New Aquatic Pest Control Training Materials and Invaders in the Pond
54
POND PROBLEMS AND RESOURCES Diane Oleson Water Resources Extension Educator Penn State Extension Jim Clark Water Resources Extension Educator McKean County
-
Upload
penn-state-extension -
Category
Environment
-
view
111 -
download
0
description
Two recently delivered presentations
Transcript of New Aquatic Pest Control Training Materials and Invaders in the Pond
POND PROBLEMS AND RESOURCES
Diane OlesonWater Resources Extension EducatorPenn State Extension
Jim ClarkWater Resources Extension EducatorMcKean County
Objectives• Share the Resources and Ideas from the Penn
State Extension Water Resources Team • Encourage Some Possible Partnership
Opportunities• Alert you to the increase of HABs• Learn from you about future needs
Penn State Extension Water Resources Team
Helping people protect and manage the water resources of Pennsylvania.
Core Water Resources Team
Pond Home Study Course 4/2/15
Pond Course Chapters• Getting to Know Your Pond• Pond Maintenance• Aquatic Plants and Algae• Fisheries• Attracting and Managing Wildlife• Pond Management Case Studies• Frequently Asked Questions
Home Study Course Process• One Statewide Registration Site (Coordinator)• All Communications by Email• 6 Lessons over 12 weeks• Coordinator Confirms Email Address• 6 Lesson Emails (every two weeks)
– Opening Letter, Archived Adobe Connect Presentations, Lesson Worksheet, Website
• Worksheet Returned to Coordinator• Coordinator Drafts Answer and Sends to Instructors• Instructors Respond to Coordinator• Coordinator Sends Final Answer
Home Study Course Process (Continued)• Participants are Asked to Respond to Answer
on Next Worksheet Submission• Coordinator Sends Completion Certificates• Survey Monkey Website for Evaluations
(Lesson 6)• Coordinator Compiles FAQ and Answers• All Instructors In serviced By The Process
Pond Home Study Course• 286 Total Participants• PA – 243• NY – 10• MD (2), VA, IL, MS, IA, MO, NH, NC (2), CT, FL,
GA (4), ID, NJ (3), CA (2), VT (3), OH (5), OR, CO and Oxfordshire, England.
Penn State ExtensionWater APP
“H20 Solutions”
Penn State Water Lab
Water Testing Packages• Drinking Water • Livestock Drinking Water• Pond and Lake Water• Irrigation Water
– Nurseries and Greenhouses– Turfgrass– GAP (Fruit and Veg Irrigation or Processing
Water)
Use of this presentation or parts of this presentation is encouraged as long as these credit slides are included.
Overall Reference:• Fred Whitford, Purdue Pesticide Programs. “The Impact of Water Quality
on Pesticide Performance: The Little Factor that Makes a Big Difference.” November 2009. (http://www.ppp.purdue.edu/Pubs/PPP-86.pdf)
pH Half-life Data Sources:• Howard M. Deer and Richard Beard, Utah State University. “Effect of Water
pH on the Chemical Stability of Pesticides.” July 2001. (http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/factsheet/AG_Pesticides_14.pdf)
• F. M. Fishel and J. A. Ferrell, University of Florida. “Water pH and the Effectiveness of Pesticides.” (http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pi193)
Bill RidenPenn State Pesticide Education Program
extension.psu.edu/pestedAdapted by Jim Clark, Extension Educator, [email protected]
The Impact of Water Quality on Pesticide Performance:
The Little Factor that Makes a Big Difference
Effect of pH on PesticidesCommon/
Trade NameHalf-life with
pH 5Half-life with
pH 7Half-life with
pH >8Carbaryl / Sevin did not find data 24 days 1 day
Chlorothalonil / Bravo Stable Stable StableChlorpyrifos / Lorsban 63 days 35 days 1.5 days
Phosmet / Imidan 13 days* 12 hours 4 hoursSimazine / Princep 96 days Decreases 24 days
Thiophanate / Topsin 80 hours 1 hour Decreases
Captan / Othocide 32 hours 8 hours 10 minutes
* At pH 4.5 pH half-life data sources are listed at end of presentation.
pH Measure of acid or alkaline nature of
water Frequently controlled by bedrock where
water is stored for water well or spring Low pH can cause corrosion / taste
issues Treat with acid neutralizing filter
pH0
25
50
75
100
41% (283)
Overall
Perc
ent F
ailin
g S
tand
ard
Overall County
Median 6.60
Lowest 3.0 Clearfield
Highest 8.79 Jefferson
pH in North Central PA Groundwater
Drinking water should be 6.5 to 8.5 (aesthetic)
Aquatic Pesticide Recertification Course
$5.00 $4.00
7 Aquatic WorksheetsIdentifying and Managing Aquatic Plant Growth in Ponds (Videos) • Pond Ecology and the Role of Aquatic Plants • Getting to Know Your Pond• Causes and Prevention of Aquatic Plant and Algae Growth • Aquatic Plant Identification • Chemical Control of Invasive Aquatic Plants • Biological Control of Aquatic Plants • Physical Control of Aquatic Plants
Pesticide Recertification Credits• Videos (CD)• Publication• 7 Worksheets• PDA Recertification Credits Application Form• Course Survey or Evaluation• Self Addressed Stamped Envelop
CVENT Registration Site• http://extension.psu.edu/aquatic-pesticide
Marketing• On Line Pond Management Home Study
Course Brochure• Regional Pond Workshops Flyer• Pond Water Test Kit Brochure• 10% Off Coupon (Thank You for Taking the
Course)• For Sale Water Publications Flyer
10% OFF CouponPenn State University
Agricultural Analytical Services LaboratoryPond/Lake Water Test Kit
10% OFF CouponParticipant Name: ___________________Date Issued_________________________(Coupon is valid for one year from the issue date)Coordinators Signature_________________
Cover Letter and Process• One Central Coordinator• Package requested and sent• Self addressed stamped envelop returns
(Returned within 60 days)• Worksheets graded (70% or greater to get
credits)• PDA form completed and email sent for
credits• Completion certificate sent to participant.
Finances• Participant Cost = $30.00• Expenses – $13.68
– $9.00 (Publication and CD)– $2.68 (Postage 2.07 + 0.61)– $2.00 (Envelopes, Paper, and Colored Copies)
• Balance – $16.32 per packet• 27 Participants to Date• Open Beyond PA?
PARTICPANT BENEFITS• Time Convenience (2 AM in the morning)• No Travel (Work at home)• Organization (Structured Learning)• Deadlines (Some people need deadlines, no
pressure atmosphere)• Anonymity with Access and Individualization
WHY USE THESE METHODS?• Travel Costs
– Participants and Instructors• Time Constraints
– Participants and Instructors• Financial Resources
– Do more with less• Larger Audience Pool
– The world is waiting for your extension advice!
Updating the Educational Packet for Category 9 Aquatic Pest Control• Penn State Pesticide Education Department
– Prepares educational training materials for the PA Department of Agriculture
– Category 9 Aquatic Pest Control• Revamping in 2014• Penn State Water Team
– Reviewing and Updating Materials– Writing Exam Questions for databank
• PALMS Professionals– Reviewing Materials
• http://extension.psu.edu/natural-resources/water
More Info: Ext. Water Website
AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES AND HABS
Diane Oleson, Penn State Extension
What is an Invasive Species?• Defined by Executive Order
• Outside native range• Brought in by artificial means• Economic, ecological or human, plant
or animal health harm
• Different from a native plant that overgrows the pond
Why are Invasive Species a Problem?
• Characteristics• Come in all forms – plants, insects, animals,
pathogens – both terrestrial and aquatic• Tolerate wide range of environmental conditions• Have few diseases, parasites or predators• Produce large numbers of offspring, spread
rapidly• U.S. control / losses = $Billions annually
How do they move?• On equipment
• Bait Bucket
• Waterfowl / Wildlife
• Aquarium release
• Stocking Just seem to show up
Randy Westbrooks, U.S. Geological Survey, Bugwood.org
Zebra mussels
Aren’t just plants
Pathogens and vectors
Asian Tiger MosquitoSusan Ellis, Bugwood.org
Fishhook (top) & Spiny (bottom) WaterfleasPhoto: J. Liebig, NOAA GLERL, 2001
Goldfish and Koi
Invasive crustaceans
Why are Invasive Aquatic Plants a Problem?
Aquatic Invasive PlantsCompete with native vegetation Reduce wildlife habitatReduce biodiversity
Form mats:Interfere with flood control, irrigation, navigationInterfere with recreational activities
(swimming, boating, fishing)Reduce dissolved oxygen in the water Create mosquito breeding habitat
Slow moving water problemUnattractive
USDA APHIS PPQ Archive, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org
Water Chestnut
Rob Andress, Department of Conservation & Natural Resources, Bugwood.org
Parrotfeather Watermilfoil
Floating Bleeding Heart
Hydrilla
Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org
Utah State University Archive, Utah State University, Bugwood.org
Submerged Invasive Plants
USDA APHIS PPQ Archive, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org
Hydrilla, waterthyme, Hydrilla verticillata• Native to Asia or Africa• Can grow 20-40 feet deep• Spreads by fragments• Forms resistant overwintering tubers• Forms dense mats• Aquarium plant release
WatermilfoilsParrotfeather watermilfoil Myriophyllum aquaticum
• Native to South America• Water garden introduction• Forms mats
John M. Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org
Eurasian watermilfoilMyriophyllum spicatum
• Eurasian origin• Forms mats• Ballast water, worm packing,
aquarium plant
Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org
Submerged Invasive Plants
Chris Evans, River to River CWMA, Bugwood.org
Curly leaf pondweed, Potamogeton crispus
• Tolerates low light, low water temperatures
• Forms dense mats• Causes eutrophication => Increased algal
blooms
Up and coming
Leslie J Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org
Water Chestnut, Trapa natans• Roots 12-15 ft deep• Floating mats of rosettes• Nasty spiny seeds• Fragments form new plants
Giant hogweed Heracleum mantegazzianum DANGEROUS – Sap causes burns
Thomas B. Denholm, New Jersey Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org
USDA APHIS PPQ Archive, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org
From EuropeCrowds out native species; produces toxic sap (causes skin irritation and blindness)Found in disturbed and riparian areasSpreads
Native Nuisance PlantsAlgae
CharaNitella
Vascular plantsDuckweedWatermealPondweedsNaiadsElodeaWaterlilyCattails
Aquatic Invasive Species EducationCurriculum developed with a grantOn DVDOn Water Resources website
Components of the curriculumTrain the trainer
Presenter file to train educatorsSupport materials
Fact Sheet, Federal and State Noxious weed lists, Resources and references
Tools for educators Developed talks for educators to use with public
Shorter Presenter file for the publicPowerPoint with a script to customize for their area
DistributionUse Master Gardeners to extendPresented at Statewide MG ConferencePresented at PALMS, CCLCMaster Gardener trainings
Best Management PracticesMaintain your pond
Make sure problem plants or animals stay in pondWhen selecting plants, do your homework
Look at what you are putting in and around the pondIs it on a noxious weed list? Why?Use native plantsDon’t share what you don’t know
Don’t dispose of aquarium critters in ponds or streamsClean and inspect everything before installingObtain fish for stocking from reputable sources
In General - Most plant problems are NUTRIENT problems
Test your waterInvasives need to be eliminated, if possible
Vegetated BuffersRestrict fertilizer, manure, sediment runoffControl geeseHerbicides are a temporary fix
MUST identify the plant Obtain permits PA Fish & Boat / DEP
Nuisance Native Plants - Algae
Filamentous Algae
• Slimy, stringy• Start as mats on the bottom• Different algae at different
times
Planktonic algae
• Microscopic algae - float in the water column
• Water looks green, brown, reddish• Can sometimes be confused with
muddy water
Toxin Producing Algae = HABsProduced by some ‘Blue-green algae” = Cyanobacteria
– Closely related to bacteria, but larger– Produce a variety of toxins, 2 of particular importance– Microcystin – hepatotoxin; Anatoxin-A – neurotoxin– 3 main problem species: “Annie, Fannie and Mike”
• Anabaena, Aphanizomon and Microcystis
– Toxins - Not all the time, not for long periods – Nutrient rich conditions, warm water temperatures– Toxins released when cells die– NOT a new problem
Most Common Culprits
AnnieAnabaena
FannieAphanizomenon
MikeMicrocystis
Microcystis Common in Great Lakes Multiple HAB events, most recently in Toledo OH NOAA runs Lake Erie Bulletin This will only get worse
Genus Toxins producedAnabaena Anatoxins, Microcystins, SaxitoxinsAnabaenopsis MicrocystinsAphanizomenon Saxitoxins, CylindrospermopsinsCylindrospermopsis Cylindrospermopsins, SaxitoxinsHapalosiphon MicrocystinsLyngbya Aplysiatoxins, Lyngbyatoxin aMicrocystis MicrocystinsNodularia NodularinNostoc MicrocystinsPhormidium (Oscillatoria) Anatoxin
Planktothrix (Oscillatoria) Anatoxins, Aplysiatoxins, Microcystins, Saxitoxins
Schizothrix AplysiatoxinsTrichodesmium yet to be identifiedUmezakia Cylindrospermopsin
Known cyanobacteria and the toxins they produce.
Cyanosite http://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/
Health Effects and PrecautionsPets and livestock have died from ingesting toxin contaminated water, people have become ill.• People, pets and livestock should
avoid contact with water showing bloom symptoms.
• Never drink untreated surface water, whether or not algae blooms are present.
• In-home treatments do not protect people from blue-green algal toxins.
• As a precaution, rinse washed dishes with bottled water.
Stop using the water and seek medical attention if symptoms such as vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, skin, eye or throat irritation, allergic reactions or breathing difficulties occur while in contact with untreated surface waters showing signs of a bloom.
Field Guides….
http://www.paseagrant.org
http://extension.psu.edu/natural-resources/water/ponds/pond-management/aquatic-plants
Website: http://extension.psu.edu/natural-resources/water/ponds
Questions?
