New Bentgrasses
description
Transcript of New Bentgrasses
Improving Turfgrass Through Research
New Bentgrasses
Dr. Leah A. Brilman
Improving Turfgrass Through Research
• Combine different species and types one trial– Differential herbicide/fungicide response– Different requirements for thatch control
• NTEP Trials at Universities - United States National Turfgrass Evaluation Program - www.ntep.org– Most not managed as on golf course– Less mowing, mowing height different– No traffic– More trials this cycle with no or reduced fungicides
• Fairway and Greens trials - Greens trial on soil and sand Some varieties in only one trial due to seed availability
Bentgrass Trials
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Management influences - Four sands / One cultivar
Bentgrass Trials
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• Standard varieties - Lower density, horizontal growth– Seaside, Penncross, Penneagle, Pennlinks
• Improved varieties - Moderate density for greens, tees and fairways :– Providence, SR 1020, Crenshaw, Seaside II, Trueline, Backspin, Putter, Cato,
Century, Princeville, Cobra, Viper, Grand Prix, Bengal, Mariner, Regent, Imperial, ProCup, Southshore, 18th Green
• More upright, versatile• Less thatch for fairways• Disease and stress resistance important characteristics for selection
Creeping bentgrass
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• Improved - Moderate high density for greens, tees and fairways – SR 1150, SR 1119, Brighton (SR 1120), Sandhill, Ninety-six two, L-93, LS-
44, Alpha, Independence, Bengal, Penneagle II, Pennlinks II, Benchmark DSR, 13-M
• Higher density than older cultivars - Upright growth• Slightly more potential for thatch - watch fertility• Most moderately fine texture• Select for important disease resistance, color, stress tolerance
Creeping bentgrass
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• Versatile varieties - High Density for greens, tees and fairways– 007 (DSB), MacKenzie, Memorial, Kingpin
• High density but with upright growth so more versatile• Low tendency for Bentgrass Bloat - scalping• Slightly greater thatch management needs• Low Poa annua invasion• May be combined with Ultra for greens or improved types in fairway blends
Creeping bentgrass
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• Ultra varieties - Very high density - greens– Tyee, Authority, T-1, Shark, CY-2, Declaration - new ones this type– Penn G-2, G-6, A-1, A-2, A-4, G-1 - all from selections at Augusta, GA - very
similar genetics
• Some high thatch producers - must have budget and equipment to control, some newer upright growth
• Slower repair aerification holes, ball marks• Use smaller diameter holes, topdress frequently• Upright, dense growth - good at low height• Good wear tolerance
Creeping bentgrass
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• Divot repair rate– Variable by cultivar - Penncross not fastest despite reputation– Cover may be greater but not fully repaired
• Higher density varieties sometimes ballmark less but some recover slower
• All bentgrasses - use sand/seed repair mix• Add Chewings fescue into repair mix for faster germination• Waiting for 6 weeks to grow in for repair = Poa annua
Creeping bentgrass
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• Damage control study Clemson, University– Repair of damage from 2 inch hole in June and August– Repair rate differed by type - standard and improved typically better than dense.
Percent repair after 6 weeks 1998Cultivar June Aug. Cultivar June Aug. Penncross 43 33 Crenshaw 33 45Southshore 41 36 Penn G-2 32 36Putter 41 39 Crens/Cato 31 37Pennlinks 41 33 Cato 30 37Mariner 39 28 Penn A-1 30 35Viper 38 37 Penn G-1 30 30SR 1020 37 35 Providence 29 35SR 1119 37 34 Penn A-4 29 35L-93 36 45 Penn G-6 27 33Dominant 34 46 LSD @ 5% 10 11
Creeping bentgrass
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• Versatile type with Ultra Greens performance• Stress tolerant germplasm• High turf quality - Greens, tees and fairways• Very high density - All seasons - less thatch• Bright medium green color• Fine leaf texture• Reduced fertilizer requirement• Winter-active growth• High resistance to dollar spot, brown patch and Fusarium
patch
MacKenzie creeping bentgrass
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MacKenzie Creeping Bentgrass
Rutgers Univ.
July, 2004
Fairway Trial
High stress resistance
SR 1119 MacKenzie
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MacKenzie Creeping Bentgrass
Utah State University
July, 2005
Comparison with Kingpin
Brighter color, densitySR 1119 MacKenzie
Kingpin MacKenzie
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MacKenzie Creeping BentgrassGreens Trial
Caledonia G.C.
Chiba Prefecture
Japan
Kingpin Mackenzie
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Density of Creeping bentgrass cultivars in Japan. Greens Trial at Caldonian G.C. Chiba Prefecture Japan. Greenkeeper Mr. Ishii
Seeded May 9, 2006, Data taken on August 25, 2006 (4 reps)
Cultivar Stems / sq. cm.
MacKenzie 22.8
SR 1150 22.0
Authority 19.0
LS-44 19.0
T-1 18.0
Penn G-2 15.8
Grandprix 15.4
CY-2 15.4
L-93 15.0
Penncross 10.4
MacKenzie creeping bentgrass
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Percent establishment ratings of Creeping Bentgrass cultivars on a green at Raleigh, NC 2003 NTEP – Putting Green 2004 Data
Cultivar Nov. 03 Mean
007 (DSB) 91.7 96.0
MacKenzie (SRX 1GPD) 85.0 93.2
Pennlinks II 81.7 90.9
Shark 80.0 90.3
T-1 83.3 90.3
Tyee (SRX 1GD) 80.0 88.1
Benchmark DSR 78.3 87.2
Penncross 75.0 85.9
Kingpin 78.3 85.6
Authority 75.0 85.6
Independence 70.0 83.6
Penn A-1 71.7 82.6
Declaration 68.3 80.6
LSD @ 5% 22.7 14.7
MacKenzie creeping bentgrass
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Density of creeping bentgrass cultivars in greens trials. 2003 NTEP Trial 2005 Data
Turfgrass Density ratings 1-9, 9 = Highest Density
Summer Fall
Cultivar Density Density
MacKenzie 7.8 7.5
Tyee 7.5 7.3
Shark 7.4 7.2
Authority 7.4 7.2
Benchmark DSR 7.3 6.6
007 7.3 6.6
T-1 7.3 7.3
CY-2 7.2 6.7
Declaration 7.3 6.8
Memorial 7.1 7.2
Alpha 6.8 6.8
Penn A-1 6.8 6.8
Pennlinks II 6.3 6.2
Penncross 5.7 5.6
LSD @ 5% 0.4 0.7
MacKenzie creeping bentgrass
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Quality ratings of Creeping Bentgrass cultivars on a soil green at twelve locations.
2003 NTEP – Putting Green 2005 Data
Turfgrass Quality ratings 1-9, 9 = Ideal Turf
Cultivar Quality Cultivar Quality
MacKenzie 6.7 Benchmark DSR 6.4
Declaration 6.7 T-1 6.4
Authority 6.7 Penn A-1 6.3
CY-2 6.6 Alpha 6.2
Memorial 6.6 Pennlinks II 5.8
007 (DSB) 6.5 Penncross 5.4
Tyee (SRX 1GD) 6.5
Kingpin 6.5 LSD @ 5% 0.2
MacKenzie creeping bentgrass
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Quality ratings of Creeping Bentgrass cultivars grown on a green at 10 locations using an 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) or lower cutting height
2003 NTEP – Putting Green 2005 Data
Turfgrass Quality ratings 1-9, 9 = Ideal Turf
Cultivar Quality Cultivar Quality
Declaration 6.8 Memorial 6.4
MacKenzie 6.7 T-1 6.3
Authority 6.7 Benchmark DSR 6.2
Tyee (SRX 1GD) 6.6 Alpha 6.0
CY-2 6.6 Pennlinks II 5.5
Penn A-1 6.5 Penncross 5.0
007 (DSB) 6.5
Kingpin 6.4 LSD @ 5% 0.2
MacKenzie creeping bentgrass
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Brown patch ratings of Creeping Bentgrass cultivars on a green at Blacksburg, VA.
2003 NTEP – Putting Green 2004 Data
Brown Patch ratings 1-9, 9 = No diseaseCultivar Mean
MacKenzie (SRX 1GPD) 8.5
Kingpin 8.5
Alpha 8.3
CY-2 8.3
Tyee (SRX 1GD) 8.2
Memorial 8.0
Penncross 8.0
Shark 8.0
Pennlinks II 7.5
T-1 7.5
Declaration 7.3
Benchmark DSR 7.2
Penn A-1 7.2
LSD @ 5% 1.7
MacKenzie creeping bentgrass
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MacKenzie Creeping Bentgrass
Puyallup, WA
July, 2006
Resists Poa annua
MacKenzie
Kingpin Mackenzie
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MacKenzie Creeping Bentgrass
Rutgers, NJ
Fairway trial
August, 2006
38 degrees C
95% humidity
SR 1119 and MacKenzieKingpin Mackenzie
SR 1119 MacKenzie
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MacKenzie Creeping Bentgrass
Rutgers, NJ
Greens established 2003
August, 2006
38 degrees C
95% humidity
High Density, growingKingpin Mackenzie
Improving Turfgrass Through Research
• Benefits– Excellent performance all year-round– Very high density but upright growth– Uniform putting surface– Excellent wear tolerance– Excellent summer performance– Reduced fungicide requirements– Reduced ball marks– High performance greens, tees, fairways
MacKenzie creeping bentgrass
Improving Turfgrass Through Research
• Moderate high density type• Ideal for green, tees and fairways• Excellent turf quality• Excellent dollar spot and brown patch resistance• Leaf texture and density matches Dominant blends• Vigorous, moderately dense growth• Bright, dark green color
SR 1150 creeping bentgrass
Improving Turfgrass Through Research
SR 1150 Creeping Bentgrass
• Rutgers University
– Dr. Stacy Bonos• Dollar Spot resistant• Moderately high density for
greens and fairways• Color, texture match with
SR 1119, Brighton, Sandhill• High turf quality• High Brown Patch resistancePicture Rutgers Univ., Fairway Trial, July 04
SR 1150
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Percent dollar spot ratings of Creeping Bentgrass cultivars on a fairway or tee at Lexington, KY. 2003 NTEP – Fairway or tee 2004 Data
Cultivar % dollar spot
Declaration 0.6
Pennlinks II 3.4
SR 1150 (SRX 1PDH) 5.3
Kingpin 5.4
Mackenzie 7.4
Penncross 8.6
L-93 8.7
SR 1119 8.9
Alpha 9.1
Shark 9.3
T-1 12.2
Independence 17.1
LSD @ 5% 4.5
SR 1150 Creeping bentgrass
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Quality ratings of Creeping Bentgrass cultivars grown on a fairway under
Traffic Stress in Madison, WI
2003 NTEP – Fairway/Tee 2005 Data
Turfgrass Quality ratings 1-9, 9 = Ideal Turf
Cultivar Quality Cultivar Quality
Shark 7.4 L-93 6.5
SR 1150 7.3 T-1 6.5
Kingpin 7.1 Penncross 6.4
Alpha 6.9 Bengal 6.2
Authority 6.8 Declaration 6.2
LS-44 6.8 Pennlinks II 6.1
Princeville 6.6 Seaside 5.2
Independence 6.5 LSD @ 5% 1.3
SR 1150 creeping bentgrass
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Density of Creeping bentgrass cultivars in Japan. Greens Trial at Caldonian G.C. Chiba Prefecture Japan. Greenkeeper Mr. Ishii
Seeded May 9, 2006, Data taken on August 25, 2006 (4 reps)
Cultivar Stems / sq. cm.
MacKenzie 22.8
SR 1150 22.0
Authority 19.0
LS-44 19.0
T-1 18.0
Penn G-2 15.8
Grandprix 15.4
CY-2 15.4
L-93 15.0
Penncross 10.4
SR 1150 Density
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Quality ratings of Creeping Bentgrass cultivars grown on a fairway under
Reduced Fungicides at Farmingdale, NY - Creeping bentgrasses
2003 NTEP – Fairway/Tee 2005 Data
Turfgrass Quality ratings 1-9, 9 = Ideal Turf
Cultivar Quality Cultivar Quality
SR 1150 7.0 T-1 6.6
Pennlinks II 6.9 Kingpin 6.5
Shark 6.9 MacKenzie 6.4
Indepedence 6.8 L-93 6.4
SR 1119 6.6 Authority 6.4
LS-44 6.6 Alpha 6.2
Penncross 6.6 Declaration 6.1
Princeville 6.6 LSD @ 5% 0.4
SR 1150 creeping bentgrass
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SR 1150 Creeping Bentgrass
• Temperature of 38 degrees C
• Humidity 95%• Low fungicides• Low N
Picture Rutgers Univ., NJ Fairway Trial, August, 2006
SR 1150 SR 1119
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• Benefits– Versatile for use on greens, tees and fairways– Lower maintenance requirements– High performance – Reduced fungicides– Increased genetic diversity
SR 1150 creeping bentgrass
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Testing Blend performance at Rutgers University, NJTyee / 007
SR 1150 / SR 1119
Mackenzie / Sandhill
007 / SR 1150
007 / SR 1119 (Dominant X-treme 7 - N.A.)
007 / Mackenzie
007 / Mackenzie / Tyee
Brighton / Sandhill
Tyee / SR 7200
Creeping bentgrass blends
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Bentgrass Strategies
• Dollar spot resistance - New Michigan State, WI germplasm
• Stress tolerant - germplasm from AZ with salt and heat tolerance + improved winter color
• Dense types without excessive thatch
• Improved varieties to blend with current stable
• Salt tolerance
• Snow mold resistance for northern areas
Improving Turfgrass Through Research
Kentucky Bluegrass Types
Dr. Leah A. Brilman
Improving Turfgrass Through Research
Kentucky Bluegrass• Strengths
– Self-repairing
– High lateral stability
– High recuperative ability
– Dense stand, high quality
– Excellent mowing quality
– High cold tolerance
– Some cultivars with improved drought tolerance
– Select a blend of types depending on use
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Kentucky Bluegrass• Weaknesses
– Poa annua invasion - less options in herbicides - new ones coming on market
– Slow germination and establishment - heavier seeding rates better
– Shade tolerance cultivar dependent
– Bluegrass billbugs
– Must mix cultivars carefully - use different types to match strengths and weaknesses
– Not adapted to some regions
Improving Turfgrass Through Research
Kentucky Bluegrass Types
Compact Types CELA Type
Compact BVMG Type
Midnight Shamrock type
America Cheri Type
Aggressive Type Julia Type
Bellevue Type Common Type
Mid-Atlantic Type Other Type
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Kentucky Bluegrass Types
• These types have been verified by DNA analysis
• Cultivars in most types are closely related genetically – Often no or very small DNA differences
• If planting all of one type = all of one cultivar
• Greater DNA differences in Aggressive / Mid-Atlantic types - based more on performance
• Performance strengths and weaknesses are the same within a type
Improving Turfgrass Through Research
Why Blends and Mixtures• Kentucky bluegrass apomictic• Cultivar = Single genotype - other turfgrass species
are mixture of genotypes• Vegetative cultivars comparison• Vegetative bentgrasses • Vegetative bermudas, zoysias, St. Augustine• Merion Kentucky bluegrass - stripe smut• Not just for disease resistance
Improving Turfgrass Through Research
Blending bluegrassesKentucky bluegrass• Melting-out resistance of blend of two cultivars intermediate
between same cultivars in monostands• Inoculum from susceptible cultivar reduced resistance of
resistant cultivar• Blends of two cultivars generally show resistance
intermediate between each alone(Vargas and Turgeon, 1980. Proc. Third ITRC 45-52.)
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Blending bluegrassesEarly blend analysis - Dr. Funk, Rutgers
Sprigged out plants to ID Aggressive types dominatedAggressive types based on invasion in plots
New DNA techniques allow blend analysis (Lickfeldt et al, 2002. Crop Sci. 42:842-847.) 3-way blend - Unique, Midnight, BlacksburgDifferent management and % of each at seedingFinal composition, 40% U, 46% M, 14% B
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Blending bluegrassesWhy combine types in blends?Each type has weakness as well as strengthsSingle type has weaknesses
Midnight types - powdery mildew, winter color, rust susceptibility as seedlingsAmerica types - not as dark greenAggressive - dominate in blendsShamrock types - billbug susceptibleBVMG - Very stemmy turf, poor winter performance, stripe smut susceptible
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Conclusions• Blends do provide benefit• Learning long term blend peformance• Kentucky bluegrasses difficult to breed• Cooperative work breeders and NTEP to define
types and publish• Looking at competitiveness in different
environments and management• Never use more than 15% perennial ryegrass to
maintain at least 50% bluegrass
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Kentucky Bluegrass Types
NJ Wear - Spring, summer and fall wear (multi - use field)
High performers Low performers
Compact America
Midnight BVMG
Julia Cheri
Aggressive Common
Mid-Atlantic
Repeat with wear, compaction different seasons
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Kentucky Bluegrass TypesWI Wear trial - fall wear
Combined with perennial ryegrass varying percentages
Only obtained 50% KBG with less than 15% rye
No difference between Midnight types, BVMG types, Aggressive types
Common types less wear tolerant
Midnight, Fairfax more dominant in blends
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Compact TypesCompact, Midnight, America
Low, compact growth
High quality turf
1/2 inch cutting height
Excellent resistance to Leaf Spot
Long Winter dormancy
Variable under Summer stress
Often purple Winter color
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Compact TypeArgos Indigo Glade Blue-tastic
Alpine Moonlight Ram 1 Ascot
Moonshadow Nugget Nugget Hallmark
Blacksburg P-105 Amazon Skye
Blackstone Platini Apex Blue Max
Conni Broadway Goldstar Amazon
Wildwood Diva Chicago II
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Midnight Type1. Characteristics of compact type
2. Excellent wear tolerance
3. Very dark green color
4. Late Spring green-up
5. Good heat tolerance
6. Susceptible to powdery mildew
7. Variable resistance to Summer Patch
8. Not good in shade sites
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Midnight TypeArcadia Midnight Barrister Odyssey EverGlade
Quantum Leap
Award NuGlade Midnight Star
Total Eclipse
Blue Velvet Awesome Perfection NuDestiny Everest
Rhythm Impact Tsunami Ginney Absolute
Freedom III Liberator Midnight II Beyond Freedom II
Alexa Excursion Rugby II
Bluestone Courtyard
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Aggressive Type
Aggressive lateral growth
Should have one in Sports Turf Blends
High shoot density
Very wear tolerant
Quickly knit sod and repair
May predominate in blend
Variable in other characteristics
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Aggressive TypeCheetah Julius Northstar
Orfeo Bariris P-104
Touchdown Mystic
Limousine Brunswick
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Orfeo Kentucky
• Aggressive cultivar
• Fast germination and establishment - germination in 3 - 5 days
• Superior germination with high salt levels
• High wear tolerance
• High sod strength
• Tolerant of low light intensity
• Medium green color
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Germination percentage of Kentucky bluegrass varieties at 5,000 ppm salts
Preliminary data after 3 weeks
Cultivar % Germ Cultivar % Germ
Orfeo 38 SR 2284 4
SR 2109 36 Spitfire 3
Baron 24 Bandera 3
Northstar 10 Argos 3
Arcadia 8 Moonlight 0
STR 2959 6 Moonshadow 0
Showcase 4 Touchdown 0
Ulysses 4 LSD @ 5% 4
Salt germination bluegrasses
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Cheetah Kentucky
• One of the finest Kentucky Bluegrass - aggressive-type bluegrass
• Adapted to the low light intensity
• Superior on sports fields
• Very dense growth habit - similar to Odyssey, Midnight, and Rugby II
• Early spring green-up
• Excellent sod strength
• Very high shade tolerance
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Julia-TypeHigh turf quality
High wear tolerance
High density
Rapid establishment
Good Summer performance
Moderate Winter performance
Good Leaf Spot, Stripe Smut resistance
Susceptible to Brown Patch, Dollar Spot
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Julia Type Cultivars
Ulysses
Rampart
Avalanche
Julia
Caliber
Ikone
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Rampart Kentucky
• Julia-type Kentucky Bluegrass
• Larger seed - faster establishment
• Excellent wear tolerance - look best with wear
• High sod strength
• High heat tolerance
• High drought tolerance
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Ulysses Kentucky blue• Julia type
• High performance at 1/2 inch cut
• Excellent performance with season-long wear
• Excellent summer persistence
• Uses: Fairways, Roughs, Sports Fields, Sod Production, Home Lawns
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America Type• Characteristics of compact type
• Finer leaf, higher density
• Some with better rhizomes
• Better fall and spring growth
• Moderate Summer recovery
• High Summer Patch resistance
• Resistant to powdery mildew
• Good in shade - should be in
• Fairway mixes
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America Type
Kingfisher Sonoma Dynamo
Showcase Apollo Unique
SR 2284 Brilliant Bedazzled
Argos Bordeaux Royale
America Arrow Boutique
Langara Mallard Glenmont
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Argos Kentucky• American/Shamrock cross
• Compact-America
• Low growing, dense turf
• Shade tolerant
• Rapid establishment
• Aggressive rhizome growth
• High heat tolerance
• Early spring green-up
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Mid-Atlantic Type• Deep, extensive roots and rhizomes
• New cultivars in 2005 Bluegrass NTEP
• Called RSP-types, some very aggressive
• Vigorous turf & medium-high density
• High Summer stress tolerance
• Early Spring green-up
• Good Winter performance
• Rapid recovery from disease and wear
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Mid-Atlantic TypeTouche’ (STR 23180)
Starburst (STR 2703)
STR 2485
Eagleton
CabernetMonopoly
LivingstonPreakness Plush
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Touche’ KentuckyTurf Quality with wear of 2004 CTBT Bluegrass Trial established at North
Brunswick NJ. 2005 Rating with Wear 1-9, 9 = Best
Cultivar Wear .Quality
Touche’ (STR 23180 (Mid-Atl)) 6.7
STR 2485 (Mid-Atl) 6.2
Rhythm (Mid) 6.2
Bandera (T x K) 5.7
Julia (Julia) 5.7
SR 2100 (Shamrock) 5.3
Midnight (Mid) 5.0
Diva (Compact) 5.0
Julius (Aggr) 4.2
Eagleton (Mid-Atl) 3.8
LSD @ 5% 1.0
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Touche’ KentuckyTurf Quality of 2004 CTBT Bluegrass Trial established at Rolesville, NC.
2005-2006 Rating Turf Quality 1-9, 9 = Best
Cultivar Mean .Quality
Touche (STR 23180) 5.9
STR 2485 5.9
Bandera TxK 5.7
Julia 5.0
Rhythm 4.6
Diva 4.4
Julius 4.3
Midnight 4.3
SR 2100 4.2
Eagleton 3.5
LSD @ 5% 0.6
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Starburst KentuckyTurf Quality of 2005 CTBT Bluegrass Species Trial established at Knoxville, TN
Quality 1-9, 9 = Best
Cultivar Quality
Starburst (STR 2703 Mid-Atl) 7.4
Midnight (Mid) 7.4
Touche (STR 23180 Mid-Atl) 7.2
America (Am) 7.1
Longhorn (T x K) 7.1
Livingston (Mid-Atl) 7.0
Julia (Julia) 6.9
Bandera (SPTR 2LM95 T xK) 6.7
Midnight Star (Mid) 6.6
LSD @ 5% 0.7
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Texas X Kentucky bluegrass
• Texas bluegrass heat and drought tolerant, extensive and deep rhizomes
• Kentucky bluegrass turf quality
• 1st generation low fertility, low germination. Selected superior progeny
• Some backcrossed to Kentucky bluegrass
• More extensive rhizomes
• Greater heat and drought tolerance
• Must evaluate for diseases, germination vigor, apomixis
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Texas x Kentucky bluegrass
• Many first hybrids poor germination
• Thermal Blue = HB 129 = BH00-6002
• Reveille sod type good performance
• Improved establishment
• High shear strength
• Excellent rhizomes = good recovery
• Good wear tolerance in Ohio - new ones high at Rutgers
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Texas X Kentucky
• Improved germination
• High heat tolerance
• Active summer growth
• Need more growth before vernalization for seed
Bandera
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Texas x Kentucky bluegrass
Bandera DuraBlue Fire and Ice
Spitfire ThermalBlue Longhorn
Fahrenheit 90 Solar Green Reveille
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Texas X Kentucky bluegrass
• Rhizomes on young spaced plants
• Deep rhizomes contribute to recovery
• Bluegrass usage further south
• Top rated for shear strength NTEP
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Bandera T x K bluegrass
• Study was done in Rain Out Shelter at Rutgers
• Bandera (Reported as Sptr 21m95 instead of SPTR 2LM95) showed less decline than Thermal Blue or Midnight from 10 to 17 days drought, Kept quality longer.
• Maintained photosynthesis longer than Midnight under drought stress
• Recovered faster than Midnight or Thermal Blue after 41 days of drought and had a difference in stomatal resistance.
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Spitfire Texas x KentuckyTurf Quality of 2005 CTBT Bluegrass Species Trial established at
Fayetteville, Arkansas Digital Quality 1-9, 9 = Best
Cultivar Digital Color Digital Quality
Midnight (Mid) 6.6 7.6
Spitfire (STR 2844 TxK) 7.3 7.4
Longhorn (T x K) 5.8 6.9
Touche (STR 23180 Mid-Atl) 5.5 6.6
Bandera (SPTR 2LM95 T xK) 5.6 6.6
America (Am) 5.7 6.5
Midnight Star (Mid) 6.3 6.4
Livingston (Mid-Atl) 4.6 6.0
Julia (Julia) 5.9 5.5
LSD @ 5% 0.7 0.8
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Shamrock Type• Moderate Winter color
• Good resistance to Leaf Spot
• Good turf quality and sod strength
• Billbug susceptible
• High seed yields
• Less stemmy than BVMG types
• Summer performance variable
• Large seed - quick germination
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Shamrock Type
SR 2100 Champagne
Atlantis Parkland
Shamrock Champlain
Brooklawn Moonshine
Lakeshore Durham
Mongoose
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BVMG Type• Wear tolerance poor, not good for sports turf
• Use Shmarock types instead for quick germination
• High seed yields so cheap seed
• Medium-good turf
• Stripe Smut susceptible, Billbug susceptible
• Medium low growth, Medium wide leaves
• Large seed - quick germ
• Very stemmy turf
• Poor Winter performance
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BVMG Type Cultivars
Cannon Abbey Fortuna
Marquis Baron Gnome
Victa BlueChip Goldrush
Clearwater BlueStar Baronette
Merit Crest Nassau
Envicta Dragon Raven
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Common Type(Midwest Ecotypes)
• Do not use for sports turf
• Erect growth and narrow leaf blades
• Good Summer stress tolerance (may go dormant)
• High Leaf Spot susceptibility
• Poor Winter color and performance
• Early seed production
• Good for soil stabilization/conservation
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Common Type(Midwest Ecotypes)
Kenblue Alene Huntsville
Park Garfield Piedmont
Alene Geary S-21
Cache Ginger South Dakota
Rhonde Greenly Voyager
Newport Wellington Argyle
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New Cultivars• SR 4600 perennial ryegrass
• Harrier perennial ryegrass
• Calypso III perennial ryegrass
• SR 8650 tall fescue
• SR 5250 strong creeping red fescue
• SR 5130 Chewings fescue
• Shoreline slender creeping red fescue
• SR 3150 hard fescue