New Borders and the Arab-Refugee Problem
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Transcript of New Borders and the Arab-Refugee Problem
New Borders and the Arab-Refugee Problem
War of Independence Naqba
Causes
• Nov. 1947 The UN decision on Partition:
– Jewish State– Jerusalem as international city under UN– Arab State
• Arabs against partition
Stages
Stage One - Nov. 29 1947—May 15 1948“Civil War” under the Mandate
Begins with Arab attacks in Jerusalem
War on roads all over Palestine
USA retreats from Partition, for temporary UN Trusteeship
May 14 1948 The British leave Palestine
Stage TwoMay 15 1948—January 7 1949
May 15 1948• Declaration of the State of Israel• Invasion of Arab military forces:
• Egypt • Jordan• Iraq• Lebanon• SyriaHistoric debates about the balance of powers
Jan. 7 1949 end of military actions
April 1949 First Armistice Agreement-Jordan
July 1949 Last Armistice Agreement - Syria
Territorial Outcomes
• Jewish State larger than designed
• No Palestinian state
Territories designed for Palestinian stateAnnexed by:
IsraelJordan – West BankEgypt – Gaza Strip
Demographic Outcomes
• Before the war• Total population 1947 – 2,000,000• Jewish 650,000• Arab 1,350,000
• Anticipated in Partition-Israel• Jews in Israel (60%) 650,000• Arabs in Israel (40%) 450,000• Total 1,100,000•• Arabs in the Palestinian state 900,000
Following the WarFollowing the War
► Arab refugeesArab refugees 700,000700,000► more than half of the Arab populationmore than half of the Arab population
To Arab countriesTo Arab countries► The Historic debate about the causesThe Historic debate about the causes
► Remaining Arabs in IsraelRemaining Arabs in Israel160,000160,000 Rate of Arabs in Israel 1949 14%Rate of Arabs in Israel 1949 14%
► December 11 1949 UN Resolution 194December 11 1949 UN Resolution 194 The Right of ReturnThe Right of Return