1 62.2 lIon-l/hite •••••••••• 4 ••••••••• /fo.3 55.8 115.9 52.6 38.1 /fo.4 33.7 20·9 37.8

30 to 34 years .......... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White ........................ 55.9 /fo.l 52.2 44.3 58.0 53.4 65.7 80.5 60.5 Non-"hite .................... 44.1 59·9 47.8 55.7 112.0 46.6 34.3 19.5 39·5

35 to 39 years .......... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White ........................ 56.4 38.9 53.9 31.8 55.5 58.6 68.4 83.2 66.6 lion-white .................... 43.6 61.1 46.1 68.2 44.5 111.4 31.6 16.8 33.4

/fo to 44 years ......... ~ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White ........................ 59·9 /fo.4 56.8 /fo.8 59.7 63.9 77.3 87.2 70.2 Non-"hite .................... 40.1 59.6 43.2 59.2 /fo.3 36.1 22.7 12.8 29. 8

115' to 54 years .......... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Hhite ......................... 62.5 43.0 68.0 44.1 64.3 65.8 73.0 90.2 75·9 lion-"hite .................... 37.5 57-0 32.0 55.9 35·7 34.2 27.0 9·8 25,t.

55 to 64 years .......... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White ~ ....................... 65.2 48.4 71.9 53.2 67.1 65.6 81.0 89.5 79. 2 !fon-white •...•..••...••..••.. 34.8 ~1.6 28.1 46.8 32·9 34.4 19·0 10.5 20.8

65 years and over ....... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 - 100.0 100.0 vlh.ite .. , ................•...• 66.0 60·5 68.9 51.8 58.0 55.6 - 87.6 85.3 lion-"hite .................... 34.0 39·5 31.1 48.2 42.0 44.4 - 12.4 14.7

(a) Ages are lnclusive.

Table P8.--MEDIAN AGE OF FELOllY PRISOllERS CONTINUOUSLY CONF:OlliD IN STATE PRISONS ON DECEMBER 31, 1960, BY OFFENSE AND RACE

(Excludes Alasl;a and He" Jersey. Medians are in years)

All Larceny,

Auto Embez~lm~:l't,J

Sex Race Homicide Robbery Assault 13ur~"r;; except Traud and offenses auto theft theft 'forgery offenses

All prisoners ................ 30.3 38.2 28.1 32 .0 27·0 28.7 24.1 33·5 34.4

White ............................. 29·9 38.5 28.2 30.8 26.1 28.4 23.9 33.9 36.3 Non-Ilhite ......................... 30·9 38.1 27·9 32·9 28.3 29·1 24.7 31.6 31.6

Note: See Table p6 for numerical breakdown of offenses.

Dru,;; laws

11;8.0 9·1

50.9

100.0 80.2 19.8

100.0 ?3-4 26.6

100.0 55.1 1111.9

100.0 42.2 57.8

100.0 32·5 67.5

100.0 31.0 69.0

100.0 42.8 57.2

100.0 56.7 43.3

100.0 50.0 50.0

Dl'u,; Imls

31.4

29·1 33.3

~- --~ ~-~-~ --I

Other offenses

100.0 70.0 30.0

100.0 76.9 23.1

100.0 75.5 24.5

100.0 70.0 30.0

100.0 65.3 34.7

100.0 66.0 311.0

100.0 71.7 28.3

100.0 69.6 30.4

100.0 70.0 30.0

100.0 70·9 29.1

Other offenses

33.3

32·9 34.0

Table P9. -- OFFENSE OF FELONY PRISONERS CONTINOUSLY CONFINED IN STATE PRISONS ON DECE~illER 31, 1960, BY AGE AND TIME SERVED

(Excludes Alaska and Hew Jersey)

T~tal

(a) felony Larceny, 1<~l,ezzle-Age prisoners Homicide Robbery Ascault Burglary except Auto me nt, Sex Drug Other

continuousfi) auto theft fraud ... nd offenses laws offenses confined (b theft forgery

1M-illER

All age" ................... 150,702 18,538 24,627 7,739 35,418 14,284 5,633 15,633 12,656 8,030 8,144

19 years and under .............. 12,466 469 1,854 606 4,780 1,763 1,358 447 656 91 442 20 to 24 years .................. 32,659 1,791 6,722 1,~25 10,179 3,444 1,769 2,430 2,115 1,341 1,443 25 to 29 years , ................. 28,591 2,376 6,088 1,357 7,()12 2,633 939 2,923 1,922 2,021 1,320 30 to 34 years .................. 24,340 2,828 4,406 1,228 5,~)':: 2,161 600 2,910 1,839 1,988 1,321 35 to 39 years .................. 18,807 2,785 2,683 1,025 3,432 1,639 469 2,597 1,731 1,260 l,18C 40 to 44 years .................. 12,468 2,325 1,316 730 2,146 1,059 242 1,735 1,435 590 890 45 to 54 years .................. 13,902 3,451 1,139 893 1,963 1,114 189 1,789 1,814 542 1,008 55 to 64 years .................. 5,437 1,671 324 348 639 352 42 645 855 157 404 65 years and over ............... 1,622 789 45 112 112 72 - .L21 258 34 79 Unkno>m ......................... 1110 53 50 15 96 47 25 36 31 6 51

l-IEDIAI1 TIME SERVED (c)

All ages ................... 16·7 44·5 23·0 15·8 13·5 11.0 11. If 11.0 26.1 19·0 11.1

19 years and under .............. 8·7 12.2 9·8 8·9 <".2 3.1 8·5 7·3 10·3 8·7 8·5 20 to 24 years .................. 12·9 22·5 1'(.2 13·3 11.6 10·3 11.4 9·5 17·6 13·8 10.2 2:; to 29 years .................. 17.4 35·9 24.7 16.2 15·2 11.2 13·8 10·7 24.8 18.0 10.4 30 to 34 years .................. 19·9 ·44·3 32.7 17,6 17·3 12·5 15·2 11.2 31·7 20·9 11.5 35 to 39 years .................. 20.8 49·2 36.6 19·0 18.4 12·7 15·1 11.2 30.1 21.6 11.0 40 to 41f years .................. 22.0 52.8 37·7 17.8 20.1 12·7 17.8 12.2 33·9 22·3 11.6 45 to 54 years .................. 26.0 59·0 45·3 19·3 21.9 13·2 14·7 13·0 38.0 23·6 15·6 55 to 64 years .................. 3h·9 75·5 63·5 21.5 25·5 16·5 21.2 14.6 4J.l 211.3 17.4 65 years and over ............... 50.0 97·8 105. 0 30·7 37·2 17·7 - 16.8 40.8 28.0 36·9 Unknown •..•..................... 12·5 33·3 15·0 - 10·7 8.1 7·1 12.0 18.0 - 18·3

PERCE~~ DISTRIBUTION

All a"er: ........... , ....... 100.0 100.0 1.00.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

19 years and under .............. 8·3 2·5 7·5 7·8 13·5 12·3 24.1 2·9 5·2 1.1 5·4 20 to 24 years .................. 21.7 9·7 27·3 18.4 28·7 24.1 31.4 15·5 16.7 16·7 17·7 25 to 29 years .................. 19·0 12.8 24.7 17·5 19.8 18.4 16.7 18·T 15·2 25·2 16.2 3f ) to 34 years .................. 16.2 15·3 1.7·9 15·9 14·3 15·1. 10·7 18.6 14·5 24.8 16.2 35 to 39 years .................. 12·5 15·0 10·9 13·2 9·7 11·5 8·3 16.6 13·7 15·7 14.6 40 to 44 years .................... 8·3 12·5 5·3 9·4 6.1 7·4 4·3 11.1 11·3 7·3 10·9 45 ttl 54 years •• •• •••• • •••••••• c 9·2 18.6 4.6 11.5 5·5 7.8 3.4 1.1.4 14·3 6·7 12.4 55 to 64 years .................. 3·6 9·0 1.3 4·5 1.8 2·5 0·7 4.1 6.8 2.0 5·0 65 years and over ............... 1.1 4·3 0.2 1.4 0·3 0·5 - 0.8 2.0 O.~ 1.0 Unl:n:J>ffi ......................... 0·3 0·3 0.2 0.2 0·3 0·3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.6

(a) Ages are inclusive. (b) Includes estimated figures for Florida and Virginia. (c) ~~edian not sho>ffi \There number cf cases is less than 25. Medians are in months.

,'. j/

I,

!:.'ahle 1'10. -- PERCEllTAGE DISTRLJUTIOli OF FELOIlY PRISOlillR3 COJiFI1iED nl STATE PRISONS Oll DECllMBlm 31, 1960, Dl' OFFENSE)

(Exclude" Alaska and llev Jersey. Compare vith Table PI)

T~tal larcenY,; Embezzle-Rellion felony

::)micide Robbery Aocault Burgler.r excppt Auto ment" Sey. Drug

.. nil prisoners at·,t') theft fraud and orrenses. lava State confined tteft forgery

United StateD .. lCO.O 11.8 16.6 4.9 24.0 9·4 3·9 10.8 8.0 5·3

l10rtllCaet ................ 100.0 'j.lt 22.2 6.8 20.8 10·1 4.0 4.2 U.2 6.3

lolaine ~ ................ 100.0 9·0 7.j 7·3 26·5 9·2 4.1 10., 15.4 -neW' Ira:-:pr.hire- ......... 100.0 11.7 13·5 3.2 34·5 6.4 - 8.2 12·9 -V~rr'Jnt .. ~. ,., .......... 100.0 5·8 3·B U.2 25·4 ,·3 3·8 12., 19·2 -NaflCachuGetts ......... 10D.u 12.4 26.} 7·0 20.1 5·3 3·5 2.6 14.9 2·5 tlilode Inland .......... 100.0 )·9 15·1 7·7 32.4 3·2 2.8 6·3 13·7 1.8 Connecticut ........... HJO.'J ).0 12·1 3·4 27.0 5·1 7·1 5·3 u.8 6.11

11ew Yor~: •••••••••••••. 100.0 6.9 ~?j·7 8.7 ~5·4 13·2 5·0 3·8 10.0 8·9 Pennsy1 vania .......... 100.) 14·5 22.) 3.0 29·7 6·3 1.5 3·9 11.~ 2·9

l!ortl, Central ............ lO~).(j 10.3 17·) 3·9 23·4 8·9 5·01 12.4 7.8 3·9

OHa .................. 100.0 10.0 lY·'} 5.2 21,.7 G.7 9·1 12.0 4.4 4.0 Indiana ............... 100.0 0·5 12., 3·9 26.:) u.-; 5·6 13.2 8.1 0·3 Illinois .............. lO?Cl 11 •• 4 2-3·5 2·5 21.5 3·3 3·7 5·1 9·3 9·7 I·lid·lean ....... " ...... 10).0 lC,.Jj. 15·1) 3·8 21.3 13·4 1,.8 9·~ 9.8 5·0 ;lit.c~n:.in · ........ ~ .. ~ 100.0 c; " ,.0 __ , .. ,J 4·9 27.4 7·0 ,·5 14·9 11.8 2.0

JolinneGota · ..... ~ .. ~ .. ~ 100.0 7.2 1 i;.1 5·0 17.3 17.6 7·8 13·5 11·5 0.1 Io\i'B. .................... 1GO.O C·5 _-1 .. ( 2.1 13.8 u·5 7·8 25·2 8·3 0.6 Hio".mri . ~ ..... ~ ...... 100.0 12.0 22.;1 3·3 26.2 8.9 3·5 12.0 6.8 ~.o north Dakota .......... 100.0 12.1 6.') 3·2 21.e 7·3 2.4 28.6 ~0·9 -South Dak::>to. .......... 100.0 It .. B 4.6 2·5 21.:i 1,·3 - 34.6 6.1 -lIebrtlcl~ .............. 100.0 6.D 10·5 3·6 23.4 7.2 5·4 28·3 5·6 0.6 Kiln"a" ...... , ......... 100·0 ,.0 12.0 3·9 27.5 B.o 6.2 25·0 4.4 0·5

Sautt .. ~ ................. 100.0 15.6 13·9 5·4 21·5 10., 2·9 8·9 7·1 3·0

Dela\o/B.re .............. 100.0 22.6 19·8 5·2 31.1 6.1 0·5 4·7 4·1 2.8 . ~:e.ryland .............. 100.0 10.0 21.3 9·1 1::.9 u.8 3·4 ,.11 5·9 3·2 District '(f )Columbia •. 100.0 8.7 21.2 7·9 17.:;· 6.0 6.9 7·8 5·3 16.7 Virginia a ........... 100.0 17·5 17.0 8·3 28.4 10·3 2.6 5·1 7.8 0.8 Uent Virginia ......... l:JJ~C 12.') 7.4 4.1. 33.6 18·3 0·3 13·1 5.8 0.1 North CaroUna ........ 100.0 2()·5 S.6 4., 23·9 12·3 5·1 7·2 8.8 0.2 South Carolina ........ 100.0 22.4 8.6 9·9 29.4 8·9 0.1 4·3 9·0 0.3 Georgia ............... 100.0 1:;1·5 11., 5·8 3lt .8 2.4 7·1 8·9 6.8 0·3 Florida (a) ........... 100.0 12·9 13.4 7.4 31.2 8.1 5.2 6., 6.6 1.1

Kentucky .............. 100.0 15·6 19·5 4·3 21·5 10·3 2.2 U·1 7·3 0.6 Tennessee ............ '0 ..... 100,0 19.6 14., 4·7 26.1 13·3 1.8 6.8 7·5 0.4 Alabama ............... 100.0 20·9 11.0 4·5 23·3 19.2 - 9·0 5·0 0.6 MiSSissippi ........ , .. 100.0 24·9 U.O 6.6 26.6 12.6 0.1 7·5 13.1, [0.1 Arkansas ........... , .. 100.0 15.1 9·5 3·9 33.0 13·2 0·3 14.0 8·3 0·5 Louisiana · ...... , .. ~ .. 100.0 U.4 13·6 h.l 33·7 9·3 0·7 7·0 6.1 13·3 01aahoma ••.•.•.••.•... 100.0 13·1 13·5 2.2 28·9 ')·9 6.3 15·2 7·4 0·7 Texas .............. "' .. 100.0 10.(; 15·3 2.4 27.2 11.2 0·5 13·5 7·8 8.1

'fest ............ , ......... 100.0 7·2 16·5 3·9 19.2 6.6 3·3 W.5 7·7 11..8

lilontana ...... , ........ 100.0 7·3 6·3 2.8 21.2 12·3 3.2 30.a 10.0 0·3 Idahc .. , .............. 100.0 £.0 6.1> 2.6 24·5 U.l - 27.2 7·5 0.4 Wyoming ............... lCO.O 10., 5·6 2.1 16.9 10.1 4., 38.8 6.2 0·3 Colorado .............. 100.0 7-', 17·2 2·7 20.8 7.a 3.4 22.1 6.8 4·3 !lew Mexico ............ 100.0 ;J.6 10.6 4·3 14.8 u.4 6·3 22·5 6.4 6.8 Arizona ................. 100.0 8.6 13·1 7·0 20.6 12.4 0·9 20.1 7·9 6·3 Utah .................. 100.0 7.4 15·2 4·9 22.1 5. 8 - 30.7 8·5 1.8 Uevada ................ 100.0 12.2 17·5 3·6 21.7 10·5 - 13·9 9·5 5.8

Washinllton ... ~ ..... ~ .... 100.0 6·3 U.l 5·3 23.6 16·5 ).0 u.6 7·6 1.0 Oregon ................ 100.0 7·0 12·3 3·7 20.6 9·5 2.6 24.2 8.8 1.1 California ............ 10Q.O 6·9 1.9·0 3·6 17·7 4.0 3·0 1.5.4 7·5 17·1 Ha'<l8.ii ...................... "' ... 100.0 7·1 9·1 4.4 39·6 3·2 0.2 15·6 15·4 3.7

Cn) Flgures estirrAtc.;\.

66

Other offences

5·4

5·1

10.8 4.7

10.8 5·2 1·0

~-~1.1

4.1. 3·9

5·S

4.1 !l.1 2·0 7·5 9·9

1 .. 7 8.6 3·4 6·9 8·9 8.8 5·<:

5·0

2.:' 11.2 2.1 2.1 5.1, 8.7 7.1 2·5 7·2

7·4 5·2 6·s G. 1 ..

2.2 o.S 2.8 3.4

6.2

5·8 12.1> l'·1 7·1 7. 4 3·0 3·4 5·4

8.0 10.2 5·9 1·7

'",

(c) Releases

Table Rl. -- CI!AIlACTEl1ISTICS OF PlUSOllEllS RELEASED 1-1l0M STATE PRISOl;S: 1960

(Excludes Aluol:a. and neW' Jorct'y)

Region Total. Sex an. rc'!,en:.~,:!:.

State Total. 1·~1e Female H:;)rdc;tde Robbery Ao[:ault

_ r:111kd. Otntw. .. '{:l,G22 65,201 G2, :C'( 2,8J.4 3,509 6,913 3,t:';0

llortheast ................ 12,220 7,574 7t)2~ 449 323 lJ20'~ :,5

Vaine .•••......•..• 567 3')9 ,84 15 9 16 36 N!":\I Hampshire •••••• 73 53 52 1 < - 8 VcnJ!Ont ••••••••• .o •• 265 242 2?~ q i 4 ;6 MaoaachuGettll •••••• 1~281 820 721 8) -0 199 53 Rhode Toland ••••••• ll7 87 81 6 io 10 " Connecticut ........ 853 562 524 r::8 1; 49 43

lIev York (c l.. ...... 6,41,5 3,914 3J tiL? 225 167 75[' "oC PennlJylvania •.••.•. 2,631 1,477 1,431. 46 90 270 77

ltorth Central ....•....•. 21,950 17,581 16,3,3) 742 706 2,l3'J 543

Ohio •...•••••.. 0' •• 1',921 3J)7~ l,T:i7 102 176 jf~7 103 Indiana ....•..••..• 1,67J 1,125 1,121 4 40 8J 2" Il.l.in:Jia •... 00 ••••• 2,74B 2,418 ~~~~~ 121 172 6<2 36 f.1ichigan ............ 4,3!~;; ",57" 188 120/ 3)4 143 Wioeonsin •.....•.•. 1.910 1,103 11041 62 15 81 54

J.f!nneaota .•••....•• )35 6!J2 657 25 28 55 24 Io· ... u ..••.•••.•..•.. )71 e65 b19 46 32 55 :'" Missouri ............ 1,054 1,755 1,706 43 72 2e4 60 lbrth Dakota ........ 172 156 150 6 4 6 6 South Dar.:l'ta •...•.• .15 ,77 3G7 10 . 6 II Ilebraall.a •.•.•••.••• '(77 728 709 1~ 21 32 19 Kansas ••.••.••...•. 1,163 819 789 30 14 58 20

~t,uth ••••••••••••••••••• 32,c.58 2~, 725 28,532 1,19; 2,1.49 2,SCr 2,065

Delal.'8.l"t: •• ~ •••••••• & 236 186 179 7 13 18 1(; flarylRnd ............ 3,800 2,880 2,742 13B 75 2,l 453 District of Co1u:"bia 7?0 645 602 43 35 90 65 Virginia ............. 2,133 1,980 1,904 il2 157 151 282 West Virginia .... _ .... 775 593 571 22 33 30 28 North Carolina ....•• 2,984 2,83: 2,715 llB 334 204 142 South Carolina ...... 1,052 90~ 841, 62 73 51 84

~~~~~: tel:::::::::: ;"',615 2,357 2,2E.l 1.06 245 206 lL7 2,:187 2,777 2,615 lCE 175 27~ 236

'Ccntucky- ......... _ ..• 1,727 1,532 1,554 28 90 134 76 TcnnCDsce ............ 1,157 1,089 1,050 ,~ 110 67 60 AlnblUl'A •••... , ...•.. 2,542 2,376 2,302 71; 196 60 129 1>UGuiaoipp1 .......... )06 eftS B25 41 158 41 7~

Arr.antla!l ••.•....••.. )61 e,4 G61 33 52 87 29 LJu1aiaha .••••.••••• 1,51} 1,:~~~4 11 319 55 III 15, 75 a,-lahoma .......... _. 1,540 1,506 1,464 1,2 50 ll8 43 Texas ••..••.•••.•••• 5,134 4,7b5 4,6114 141 242 426 101

Hett •.••••••.•.••.•••••• 12,194 10,321 9,€'Jl 430 ;31 1,101 3C'1

M.::Intana ••• _ •••••• 0- •• 511 !t!n 444 5 17 21 17 Idaho ... " .•..•....•.• 255 :2~S 219 9 (> 11 d lfy:Jm!ng ............. ~ • 214 ",4 20? 5 1 II 5 Colorado .•.•.. _ •.... 1,437 1,050 1J 02G 24 29 99 30 He\( Mexic:) •........• 457 3[;3 372 II 17 25 15 1'I.rizona. •••••••••• ~ •• Goo T1r. 746 30 37 65 77 UU;h ................ 270 24v 2:~3. g 4 15 12 U~VBda •••••••••••••• 20;1 201 195 16 31 7

Washington •...•...•. 1,b17 1,310 1,274 36 47 90 45 Oregon ............... ,,40 "" n8 18 17 .6 21 California .....•...• 6,049 4,627 1'1348 271 137 661~ 148 .trawl! .•.•..••..•.. 0- ll~ 9) 97 2 3 3 2

~u.) lncludea m.ademeanants J .1Ll\'tmilcs, denths, nnd N.r~jt releasee with indef1nite sentenceo. ;bl 1-~dlan n:)t Dhow .... here number -'t cnaC!l i!l lens t}-i1n 12. Median!! are in nrlntho. (0 1~\.4.,.,be.t' 0'.'" f'irr.t relea:::cn t..::.tlrratf·d. --

Felony l'!rat relcar:es

01'fenoe

mbeble-IarctmJj

llurCUU-.1 C1.cept Aut;) !:lent, Sex Drug

aut":! tl-.e1't fro.ud and ot'fenDCo J.n~o theft foreerJ

l'f,569 9,352 3,1l5 9Jl172 ;,503 2,760

1,712 98;1 397 361 607 69;'

106 51 23 54 57 -2l - 4 " 6 -60 2'{ 1 ,5 2l -

le7 71, 4l le 10, 40 ;4 3 2 8 2 4

1"" 44 56 ~2 57 45

~~g 654 2'B 138 202 55$ 128 31 80 1~1 51

4,'(74 2,1~O 1,1!t6 ~J815 1,124 574

~/223 ", 351 <25 234 ll8 357 153 66 l1u l7 6 6'8 153 131 18S 158 220 674 612 200 3~4 245 175 295 83 71 158 145 11

127 153 75 10, 57 2 14, 103 58 216 64 13 596 272 7; 290 71 1~

43 16 7 47 11 -63 71 1 150 31 -

173 73 42 255 38 1 242 ~8 1,1 247 .3:;' 1

f,7C4 5,0!}? 1,llG :,755 1,19: n8

84 S 1 30 1 4 ;;69 615 133 152 107 62 107 56 56 71 36 73 &12 367 72 151 93 17 223 147 - il2 20 2 91G 252 205 368 130 9 267 129 7 85 35 II

~~t 119 273 250 83 12 332 169 336 150 54

452 330 "6 244 60 10 242 287 26 136 32 8 592 677 - 266 55 50 241 le3 - 71, 45 3

~4 190 1 136 46 1 58 312 3 153 "" 76 --446 257 101 331 5~ 13

1,593 7-P- 1~1 888 192 313

2,299 1,160 1156 2,533 ,&. 773

80 63 11 177 33 1 67 25 - 62 " 1 30 27 7 100 3 1

31.5 126 49 249 4. 29 60 52 ;;2 109 17 21

172 lQ.l" 4 217 1+-9 25 63 26 - 102 21 1 55 30 - 41 5 1

350 264 142 204 95 19 171 ~~

22 221 50 8 898 l~J 1,004 24G 6';0

36 6 - 27 19 -

,Ii-

Hctl.od of rclea.~c Sentence length(b Otber loIodian f'1rat re- Re-

J.!ruc1mum t~ leao~o(a.) releaseD Other Parole OUler Dcf.ln1te of 1nde- ten-cd

(""dian) tcrmino.te (in ",,".) (median)

5,343 39,047 26,154 "1·7 81·0 20·9 3,393 ll,228

51l ti,429 1,145 61.6 73·7 ,25·1 1,885 2,761

3) ,65 34 200.0 44.9 11.3 44 124 7 52 1 - "9·1 11·9 - 20

51 12 230 15·0 26.7 9·1 7 36 7~ 683 1,7 76.0 85·3 17·2 216 245 8 51. 33 46.4 - 21·9 15 15

95 ~lt~; 17 87.9 63.6 16.2 48 223

1n 3,369 5~5 - 77.1 28.6 881 1,618 67 1,309 16S - 81.6 31.2 674 "80

1,610 12,807 4,774 44.2 121.1 21.1 650 3,719

;14 <704 215 LIFE 206.4 22·7 215 727 147 "' )87 1.38 52.8 129·3 27.6 1 553

60 1,2% 1,132 98.3 70.6 30.2 12 318 418 3,179 395 172.1 llB.6 20·3 58 713 182 882 221 37·9 55·8 15·2 314 553

52 546 136 103.8 27.2 - 253 1113 480 385 16.4 l12.O <lJ.5 15 91 98 507 1.,248 47.5 - 16.7 14 85 16 53 10~ 21.1~ 53-9 15·2 2 14 41 185 192 22·9 - ll." 1 37 74 185 543 37.l 44.7 ~1.0 9 1,0 (,5 753 66 - 140.6 14·3 9 335

2,525 11,598 18,127 40.5 72·7 18.7 797 2,;36

9 73 llS 26.8 - 14·5 43 7 46& 953 1,921 21.0 2l.q 12.0 664 256 50 218 427 19·0 62.~ 34.3 13 132 84 755 1,231 48·3 - 23·6 1 146 28 495 96 210.0 173·1 27'3 - 182

2"f3 97<l 1,8" 20.6 81·5 16.7 32 ll9 161. 175 731 30.1 - 17·0 15 131 158 625 .1,"(62 50.3 B2.2 22.0 1 22"( 262 1,097 :;,680 45·3 95.C) 20·7 3 207

140 669 913 37·8 - 18.7 1 144 121 412 6'(7 31.8 81.2 20.0 3 65 :::51. 778 1,598 40.5 - 16.8 - 166 43 224 642 47.1 - 22.7 - 40

26 562 3~2 42·3 - 18.1 12 55 38 883 551 4".0 - 18·5 3 82 93 276 1,230 43.3 - l6.8 3 31

21? ~,~2;; '2,':'60 4h.6 62·7 20.0 3 3.6

697 -8,213 2,108 58.1 76.8 22.7 61 2,.12

2~ 402 47 II ••• - 10·9 - 62 24 125 103 95·S - 19·3 - 27 2,) 17 197 - 30.l. 13·Q - -62 1,018 12 LIFE: 117·3 13.4 60 327 ~S 23J 144 - 86.4 23·1 1 73 26 353 423 - 55.8 20.8 - 24

" 142 106 - 212·5 24.4 - 22 9 4Q 161 54.0 158,3 17·4 - 4

54 1,240 70 - 215.2 23.6 - 307 90 334 402 - 41·3 14.7 - 104

314 4,185 4~2 LIFE 5a.l 21. 4 - l,422 1 '.)S 1 - 22;.1 31·5 - 40

",

,!'

i ,

..

..

::':ir·~iV.'ll ... tr ............... .

2·!:line .o. .... , ........ . :i'eu' Jia..'1lI1cb1rc ......... . Vennont •••• , •••• '0 ••••

~~tlGllchuoctts ••••• ~ •• Rhode IslunJ •••• ~ • , •• Connecticut ••••••••••

11.\1 York (a) ....... .. Pennayl\"nnta ~"""'"

::()rth Central ...... ~ ......

Ohio ';""""0 , ••• _' Indiana. ~ ........... I"

IlHnoi ............ .. Miebigan •• ,.! ~;'4"" Wisconsin O' •••••••••••

r-11nnesota ............ . Iowa •.••••••••••••• ,. mGaouri ............ . !/orth j)!Ikota ....... .. Gouth ~kotl1 H •••••••

nebraska ••••••••••••• J(s.nsaa ••••••••••••• !.

cuti'l •••••••••••• 0 ••• 0 ...

Pelawr~ •..••••••.... lI.aryland ........... .. Diet. or Columbia .. .. Vir£rini3 ••••••••••••• ~rect Vir.;i.:~1a ••••••. 0

:¥orth Csrolina •••••• 0

South Ca.rolina. 0" 0 •••••

:~~~~ 1:a}~:::::::::: Kentuek;' .. , ......... . Tennessee ..... 0 ..... ~ ••

Alabama ............. . j.!iSGiDSippi ••.•••.•••

rlrkatl8!10 •••••••••• 0 ••

Louia1""" ........ , ... O)<1ahc:na ............ . Texas ................ .

WCGt ....... f •••••••••• '"

J.iontana •••••••••• 0 •••

Idaho .............. .. Wyoming ••••.•• ~""" ColoraJo •••••••••••.• He\( Mexico ••••••••••• Arizona ••.••••••••••• IltAh ................ . Nevada. 0 •••••••• 0 •••••

\/ashington .......... . Oregon. 0 .............. .

Ga.J.ifornla .......... . S"~· ... o.ii ..... ~ .......... .

T:1bl!: TC.~ .. TIME SERVED 1::'( FELO;;Y PHl:CC';i'ER.:~ !lEFORE FIfili'r F.ELI:JWb; FROH ~',rATC pru:CQ:~l1; 191.:0

{E~:!l\1iec. Al'J,tlt'l. IDll 1iew Jt'r~c:.'}

All f1rc.t

rc.teur;crJ

65,201

:~,914 1,4T~

3,I{'l l);;',~·J

-~J41L

3,:74 1 /103

t)~ __

ttl;:.

1,T;~ l::t~

-:;n '720 619

1,5e.2 1.,OS~ 2,376

E66

(j,,~

l, .... ~" 1,SC(~ ;~, in::'

449 228 214

1,050 3!!3 716 248 201

~~310 136

4,6:, 99

'Un;tcr 6

73 .l4

211

).6 b

31 7'

221

o'{

18 12

6 1.

( '/:no:::. under

1 year

11,3 "}

1(4 311

:;~,

131 17:;' 3,'7

1~-8 66 96

473 57

151 1.

59

80 22i, 146

1 ~':"..lr U1'l-1cr

1811"<'.

l,3?3 Hill ~to6

705 400

103 216 Sea 60

170 3"e 420

1,449

65 32 63

146 35

1.67 68 46

lC moo. unler .) yrl.~.

48 73 26

1112 103 135

52 32

346 79

843 19

:2 J~-:;.

u::.dcr 3,rc;.

l,7Ui

31 " 16

15'1 13 to

ltr'J+,"~ .... :s ~~

38 41. 18

171 III 196

61. 38

337 73

1.,469 33

68

3 yrc:. un.ier

h yro.

16

l 36 43 54 3~ II

119 65

61;1 12

4 yrn .. under ~ yro.

',860

5 1, 15

1,C).!

5 3

25 10 29 II

6

61 16

274 6

J'iro, unilct

9 ,"1'0.

'-',024

"

1. 1

'3 e l~

6 13 3~

17

" 4 ~1 7

25 18 e

9 yro. wtiel'"

15 :it;;.

1,110

164

1 ~

1 11

4 1

leG 3ti

10;

1 5 5

10

1

21 10 45 1

l~ y~s. ana; a\'Cr

7 3 J

313

1.

13

3 2

7 2

1Q

Hed1"" time

.ccrved (ill ""'lit),»)

16.7

18,7 20.0 IG.e 22.~{

Pcr.1ctJ.t Glo'l.'W'l

,. y<'.:l.ro Dr nero:

H.C

6.(.

'f,

Tabl. R3. --TIME SERVED BY FELONY PRISONERS BEFORE FIRST RELEASE FROM STATE PRISONS, BY OFFE:NSi:: 1900 (Excludes Alaska and New Jersey)

nO_'lon r..nl

.',jtnta

Un! ted £':,tate 0 .......

• ;')l'tllC:lrt: :,'r3ine •••••••••••••••• !:~.., U"1.":t!,ohil'c ......... . Ven:ont •••• ," ••••• 0 ••

l/'l:u:;c.).e.;ut~-+;to ••••••• I 1'.:.(;,.1(;' I~ln.n..! ••••••••• G(':.~:IC !tleut ......... ..

. :c" ~ol'l: (il) ......... Fc,moylvunl'.l •••••••••

Hcrth Central: 01~10 ' •••••• ~ •••••••••• Ir.~lnr.'l .............. . lllincd.c ........... , •• !·~ic!.li ~an •••• 0- •••• I •• + W,1.f:ll!o!131r •••••• 0 ••• to'

1,Ul~neCCt! ••••••••••••• IO'JEt •• " •••••••••••••• 1,11oLo:..z.rl ••••• 00 ••••••

':~rth !laket']. ••.•••••• out.: Dnl:otu •••••••••

::e:"'rack!l. ............. t l\Q.nc~o •••••••••••••• 0

~l~~":lre • 0 ••• ~ •• , .... 0

1·:::'",;1",1'1 ............ . Diet. (If r:;ol~J,.."!b!Q. • 0 ••

<;ll.';.;lnln .............. . Weu'!"" Vir::i:.~'l ..... H'

!1crt;l Carcllr .••.•••• ':"outh Curc11rln, •••••••

~~~~~ iT:::::::::: Kcnt:J.:!lt~· ." 0 •••••••••

Tenner.Gae •••••••••••• Alatarr.n .' ••••••••••••• M.f..oGio:;1~'IJ1 •••• 0 •••••

Ark!.U1cn~ •••••• 0 •••• 0.

Lcu!nltlnn ••••• 0 •••• o. Cl".l.:lh;ra • "0 ••••• f •••

're;{;J.S •• 00 ••••••••••• 1

Wectt M~ntan!l ...... 0 o •••••••

I.lo.;~c 0 ••• 00 .......... 0

;;~t~~~:o':::::::::::: : ::e:, !l.eXicco 0 .......... .

,~.rl;::'Qna •••••••• 0 •••••

Utah. 0 •••••••• 0 ••••••

:;evaja .0 ."0 ...... 0 0 •••

W:,ll>:lin,;tou •••• 0 ••••••

'Ore.:on ••••••••••••••• Co.lii'ornil1 •• '"" •••• '" •• i!:l~ia1i ••••• 0 ••• 0' .. 0"

All flrat rclcn~eo:

65,201

3,Y'i;J 1,125 ~,!.lS ;;.IS74 1,103

(Uj-~ b6;,

1,1~~ l:;tJ 317 ""(j Ai,)

44~" ~;2~ ~'1.4

1105~ '":f':f

116 241l :'C1

~1t'Jian tl'!:'lC

ccwc.l (it, t:lor,t .. c)

Ib.l lb,'; 1:.D 20.0

.,' ~

52.0

6O.c 132.0 7t1.~

31.2 33.3

104.0 43.~

AccuUlt

17·3

L=· .. ·.:~!..:.·I a;:c:ei't

auto t}u~ft Auto t!~aft

&1bc,3~lef"i,ent, fraul and forger,y

11.1,

1l.6

10., 16.8

~cx

cffenEea

30.0

Dl'Uil etl:or 1n.ws orfen.s(,l:

36.8

31'<' 14.7

2e.o

1.::.r.:

1:'.1 1~.8 12.b 1f-.r L'.2 ~. ~

l~.C 11.1

1 ______ ~--------~----~~ __ JL-____ ~ ______ ~ ____ ~ ____ ~ ______ ~ ______ ~ ________ ~ ____ _L __ ~ ____ ~

(a) Sec Table Rl for numerical breakdown of offenses. Median not shown where number of cases is less tha.n ten. tb) Numb~r o{ first releases estimated. (c) Median is highe-r than 180 months.

. ' < • .,

'II

•

i

Table R4.--TP,fE sER'lED BY FELOHY FRISO;/ERll 3EFOm: FIR.-"T RElL\S~ FROH STATE PRISO;i3, BY TYPE A:l0 Wi01:ll OF GElIrE:;Cl:: 1960

All fir!it r('lcnot;':< Relco.t(!o 0l1th 1nletel."t111n'l.tc t;entenee (a.)

Region snd

State

I·!~;H!lJ~

~:~~~r~) (in ;,r.t!lO)

N(!j1u.n I~r..:erlt

tl!:".t:: ti-ne vcrtfeJ :;""r\'t;!d of

(1n J:l~nt,''') ~~~~~(g}

Perc~nt ~r all firot

relC~1(;Qa

t,:C"dlnn ;;entcn,!c len~ll

(1n l:"1::mtI.S)

t.fed1an tiot'!

cervcJ. (1!> mont),n)

!lumber

Porcent or nu !'1rct

rcle9.octl

~:eJian

~:~~~~8) (in r.ontho)

MeJian t:1l:l~

~et"VcJ. (1n "ontho)

tf!"lltc.i ~tateo. • t •••••• • 1-0_··5_,c_~C_l-t-__ "_)?l_.1_-I1-_2_0_.9'--t-__ j'-5_.0_+~'-'5;..,t_-~'-'3-t-_;..:H:...-=3-1I-_ij_l_.·,:..· _-I-__ lb_' .-=9_+ __ 39:.:,:..':..1e-t __ tiO_.7'-i-_'·_~7:..._0_+ __ 2-=3:..._4-l

~:)rt'l"~'t .................... 7.<;71, '13.3 20.1 34.2 ~49 3,3 ti)..6 16.6 7,325 96., 73.' J5.4 ~-~----r-----+----+--~-----j----~----+---4---4------+----l

!.:a1:~(' ........ H........... 3;:~ 4:;'.t; 11.3 24.& 11. 3.5 ZOO.O 18.0 ;&5 96.5 44.9

:.::~;~~T'~~':~~.::::::::::::: 2t~ ~tt l~:i ~6:~ 22 9.1 l5.0 3 .. 3 ~53 l~:~ ~g:i :·!:lo",",.,.1;O:,"" ......... .... 8:'c b~.3 17.2 cO.4 101 32.) 76.0 13.3 'i1) [,7.7 85.3 fl".c>J.r,; IJ1'ln:i ... H ... ·..... ci ~6.~ 21.:1 47.'=: i-;:r 100.0 46-.4 21.G ~ofine't!,ut .... ..... ...... ;'c.: (J.6 1(.2 <3.3 21 3.& e7.~ 30.0 501 96.4 68.6

:;(:,\l' York(c) •••••••• ~ •••••• PE:.'r~rl=jl VU1\!U. ••••••• ~ •• ~ ~ ••

3,')lb 1,47"1

77.1 ,'&.6 37.1 81~4 31.2 3t.1.3

3,914 100.0 J.j 1,413 99.7

.;:)'tt:. -;l'n"~r'.l1. f •• ,.H ••• ·~ .... 17,~61 97.3 .:1.1 ':'l.7 ~,216 ':4.0 44.2 ~t..4 13)365 76.0 121.1

0,110 ...................... 1--3-,9-'-, 9-t---C1-O-' .-)-+--2-2-. 7--t---l-0-.E-;-It--E-6:+--2-,,-II--L-IFE---I--1-7B~· .-Z-+-3-,-:e-93-t--9-7"'.8:-t--ZO-6'C',"'4-+--2-2-1-! !r.1ior.n ................... l,E) l::j.ti 2';.0 :~1.6 -;4 b.b S?8 22.6 ).,lOSl 93.4 129.3 27.7

;~;11~~~!~ :::::::::::::::::: ~:~~~ l;~:t ~g:~ ~!:~ 2~ ~:~ l~~:i ;~:~ ~;~~~ ~:; Jg:~ ~g:g VltC.!CH:.t!\ .. ,~ ....... "' •• 0'. 1 , l03 ::.;: F,.2 3b.:::' 1,{';21 92.6 37.9 1~.8 b2 7.4 75.8 ~aa

~,llr.r.£"t:ai;l.l ••••••••••••••••• 682 !C'J(}, •••••••••••••••••••••• t:65 MiG;J:our! •••••••••••••••••• 1,155 '':crth. thkota •••...•••••••• 156 '"7.lth tal:;. ,:,tll. ••••••••••••• -.. jTr :!!''bracka ................... 721j

K9.ncas •••••• " ••••• ~....... c19

~Ot.1t!~ ~ ••••••••••• I ••••• #· •••• J~J7::::

t}pla.\lt!.r~ ••• / •••• Of ........ .

II.!1r'JlanJ •• ,. ••••••••••••••• D1st. or Coll.t':1l::itl ........ . Vir::tniu. ••••••••••••••..• , WC3t Vir ;in1n ••••••••••••• .;ortf:. Carc!!na. •.•••••••••. tcuth car:lir.;l • ~ • ~ •••.•. , ..

~~~~i~:(e)'::::::::::::::': : K!:ntu~ky •••• ~ ••••••••••••• 1£:nne::lt:l!e ••••••••••••••••• Alo.t~a .~ ......... ~ ...... ," •••••• Misr,1z£::!.~T1 ........... , ••••

Arkanca.e. ...... ~ •••• ~ ...... ~. LouiGianf.l ",. ~ ...... , •• , •• " • t·;ilal~O!r.o ., •• ~ ••••• ~ ••••• ,. teX'l<i ........ '" ................. ~

If" ~ 2,0 .. -0

(:1.0;; 1,')56

;:'3 ;:,833

9O!~ ;':,3:'7 2,777

<'-9" 1,,434 1,:106 4)7<"5

101..3 llO.4 :"7.~ 4u.C

:;:g :':'1.0

::IS'. -: J.~. -;;

1·1't...~~ -12.7

West.... .............. ....... 10,321 7;i.(,

14cntnnr:t ••••••••••••••••••• Ija:10 •• ~ •••••••• , ••••••••• W;,,·o:n.in~ ....... , .... ~ ..... ~~ .. "' ......... Colol'tlJc .••••••••••••••••• ;:ell l>!f.'xlC'GI •••••••••••••••• Ari.:ono, ...... '-~" •••• ~ ••• ~~ .. Utah ..................... 1.

.:evalll. •••••••••. j ••• t •••••

l:aEli~!n, -tjt,;. ~ ••••• f ••• , ..... f

Ore,::') •• •••• ~ •.••• f •• ' •• ' •• ~ California .................. ~ ... . 113.1,'o.ij •••••••••• of' ••••••• ~

i-----j-----__j_ 4.9 2:26 214

ll050 3b3 176 248 201

1,310 136

4,627 99

",,4..t. "5.4 30.1

ll7.'/ &7.2 )6.0

"~5.0 1,3.8

215.2 41.3 58 ••

223.1

15.7 :10.0 16.8

30.a

l·ledlans and percentases not shown whe,rc nUlIlbel" oi' caGiJS !e 1£ fiB than 12.

6 15

1,755 53

377 521

3

1;;;6 ~!JU7

3~ l,9S6

'6 1,095

·~6 001

2,410

l,5e2 t:3B

2,316 b65

ES8 l,4E'+ l,~':lrl l~4)S

735

12 4 4 ~

13

0.9 1·7

100.0 34.0

100.0 71.6 0.4

~S.7

100.0 73-5

G.O 100.0

&.4 38.1

100.0 3C.1 €6.B

100.0 58.6

~oo.o 100.0

39.3 100.0 100.0

31.2

7.1.

lGC.C 97.4

1.1 1.0 0.5 0.8 6.5

0.6

22.9 37.1

26.8 ::Lti 19.0 1.tl.3

~10.0 20.6 30.1 ,O·3 1~5.3

37.8 31.8 ltO.S 11-7.1

54.0

17·1

l4.5 12.~ 9.8

2).6 64.0 12.0 17.Q 22.8 20.4

18.7 18.6 16.!l 22.7

16.0 18.5 16.8 14.ti

10.9 19.3

lc8 .• 0

ll.6

141.8

103

763 606

555 1,738

1,526 367

6

6 214

1,038 379 772 246 188

1,310 736

4,598 99

99.1 103.8 9B,j ll2.0

66.0

28.4 99.6

C.1

100.0 100.0 99·4

100.0

5J.9

4/'.1 1100.6

T<?,7

173·1 81.5

82.2 95.0

30.1 ll7.3

B!l.l, 55.8

212.5 :158.3

2l~.2 "1.3 58.1

223.1

(e)

Ncd1an sentence leugths for all first releati.~c should not b-.! C')1I:.pare.d r~1n. State ... to .. st~te, beep-use tte Md;tana of the 1ndete;rmin';it~ Bentencea are computed £rom the rnaximuns, which are not equivalent to de!'in1te s~ntcncea.

(d) (el

l>erccnt or mcaiana. As toe two oedial15 being cOI:lpared are based ur,;m l!l":;uplflSG of dH.'i'crent- interV&l.G.I the perccntG can l10t be conSidered a~ ~ eorn.pa:r1eons;, r.o\lever,. they do il1unt'rate the dif'fering }'r6.~tlce~ 1U';ong tt:e Staten, as. vell as the l"C"lationnbip ... or lack or t\. relationship - 1:et .... een time served and centence 1engtt<. }.ietlian ot l!lIlXimwn of indeterminate sentence. l!ueber oZ firnt releaccc (:ati[;,Ated ..

70

24.g

Region nnd

State

Table RS. --TYPE AND LENGTH OF SENTENCE OF FELONY FIRST RELEASES FROM STATE PRISONS: 1960 (Exc:ludes Alaska and New Jersey)

Total I.ent~h of detio! tc zcntcnce length of maximuru of indeterminate sentence felony 1~-----n-------r-------r~----r------'r-------r------r-~)!,~c7~i~a~n--4------cr------.~~~~~~~r=~~~:=~:=~=------r~~----~ firrt 6 montho 2 years 5 years 10 years 20 yearn 6 months 2 years 5 years 10 yearc 20 years J.fedian

releaoes Total under untler under under ar.d LIFE l:~~~~nt~j Total under under under under and LIFE l:~~~n{:) 2 yearn 5 yearn 10, years 20 yenro over (in" ,J'.;,)uu .. c) 2 yearo 5 years 10 years 20 years o'Ver (in months)

United State. .... ..... 65,201 25,623 6,978 11,89$ 3,954 1,600 618 577 41.7 39,578 1,730 12,218 12,,64 8,850 3,525 291 87.0 r---~r--~r~~~--~--~~-+--~r---r---~~~~~4-~~~~~~~~~~-+----~

Northeact ........ ........ ....... 7,574 24~ 79 43 95 12 5 15 61.6 7,325 152 2,771 ;',247 849 231 75 73·7 r---3-~-?~----1~4~------+-----1-+----4--+-----~--~l--4------+--2-0-0-.0---+~~3a~5~r--~-+~~3-3~1~~-4-1~--~l3~}------}------+-~4~4-.9---4

1·Ia.1ne ••••••••••••••••••••••• New Ha:npshire ••••••••.•••.•• Vermont .•..........•.•...... !·hssachuectts .............. . Rhode Island .....••......... Connecticut .........•....•..

53 53 38 11 1 49·1 242 22 22 15.0 220 l03 95 19 3 26·7 220 101 31 58 4 76.0 719 2 167 45l 79 17 85·3 87 87 23 33 19 5 4 46.4

582 2l 1 3 11, 87.9 561 240 281 36 4 68.6

New Yori:(b) .. ............... 3,914 32 15

1,420 480

1,773 671

496 221

131 76

62 10

77·1 81.6 Pennsylvania........ ........ 1,477

Nnrth Centra1 ..........•........

Ohio ...................... .. Indiana •...............•.... Illinois .................... . l-lichigsn ................... . 'rlisconcin ............ 0- ••••••

l·1innesota ..•................ Io\."a •......••.....•.••• I ••••

l·11Eizouri ..................... . Itorth Dai:ota ...•............ South Da!~ota •••••••••••••••• P.ebra::;~~ •••••••••••••••••••• Kanr.a.c ••.•••••••••••••••••••

3,1)79 l,125 2,4l8 3,574 l,103

682 6£5

1,755 156 377 72;; &19

4,216

86 74

23l 74

1,021

C l5

l,755 53

377 ~21

3

2

13 l.

~l 201 l73

2

2,359

15 36 C

572

559

1 40 8

125

1 274

3 28 79

67

1.6 22

1

101

BG 3

15

2

6

20

LIFE 52.8 93·3

172.1 37·9

16.4 47.5 21.4 22·9 ":loll'.l

3,893 ~JC51 2,18', 3,50:)

82

676 8,0

105

207 BiG

347

11Q 1 3

14 146

480 13

848 973 43

78 50

3,555

593 476 715 794 1~

337 264

33

35

4,1'91

1,160 1'72 393

1,559 10

175 325

2,146

1,622 84 III

147 6

52 65

289 89

6 31 26 1

20

1

206.4 129·3 70.6

118.6 55·8

l03·8 112.0

53·9

South .................. ........ 29,725 20,423 5,990 9,235 3,120 1,208 I'b( 378 1,0·5 9,302 655 3,312 3,230 l,~Ol; 460 41 ,2.,· ~~1-6-6-H--~18~6~~~G~7~+-~--76-.-~~~V~,-+--~-5--r-~=--+~~--+---2-U-.. -&--4-~=--4~--~-4~~=-4--=~--+-~~--~~~-+---=--~--~~--~

D2lawre ............ ; ...•... l·ar'Jland ••..•.•...•..•••.. ". District, of ColUll'.bia ••.•.••• Virginia ................... . West Virginia ............. o. north Carolina ...... 0.0 •••••

South Curolinn. ............... .

~~~r~(bj':::: :::: ::::: ::::: Kentucl~ ••• 0 ••••••••••••••••

Tennesr;-ee ••••• 0 •••••••••••••

Alabama 0.' •••• 0 •••••••••••••

Hisslsoip:pi ......... 0 •••••••

Ar:~nGas .................... . IDuioia)1a .................. . C~ lal':one. ..................... . Texas ....................... .

"Test ..•.•.••..•••.••.•.•••.••••.

J.Iontana. ••••••••••••••••••••• Idaho ...................... . \lyoming .................... . Colorado .0 •••••••••••••.•. '0 New ll.ex1co .....•..••.••••••. Ari~ona •• 0 ••• - •••••••••••••••

Utah ...................... .. Nevada ~ •••••.•••••••••••••.•

lfaohlngton ................ .. Oregon •••••••••••••••••••••• California 0 •••••••••••••••••

HallaH .................... ..

2,880 2J 1l7 l,2L9 518 199 101 2; 21.0 763 ('4~ 39 ;;,.1 6 4 1 1 19·0 cOo

l, ')5G 1, 9~~ 344 963 410 1b~ ,,8 15 21~: ~ 2,m 1,09; &77 288 5i ~~ 5g ') 20.G

906 9J" 404 291 110 53 15 33 30.1 2, :,: r U61 ll7 429 169 54 35 57 50·3 2,777 2,410 571 1,072 1,82 l6B 87 30 4;·3

1,,32 l,08~ 2,376

86G

891• 1,434 1,506 4,7(;5

10,32l

449 228 2ll,

1,050 383 770 248 201

l'f~2 4,627

99

&60 1,434 l,SOe 1,495

735

12 4 I, 2

13

29

,02 753 186 61 40 261 269 62 28 7 715 1,029 335 191 oT lTT 399 140 47 18

208 1,64 153 48 l5 241 G85 400 94 8 307 831 224 89 31 53 1,162 leO 37 9

122 259 l74 106

111 200 56

3

82 88

35 71

4

40 11 39 85

6 24 24

48

8

4 2 2

29

LIFE

54.0

LIFE

555 1,738

l,52G 367

G

3,290

6 214

1,038 379 772 246 18G

l,~~9 "U

4,598 99

(a) l-1edianc not sho'.tn 11her~ number of caoes 1.1 leno tlan 12. (b) Number of i'irct releases es.timated .

.,.

28

15

15

576

9. 27 31 82 1

2 200 l4l

270 236

1 513

522 43

148

1

1 89

217 89

344 11 16

350 2,216

1

45 224

6: 716

652 193

177

3

1 30

288 l58 250

74 40

26 121

1,923 21

1

354

1,906

4 ,3

471 73 72 48

119

790 44

250 32

14

15 140

98 25

22

l46

688

18 26 20 8;;

3

472 12

8 44

2

39

90

17 2 4

27 10

20 9

1

~:~ 173·l 81·5

82.2 95·0

30.l ll7·3 86.4 55.8

212·5 158·3

215·2 41·3 56.1

22j.l

,.\

~,

r3ble R6.--PERCEllTAQE DISTlllTlUTIO:l OF FELOIlY FIRST RELEASES FROH S'm1'E lilllSO:iS, llY Ol'FEllSR: 1960

... (Excludes Alaoka und flew Jersey. Compare with Table Ill)

'Potal Region felony Larceny,

Auto Embezzlement 1

Sex Dl'\l£l Other a.nd fi~c' llomieiJe Robbery !\coauJ.t Bur,.llary except fraud and state releaoeD auto theft theft forgery offenses 20.\18 offenses

Uni tf'd Gtntes ........ 10Cl.O 5.4 10.6 5.6 26·9 14.3 4.8 14.5 S. !~ 4.2 8.2

Jlorth.aot .................. 100.0 4.3 17-2 8.8 22,6 13.1 5.2 4.9 8.0 9·2 6.7

Maine o •••••••••••••• ~ ••• 100.0 2.3 4.0 9·0 26.6 14.8 5.8 13·5 14.3 - 9.8 I1ew )!runpshire ....... ~ ... 100.0 5.7 - 15.1 3,:/.6 - 7.5 7.5 11.3 - 13·~ Vermont ................. KO,O 0.4 1.7 14,9 ~4.8 11.2 2.9 14.5 8.7 - 2l.1 l!.a.ssachusett::; ........... 100.0 3.7 24·3 6.5 ~.8 g.o 5.0 2.2 12.8 4·9 8.9 Rl;ocle Iolond ............ 100.0 11.5 11.5 6.9 39.1 3.4 2.3 g.2 2·3 1,.6 9.2 Connecticut ............. 100.0 2.t! 8.4 7.4 25.4 7.6 9.6 5.5 g.8 7.7 16.3

!;e11 York(a) .............. 100.0 4.3 19·4 10.4 16.1 16.7 6.0 3.5 5.2 14.2 4.4 Pennsylvania ............ 100.0 6.1 IB.3 ').2 35.6 8.7 2.1 5.4 10.6 3·5 4.5

;;ort~j Central .............. 100.0 ),.0 12.2 3.1 27.2 12.2 6.5 16.0 6.4 3·3 9.2

OiliO . ~ ................... 100.0 :+.4 12·5 2.7 30·7 8.4 8.8 15·7 5.9 3.0 7·9 In,liana ................. 100.0 3.6 ,·9 2.1 31.7 16.3 5.9 1.5.6 3·3 0·5 13.1 lllinol~ ................ 1CC.O ,/.1 27.4 1.5 26.4 6.3 5.4 1.8 6.5 9·1 2., Hichican ................ 100.(; 3.0 11.0 4.0 24.5 17·1 6.4 9.9 6·9 4·9 11·7 Witi.cansin ...................... lOQ.O 1.4 7-3 4.9 26·7 7.5 6.4 14.3 13·1 1·7 16.;

!·Ur,nccota ............... 100.0 4.1 6.1 3.5 18.6 22.1< ll.O 16.0 8.4 0.3 '1.6 Iowa .................... 1CO.O 3.1 6.tt 4.4 16.5 11.9 6.7 25.0 7.4 1·5 16.5 Htt.oouri ................ 100.0 4.1 ll.G 3.4 34.0 15.5 4.2 16.5 4.0 ;t.l 5.6 :,ort~, Da1tota •...••••.••. 100.0 2.6 '1.tI 3.8 21.6 10·3 4.5 30.1 7.1 - 10·3 sout:.: Dskotu ............ 100.0 O.b i.6 2.9 16·1 18.8 0.3 l.O.O 8.2 - 10.9 !;cbrask:J. •••• 0 ••• • ••••••• 1e·o.c 1'.9 1+.4 2.6 23·8 10.0 5.8 35.0 5.2 0.1 10.2 I\an8az ..... ~ ............ 100.0 1.1 1·1 2.4 29·5 12.0 5.0 30·2 1'.0 0.1 7.9

;~cut!t ...................... lOC.a 7.2- 8.0 6.9 29.6 17.0 3.8 12.6 4.0 2.4 8.5

Delaware ~ ... ~ ....................... 100.0 1.0 9·'[ 9., 1'5.2 4.3 0.5 16.1 O.~ 2.2 4.8 Mary1anit ................. 100.0 ;:,6 8" 15.9 19·8 21.4 4.8 5.3 3·7 2.2 l.6.2 Dist. Qf Co1wnbiu . ...... 100.0 5.4 14.9 10.1 16.6 8.7 8.7 11.0 5·6 11.3 7.8 Vir:;ini" ........ ~ ....... 100.0 7·9 7.6 14.2 30.8 18.5 3.6 7.6 4.7 0·9 4.2 "eat Vir~inlo. ... , ....... lOO.O 5.6 5.1 4.7 31·6 24:8 - 13.8 3.4 0·3 4.7 ~orth Cnrolino. .......... 100.0 11.ll 7.2 5·0 32·3 8.9 7.<1 13.0 1,.6 0.3 9.6 ~outh Carolina .. , ...... '. 100.0 8.1 5.6 9.3 29.5 14.2 0.8 9. 4 3.9 1.2 18.1 Geo.t'giU {a)' ............. 100.0 10.3 13.6 7.0 36.6 5.0 11.4 10.5 3·5 0·5 6.6 FlorHa .............. 100.0 6.3 10.0 8.5 28.2 12.0 6.1 12.1 5.4 1·9 9.!1

Kentuol<y ................. 1oo.C ).7 5." 4.1> 28.6 20.9 2.9 15.4 3.8 0.6 8.8 "Tennessee ............ ~ .. 100.0 10.1 6.2 5.5 22.2 26.4 2.4 12·5 2.9 0·7 11.1 Alab= .. . ~ ........... " ........ 100.(1 8.2 2.5 5.4 24·9 28.4 . U.2 :1.3 2.1 11,.8 Mi?Si65iJJpl .............. 100.0 18.2 5.4 8.3 27.S· 21.1 - 8.5 5.2 0·3 5.0

i\r]ro.nsac ................ 100.0 5.B 9.7 3.2 36.2 21.3 0.1 15.4 5·1 0.1 2.9 LouiGiuna ............... 100.0 7.7 10.8 5.2 31.9 21.8 0.2 10·7 3·7 5·3 2.6 Oklnhona ................ 100.0 3·3 7.8 2·9 29.6 17.1 6.6 22.0 3·7 0·9 0.2 TeXIlS ........ , .......... 100.0 5.1 8.9 2.1 33·3 16.6 0.4 18.6 4.0 6.5 4.6

West ·1····················· 100.0 3.2 10.7 3.7 22.3 11.2 ".4 24.5 5·7 7.5 6.8

Hentana ................. 100.0 3.8 4.7 3.8 17·8 14.0 2.4 39.4 '1.3 0.2 6.5 rual10 ................ , .. 100.0 2.6 4.8 3.5 29.4 11.0 - 36.0 1.8 0.4 10.5 Wyominf,\ ................. 100.0 0·5 5.1 2., 14.0 12.6 3.3 46.7 1.4 0.5 13.6 Co~oraUo ................ 100.0 2.8 9.4 2·9 30.0 12.0 4.7 23.7 4.0 2.8 7.8 Ire'\{ Mexico ••••••••• -4 •••• 100.0 4.4 6.5 3·9 15·7 13.6 8.4 28.5 4. 1, 5.5 9.1 Arizona ................. 100.0 4.8 8.4 9.9 22.2 13.4 0·5 28.0 6.3 3.2 3. ll Utah .................... 100.0 1.6 6.0 4.8 25·4 10.5 - 41.1 8.5 0.4 1.6 !1eva.aa .••..•...•. 0 •••••• 100.0 8.0 15.4 3.5 27·4 14.9 . 20.4 2.5 3.5 I..;;

\-lashinston .............. 100.0 3.6 6.9 3.4 26·7 20.2 10.8 15.6 7·3 1.5 4.l Ore:;an .................. 100.0 2·3 6.3 2·9 23·2 12.2 3.0 30.0 6.8 1.1 12.2 California .............. 100.0 3.0 14.8 3.2 19.4 7·5 4.1 21.7 5.3 14.3 6.8 lIawuii .................. 100.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 38.4 6.1 - 27·3 19.2 . 1.0

{a) number of first relee.t;.cz ~st1msterJ. •

..

72

Tabl0 n',.--l'IME SERVED !lY FEI1J:n: PJUSO:lERfi DEFORE FIRST RELEASE FIlOl,! STATE l'JUSO:IE: l'l!l1EE-Y£An I11TERVALS 1951-1960

(Exdude. Ml.chi~an for 1951; !lew Jercey tor 1960; HUwaii for 1~51, 1954, o.nJ 1957; alla Alarka for o.ll yearc)

1960 1951 (a) 1954 (a)

Re:~1on or~.t I·!t'Jlu..'1 Pe:J'cent H~1l1an Percent Median Percent

r'tGtc ltU:"JbC!r

t1rr-.c- Gerveu. liu:~ber

t!:rr.e served Number time !:er"lci EerveJ 5 yearn zervcl 5 years servei 5 years

(in r:;.cnths) or more (in menthOl or core (in months) or mOre

U .. ,ttt'\: St!1t(~:~ •• 65,201 21 8.7 56,307 21 9·:1. ~8J'r84 21 10·3

;j"rthcuct; t'~1ne ..... ~.o. •••••.•• 399 11 3.3 366 10 7.1 227 11 6.1 ::f'V :~mpI'JI.l re ....... ,.1 12 9.4 80 16 7.5 76 16 14.5 Vermont •.•••.• " •.•.. .~42 9 0.8 168 9 1.2 160 9 4.4 MaGDu<!llu.c;ctto •••• o. •• 8eo 17 5·0 838 18 B.6 578 <9 15.4 nU;Je Inla.nl •.... o. •• 87 ~2 17·2 95 .23 ll.6 77 21 1.3 Contl.("c,tif!llt ... ~ ~ ~ .. ~ ...... sez 16 3·3 549 111 4.7 467 19 6·9 Hew York (e) .... ~ .... 3,91" 29 12.5 3,220 30 10.4 3,318 27 14.4 He\,' Jerscy .......... (u) (d) Cd) 1,359 19 8.5 1,118 19 ll.3 Fen'-'lei 1 vania. I •••• ~ • t 1,4"7 31 16.1 1,363 ,0 19.6 1,271 36 26.1

:lorth Central: 01:10 ••• 0, •.•••••••• ~ ".'I t"'"'" ,:3 10.0 2,942 24 ll.5 ~,J511 25 12.5 ... ,., In11Q.L1]. ......... eo ••• 1/12~ c8 12.) 1,017 21 ll.4 1,131 24 13.6 nl1hoic / ......•... 0 2,418 30 16.2 2,046 30 14.6 1,835 34 22.1 MiCl:1c:n."l • I •••••••••• 3,574 20 5.7 3,026 21 8.1 d,595 19 ll.4 W1GI!onnin •••• 1 ••• ___ • 1,103 15 1.1 1,129 14 3.0 1.,100 15 2.0

Hlnn(!£Jota ••••••••.• _ 662 27 6.7 677 27 9.7 514 29 ll·5 lova. ••.....•..... ~ .. 865 '24 B.o 782 211 8.4 598 24 6.0 Hiaoouri .....••••... 1,755 17 6.7 1,678 16 6·3 1,344 16 5.5 !;Ol"th Do.kotn. ......... 156 15 a.6 126 16 6.3 99 13 6.1 Coutl; Dakota. ~ ••••••• 317 11 2.4 304 10 2·3 298 1() 5. 4 Ilcbro.Okil ••••.••.•.•• 728 ~7 2·9 569 18 4.2 56<! 17 3·;, l\I1nCf.l.o •••••••••••••• 819 1~ 4.9 878 12 6.6 739 17 9·7

couth; Delaware eo ••• o ••• to. 18ti ~5 5.4 154 1.2 0.6 83 15 6.0 f-br"/land ••••.•.•..•. 2880 1.2 4.4 G,976 11 3.0 2,806 10 3.3 Dint. uf ColUlubla •• ~ , 645 34 20.5 569 31 16.0 494 27 10.1 Vir,~lnlu ., ••••••••• t 1,986 24 12.8 1,108 18 11.6 1,678 19 1.2.6 \feCit Vlrt!lnio. ,.; •.•• 593 ~7 12.6 590 28 21..0 796 36 21·9 North Carolina ••.•• ; 2,833 17 10.2 2,280 17 13·9 1,157 25 19.2 ::Cuth cafotin ....... go6 17 13.2 791 12 9.6 736 12 B.8 Georgia (e')" .......... , 2,387 22 ll.6 1,858 19 11.7 1,650 20 J.O.7 Floriua i! • I ••••• I. j 2,m 21 5·5 2,067 20 7.1 1,239 22 B.l

J(entuck;! ............ 1,582 19 7.6 1,4115 18 9·2 1,]22 18 9.8 Temleooc-e ..•••.... oj 1,069 20 10.4 1,035 24 12.5 848 24 11.4 Alub:;ur.:l. • 0 ............ 2,~~ 17 9·1 1,723 18 12.5 1,496 18 9·7 1{!.uo1""!rri ......... 23 14.5 634 24 11.5 547 30 14.1

Arkv.nLU.!l .................. 894 18 7.0 714 19 S.l 563 r; 5.7 Lout!.iinnn •••••••••.• 1,434 19 7.9 1,307 18 8.1 854 20 9.3 Qj~llbor..a ~o. j ••••• ot, 1,506 17 7.3 1,2511 16 5.1 1,126 18 6.6 'I'oxu.a ••••• 0 ••••••••• 4,785 20 9.2 3,413 20 6.8 2,988 16 5.1

WIJC":.: ll>ntnrcl ............. 449 11 4.9 452 10 2.0 344 15 1.7 X,mho ............... 228 19 2.6 271 18 4.1 246 18 4.1 l/yo.."linJ ............. n4 13 2.3 152 15 2.0 141 15 2.1 ~olorw.10 ••••••••••• 0 1,050 13 3.7 889 14 5.6 817 10 2·7 Hew "texico .•........ 383 23 3.1 355 18 5.6 418 11 1.2 Art~·.on£l,. •••••••• ~ ••• , 776 2l 1'.9 558 15 4.7 519 16 5.4 Utnh ................ 248 24 8.9 184 .1 1.2.5 177 29 14.1 UCvod5 •• 0." ......... 201 17 4.5 208 18 1.9 185 17 6.5

W'pohittcrton .•.••••• ,. 1,310 24 6.9 828 25 11.6 797 20 9·9 Orcf:on ............... '136 15 6.0 753 2() 9.0 666 20 B.6 Cal1fcrnin .•. 0 •••••• 4,627 27 7. 4 3,927 27 7.4 3,473 28 7.9 i!:l\!u1i ............ ,.. 99 32 19·2 (d) (d) (d) (d) (d) Cd)

Flt~Ul'eO arc btltcd upon unpubliohe.1 data..

!11 Ban¢J. upon Uo.ta (,lIl)l1ahed in National Prisoner StatisticG rerort, ~ fieleased ~ ~ ~ ~ Inat1tutionll) !22!: .. Fil'ot re)...ellccn t'ctlt1l1ltcJ tor -1960. Data not a.vn11ubl.e. Fif:ureo: cet1mnte;1 for ~951 on linD!": Of rOllons for 6 rr.ontfio ..

73

Number

45,171

355 87

11'3 715 1.25 346

2,755 11292 1,546

2,474 1,13g 1,865

(d) 1,067

561 621

1,413 132 266 565 785

76 2,301

539 1,486

512 1.,108

552 1,640 J.,449

1,352 1,023 1,636

633

647 1,046 1,045 2,648

392 245 236 782 410 406 256 99

935 636

2,827 (d)

Ita;

19,1 (b) ...

f.!edja.n Percent time aerved

Elerved 5 years (in months) or more

21 10.1

10 2.0 16 8.0 9 2.8

30 15.0 19 6.4 19 8.1.

3J. 17.0 20 8.7 31 21.7

24 13.2 24 9.0 35 20.3

Cd) (d) 16 2·9

25 5·7 24 5.8 16 6., 12 3.0 12 2.6 18 2·7 16 7·1

10 6.6 13 3-9 25 5.4 18 ll.4 i 34 25.Q 28 J.8.3 13 4.9 22 16.9 23 7.5

18 9.5 24 10.4 19 11.4 22 11.4

16 6.2 17 10·5 15 4.5 16 6.2

1.2 1.0 16 1.2 16 3.8 10 4.3 12 3·7 17 3.4 21 4.3 16 2.0

17 13.7 16 4.2 30 8.7

(d) (d)

'. ,

v. INDEX

•

...

,

•

SUBJECT

Age (see, also, "Federal Prisoners") ~ __ •• ___ • __ • ____ ••..•. _, Court Commitments _"'" .. , .. ' ____ . _______ • ______ -. ____ . Method of P,'asentatian:

wi~g~:~_~:-~_-W;::--;:_-::-j:::j-::~~ Year-end Prison PopUlation ___ ._. _____ .... _. ____ ._. ___ __

TEXT PAGE NUMBER

1,2,5-7,11,13,15,24,25,27,20 1,2,5-7,11,13,15,2'1,25

6,7,24,27,20 1,2,5,6,11,13,15 1,2,11,13,15,25,29 1,2,6,7,13,15 1,24,25 27,29 2,5-7,11,13,15,27,29

Alabama (see, also, "AI! States") _ .. __ . ,_. _____________ .. 16,32,33,35,37 Alaska • __________ .. __ . _______ .• _._ .. _._. ____ . __ . ___ . ___ • 3 All Regions .•. _._ .•.. ,. _____ ..... _. 18

AI! States _______________ . ___ . ____ • ____ .. '. __ . -. ____ . __ 17,28,30,31 Arizona (see "All States") _ .•... ___ .. ___ ._ ..• ___ ._ ••... _. Arkansas (see "All States") ...... __ ._ ..... __ • __ _

Bil·thplace. • __ ._. _ .• _. ____ .• _ .• _. ____ ._._ ... _. ____ ... __ . 2,4,38

t~w~~n St~t;s-===::~====== __ ~~==========~== ~=:=~=~:===: 2,38 Year-end Prison PopUlation . ______________ • ___ . 2,38

California (see, also, "All States") _ ... __ •. __ .. _____ • __ .. 18,21,23,32,33,35,36,38,39 Colorado (see, also, "AU States") _ ............ ___ . ________ .. _. 36,37,39 Commitments, Pdor (see "Recidivism") • ,_ .. _._ •. ___ ._<--.. • Connecticut (see "All States") . ___ . ______ ... _____________ .

Court Commtiments (sec, also, "Federal Prisoners") _. __ .. _. All Court Commitments _ "' __ '_'_' _ .. __ • _____ • ________ . Death Sentences . __ .. __ •. ___ ._ •.. _____________________ .. Fclony ______________ • ____ ••• __ • ______ . ___ . _________ _

Age ______________ • _____ • _. ____ . ___________________ .. Marital Status _. ____ ... __ ... __________ • _. __________ ._ •. Offense _____ . ____________ • _____ • ________ . ___________ .. Prior Years __________ • ___________ • _______________ •.

1950 ___ . ______________ .-._. ____________________ _ 1956 __________________________________ • ________ _

Race _________________ . ___________________________ .

I:~~~~~~ ~~~~:~====:=~===:=======:==:::::::==~:===:: Indefinite Sentences _____________________ . ____________ . Juveniles _________________________________ .. __________ . Misdemeanants _.-____________________ • _____________ _

1-4,5-26,38,39 5 5 1,2,5-26,38,39 1,2,5-7,11,13,15,2,1,25 1,38,39 1,6,8·15,24-26 3,9,10,13,18,19 9,10,13,18,19

1,5-7,12-15,19,25 1,16,18-26 1,16-25 1,5 5 5 5

Delaware (see, also, "All States"} _______ . _______________ . 16,36,37 District of Columbia (see, also, "All States") _____________ . 3,26,27,32,36,38 Federal Prisoners ______________________________________ .

Court Commitments _________________________________ __ Age ____________________ .-________________________ . Marital Status _____________________________________ . Offense _______________________________ . ____________ . Race ______ • _______________________________________ .

Releases ___________________ . _________________________ . First Releases _____________________________________ .

Method of Release ____________________ .. ___________ . Re-Releases _______________________________________ .

Year-end Prison Population __________________________ _ Offense _____________________________ .. _____________ .

3,5,9,39 5,9,39 5 39 9 5 39 39 39 30 9 9

Florida (see, also, "All States") ______ ._. ________________ . 18,32,33,35,39 Georgia (see, also, "All States") ________________________ •. 3,10,18,21,23,32,33,35,39 Hawaii (see, also, "All States") __________________________ 10,16,18,27,36·39 Idaho (see "All States") ______________ • _______________ _ Illinois (see, also, "All States") ________________________ . 18,21,23,27,32,33,35,36,38 Indiana (see, also, "All States") ________________________ . 21,36·39 Iowa (see "All States") _____________________________ - __ • Kansas (see, also, "All States") ___ .. ______________________ 36,37,39 Kentucky (see, also, "All States") • ______________________ . 16,33,35,37 Length of Sentence (see "Sentence Length") ______________ -Louisiana (see, also, "All States") ______________________ . 16,32,35 Maine (see, also, "All States") _________ ._. _____ .. _________ . 27,36

TABLE NUiJWER

Ai,A6-A9,Pl, P6-P9 Al,A6-AD

A6,A 7,A9,P6,P7,PO Al,AB,Pl,P8 A6·A9,P6,P8,PO A6-A8,P6·P8 A9 P9 Pl,P6-P9

Al-A4,Al1,A12,Pl-P5,P10,Rl,R2, R4-R6 AI-A5,A11,A12,Pl-P5,P10,R1-R7

P1 P1 Pi Pi

A1-A12 Al A1 Al-A12 Al,A6-A9 A1 Al,A5-A11 A12 A12 A12 Al,A6-AS,AiO A l-A5,A9,Al0,A12 Al-A5,A12 A1 Al Ai Al

(Note: All data presented herein are for State institutions only, unless otherwise indicated)

SUBJECT

Marital Status (sec, also, "Federal Prisoner~") Court Commitments _ _ _ _ _ __________ . ______ . Divorced or Separuted _ ... e ••• , _. _ •• __ •• _ •.• ______________ •

Married ____ eo. _ •••• ________ • __ • __ •••• ___ • ____________ •

Single ____ •• ______ • _____ • _________ • _________________ . 'Widowed S _. ______________ . ___________________________ . Year·end Prison Population _ .. __ .e ._. __ ... _ . ___ .

Maryland (see, also, "All States") Massachusetts (sec "All States")

Method of Release (see, also, "Federal Prisoners") Conditional .. _. __ • _____________ . Parole '. • .. _ ..•.. ________ ._. ____ .. _ Other . __ • "'_' ____ e.

Escape . _ ... _ First Releases _ •. ___ •. ____ .••.....•.. _. ___ _ Good Time Laws ._.. ___ , __ ._ Othel' than Parole • __ .•.. ., __ .•... Sentence Type Unconditional . __ ._ .. __ •• _.

Commutation

Michigan (see, also, "All States") _ Minnesota (sec, also, "All States") Missouri (see, also, "All States") _ Mississippi (sec, also "All States") Montana (sec, also, "All States") _. Nebraska (sec, also, "All States") Nevada (sec, also, "All States") ...•... New Hampshire (see, also, "All States") New Jersey _ ...• , .•.••.•. _ .... _ . New Mexico (see "All States") '_'" .. _ New York (see, also, "All States") . _ _ _. __________ • North Carolina (see, also, "All States") ..... _____ ._._. __ '" North Central Region, The (see, also, "All Regions") .. __ •. North Dakota (see "All States") ._ ..• __ . __ .... __ ._._. _' __ ' Northeast, The (see, also, "All Regions")

Offense (see, also, "Federal Prisoners") ••.• _ .. _ .. Age .... Categories:

Assault ... _ ..... ._ ........ _. __ •. _._. __ .. Auto Theft _ •• ____ .. "-... __ ..... ___ . __ ...... _. Burglary .. __ .___ _ .. __ ... __ ... _. ______ . Dl'ug Laws ,_." .. _ .... __ .. ___ •••. _____ ._ .. _. ___ ... Embezzlement, Forgery and Fraud . _ .. _. ____ • _ .. ___ ._. Homicid~ ._. ___ .... _ . ____ • ___ •• _ .• _________ _ Larceny. Except Auto Theft _ _ _ __ .. ___ •.. _._. Other Offenses _ ••• ___ ... _ ... __ Robuel'y __ .... _. ______ .. __ _ Sex Offenses •.• _ ... _ .• _._ ._______ _. __ .. ___ ... __ • Violent Offenses (Except Sex) . _____ ._. __ ..

Court Commitments __ ... ______ ._. _____________ ... First Releases _ _ _ _ ... __ . ______ __ lYIisdemeanol's _ ... _ __ . __ . ____________ •.. "_. Prior Years _ _ . __ . __ . ______ . _______ .

1950 • _____ .. . .... _. ___ ... . Race _._._ .. '_' _._. ____ ._ ... __ . __ .. .. Sentence Length __ . __ ." ." __ ._ Sentence Type ______ . ____ . Time Served _ •.•• ____ __ Year-end Prison POJlulation

TEXT PAGE NUMBER

1,2,38,39 1,38,39

1,2,38,39 1,2,38,39 1,2,38,39 1,2,39 2,38,39

18,32,33,35·37

1,·1,5,16,26,38,39 1,5,16,26,38,39 1,5,16,26,38,39 5,16,26,38 5,26 1,39 16 38 16.39 16,38 16

3,10,18,21,23,32,33,35,37,39 36,38 16,33,35 3,16,32 16,27,36 33,37 37,39 16,27,36 3,10,30

16,18,21,23,32,33,35,36,38 18,21,23,32,33,35 16,19

16,26,39

1·4,6,8·15,24-26,29,32·34 1,2,11,13,15,25,29

1,8-15,25,26,32,34 2,6,8·15,25,26,32,34 1,2,6,8·15,25,26,32,34 1.6,8-15,24-26,32,34 1,2,6,8,10-15,25,26,33,34 1,2.8·15,24·26,29,32,34 6,8,10-15,24-26,29,33,34 1,8,10-12,14,15,24·26,29,33,34 8-15,24-26,29,33,34 8·12,14,15,24-26,33,34 9,13 1,6,8·15,24-26 1,8,9,29,32-34 3 9,10,13 9,10,13 1,2,12-15,25 1,24-26 24,25 1,29,32·34 2,8,9,11·15,29,34

Ohio (see, also, "All States") __ ._ ...... __ ._ .. ____ ._. ___ .. 18,21,23,32,33,35,37,39 Oklahoma (sec, also, "All States") • _ . ____ .. _. __ ........ _._.. 16,33,35 Oregon (see, also, "All States") _____ •. _ •. ___ ._._.________ 16,18 Pennsylvania (see, also, "All States") _. ___ ._ .. _ ... _. ____ ._. 21,23,27,33,35,36,38,39 Prior· Commitments (see "Recidivism") .• _._ . ___ . __________ . • Puerto Rico __ ... _. ______ . __ .... __ •.•. ___________ ._. ___ . ___

Race (see, also, "Federal Prisoners") _______ . __ ._ .... ___ • __ Age ._ .. _. __ ... ___ ..... _______ ... "'_'" .... _. ___ Court Commitments _____ .. ____________ .. ______ ......... ___ . Non-White ._ ....... _. .. _____ ..... __ •. __ . ____ , _______ .

American Indian __ .. _ •.. _. ___ ...... _ .•.. , ___ . __ . _______ _ Negro __ •..... ______ •• ___ .__ . __ .... _ ._. Other _ •. _. __ . _ .. __ . _____ _

Offense _. __ .. ___ _ .. __ .. _._. Sentence Lcngth _______ . __ .. __ . _____ •. ___ __ White .... _. _. ______ .. ______ .. Year·cnd Prison Population _

1,2,4·7,12-15,19,25 1,2,6,7,13,15 1,5·7,12·15,19,25 1,2,5·7,12.15,19,25 5 5 5 1,2,12.15,25 1,19,25 1,2,5-7,12-15,19,25 1,2,5·7,12-15

AI,Pl Al Al,P1 AI,P1 A1,P1 AI,Pl PI

Rl Rl R1

R1

Rl

TABLE NUIIWER

A12,R7

A1,A5.All,Pl,P4·P j O,R1,R3,RG A6·A9,P6-P9

A1,A5.A11,Pl,P4·P10,R1,R3,R6 Al,A5·All,Pl,P4·PI0,R1,R3,RG A1,A5.Al1,P1,P4·PlO,R1,R3,R6 A1,A5·All,Pl,P4·P10,Rl,R3,R6 A1,A5·All,P1,P4.P10,R1,R3,R6 A1,A5·All,P1,P4.P10,Rl,R3,R6 A1,A5·Al1,Pl,P4·PI0,R1,R3,R6 Al,A5·Al1,P1,P4-P10,R1,R3,R6 A1,A5·Al1,P1,P4·P10,R1,R3,R6 A1,A5·A11,PI,P4·P10,Rl,R3,R6

A1,A5·All R1,R3,R6

A6·A8,AI0,P6·P8 A5,A9,AIO A5 P5,P9,R3 P1,P4·P10

PI

AI,A6·A8,A10,P1,P6·P8 A6·A8,P6.P8 A1,AH·A8, A10 Al,AG-A8,A10,P1,P6·P8

AIl.A8,A10,PG·P8 AlO AI,A6·A8,AIO,PI,P6·P8 P1,P6-P8

.j ..... ,'

"

~ \

,- , F

,..

---- - - ------ - -

SUBJECT TEXT PAGE NUMBER

Recidivism __ " ________ , _________ .. ________________ , ______ , 2,38,39 Prior Commitments __________________________________ " 2,39

None _______ .. ______ ' .. _____ '.' ... _________ . ____________ . _ One 01' Morc ________ .... ___ .. __ . _________ .. _____________ 2,39

Year-end Pt'ison Population ___________________________ . 2,38,:l9

Releases (see, also, "Federal Prisoners") • _______ ._. _______ . All Releases _. _____ •....• _. __ • _________________________ . First Releases _______ • ___ . ___ ._ .. ___ ... ________________ .

Deaths .. ____________ .. __ .. __ ._, _______________________ . Felony First Rele/lses ______ . ________ •. __________ . " __ .

Method of Release ___________ • _. ____________ • ____ . Offense ___________ ••.•. _________________________ , Prio)' Years ____________ ... ______ ... _________ • _____ .

1951 ___ .. ____________ .. _____ •• _ .. ____ • _______ •• __ . 1954 ___________ • ___ .... _. ___________ .. _ ... __ • ____ . 1957 ____________ ... _ .. ______ . ___ ". __ •• __ .. ___ .

Sentence Length ________ ' ______ .... _. __ Sentence Type _... ___________ .... _ .. _______ .. _. ___ .. Sex __ . _____________________ . __ • _________________ . Time Served ______ .... _______ . ___ .. ________ . ______ .

Indefinite Sentences __ . __ .. __ , ____________ - ____________ . Juv~nnes ______ .. _ .. ____________ . __________________ . Misdetrteanants .. _____________ . .._ ______ • __ . _________ ...

ne-Releases _._. _. ____________________________________ .

Rhode Island (see, also, "All States")

Sentence Length.. . __ .... _ . _______ .. __________ ", Age ._ ... __ .... __ .......... '_ .. __ .. __ ... __ ._ .... ___________ _ Court Commitments ____ .______________ .... _____ .... _. First Releases _____ ... _... ••.• __ .. Method of Presentation:

1,3-5,8,9,16,19,22,23,25-39 5 1,5,8,9,16,18,19,22,23,25-39 5 1,3-5,8,9,16,18,19,22,23,25-39 l,lil,38,39 l,8,Il,29,32-34 27,29,30 27,29,30 29 29 1,16,19,22,23,29,35-37,39 1,16,18,19,22,23,29,35,38,39 1,5 1,25,38 5 5 5 5

16

1-4,13,16,18-26,29,35-39 1,24,25 1,16,18-26 1,16,19,22,23,29,35-37,39

Grouped Intervals _______ • _______ .. _____ ... __ ... ____ -__ 20,22 Combined Definite & Indeterminate Maximum _. _____ . -Definite ___ . _ .... __ • ___ •. ___ •. _____________________ , 20,22

Indeterminate _________________________ -' ___________ . 20,22 Maximum _______________________________________ . 20,22 Minimum _ . _______ . ___ .. _____________________________ . 20

Median S~ntencc Lengt:h _ .... _ .• ___ . ____________________ •. 1,2,18,19,21,23-26,29,35-37,39 Combined Definite & Ind(Itel'minatc Maximum _______ .. 19,24,26,29,36,37,39 Definite _________ .. _ •. _____ . _______________________ . 1,2,18,19,23,24,25,29,35 Indeterminate ___ .• _ ... __ ........ _____ . _________ • ______ .... 1,2,18,19,21,23,24,25,29,35

Maximum ________ • _______ • _ .. __ .. _ .. _ •. __ . __ ..... _.. 1,2,18,19,21,23,24,25,29,35 lI1inimum ...._ .. _ ... "_'" 1,18,19,21

Offense __ ..... _ ........... _ ... ___ • ____ . __ . ______ ._. _ .. _ 1,24-2ti Prior Years ________ ........ __ . ______ .. _ ... --_ ... ____ .... _.. 19

1950 ______ ... ____________ ... _ .... ___ .... _ .. _________ 19 1956 ___ ._ . __ ... _ .... ___ ._... ".'_ .. - ____________ .

Race _____________ ... ___ ._. -_._ Sentence Type ___ •. ____ ... _ .. ___ ........ - -_ .•. _. _ .... _ ..... . Time Serve". __ • ______________ .... _ .. - __ ... ____ • - ___ _ Year-end Prison Population __ ._.-- .. -_ •.•• __ . _____ .. _

Sentence Type _ .. _ _ _ _ __ . _____ .. Court Commitments .. ______ . -- ________ ... Definite ___ .. _ .... __ . _.. _. __ .... _ ... ______ . First Releases __ ... ___ .' . ---... ________ __ Indefinite ____________ .. __ • _ .. ___ .. _________ .. _ Indeterminate _______ - . __ •. ___ .. __ .. __ ..... __ ._ .... Method of Release _ .. ______ ..... _ • _______ -. __ .... ___ .. Offense ____ " ... ________ .... ___ • ____ •. _________ . Pdor ~ears .. ___________ ... _ .. _ .... ________________ -_

1950 ... _____ .. ___ .. _. _ ... ___ -______________ .. ____ • ______ _ 1956 __________ ._ ..... __ ...... _._ ... ___________________ _

Sentence J,ength ________ .. ___ .•.. - __ ---- __________ _ Time Served _______________________________ . _________ . Year-end Prison Popullltion .. - .. _. _. ________ .. _____ - .. - ..

Sex _________________ . _________ ." ... ___ • _____________ .. _ Court Commitments ___ ... ____ ... _ . ____________________ --. Female ____________________ . ___ . ___ .. __________ . ______ . First Releases .. __ .. __ . __________ ... , ___ ._. ___ ..... _______ " __ Male ___________________ - ___ .... ______________ • ________ . Year-end Prison PopUlation _______ .. _._. ___ . __ __

South Carolina (see, also, ","-II States") - ... South Dakota (see, also, "All States") ___ - ______ . _ .. _____ .. _ .. South, The (see, also, II All Regions") ________ ... _. __________ . Tennessee (see "All States") ... __ . ________ . ____ .. ________ _ Texas (see, also, "All States") _. _____________ • __ • _______ .

1,25 1,2,16,18-25,29,35,38,39 1,16,29,35·38 2,16,19,22,38

1,2,4,13,16-25,29,35,38,39 1,16-25 1,2,16-20,22,24-25,29,35,38 1,16,18,19,22,23,211,35,38,39 4,5,16 1,2,16,18-26,29,35,38,311 16,39 24,25 18,19 18,19

1,2,16,18-25,29,35,38,39 1,2,16,29,35,38 2,18,19,22,38

1,5 ~,5 1,5 1 1,5,18,1::,,38

16,37 16,27,36,37 16,10,26,39

18,21,23,32,33,35

TABLE NUMBER

PI PI PI P1 PI

R1-R7 RI Rl-R7 RI RI-R7 R1 Rl,R3,RG R7 R7 R7 R7 Rl,R4,R5 Rl,R4,R5 Rl Rl.R4,R7 .Rl R1 ni R1

A1-A5,A9,AIO,A12,P1.P3,R1,R4,R5 A.9 A1-A5,A9,A10,A12 Rl,R4,R5

A2-A4,P2,P5 A3 A2,A3,P2,R5 A2-A4,P2,R5 A2,A3,P2,R5 A3,A4 AI-A5,A9,A10,A12,P1-P3,R1,R4,R5 A3,A9,AI0,P3,R4 A1-A3,A5,AI2,PI-P3,R1,R4,R5 AI-A5,A12,PI-P3,R1,R4,R5 Al-A3,A5,A12,PI-P3,Rl,R4,R5 Al,A4 A5,A9,AIO A12 A12 A12 AIO Al-A5,AI2,Pl·P3,Rl,R4,n5 R4 PI-P3

A1-A5,AI2,PI-PS,Rl,R4,R5 AI-A5,A12 A1-A3,A5,A12,P1-P3,Rl,R4,R5 Rl,R4,R5 A1,Pl,Rl AI-A5,A12,PI-P3,Rl,R4,Rii

A5 A12 A12 A12 AI-A5,A12,P1-P3,Rl,R4,R5 P3,R4 pi-pa

AI,Pl,Rl Ai At,Pl,Rl Rl A1,Pi,RI P1

SUBJECT

Time Served •.• _ .. , _ .... _. Age __ •.. "_ "_"_' ... _._ ._ .. First Relih;~es _________ .. _____ .... l\fethod of Presentation:

Grouped Intervals ... _.. ___ .... _ .. __ . Median Time Served ........ ____ ._ ..• _____ .. _,. Modal Time Served.. . .... ___ . _. ___ .. __ .. _

Offense __________________ .. _ ....... ______ ... __ ... _ Percent Served 5 Years 01' More .. ____ ... __ Prior Years ... . .. __ .. ________ .. _____ • ___ .. , .... ___ .

1951 ........... __ .... ___ .. ____ ._ .. ________ _ 1054 ___ .. ______ .. ___ ... ___ .. ._ .. ____ • ________ •. 1057 ___ • __ ... '_ ... ______ •• _,,_ ..

Sentence Length ... __ _ ____ .......... ___ .. Sentence Type ________________ ... __ Yeal'-end Prison PopUlation ...._ .. ___ _

'type of Sentence (see "Sentence Type") _. _ ..... _ .. Utah (sec, also, "All States") ....... ____ . _____________ .... Vermont (see, also, "All States") .... _. __ ......... __ .... __ ..... ___ . Virginia (see, also, "All States") ____ ..... ________ . Washington (see, alsol "All States") .... _ .... __ . West, The (see, also, ' All Regions") . .. ___________ . West Virginia (see, also, "All States") . Wisconsin (see, also, "All States") _. _ .. _ .. . Wyoming (see, also, "All States") _ .••. _ .... _. __ ................ _.

Year-end Prison Population (see, also, "Federal Prisoners")

All Prisoners Confined ... Boal'ded Pi'isoners .... _ ._ .. __ ........ ___ ..... _ .... __ ........... __ .. __ Dcath Sentences __ ........ . ...... _ Felony Prisoners _________ .... _

An Felony Prisoners Age ___ ..... _ .... ____ ... ___ . Birthplace __ .. Marital Status .. ._ . __ Offense _______ ... ____ ....... __ Race ______ ._ .... .. Recidivism __ ... __ . _ . Sentence Length __ ... _____ .. ______ . Sentence Type.. '"_ ................ __ ... _ .. Sex _______ .. _ .... _ ..... __ .. _______ ... _....... __ ..... __ _ Continuously Confined Felony Prisoners Age .___ .. ___ ... _. _______ . _____ ..... __ .

Offense .... _ ... __ . _ ..... ___ ... _._ .. ______ .... _ .. Race ............ _ ........... _. _ .. _ ........ _____ ... ____ ._ .... _ Sentence Length ... ___ . __ .... _ ......... _. Sentence T~pe .... .. 'rime Served _ ........ _ .. ___ ...... _ ...

Indefinite Sentences ..... _ ...... _ .. __ .. Juveniles ........... ____ .... ________ .. . __ ....... _ .. ___ ... _ Misdemeanants ....... ___ ..... _. Unsentenced Prisoners

TEXT PAGE NUMBER

1,2,16,10,25-38 27,29 1,25-38

26,27 1,2,19,26-38 26 1,29,32-34 1,26,27,29 27,29,80 27,29.30 20 20 1,29,30-38 1,2,20,35,38 2,25-27,29,34,38

36-89 27,36,37 16,32,33,35,39 16,18,23,32,35,37,39 16,19,26 3639 16,33.37 16,36,37

1-9,11-16,18,19,22,25-27,29,3<1, 38,39 5

5 1,2,5-9,11-16,18,10,22,25-27,29, 34,38,39 1,2,5,8,9,16,18,19,22,38,39 2,5 2,38 2,38,39 2,8.!l 1,2,5 2,38,39 2,16,19,22 2,18,19,22 1,5 1,2,5-9,11-15,18,25-27,29,34,38 2,5-7.11,13,15,27,29 2,8,9,11-15,29,34 1,2,6,7,12-15 38 2,18,38 2,25-27,29,34,3B 5 5 5 5

FPI·ERO-!·2 6.65·3 M·2 9 2

TABLE NUMBER

P3,P5,P9,RI-R4,R7 pg RI-R4,R'i

R2 P3,P5,P9,Rl-R4,R7

P5,PO,R3 R2,R7 R7 R7 R7 R'i' P3,Rd P3,R4 P3,P5,P9

Pl-PI0 Pl PI Pl

Pl-PlO Pl,P2,PlO Pl Pl Pl Pl,PlO PI Pl Pl,P2 Pl,P2 Pl P3-PO PG-PO P4-PO P6-PS pa pa P3,P5,P(I Pl Pl PI Pl

.~.

c,

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